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Hussain A, Van den Bossche M, Kerrigan DD, Alhamdani A, Parmar C, Javed S, Harper C, Darrien J, Singhal R, Yeluri S, Vasas P, Balchandra S, El-Hasani S. Retrospective cohort study of 925 OAGB procedures. The UK MGB/OAGB collaborative group. Int J Surg 2019; 69:13-18. [PMID: 31299430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mini-One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass is a new operation that provides comparable outcomes to the common bariatric procedures. Revisional surgery is still needed after a number of MGB-OAGB procedures. The aim of this study is to report the causes and management of these revisions. METHODS From 2010 to 2018, 925 MGB-OAGB operations were performed at 7 bariatric units across the United Kingdom and included in this retrospective cohort study. The data was retrospectively collected and analysed. The primary end point was the identification of the causes and management of revisions. Follow up ranged from 6 months to 3 years. RESULTS Twenty-two patients [2.3%] required revisional surgery after MGB-OAGB. Five patients [0.5%] developed severe diarrhoea managed by shortening the bilio-pancreatic limb to 150 cm. Four patients [0.4%] developed afferent loop syndrome and bile reflux was reported in another 3 [0.3%] cases; all were managed by either conversion to Roux en Y Gastric Bypass or a Braun anastomosis. Postoperative bleeding was controlled laparoscopically in 3 patients [0.3%]. Liver decompensation that was reported in 2 patients [0.2%] was treated by shortening the BPL in one patient and a reversal to normal anatomy in another. The liver failure resolved in both patients. Other indications for revision included two gastro-jejunal stenosis [0.2%], one perforated ulcer [0.1%], one patient [0.1%] with excessive weight loss and one case [0.1%] of protein malnutrition. None of the 22 patients undergoing revisional surgery after MGB-OAGB died. Lost to follow up rate was 0.2%. CONCLUSION Complications requiring revisional surgery after MGB-OAGB are uncommon [2.3%] and the majority can be managed by bilio-pancreatic limb shortening, the addition of a Braun side-to-side anastomosis or conversion to RYGB. Bilio-pancreatic limb length of 200 cm or more resulted in serious complications of liver failure, protein malnutrition, excessive weight loss and diarrhoea.
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Soppa G, Theodoropoulos P, Bilkhu R, Harrison DA, Alam R, Beattie R, Bleetman D, Hussain A, Jones S, Kenny L, Khorsandi M, Lea A, Mensah K, Hici TN, Pinho-Gomes AC, Rogers L, Sepehripour A, Singh S, Steele D, Weaver H, Klein A, Fletcher N, Jahangiri M. Variation between hospitals in outcomes following cardiac surgery in the UK. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2019; 101:333-341. [PMID: 30854865 PMCID: PMC6513373 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2019.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examine the influence of variations in provision of cardiac surgery in the UK at hospital level on patient outcomes and also to assess whether there is an inequality of access and delivery of healthcare. Cardiothoracic surgery has pioneered the reporting of surgeon-specific outcomes, which other specialties have followed. We set out to identify factors other than the individual surgeon, which can affect outcomes and enable other surgical specialties to adopt a similar model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patient and hospital level factors between 2013 and 2016 from 16 cardiac surgical units in the UK were analysed through the Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery of Great Britain and Ireland and the Royal College of Surgeons Research Collaborative. Patient demographic data, risks factors, postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality, as well as hospital-level factors such as number of beds and operating theatres, were collected. Correlation between outcome measures was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Associations between hospital-level factors and outcomes were assessed using univariable and multivariable regression models. RESULTS Of 50,871 patients (60.5% of UK caseload), 25% were older than 75 years and 29% were female. There was considerable variation between units in patient comorbidities, bed distribution and staffing. All hospitals had dedicated cardiothoracic intensive care beds and consultants. Median survival was 97.9% (range 96.3-98.6%). Postoperative complications included re-sternotomy for bleeding (median 4.8%; range 3.5-6.9%) and mediastinitis (0.4%; 0.1-1.0%), transient ischaemic attack/cerebrovascular accident (1.7%; range 0.3-3.0%), haemofiltration (3.7%; range 0.8-6.8%), intra-aortic balloon pump use (3.3%; range 0.4-7.4%), tracheostomy (1.6%; range 1.3-2.6%) and laparotomy (0.3%; range 0.2-0.6%). There was variation in outcomes between hospitals. Univariable analysis showed a small number of positive associations between hospital-level factors and outcomes but none remained significant in multivariable models. CONCLUSIONS Variations among hospital level factors exists in both delivery of, and outcomes, following cardiac surgery in the UK. However, there was no clear association between these factors and patient outcomes. This negative finding could be explained by differences in outcome definition, differences in risk factors between centres that are not captured by standard risk stratification scores or individual surgeon/team performance.
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Hussain A, Lee RJ, Graff JN, Halabi S. The evolution and understanding of skeletal complication endpoints in clinical trials of tumors with metastasis to the bone. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 139:108-116. [PMID: 31170574 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases are a frequent complication of solid tumors, leading to significant skeletal sequelae that negatively impact quality of life and survival. Prevention and management of skeletal-related complications are critical treatment goals in oncology. Endpoints used in clinical trials to evaluate skeletal-related complications have evolved. In contrast to single measures of bone health, contemporary clinical trial endpoints reflect composite measures of skeletal-related complications, and increasingly also survival. In addition, key symptomatic components, which are more reflective of quality of life and the patient experience, are being incorporated. Given the evolution and resulting diversity of the endpoints being used in pivotal trials, it is becoming increasingly relevant to clarify the utility and the potential clinical impact of these measures not only within the context of trials but also in the real-world setting. Here, we describe the development and evolution of skeletal endpoints used in trials, and discuss their clinical relevance.
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Rubio V, Binner J, Cousinet S, Le Page G, Ackerman T, Hussain A, Brown P, Dautremont I. Materials characterisation and mechanical properties of Cf-UHTC powder composites. Ann Ital Chir 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pang E, Lian Chek Wang M, Tuan J, Tan T, Chua M, Chua E, Looi W, Nei W, Hussain A. PO-1122 Assessment of bladder volume and urinary symptoms for patients undergoing prostate radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tahseen S, Shahnawaz H, Riaz U, Khanzada FM, Hussain A, Aslam W, von Euler-Chelpin M. Systematic case finding for tuberculosis in HIV-infected people who inject drugs: experience from Pakistan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 22:187-193. [PMID: 29506615 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Pakistan is a high tuberculosis (TB) burden country, moving from low human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence to a concentrated epidemic driven primarily by people who inject drugs (PWID). The Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Unit (AAU) in Islamabad, Pakistan, is a residential facility that offers combined treatment for opioid dependence and HIV. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN This retrospective study was conducted to assess TB prevalence among HIV-infected PWID referred to the AAU and to evaluate the diagnostic value of cough as a screening symptom. A single sputum sample was collected regardless of symptoms, and examined using smear, Xpert® MTB/RIF and culture. RESULTS Of 888 PWID, 71.5% submitted a sputum sample. More TB cases were detected using Xpert (n = 25) than with smear (n = 10) or culture (n = 20). A TB prevalence of 6141 per 100 000 was estimated based on seven cases already identified as being on anti-tuberculosis treatment and 32 newly diagnosed bacteriologically confirmed TB cases. Both cough and smoking (10 pack-years) were associated with increased TB prevalence. Only half of the TB cases reported cough. Rifampicin resistance was reported among 10% (3/29) of newly identified cases. CONCLUSION TB prevalence in HIV-infected PWID was 15 times higher than in the general adult population. As a screening symptom, cough has low diagnostic value.
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Arras W, Hussain A, Hausler R, Guiot SR. Mesophilic, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic acidogenic fermentation of food waste in batch: Effect of inoculum source. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:279-287. [PMID: 31109527 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Distinctions in hydrolysis and acidogenesis were examined for a series of anaerobic batch reactors inoculated with three different anaerobic mixed cultures (mesophilic, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic anaerobic sludge) and operated at the temperature of inoculum's origin and additionally at 70 °C. Hyperthermophilic temperatures led to increased hydrolysis rates during the start-up stage but a rapid drop in pH limited the overall hydrolysis efficiency, indicating the importance of pH control to sustain the high reaction rates at higher temperatures. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed among hydrolysis efficiencies obtained for different reactors which ranged between 27 ± 3% and 40 ± 14%. The highest fermentation yield of 0.44 g COD of fermentation products/g VSS-CODadded was obtained under thermophilic conditions, followed by mesophilic (0.33 g COD ferm. prod./g VSS-CODadded) and hyperthermophilic conditions (0.05-0.08 g COD ferm. prod./g VSS-CODadded). Fermentative performance was better at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions as indicated by improved production of volatile fatty acids (VFA). VFAs accounted for 60-71% of the solubilised matter at thermophilic and mesophilic conditions. Acetic acid formed the primary VFA (70%) at mesophilic temperatures, while butyric acid was the major VFA at thermophilic (60%) conditions. Hyperthermophilic conditions led to increased production of lactic acid, which comprised up to 32% of the solubilised matter. Overall, the results indicate that different operating temperatures may not significantly affect the substrate degradation efficiency but clearly influence the biotransformation pathways.
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Ahmad R, Hussain A, Ahsan H. Peroxynitrite: cellular pathology and implications in autoimmunity. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2019; 40:123-138. [PMID: 30843753 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2019.1583109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In inflamed tissues, the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide leads to the formation of an extremely reactive peroxynitrite (ONOO-), which is a well known oxidizing and nitrating agent that exhibits high reactivity at physiological pH. The peroxynitrite formed can attack a wide range of biomolecules via direct oxidative reactions or indirect radical-mediated mechanisms thus triggering cellular responses leading to cell signaling, oxidative injury, committing cells to necrosis or apoptosis. Cellular DNA is an important target for ONOO- attack, and can react with deoxyribose, nucleobases or induces single strand breaks. The free radical-mediated damage to proteins results in the modification of amino acid residues, cross-linking of side chains and fragmentation. Free/protein-bound tyrosines are attacked by various reactive nitrogen species (RNS), including peroxynitrite, to form free/protein-bound nitrotyrosine (NT). The formation of NT represents a specific peroxynitrite-mediated protein modification, and the detection of NT in proteins is considered as a biomarker for endogenous peroxynitrite activity. The peroxynitrite-driven oxidation and nitration of biomolecules may lead to autoimmunity and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, peroxynitrite modified DNA and nitrated proteins can act as neoantigens and lead to the generation of autoantibodies against self-components in autoimmune disorders.
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Hussain A. Outbreaks of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in acute care: should we screen case-contacts already discharged to the community? – Argument against the motion. Infect Prev Pract 2019; 1:100002. [PMID: 34368668 PMCID: PMC8336166 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Vasas P, Nehemiah S, Hussain A, Finney J, Kirk K, Yeluri S, Balchandra S. Influence of Patient Choice on Outcome of Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2018; 28:483-488. [PMID: 28795291 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "perfect" bariatric procedure remains the topic of debate. The aim of this study is to compare the safety and outcome of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) to those of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and adjustable gastric band (AGB) in a single centre, amongst those patients who made their own choice of which procedure they prefer. METHODS After the multi-disciplinary team's assessment, the patients could make their own choice of procedures (self-selected, SS), unless medical/surgical conditions limited this (medically restricted, MR). All consecutive primary bariatric procedures were involved and reviewed between June 2010 and September 2014. The primary outcomes included 30-day complication and readmission rates, excess weight loss (%EWL) and co-morbidity resolution at 24 months postoperatively. RESULTS A total of 303 patients were included and 271 of them made their own choice (SS 90%). One hundred eighty-three chose LRYGB (60.4%), and 57 underwent LSG (SS 45 and MR 12; overall 18.8%), with the initial BMI of 50.7 and 52.5 kg/m2, respectively. Sixty-two patients (SS 43, MR 19, overall 20%) underwent AGB, with a BMI of 52.1 kg/m2. Thirty-day complication rates for LRYGB and LSG were 10.2 and 2.9% (p < 0.05), and the readmission rates were 4.7 and 2.9%, respectively. %EWL for LRYGB was significantly higher than that of other procedures at 24 months (67.8 vs SS-sleeve 43.9%, MR-sleeve 47%, SS-band 33.8% and MR-band 36%; FU rate 94%). Diabetes remission was achieved in 31/50 patients in the LRYGB group (62%) and 2/9 patients (22%) in the LSG group. CONCLUSIONS Self-selected bariatric procedures yield excellent weight loss and metabolic outcome. Providing an information-dense environment augments the choice of the right operation and could improve patients' compliance with weight loss surgery programmes.
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Abida W, Bryce A, Vogelzang N, Amato R, Percent I, Shapiro J, McDermott R, Hussain A, Patnaik A, Petrylak D, Ryan C, Stanton T, Zhang J, Simmons A, Despain D, Collins M, Golsorskhi T, Scher H, Chowdhury S. Preliminary results from TRITON2: A phase II study of rucaparib in patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) associated with homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene alterations. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy284.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chowdhury S, McDermott R, Piulats J, Shapiro J, Mejlholm I, Morris D, Ostler P, Hussain A, Dumbadze I, Goldfischer E, Pintus E, Benjelloun A, Gross M, Tejwani S, Chatta G, Font A, Loehr A, Simmons A, Watkins S, Abida W. Genomic profiling of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) and tumour tissue for the evaluation of rucaparib in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy284.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Zhu D, Liu W, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Chen Y, Li C, Kuang C, Fan J, Xu Y, Liu X, Hussain A. Enhancement of fluorescence emission difference microscopy using conjugated vortex phase modulation. J Microsc 2018; 272:151-159. [PMID: 30338534 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an improved fluorescence emission difference microscopy (FED) method, exploiting programmable phase modulation for image enhancement. The main novelty of the proposed approach lies in the matched size and intensity of two excitation spots. The proposed method improves the FED performance on image quality via artefact elimination. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method through theoretical studies and experimental tests. The experimental results of nanobeads and cells validate the practical performance of this method, which can enable reliable observations at superresolution in biomedical studies. LAY DESCRIPTION: In this paper, we propose a method to improve the imaging quality of regular fluorescence emission difference (FED) microscopy. In regular FED imaging, a solid and a doughnut excitation beam are successively used to acquire two images which are then subtracted with each other to improve the resolution of confocal microscopy. The doughnut beam can be generated by modulating the excitation beam with a vortex phase mask. Note that both of the excitation beam and the vortex phase mask must have the same handed direction in regular FED microscopy. However, some negative values may be produced and some information may be lost due to the subtraction process in regular FED imaging, which is mainly caused by the mismatched size and intensity of these two excitation spots. To address this issue, we propose conjugated FED (cFED) microscopy which additionally uses a conjugated vortex phase mask to modulate the solid beam to extend its focal spot size to be matched with the doughnut spot, which means the handed direction of the solid beam and the vortex phase mask is different. Besides, in order not to damage the resolution, the doughnut beam needs to be saturated to some degree. The experiment results show that, at the same resolution level, the negative values and the information loss in cFED image are all less than that of regular FED image.
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Chua K, Kuah C, Ng C, Yam L, Budhota A, Contu S, Kager S, Hussain A, Xiang L, Campolo D. Clinical and kinematic evaluation of the H-Man arm robot for post-stroke upper limb rehabilitation: Preliminary findings of a randomised controlled trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tavazzi G, Neskovic AN, Hussain A, Volpicelli G, Via G. A plea for an early ultrasound-clinical integrated approach in patients with acute heart failure. A proactive comment on the ESC Guidelines on Heart Failure 2016. Int J Cardiol 2018; 245:207-210. [PMID: 28874293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Association of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure (AHF) indicate prompt therapy initiation and performance of relevant investigations as paramount. Specifically, echocardiography prior to treatment is advocated only with hemodynamic instability, and the evaluation of clinical signs of peripheral perfusion and congestion is suggested as guidance for early interventions. Given the growing body of evidence on the diagnostic/monitoring capabilities of bedside ultrasound (including focused cardiac ultrasound, comprehensive echocardiography, lung ultrasound), we discuss the potential benefit of an integrated clinical/ultrasound approach at the very early stages of acute heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS We proposed a narrative review of the current evidence on the clinical-ultrasound integrated approach to AHF, with special emphasis on the components of the early diagnostic-therapeutic workup where cardiac, inferior vena cava and lung ultrasound showed high diagnostic accuracy and the capability of substantially changing an exclusively clinically-oriented patient management. A proactive comment to the ESC guidelines is made, suggesting an integration of clinical and biochemical assessment, as defined by guidelines, with combined bedside ultrasound on may help in the definition of AHF pathophysiology and treatment. CONCLUSION A multi-organ integrated clinical-ultrasound approach should be advocated as part of the clinical-diagnostic workup at AHF very early phase. Whenever competence and technology available, bedside ultrasound, along with clinical and biochemical assessment, should target AHF profiling, identify the cause of AHF, and subsequently aid disease course and response to treatment monitoring.
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Field J, Stone S, Orsini C, Hussain A, Vital S, Crothers A, Walmsley D. Curriculum content and assessment of pre-clinical dental skills: A survey of undergraduate dental education in Europe. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2018. [PMID: 28636116 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since 1981, the qualifications for various healthcare professionals across the European Union have enjoyed mutual recognition in accordance with the EU Directive 81/1057/EEC. Whilst the directive includes dental practitioners, it is recognised that significant variation exists in curriculum structure, content and scope of practice across institutions. This article aimed to explore pan-European practice in relation to curriculum content, teaching and learning strategies and assessment of pre-clinical dental skills. METHOD A request to complete an online questionnaire, in English, was sent electronically to skills leads at all Association of Dental Education in Europe member schools. The questionnaire collected information in relation to institution and country, regulatory requirements to demonstrate safety, details of specific pre-clinical skills courses, learning materials and teaching staff. RESULTS Forty-eight institutions, from 25 European countries responded. Seven countries (n=7, 28%) reported no requirement to demonstrate student operative safety prior to patient treatment. Several core and operative clinical skills are common to the majority of institutions. The most commonly taught core skills related directly to the clinical environment such as cross-infection control and hand washing. The least common were skills that indirectly related to patient care, such as communication skills and working as a team. CONCLUSION There are clear differences within European pre-clinical dental education, and greater efforts are needed to demonstrate that all European students are fit to practice before they start treating patients. Learning outcomes, teaching activities and assessment activities of pre-clinical skills should be shared collaboratively to further standardise curricula.
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Winzor G, Hussain A. Current strategies to detect, manage and control carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in NHS acute hospital trusts in the UK: time for a rethink? J Hosp Infect 2018; 100:13-14. [PMID: 29698740 PMCID: PMC7134447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hussain A, Fretwell L, Ruparelia K, Beresford K, Singh H. P189Effects of novel chalcone derivatives on human endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jiang Y, Lawrence M, Ansell MP, Hussain A. Cell wall microstructure, pore size distribution and absolute density of hemp shiv. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171945. [PMID: 29765652 PMCID: PMC5936917 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper, for the first time, fully characterizes the intrinsic physical parameters of hemp shiv including cell wall microstructure, pore size distribution and absolute density. Scanning electron microscopy revealed microstructural features similar to hardwoods. Confocal microscopy revealed three major layers in the cell wall: middle lamella, primary cell wall and secondary cell wall. Computed tomography improved the visualization of pore shape and pore connectivity in three dimensions. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) showed that the average accessible porosity was 76.67 ± 2.03% and pore size classes could be distinguished into micropores (3-10 nm) and macropores (0.1-1 µm and 20-80 µm). The absolute density was evaluated by helium pycnometry, MIP and Archimedes' methods. The results show that these methods can lead to misinterpretation of absolute density. The MIP method showed a realistic absolute density (1.45 g cm-3) consistent with the density of the known constituents, including lignin, cellulose and hemi-cellulose. However, helium pycnometry and Archimedes' methods gave falsely low values owing to 10% of the volume being inaccessible pores, which require sample pretreatment in order to be filled by liquid or gas. This indicates that the determination of the cell wall density is strongly dependent on sample geometry and preparation.
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Hussain A, Muthuvalu MS, Faye I. Numerical simulation of brain tumor growth model using two-stage Gauss-Seidel method. JOURNAL OF FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.4314/jfas.v9i6s.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Narayanan R, Majji A, Hussain N, Hussain A, Jalali S, Mathai A, Shah V. Characterization of Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 by Fundus Fluorescein Angiography in Indian Population. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 18:587-90. [DOI: 10.1177/112067210801800414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hussain A, Tahir Z, Qadri S, Habib A, Khalil M, Chaudhry M, Loubani M. Incidence of post-operative atrial fibrillation in thoracoscopic versus open lobectomy for lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(18)30211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hannan MA, Akhtar M, Begum RA, Basri H, Hussain A, Scavino E. Capacitated vehicle-routing problem model for scheduled solid waste collection and route optimization using PSO algorithm. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:31-41. [PMID: 29079284 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Waste collection widely depends on the route optimization problem that involves a large amount of expenditure in terms of capital, labor, and variable operational costs. Thus, the more waste collection route is optimized, the more reduction in different costs and environmental effect will be. This study proposes a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in a capacitated vehicle-routing problem (CVRP) model to determine the best waste collection and route optimization solutions. In this study, threshold waste level (TWL) and scheduling concepts are applied in the PSO-based CVRP model under different datasets. The obtained results from different datasets show that the proposed algorithmic CVRP model provides the best waste collection and route optimization in terms of travel distance, total waste, waste collection efficiency, and tightness at 70-75% of TWL. The obtained results for 1 week scheduling show that 70% of TWL performs better than all node consideration in terms of collected waste, distance, tightness, efficiency, fuel consumption, and cost. The proposed optimized model can serve as a valuable tool for waste collection and route optimization toward reducing socioeconomic and environmental impacts.
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Hussain A, Rizwan-Ul-Haq M, Al-Ayedh H, Aljabr AM. Toxicity and Detoxification Mechanism of Black Pepper and Its Major Constituent in Controlling Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Curculionidae: Coleoptera). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:685-693. [PMID: 28326461 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The survival, feeding response, and detoxification mechanism of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, a key pest responsible for destruction of date palm, was examined with different extracts of Piper nigrum and its major constituent (piperine) identified by GC-MS. In the present study, toxicity of different extracts of black pepper was evaluated by incorporating diffferent doses of extracts into the artificial diet of red palm weevil larvae. All extracts showed dose-dependent insecticidal activity to the tested eighth-instar red palm weevil larvae. Among all the extracts, maximum larvicidal activity was exhibited by chloroform (LD50 = 342.62 mg/l), followed by dichloromethane (LD50 = 357.78 mg/l), acetone (LD50 = 372.57 mg/l), and ethanol (LD50 = 408.88 mg/l). However, piperine, a major constituent of all black pepper extracts identified by GC-MS in the present work, was found to be the most potent treatment exhibiting the least LD50 (219.88 mg/l). In addition, nutritional indices evaluated by calculating the efficiency of the conversion of ingested food (ECI) and digested food (ECD) at the same dose (219.88 mg/l) showed that there was maximum reduction in the ECI (49.90%) and ECD (62.21%) index of larvae fed diets incorporated with piperine. Larvae that were fed diets incorporated with different black pepper extracts experienced increases in the expression of detoxification genes (glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450), and this upregulation in detoxification genes (glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450 and esterase) was tremendously high in larvae fed diets incorporated with piperine. Results suggest that piperine is a promising bio-pesticide agent for the control of R. ferrugineus Olivier.
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Tariq K, Noor M, Hori M, Ali A, Hussain A, Peng W, Chang CJ, Zhang H. Blue light-induced immunosuppression in Bactrocera dorsalis adults, as a carryover effect of larval exposure. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:734-741. [PMID: 28485267 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Detrimental effects of ultraviolet (UV) light on living organisms are well understood, little is known about the effects of blue light irradiation. Although a recent study revealed that blue light caused more harmful effects on insects than UV light and blue light irradiation killed insect pests of various orders including Diptera, the effects of blue light on physiology of insects are still largely unknown. Here we studied the effects of blue light irradiation on cuticular melanin in larval and the immune response in adult stage of Bactrocera dorsalis. We also evaluated the effects of blue light exposure in larval stage on various age and mass at metamorphosis and the mediatory role of cuticular melanin in carryover effects of larval stressors across metamorphosis. We found that larvae exposed to blue light decreased melanin contents in their exoskeleton with smaller mass and delayed metamorphosis than insects reared without blue light exposure. Across metamorphosis, lower melanotic encapsulation response and higher susceptibility to Beauveria bassiana was detected in adults that had been exposed to blue light at their larval stage, thereby constituting the first evidence that blue light impaired adult immune function in B. dorsalis as a carryover effect of larval exposure.
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