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Caley M, Fowler T, Welch S, Wood A. Risk of developing tuberculosis from a school contact: retrospective cohort study, United Kingdom, 2009. Euro Surveill 2010. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.11.19510-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To quantify the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) following school contact with a student with smear positive respiratory TB in a population with a high background rate of tuberculosis, a retrospective cohort study was conducted. This study included all students and staff (n=1,065) at an inner city secondary school in Birmingham, United Kingdom (UK).
Being in the same school year as the index case resulted in a significantly higher risk of being diagnosed with active TB (odds ratio (OR) 6.11) and either active or latent TB (OR 10.52) compared to the risk for pupils in other school years. Neither lower level classroom exposure in tutoring groups nor being a staff member resulted in significantly increased risk of infection. The number of cases detected in the school was significantly higher than compared with the TB notification rate for the respective age groups in the population in the area.
This study is consistent with the small body of evidence that already exists suggesting that greater levels of classroom contact with a student with smear positive active TB significantly increases the risk of contracting active and latent TB. It also suggests that staff may be at a lower risk of active TB than students. It does not appear that being in an area with high TB incidence substantially alters the epidemiology of the outbreak or risk of transmission between students in comparison to other populations.
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Wood A, Jepson C, Laval S, Bushby K, Lochmüller H, Barresi R, Müller J, Straub V. P15 Modelling the role of dystroglycan glycosylation in angiogenesis using zebrafish. Neuromuscul Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(10)70030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wood A, Trimble K, Louden M, Jansen J. Selective Non-Operative Management of Ballistic Abdominal Solid Organ Injury in the Deployed Military Setting. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2010; 156:21-4. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-156-01-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Martin K, Wood A, Blizzard L, Callisaya M, Thomson R, Sanders L, Srikanth V. 093 COGNITIVE FUNCTION, GAIT AND GAIT VARIABILITY IN OLDER PEOPLE: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(10)70094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shah P, Mundy J, Wood A, Griffin R, Peters P, Yeates A, Marwick T. Should Moderate>2 Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR) be Treated at the Time of Mitral Valve (MV) Surgery? Impact on Clinical and Echocardiographic Parameters at Mid-term Follow-up. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Harvey R, Haluska B, Mundy J, Peters P, Wood A, Griffin R, Marwick T, Shah P. Association Between Body Mass Index and Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yeates A, Mundy J, Griffith R, Marshall L, Wood A, Peters P, Shah P. Early and Mid-term Outcomes Following Surgical Management of Infective Endocarditis with Associated Cerebral Complications: A Single Centre Experience. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jolly E, Bromilow J, Wood A. "An unfortunate trip": small bowel perforation in a patient with an undiagnosed inguinal hernia following minor blunt trauma. CASE REPORTS 2009; 2009:bcr07.2009.2052. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.07.2009.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Martin K, Thomson R, Blizzard L, Wood A, Garry M, Srikanth V. Visuospatial ability and memory are associated with falls risk in older people: a population-based study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2009; 27:451-7. [PMID: 19420939 DOI: 10.1159/000216840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Our purpose was to examine whether falls risk is associated with cognitive functions beyond executive function/attention and processing speed. METHODS Cognitive function was measured in a population-based sample (n = 300) of people aged 60-86 years. The physiological profile assessment was used to estimate the falls risk. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders, visual construction (p < 0.01), executive function/attention and memory (both p < 0.05) were independently associated with falls risk. The associations for visual construction (p < 0.01) and memory (p < 0.01) remained after adjusting for executive function/ attention. CONCLUSIONS The neural basis underlying the associations of visuospatial function and memory with falls risk require further study.
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Baker P, Wood A, Lever P. Fetal macrosomia; an analysis of the possible causes of the increasing incidence. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01443619309151731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Amagada JO, Karanjgaokar V, Wood A, Wiener JJ. Successful pregnancy following two uterine artery embolisation procedures for arteriovenous malformation. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009; 24:86-7. [PMID: 14675992 DOI: 10.1080/01443610310001627164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shaw ME, Gavrilescu M, Crocker R, Wood A, Johnston LA. Automatic selection of functionally-connected network nodes in fMRI data. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Margey R, Mahon N, Sugrue D, Wood A. 388: Disappointing Outcomes of Drug Eluting Stent (DES) Implantation To Treat Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Smith GCS, Wood A. Previous caesarean and the risk of antepartum stillbirth. BJOG 2008; 115:1458; author reply 1458-9. [PMID: 18823493 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sydnor M, Sherman G, Wood A, Komorowski D, Leung D, Tisnado J. Abstract No. 319 EE: Unique Applications of Bone Augmentation for Painful Metastatic Foci to the Axial Skeleton. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2007.12.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Rensing SA, Lang D, Zimmer AD, Terry A, Salamov A, Shapiro H, Nishiyama T, Perroud PF, Lindquist EA, Kamisugi Y, Tanahashi T, Sakakibara K, Fujita T, Oishi K, Shin-I T, Kuroki Y, Toyoda A, Suzuki Y, Hashimoto SI, Yamaguchi K, Sugano S, Kohara Y, Fujiyama A, Anterola A, Aoki S, Ashton N, Barbazuk WB, Barker E, Bennetzen JL, Blankenship R, Cho SH, Dutcher SK, Estelle M, Fawcett JA, Gundlach H, Hanada K, Heyl A, Hicks KA, Hughes J, Lohr M, Mayer K, Melkozernov A, Murata T, Nelson DR, Pils B, Prigge M, Reiss B, Renner T, Rombauts S, Rushton PJ, Sanderfoot A, Schween G, Shiu SH, Stueber K, Theodoulou FL, Tu H, Van de Peer Y, Verrier PJ, Waters E, Wood A, Yang L, Cove D, Cuming AC, Hasebe M, Lucas S, Mishler BD, Reski R, Grigoriev IV, Quatrano RS, Boore JL. The Physcomitrella Genome Reveals Evolutionary Insights into the Conquest of Land by Plants. Science 2007; 319:64-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1150646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1452] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dubaj V, Mazzolini A, Wood A. Monitoring of neuronal and glial calcium activity using a novel direct-contact probe. J Microsc 2007; 226:83-9. [PMID: 17444939 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In vivo neuronal and glial calcium activity was monitored using a novel direct-contact probe that was designed for fluorescence detection deep within biological tissue. A small diameter fibre bundle direct-contact probe was employed with a laser scanning confocal microscope to detect evoked neuronal and glial activity in the posteromedial barrel subfield of the rat somatosensory cortex in vivo. Resolution of the probe allowed discrimination of single cells, and calcium dynamics spanning milliseconds to several seconds were observed. Initial results indicate that the probe has useful practical applications in the imaging of individual cells and monitoring rapid calcium fluctuations within their cell body and large processes.
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Tudor E, Wood A. Graham Warner Ward. Aust Vet J 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mann CM, Wood A. How much do medical students know about infection control? J Hosp Infect 2006; 64:366-70. [PMID: 16979260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2006.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Changes in undergraduate medical training mean that students have direct patient contact from an early stage of their training. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of third-year medical students at the University of Birmingham Medical School, UK on infection control policy and procedures. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to medical students. Out of 322 students, 156 returned completed questionnaires (48%). Results showed that 58% of medical students did not know the correct indications for using alcoholic hand gel, 35% did not know the correct use of gloves, and 50% did not know the exclusion period after an episode of diarrhoea and vomiting. Sixty-four percent of medical students reported formal teaching on hand hygiene, 12% reported informal teaching, 19% reported both types of teaching and 5% reported no hand hygiene teaching at all. Forty-nine percent of medical students thought that there was insufficient emphasis on infection control in their course. These results raised concerns about medical students' knowledge about infection control. The University is currently reviewing the need for a more structured model for the teaching and assessment of infection control.
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Al-Hallaq H, Bian J, Wood A. SU-FF-T-73: Accounting for Tissue Heterogeneities in Head and Neck IMRT Plans Increases Planning Target Volume and Spinal Cord Doses. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2240999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Tassabehji R, Taylor W, Beach R, Wood A. Reverse e‐auctions and supplier‐buyer relationships: an exploratory study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS & PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT 2006. [DOI: 10.1108/01443570610641657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Danesh J, Lewington S, Thompson SG, Lowe GDO, Collins R, Kostis JB, Wilson AC, Folsom AR, Wu K, Benderly M, Goldbourt U, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Yarnell JWG, Sweetnam PM, Elwood PC, Cushman M, Psaty BM, Tracy RP, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Haverkate F, de Maat MPM, Fowkes FGR, Lee AJ, Smith FB, Salomaa V, Harald K, Rasi R, Vahtera E, Jousilahti P, Pekkanen J, D'Agostino R, Kannel WB, Wilson PWF, Tofler G, Arocha-Piñango CL, Rodriguez-Larralde A, Nagy E, Mijares M, Espinosa R, Rodriquez-Roa E, Ryder E, Diez-Ewald MP, Campos G, Fernandez V, Torres E, Marchioli R, Valagussa F, Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L, Lappas G, Eriksson H, Cremer P, Nagel D, Curb JD, Rodriguez B, Yano K, Salonen JT, Nyyssönen K, Tuomainen TP, Hedblad B, Lind P, Loewel H, Koenig W, Meade TW, Cooper JA, De Stavola B, Knottenbelt C, Miller GJ, Cooper JA, Bauer KA, Rosenberg RD, Sato S, Kitamura A, Naito Y, Palosuo T, Ducimetiere P, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Evans AE, Ferrieres J, Juhan-Vague I, Bingham A, Schulte H, Assmann G, Cantin B, Lamarche B, Després JP, Dagenais GR, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Woodward M, Ben-Shlomo Y, Davey Smith G, Palmieri V, Yeh JL, Rudnicka A, Ridker P, Rodeghiero F, Tosetto A, Shepherd J, Ford I, Robertson M, Brunner E, Shipley M, Feskens EJM, Kromhout D, Dickinson A, Ireland B, Juzwishin K, Kaptoge S, Lewington S, Memon A, Sarwar N, Walker M, Wheeler J, White I, Wood A. Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. JAMA 2005; 294:1799-809. [PMID: 16219884 DOI: 10.1001/jama.294.14.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plasma fibrinogen levels may be associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationships of fibrinogen levels with risk of major vascular and with risk of nonvascular outcomes based on individual participant data. DATA SOURCES Relevant studies were identified by computer-assisted searches, hand searches of reference lists, and personal communication with relevant investigators. STUDY SELECTION All identified prospective studies were included with information available on baseline fibrinogen levels and details of subsequent major vascular morbidity and/or cause-specific mortality during at least 1 year of follow-up. Studies were excluded if they recruited participants on the basis of having had a previous history of cardiovascular disease; participants with known preexisting CHD or stroke were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION Individual records were provided on each of 154,211 participants in 31 prospective studies. During 1.38 million person-years of follow-up, there were 6944 first nonfatal myocardial infarctions or stroke events and 13,210 deaths. Cause-specific mortality was generally available. Analyses involved proportional hazards modeling with adjustment for confounding by known cardiovascular risk factors and for regression dilution bias. DATA SYNTHESIS Within each age group considered (40-59, 60-69, and > or =70 years), there was an approximately log-linear association with usual fibrinogen level for the risk of any CHD, any stroke, other vascular (eg, non-CHD, nonstroke) mortality, and nonvascular mortality. There was no evidence of a threshold within the range of usual fibrinogen level studied at any age. The age- and sex- adjusted hazard ratio per 1-g/L increase in usual fibrinogen level for CHD was 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.24-2.60); stroke, 2.06 (95% CI, 1.83-2.33); other vascular mortality, 2.76 (95% CI, 2.28-3.35); and nonvascular mortality, 2.03 (95% CI, 1.90-2.18). The hazard ratios for CHD and stroke were reduced to about 1.8 after further adjustment for measured values of several established vascular risk factors. In a subset of 7011 participants with available C-reactive protein values, the findings for CHD were essentially unchanged following additional adjustment for C-reactive protein. The associations of fibrinogen level with CHD or stroke did not differ substantially according to sex, smoking, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, or several features of study design. CONCLUSIONS In this large individual participant meta-analysis, moderately strong associations were found between usual plasma fibrinogen level and the risks of CHD, stroke, other vascular mortality, and nonvascular mortality in a wide range of circumstances in healthy middle-aged adults. Assessment of any causal relevance of elevated fibrinogen levels to disease requires additional research.
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Alagiakrishnan K, Lim D, Brahim A, Wong A, Wood A, Senthilselvan A, Chimich WT, Kagan L. Sexually inappropriate behaviour in demented elderly people. Postgrad Med J 2005; 81:463-6. [PMID: 15998824 PMCID: PMC1743300 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2004.028043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence, aetiology, and treatment profile of abnormal sexual behaviour in subjects with dementia in psychogeriatric practices. METHODS A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted in a long term care psychiatry consultation service, community based geriatric psychiatry service, and an inpatient dementia behavioural unit in Edmonton, Canada. RESULTS Forty one subjects (1.8%) had sexually inappropriate behaviour. Of those cognitively impaired subjects with sexually inappropriate behaviour, 20 (48.8%) were living in nursing homes and the rest, 21 (51.2%) in the community. Of these subjects, 53.7% had vascular dementia, 22% had Alzheimer's, and 9.8% had mild cognitive impairment. History of alcohol misuse and psychosis were reported in 14.6% and 9.8% of subjects respectively. Twenty seven (65.7%) had verbally inappropriate behaviour and 36 (87.8%) had physically inappropriate behaviour. In this study, verbally inappropriate behaviour was more commonly seen in the community sample (81%) than in the nursing home sample (50%) (p = 0.04). Behavioural treatment was also more commonly seen in the community sample (81%) than in the nursing home sample (45%) (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION In this study sexually inappropriate behaviour was seen in all stages of dementia, more commonly associated with subjects of vascular aetiology, and is as commonly seen in community dwelling subjects with dementia as in nursing home subjects.
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