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Imam A, Ogunniyi A, Ibrahim A, Abdulmajeed WI, Aboyeji LO, Lawan AH, Sulaimon FA, Adana MY, Ajao SM. Dichlorvos Induced Oxidative and Neuronal Responses in Rats: Mitigative Efficacy of Nigella sativa (Black Cumin). Niger J Physiol Sci 2018; 33:83-88. [PMID: 30091737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poisoning from Organophosphates (OPs), especially Dichlorvos (DDVP) has become endemic due to theincreasing use in house hold and agricultural pests control, with most marked effects in the nervous system. However, it isevidenced that natural antioxidants are efficacious against OPs toxicity. Thus, this study investigated the possible antidotalefficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in Dichlovos (DDVP) induced oxidative and neuronal damages in Wistar rats. DDVPwas administered at sub-chronic daily dosage of 8.8 mg/kg.bw for 7 days and a post-administration of NSO at 1 ml/kg.bwfor the subsequent 7 days. The rats were euthanized on the 15thday, blood sample collected via cardiac puncture, centrifugedand the plasma used for biochemical analysis of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and totalreactive oxygen species (ROS), while the frontal, occipital and cerebellar cortices and the medulla were removed for histomorphological examinations. The results showed significant (P≤0.05) decrease in plasma TAC and GSH, while a significant(P≤0.05) increase in ROS was recorded, and some vacuolation around the neurons especially in the frontal and cerebellarcortices following DDVP exposure. However, post treatment with NSO was observed to be efficacious in the recovery ofthe oxidative activities and the neuro-architectural integrities. Thus, it can be concluded that the antioxidant capacity of NSOcould be efficacious against OPs induced oxidative damages, especially in dichlorvos accidents.
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hussein M, Khaled A, Ibrahim A, Soliman N, Attia S. Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveriabassiana And Metarhizium anisopliae on Peach Fruit Fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera:Tephritidae). EGYPTIAN ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, F. TOXICOLOGY & PEST CONTROL 2018. [DOI: 10.21608/eajbsf.2018.17020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Refaee T, Ibrahim A, Ibrahim H, Leijenaar R, Jochems A, Larue R, De Jong E, Verhaegen F, Dubois L, Lambin P. EP-2015: Radiomics can detect changes in lung after low dose irradiation: a preclinical study. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)32324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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104
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El-Deeb W, Iacob O, Fayez M, Elgioushy M, Shawaf T, Ibrahim A. Acute phase proteins, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, nitric oxide and oxidative stress markers in horses with cutaneous habronemosis under field condition. Vet Parasitol 2018; 255:20-25. [PMID: 29773131 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Habronemosis is a common parasitic disease of horses worldwide. In order to investigate how haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), oxidative stress markers, nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF- α), varies in cutaneous habronemosis, 30 horses with the clinical disease and 20 clinically healthy horses were included in the current study. The serum levels of Hp, SAA, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), NO, malondialdehyde (MDA), super oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined in horses before and after two weeks of treatment. The serum levels of Hp, SAA, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA were significantly elevated in infected horses as compared to the controls. Alternately, the serum levels of SOD, GSH, TAC and NO, were recorded low in infected horses as compared to the controls. All tested markers resumed the same levels after treatment as in control group. The Hp, SAA, IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA exhibited a high degree of clinical accuracy of the cases diagnosis. The area under the curve (AUC) for acute phase proteins (SAA, Hp), IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA was 0.87, 0.94, 0.96, 0.96 and 1.0, respectively. These findings showed that Hp, SAA, IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA may be supportive in the diagnosis of cutaneous habronemosis in horses and, simultaneously, they can also be used to monitor the progress of the treatment.
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Prendergast EA, Perkins S, Engel ME, Cupido B, Francis V, Joachim A, Al Kebsi M, Bode-Thomas F, Damasceno A, Abul Fadl A, El Sayed A, Gitura B, Kennedy N, Ibrahim A, Mucumbitsi J, Adeoye AM, Musuku J, Okello E, Olunuga T, Sheta S, Mayosi BM, Zühlke LJ. Participation in research improves overall patient management: insights from the Global Rheumatic Heart Disease registry (REMEDY). Cardiovasc J Afr 2018; 29:98-105. [PMID: 29570206 PMCID: PMC6008904 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2017-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a major public health problem in low– and middle–income countries (LMICs), with a paucity of high–quality trial data to improve patient outcomes. Investigators felt that involvement in a recent large, observational RHD study impacted positively on their practice, but this was poorly defined. Aim The purpose of this study was to document the experience of investigators and research team members from LMICs who participated in a prospective, multi–centre study, the global Rheumatic Heart Disease Registry (REMEDY), conducted in 25 centres in 14 countries from 2010 to 2012. Methods We conducted an online survey of site personnel to identify and quantify their experiences. Telephone interviews were conducted with a subset of respondents to gather additional qualitative data. We asked about their experiences, positive and negative, and about any changes in RHD management practices resulting from their participation in REMEDY as a registry site. Results The majority of respondents in both the survey and telephone interviews indicated that participation as a registry site improved their management of RHD patients. Administrative changes included increased attention to follow–up appointments and details in patient records. Clinical changes included increased use of penicillin prophylaxis, and more frequent INR monitoring and contraceptive counselling. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that participation in clinical research on RHD can have a positive impact on patient management. Furthermore, REMEDY has led to increased patient awareness and improved healthcare workers’ knowledge and efficiency in caring for RHD patients.
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Ali SR, Mohamedbhai H, Ibrahim A. Cutting and shutting - a novel method for wound closure following excision biopsy in areas of high skin tension. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018. [PMID: 29543061 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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107
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Ali M, Hashim N, Ibrahim A. The evaluations of facebook as an educational technology tools in polytechnic’s entrepreneurship courses. JOURNAL OF FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.4314/jfas.v9i6s.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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108
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Ibrahim A, Ahmad F, Hassan Z, Ali F. Strenght of expanded polystyrene (EPS)-sand as lightweight material in geotechnical engineeering. JOURNAL OF FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.4314/jfas.v9i3s.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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109
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Al-Hossainy AF, Kh. Thabet H, Zoromba MS, Ibrahim A. Facile synthesis and fabrication of a poly(ortho-anthranilic acid) emeraldine salt thin film for solar cell applications. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01204k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schematic diagram of the Au/PANA-ES/p-Si/Al heterojunction device.
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Mahe A, Muhammad Y, Ibrahim A, Muhammad A, Adam I, Atiku M, Imam A. In vivo and in vitro Toxicity Studies of Crude and Partially Purified Leaf Extracts of Jatropha curcas in Wistar Albino Rats. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2017/38137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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111
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Stratakis N, Gielen M, Margetaki K, Godschalk RW, van der Wurff I, Rouschop S, Ibrahim A, Antoniou E, Chatzi L, de Groot RHM, Zeegers MP. Polyunsaturated fatty acid levels at birth and child-to-adult growth: Results from the MEFAB cohort. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 126:72-78. [PMID: 29031398 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may influence childhood growth. However, available evidence mostly derived from short-term studies is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To assess whether fetal PUFA exposure is associated with height and body mass index (BMI), a common measure of adiposity, from 6 months to 23 years of age. METHODS In the MEFAB cohort, we assessed cord blood phospholipid n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels, reflecting fetal exposure in late pregnancy. For 250 (45.2% females) participants, we collected a total of 1770 (n= 802 for females) repeated growth measurements from infancy to young adulthood. We examined sex-specific associations of PUFAs with height and BMI at different developmental ages (infant: 6 months; toddler: 2 years; pre-schooler: 4 years; school-aged child: 7 years; adolescent: 12 years; and young adult: 23 years) using fractional polynomial mixed models adjusted for important covariates. RESULTS Higher n-3 PUFA levels were associated with higher infant length in males (β= 0.44cm [95% CI: 0.07, 0.82] per SD increase), whereas, for females, higher n-6 PUFA concentrations were associated with lower length in infancy (β= -0.69cm [95% CI: -1.08, -0.30] per SD increase). A higher ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFAs was associated with higher infant length in both sexes (β= 0.40cm [95% CI: 0.01, 0.78] and 0.42cm [95% CI: 0.05, 0.79] per unit increase for males and females, respectively). These associations were not detectable later in childhood and young adulthood. No associations with BMI were found at any time point examined. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a small sex-specific influence of PUFA status at birth on length in infancy, but this does not persist in later life up to young adulthood. PUFA status at birth does not seem to affect BMI from infancy till young adulthood.
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Kösek V, Geleva V, De Waele M, Milea SL, Ibrahim A, Wiebe K. P-211RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CHEST WALL WITH BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivx280.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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113
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Retailleau M, Pierrel J, Ibrahim A, Croutxé-Barghorn C, Allonas X. Sequenced click chemistry and photopolymerization: a new approach toward semi-interpenetrating polymer networks. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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114
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Ibrahim A, Babandi A, Sani A, Wudil A, Murtala Y, Umar I. HPLC profile, in vitro alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of Gymnema sylvestre ethyl acetate leaf extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v10i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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115
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Ibrahim A, Elsotohi I, Mahjoub S, Elatreisy A, Soliman K, Mabrouk M, Khalaf I. Factors determining perioperative complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A single center perspective. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.afju.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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116
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Cameli M, Mandoli G, Lisi E, Ibrahim A, Incampo E, Buccoliero G, Rizzo C, Devito F, Ciccone M, Mondillo S. P3335Atrial, ventricular and global atrio-ventricular longitudinal strain analysis in asymptomatic patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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117
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Kaddoura I, Abu-Sittah G, Ibrahim A, Karamanoukian R, Papazian N. Burn injury: review of pathophysiology and therapeutic modalities in major burns. ANNALS OF BURNS AND FIRE DISASTERS 2017; 30:95-102. [PMID: 29021720 PMCID: PMC5627559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a considerable decrease in their incidence worldwide, burn injuries remain one of the commonest forms of trauma and account for a weighty proportion of trauma cases in health-care emergencies around the globe. Although the latest data reveal a substantial decline in burn-related mortality and hospital admissions in the US over the past three decades, severe thermal injuries continue to trigger devastating morbidity and significant mortality while their management remains a dynamic challenge for the entire medical and paramedical community. Concrete evidence continues to be established regarding burn-associated pathophysiologic responses, and their destructive sequelae and deleterious effects in survivors at cellular, systemic as well as socio-economic level. Better understanding of these responses have contributed to advances in therapeutic strategies, improved long-term outcomes and catalyzed the reintegration of victims back into society. This paper describes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of a burn injury and characterizes both local and systemic pathophysiologic responses in terms of metabolic, hemodynamics, cardiac, renal, hepatic, gastro-intestinal, immunologic, endocrine as well as male reproductive systems in an attempt to understand the corresponding treatment modalities for this unique patient population.
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Mohamed K, Ibrahim A, Abd-Allah N. An optimized search for exoplanets with Kepler data. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS: CONFERENCE SERIES 2017; 869:012074. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/869/1/012074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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119
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El-Guebaly L, Wilson P, Henderson D, Sawan M, Sviatoslavsky G, Tautges T, Slaybaugh R, Kiedrowski B, Ibrahim A, Martin C, Raffray R, Malang S, Lyon J, Ku LP, Wang X, Bromberg L, Merrill B, Waganer L, Najmabadi F. Designing ARIES-CS Compact Radial Build and Nuclear System: Neutronics, Shielding, and Activation. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst54-747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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120
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El Cheikh J, Massoud R, Abudalle I, Haffar B, Mahfouz R, Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Jisr T, Mougharbel A, Ibrahim A, Bazarbachi A. Nivolumab salvage therapy before or after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in Hodgkin lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1074-1077. [PMID: 28394366 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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121
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Najmabadi F, Raffray AR, Abdel-Khalik SI, Bromberg L, Crosatti L, El-Guebaly L, Garabedian PR, Grossman AA, Henderson D, Ibrahim A, Ihli T, Kaiser TB, Kiedrowski B, Ku LP, Lyon JF, Maingi R, Malang S, Martin C, Mau TK, Merrill B, Moore RL, Peipert RJ, Petti DA, Sadowski DL, Sawan M, Schultz JH, Slaybaugh R, Slattery KT, Sviatoslavsky G, Turnbull A, Waganer LM, Wang XR, Weathers JB, Wilson P, Waldrop JC, Yoda M, Zarnstorffh M. The ARIES-CS Compact Stellarator Fusion Power Plant. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst54-655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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122
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Ajao MS, Abdussalam WA, Imam A, Amin A, Ibrahim A, Adana MY, Sulaimon FA, Atata JA. Histopathological and Biochemical evaluations of the antidotal efficacy of <i>Nigella sativa</i> oil on organophosphate induced hepato-toxicity. RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4314/rejhs.v5i1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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123
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Nazif H, Shatla R, Elsayed R, Tawfik E, Osman N, Korra S, Ibrahim A. Bone mineral density and insulin-like growth factor-1 in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Childs Nerv Syst 2017; 33:625-630. [PMID: 28236062 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-017-3346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have significant decrease linear growth rate and low bone mineral density (BMD). AIMS This study is to evaluate BMD in children with CP and its relation to the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). SUBJECTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 58 children suffering from spastic CP with the age range 4-12 years compared to 19 controls. All assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure BMD, serum level of IGF-1, and serum vitamin D. The patients were classified according to their GMFCS. RESULTS Fractures were reported in seven (12.1%) of cases. Our study demonstrated that, IGF-1 level and BMD decrease in correlation with the severity of CP. IGF-1correlates positively with serum vitamin D, BMI, and BMD. CP children with severe GMFCS level or who use anticonvulsive drugs are at a high risk for low BMD and low levels of IGF-1. CONCLUSION Both BMD and IGF-1 were significantly in low children with spastic CP; IGF-1 negatively correlates with the severity of osteopenia in children with spastic. Children with CP who are not independently ambulant or with severe GMFCS level or who use anticonvulsive drugs are at a high risk for developing low BMD.
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Sawan ME, McGeoch MW, Ibrahim A, Wilson P. Nuclear Assessment of Final Optics of a KrF Laser Driven Fusion Power Plant. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst07-a1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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125
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Okwesili AN, Onuigwe FU, Ibrahim K, Buhari H, Ibrahim A, Jafaru H, Erhabor O, Onuigwe FU, Isaac Z, Ahmed MH, Mainasara MY, Adias TC, Yeldu MH, Uko EK, Udoma F. Prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen among biomedical students of African descent in Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria. Hum Antibodies 2017; 23:57-62. [PMID: 27472863 DOI: 10.3233/hab-150282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B (HB) is a serious global public health problem that put health professionals particularly at risk. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among Biomedical Students of African descent attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto in North-Western Nigeria. METHODS The Onsite HBsAg (CTK Biotech, USA) was used to detect the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen. RESULTS We tested 186 consecutively-recruited students consisting of 147 males and 39 females aged 18-35 years (mean age 26 ± 2.0 years). Of the 186 students tested, 25 (13.4%) were positive for HBsAg. The prevalence of HBsAg was significantly higher among students in the 21-25 years age group. Hepatitis B vaccination uptake among students was 7%. Majority of subjects were single 173(93.1%) compared to married 13 (6.9%). Ethnic distribution of the subjects indicated that 104(55.9%) were Hausa compared to Yoruba 32 (17.2%), other ethnic groups 21(11.3%), Fulani 20(10.8%) and Igbo 9(4.8%). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among Biomedical students in Sokoto, North Western, Nigeria. Finding from this study is enough justification for the implementation of a policy to routinely test students entering into the biomedical professions for Hepatitis B virus infection. There is the need to provide hepatitis B vaccination universally to all those who are found negative prior to commencement of their biomedical training. There is also need to educate students entering biomedical professions and healthcare workers on the modes of transmission and prevention, importance of being compliant with protective vaccination as well as the need to observe universal precaution and infection control guidelines during their training and future professional practice.
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