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Basco MTG, Yiu WKK, Sumpio BE. QS163. Differential Effects on Endothelial Cells and Smooth Muscle Cells After Freezing and Rewarming. J Surg Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.12.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pressley ZM, Foster JK, Kolm P, Zhao L, Warren F, Weintraub W, Sumpio BE, Chen SC. Digital image analysis: a reliable tool in the quantitative evaluation of cutaneous lesions and beyond. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 143:1331-3. [PMID: 17938354 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.143.10.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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103
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Pradhan S, Elefteriades JA, Sumpio BE. Utility of the aortic fenestration technique in the management of acute aortic dissections. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 13:296-300. [PMID: 17954985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type B acute aortic dissection is not uncommonly encountered by cardiovascular and thoracic surgeons. However, the optimal treatment of patients, particularly those with visceral and renal vessel ischemia, is not well standardized. This is, in part, because of the high morbidity and mortality that continues to plague aortic replacement surgery in that setting. For this reason, other techniques have been investigated. Surgical aortic fenestration and percutaneous balloon fenestration are two attractive alternative solutions to this serious problem. We describe both procedures, illustrating their relative ease of performance, and review the most recent data regarding outcomes. Open surgical aortic fenestration is a quick and safe alternative to traditional operative strategies and has been shown to have both short-term and long-term effectiveness. Percutaneous balloon fenestration, although a more recent technique, appears to offer the same advantages as open fenestration with the added benefits of a minimally invasive approach. We believe that these two techniques can be safe and effective alternatives to medical management and aortic replacement surgery in properly selected patients.
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Yiu WK, Cheng SWK, Sumpio BE. Direct comparison of endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell response to supercooling and rewarming. J Vasc Surg 2007; 46:557-564. [PMID: 17826245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2007.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryoplasty combines mechanical dilatation with the delivery of hypothermia to atherosclerotic plaques. The response of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) to supercooling and subsequent rewarming is still not clear. This study investigated the differential effects of vascular cell survival and proliferation in an in vitro model simulating cryoplasty. METHODS Bovine aortic ECs and SMCs were cultured separately with medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The samples were supercooled to -10 degrees C for 0, 60, or 120 seconds on a cooling stage and then rewarmed in an incubator at 37 degrees C for 0, 6, 12, or 24 hours. Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated deoxy uridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation were used to measure the degree of apoptosis and proliferation respectively. Activation of protein kinase B (AKT), P70 S6 kinase, and P44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were assessed by Western blot and quantified using densitometry. Results are given as mean +/- standard error of mean and analyzed by analysis of variance. RESULTS SMC and EC apoptosis were significantly increased with increasing supercooling and rewarming time, with a higher rate in SMCs. SMC apoptosis was maximal at 60 seconds cooling, followed by 24 hours rewarming (17.05% +/- 0.44%), whereas maximal EC apoptosis was after 120 seconds cooling, followed by 24 hours rewarming (4.21% +/- 0.22%, P < .05). Higher AKT activation was observed in ECs, with a maximum obtained of 3.34-fold at 120 seconds cooling with 24 hours rewarming (P < .05); only modest activation was found in SMCs. ECs had a decreased proliferation with cooling and rewarming time, and although SMCs maintained their low proliferative rate, ECs still had a higher overall proliferation rate that was statistically significant at 60 and 120 seconds cooling without rewarming compared with noncooling and nonrewarming (P < .05). Both p70S6 kinase and p44/42 MAPK activities decreased in SMCs, with significant drop at 60 seconds cooling, followed by 12 hours rewarming (P < .05). However, ECs showed a significant rise of P70 S6 kinase activity at 60 seconds cooling with 12 hours rewarming by 1.62-fold and P44/42 MAPK at 120 seconds cooling with 24 hours rewarming by 1.74-fold (P < .05). CONCLUSION The higher apoptosis and lower proliferation of SMCs compared with ECs demonstrate the different effects of supercooling and rewarming on different vascular cell types. This information may be important in helping to understand the mechanism by which cryoplasty of atherosclerotic lesions may result in less restenosis.
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Basco MTG, Yiu W, Sumpio BE, Aruny JE. The Effects of Freezing versus Supercooling on the Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a69-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kadohama T, Nishimura K, Hoshino Y, Sasajima T, Sumpio BE. Effects of different types of fluid shear stress on endothelial cell proliferation and survival. J Cell Physiol 2007; 212:244-51. [PMID: 17323381 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We attempted to clarify the effect of different types of shear stress on endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and survival. Bovine aortic ECs were subjected to either steady laminar, 1 Hz pulsatile, or 1 Hz to and fro shear at 14 dyne/cm(2). % of BrdU positive EC was 14.3 +/- 1.6% in steady, 21.5 +/- 3.2% in pulsatile, and 11.4 +/- 2.4% in to and fro after 4 h, respectively (P < 0.05). Pulsatile shear compared with static control. Rapamycin reduced BrdU incorporation in all shear regimens (P < 0.001). However, it was still higher in EC exposed to pulsatile shear than the other regimens (P < 0.005). PD98059 completely abolished the increased BrdU incorporation in all shear regimens, including pulsatile shear. Pulsatile shear had significantly elevated ERK1/2 phosphorylation at 5 min compared with steady (P < 0.05) and to and fro shear (P < 0.01) while there was no significant difference in pp70(S6k) phosphorylation between any shear regimen. The ratio of apoptotic cells in serum deprived EC in the presence of steady laminar, pulsatile and to and fro shear for 4 h were 2.7 +/- 0.78%, 2.7 +/- 0.42%, and 2.9 +/- 0.62%, respectively while after the addition of serum for 4 h, it was 4.3 +/- 0.73%. All shear regimens phosphorylated AKT in a time-dependent manner with no significant difference between regimens. Our results demonstrate that different types of shear stress regimens have different effects on EC and may account for the variable response of EC to hemodynamics in the circulation.
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HIRAYAMA YO, Sumpio BE. Role of ligand specific integrins in endothelial cell alignment and elongation induced by cyclic strain. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.a752-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Cryosurgery dates back to the 19th century, with the description of the benefits of local application of cooling for conditions such as pain control. Once commercial liquefied gases became available, more progress was made in the use of cryotherapy for localized lesions. As understanding of disease response to freezing increased, safer techniques for performing freezing procedures helped prepare its clinical application in different clinical situations, such as prostate disease and bronchial cancers. Cryosurgical techniques are less invasive and have lower morbidity compared with surgical resection. However, the use of cryosurgery has been limited by a lack of good understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tissue destruction. To apply cryosurgery clinically, and to extend its use, it is important to understand the mechanisms of freeze injury on cells, and to control the thermal parameters.
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Hoshino Y, Nishimura K, Sumpio BE. Phosphatase PTEN is inactivated in bovine aortic endothelial cells exposed to cyclic strain. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:515-26. [PMID: 16927376 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hemodynamic forces, including cyclic strain (CS) and shear stress (SS), have been recognized as important modulators of vascular cell morphology and function. PTEN (also known as MMAC1/TEP1) is a lipid phosphatase that leads to a decrease in intracellular phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate (PIP3) and therefore can modulate the stimulating effect of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). In this study, we focused on the upstream regulators of the PI3K-Akt pathway by assessing Akt, PTEN, casein kinase 2 (CK2) (a kinase that catalyzes phosphorylation of PTEN), and PI3K activity in endothelial cells (EC) exposed to CS. The activity of phospho-PTEN (n = 4) and phospho-CK2 (n = 4) increased in a time-dependent fashion, reaching maximal activity by 10 min of CS stimulation. The peak of phospho-Akt activity (n = 4) occurred later, at 60 min. Akt activity was altered by transfection of EC with dominant negative PTEN plasmids. Furthermore, CS increased PIP3 immunoreactivity in a time-dependent manner, reaching maximal activity after 60 min of CS stimulation, and these effects were affected by transfection of EC with dominant negative PTEN plasmids. Inhibition of PTEN activity had no effect on CS-mediated cell proliferation but inhibited CS-mediated suppression of apoptosis.
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Fleck T, Gustafsson R, Harding K, Ingemansson R, Lirtzman MD, Meites HL, Moidl R, Price P, Ritchie A, Salazar J, Sjögren J, Song DH, Sumpio BE, Toursarkissian B, Waldenberger F, Wetzel-Roth W. The management of deep sternal wound infections using vacuum assisted closure (V.A.C.) therapy. Int Wound J 2006; 3:273-80. [PMID: 17199763 PMCID: PMC7951489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-481x.2006.00273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A group of international experts met in May 2006 to develop clinical guidelines on the practical application of vacuum assisted closure (V.A.C.)+ therapy in deep sternal wound infections. Group discussion and an anonymous interactive voting system were used to develop content. The recommendations are based on current evidence or, where this was not available, the majority consensus of the international group. The principles of treatment for deep sternal wound infections include early recognition and treatment of infection. V.A.C. therapy should be instigated early, following thorough wound irrigation and surgical debridement. V.A.C. therapy in deep sternal wound infections requires specialist surgical supervision and should only be undertaken by clinicians with adequate experience and training in the use of the technique.
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Yiu WK, Cheng SWK, Sumpio BE. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis Induced by “Supercooling” and Rewarming. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2006; 17:1971-7. [PMID: 17185696 DOI: 10.1097/01.rvi.0000244868.65867.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The underlying mechanisms for the reduction in restenosis caused by cryoplasty for peripheral atherosclerotic lesions are not well understood. Because vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are known to play a critical role in restenosis and neointimal hyperplasia, the aim of this study was to determine SMC survival under conditions of "supercooling" and/or rewarming. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine aortic SMCs were supercooled to -10 degrees C for 0, 60, or 120 seconds with a custom-designed conduction cooling stage and then rewarmed to 37 degrees C in an incubator for 0, 12, or 24 hours. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay was used to measure the degree of apoptosis. Activation of Akt (ie, protein kinase B), a key signal protein involved in cell survival, was assessed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS An increase in apoptotic SMCs was observed with increasing supercooling and rewarming time. Akt was significantly activated at only the most severe condition (120 seconds of supercooling and 24 hours of rewarming), which showed a 2.03-fold increase compared with the group without rewarming. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that SMC apoptosis occurs with supercooling and rewarming. Protective cell survival mechanisms were activated only late in the rewarming phase. This may partially explain the long-term patency observed with cryoplasty of atherosclerotic peripheral lesions.
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Kadohama T, Akasaka N, Nishimura K, Hoshino Y, Sasajima T, Sumpio BE. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in endothelial cell is implicated in cell alignment and elongation induced by fluid shear stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 13:43-50. [PMID: 16885066 DOI: 10.1080/10623320600660219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluid shear stress is thought to be important in maintaining the phenotype of endothelial cells (ECs) in vivo. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of varying levels of laminar shear stress on EC elongation and alignment and the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) on the morphologic change induced by shear stress. Cultured bovine aortic ECs were subjected to 1, 4, 7, 14, or 20 dyne/cm(2) laminar steady shear stress. On morphometric analysis of static ECs, the average orientation angle was 41 degrees , whereas after 24 h shear stress at 1, 4, 7, 14, and 20 dyne/cm(2) the angles were 34 degrees, 33 degrees, 16 degrees, 11 degrees, and 10 degrees, respectively. The shape index of static ECs was 0.76, whereas the indexes of ECs exposed to shear stress were 0.72, 0.72, 0.65, 0.50, and 0.47, respectively. The time and the magnitude of activation of p38 MAPK were dependent on the level of shear stress. The results indicate that a minimum shear stress of 7 to 14 dynes/cm(2) is necessary for cell alignment and elongation and this correlates with activity of p38 MAPK. ECs exposed to shear stress in the presence of the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB-203580 did not orient in any manner and the shape index was similar to the static cells.
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Sumpio BE, Cordova AC, Berke-Schlessel DW, Qin F, Chen QH. Green tea, the "Asian paradox," and cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Surg 2006; 202:813-25. [PMID: 16648021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Revised: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Nishimura K, Li W, Hoshino Y, Kadohama T, Asada H, Ohgi S, Sumpio BE. Role of AKT in cyclic strain-induced endothelial cell proliferation and survival. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 290:C812-21. [PMID: 16469863 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00347.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to repetitive cyclic strain (CS) in vivo by the beating heart. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of CS amplitude and/or frequency on EC proliferation and survival and to determine the role of AKT in CS-induced EC proliferation and survival. Cultured bovine aortic ECs were exposed to 10% strain at a frequency of 60 (60 cpm-10%) or 100 (100 cpm-10%) cycles/min or 15.6% strain at a frequency of 60 cycles/min (60 cpm-15.6%). AKT, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, BAD, and cleaved caspase-3 were activated by CS in ECs. Increasing the magnitude or frequency of strain resulted in an earlier phosphorylation of GSK-3β, although the magnitude of phosphorylation was similar. After CS at 60 cpm-10% for 24 h, the number of nontransfected ECs was significantly increased by 8.5% ( P < 0.05). We found that the number of apoptotic ECs was slightly decreased with exposure to CS. ECs transfected with kinase-dead AKT (KA179) as well as plasmids containing a point mutation in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT (RC25) not only prevented AKT, GSK-3β, and BAD phosphorylation but also inhibited the CS-induced increase in cell number as well as the CS-induced protection against apoptosis (both P < 0.05). The ratio of 5′-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine-positive cells was increased when ECs transfected with RC25 and KA179 as well as nontransfected ECs and ECs transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 were exposed to CS. We conclude that AKT is important in enhancing the survival of ECs exposed to CS but is not involved in EC proliferation.
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Ueno H, Pradhan S, Schlessel D, Hirasawa H, Sumpio BE. Nicotine Enhances Human Vascular Endothelial Cell Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 Via Protein Kinase C, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, NF-κB, and AP-1. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2006; 6:39-50. [PMID: 16845181 DOI: 10.1385/ct:6:1:39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Investigation into the etiology of atherosclerosis has identified cigarette smoking as a major risk factor. Although it has been established that cellular adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells is stimulated by nicotine, the mechanism by which this occurs is not clear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on the expression of the adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in endothelial cells and to determine the involvement of important known intermediaries, protein kinase C (PKC), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to 10-8 M nicotine for up to 24 h. Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and phosphorylation of p38 were examined by immunoblot. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed to determine NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation. We observed that nicotine increased the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with a peak at 6 h. p38 MAPK was activated after 5 min exposure to 10-8 mol/L nicotine and returned to baseline levels by 30 min. Exposure of HUVEC to nicotine resulted in a 4.1-fold increase of PKC activity at 5 min, which subsequently returned to control levels by 15 min. Nicotine (10-8 mol/L) also increased NF-kappaB and AP-1 activity. Inhibitors of p38 MAPK, PKC, and NF-kappaB suppressed nicotine-stimulated expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Our results indicate that nicotine enhances the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on the endothelial cell surface via a second messenger pathway which involves PKC and p38 MAPK-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1, resulting in increased expression of these cellular adhesion molecules.
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AlMahameed A, Ansell JE, Aquino M, Aruny J, Ayerdi J, Beckman JA, Belch JJ, Belkin M, Berk BC, Blei F, Blume P, Brass EP, Burke AP, Caplan LR, Cid MC, Coffman JD, Cooke JP, Creager MA, Criqui MH, Cronenwett JL, Davis MD, del Zoppo GJ, Donaldson MC, Eagleton MJ, Edwards MS, Fisher JE, Flohr TG, Freedman JE, Freischlag JA, Fulton DR, Gerhard-Herman M, Giswold ME, Goldhaber SZ, Goldstein I, Gornik HL, Gram CH, Gravereaux EC, Halperin JL, Hansen KJ, Hanzel G, Hiatt WR, Hobson RW, Hoffman GS, Iyer SS, Kane LB, Kang A, Kannel WB, Karamlou T, Kim NN, Klings ES, Kronzon I, Kucher N, Lam EY, Landry GJ, LeMaire SA, Lerman LO, Libby P, Lipton MJ, Loscalzo J, Machleder HI, Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, Mandel J, Menard MT, Menzoian JO, Merkel PA, Miller VM, Moneta GL, Munarriz R, Newburger JW, Ninomiya J, O'Gara P, Olin JW, O'Rourke ST, Ouriel K, Paszkowiak J, Patterson D, Raffetto JD, Raghow R, Rigberg DA, Rockson SG, Rooke TW, Roubin GS, Ruberg FL, Rzucidlo EM, Safian RD, Schoepf UJ, Seyer J, Sobieszczyk P, Srivastava SD, Stanton-Hicks M, Sumpio BE, Taylor AJ, Taylor LM, Textor SC, Thompson RW, Topper JN, Traish AM, Tunick PA, Upchurch GR, Valentine RJ, Vanhoutte PM, Virmani R, Vitek JJ, Wasserman SM, Weisz G, Welborn MB, White CJ, Wilson DB, Wolf PA, Yucel EK. CONTRIBUTORS. Vasc Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7216-0284-4.50003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Poussier B, Cordova AC, Becquemin JP, Sumpio BE. Resveratrol inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. J Vasc Surg 2005; 42:1190-7. [PMID: 16376213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2005.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In France, despite a high intake of dietary cholesterol and saturated fat, the cardiovascular death rate is one of the lowest among developed countries. This "French paradox" has been postulated to be related to the high red wine intake in France. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of resveratrol, a major polyphenol component of red wine, on vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in vitro. METHODS SMCs were exposed to 10(-6) to 10(-4) M resveratrol and cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting. Cell cycle analysis was done by treating cells with propidium iodide followed by flow-activated cell sorting. Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling staining. RESULTS We demonstrate that resveratrol inhibited bovine aortic SMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The lowest concentration of resveratrol resulting in a significant decrease in SMC proliferation compared with control was 10(-5) M. By flow cytometry, we observed a block in the G1-S phase of the SMC cycle. Resveratrol treatment also resulted in a dose-dependent apoptosis of SMCs but had no effects on SMC morphology. CONCLUSION The results indicated that vascular SMC proliferation could be inhibited by resveratrol through a block on G1-S phase and by an increase in apoptosis. It supports the conjecture that red wine consumption may have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular mortality. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results suggest that resveratrol inhibits, in a dose-dependent manner, smooth muscle cell proliferation, which may help to partially explain a beneficial effect of wine drinking. This inhibition is related to an early block in the cell cycle and also to a dose-dependent apoptotic effect. The present study demonstrates that resveratrol not only is an indirect marker of a healthy life style and alimentation but may also be directly responsible for the French paradox.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Blotting, Western
- Cattle
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA/analysis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Flow Cytometry
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- In Vitro Techniques
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/genetics
- Resveratrol
- Stilbenes/pharmacology
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Sumpio BE, Aruny J. Commentary. Cilostazol inhibits leukocyte integrin Mac-1, leading to a potential reduction in restenosis after coronary stent implantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 17:265-7. [PMID: 16273169 DOI: 10.1177/153100350501700317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kudo FA, Warycha B, Juran PJ, Asada H, Teso D, Aziz F, Frattini J, Sumpio BE, Nishibe T, Cha C, Dardik A. Differential responsiveness of early- and late-passage endothelial cells to shear stress. Am J Surg 2005; 190:763-9. [PMID: 16226955 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of vascular disease increases with age. Because atherosclerosis and neointimal hyperplasia colocalize in areas of disturbed shear stress, the effects of orbital shear stress (SS) on endothelial cell proliferation, protein kinase B (Akt) activation, and functional activity were analyzed using a senescence model. METHODS Early- (p3 to 7) and late- (p28 to 32) passage bovine aortic endothelial cells were exposed to orbital SS (210 rpm) or static conditions (0 to 5 days). Cell proliferation was directly counted and confirmed with proliferating cell nuclear antigen reactivity. Phosphorylated and total Akt were assessed with Western blotting. Endothelial cell-induced smooth muscle cell migration was assessed with a Boyden chamber. RESULTS Late-passage endothelial cells demonstrated no increase in orbital SS stimulated proliferation compared with early-passage cells (P = .42). Late-passage endothelial cells demonstrated decreased Akt phosphorylation in response to SS compared with early passage cells (n = 6, P = .01). Late-passage cells induced 26% less smooth muscle cell migration than early-passage cells (n = 3, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Late-passage endothelial cells demonstrate decreased proliferation, Akt phosphorylation, and secretion of smooth muscle cell chemoattractants in response to orbital SS compared with early passage cells. These results suggest that late-passage endothelial cells respond to SS differently than early-passage cells and confirm the utility of the in vitro senescence model.
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Weiss JS, Sumpio BE. Review of prevalence and outcome of vascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005; 31:143-50. [PMID: 16203161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2005.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 08/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Review the literature to determine the prevalence and outcome in patients with diabetes that undergo surgery to correct carotid artery stenosis, lower extremity arterial disease, and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). DESIGN AND MATERIALS Studies were obtained from searches over the past 15 years on the National Library of Medicine's online search engine. RESULTS The review demonstrated an equivalent prevalence of carotid artery stenosis requiring surgery in patients with diabetes, it favored no increase risk of post-CEA stroke, and it was split on perioperative morbidity and mortality risk. There was an increase prevalence of lower extremity arterial disease requiring surgery in patients with diabetes, it favored equivalent patency and limb salvage rates, and it was split on the morbidity and mortality risk. The review demonstrated a decrease in AAA prevalence among patients with diabetes, it found an increase in the morbidity risk, and equivalent mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS Stroke, graft patency, and limb salvage rates in patients with diabetes after surgery are similar to patients without diabetes; however, their risk of complications is increased after surgery and the mortality risk may be higher after CEA.
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Asada H, Paszkowiak J, Teso D, Alvi K, Thorisson A, Frattini JC, Kudo FA, Sumpio BE, Dardik A. Sustained orbital shear stress stimulates smooth muscle cell proliferation via the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 pathway. J Vasc Surg 2005; 42:772-80. [PMID: 16242567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2005.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonlaminar shear stress stimulates smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration in vivo, especially after an endothelial-denuding injury. To determine whether sustained shear stress directly stimulates SMC proliferation in vitro, the effect of orbital shear stress on SMC proliferation, phenotype, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation was examined. METHODS Bovine SMCs were exposed to orbital shear stress (210 rpm) for up to 10 days, with and without the ERK1/2 upstream pathway inhibitor PD98059 (10 microM) or the p38 pathway inhibitor SB203580 (10 microM). Proliferation was directly counted and assessed with proliferation cell nuclear antigen. Western blotting was used to assess activation of SMC ERK1/2 and SMC phenotype markers. RESULTS SMCs exposed to sustained orbital shear stress (10 days) had 75% increased proliferation after 10 days compared with static conditions. Expression of markers of the contractile phenotype (alpha-actin, calponin) was decreased, and markers of the synthetic phenotype (vimentin, beta-actin) were increased. ERK1/2 was phosphorylated in the presence of orbital shear stress, and orbital shear-stress-stimulated SMC proliferation was inhibited in the presence of PD98059 but sustained in the presence of SB203580. Orbital shear-stress-induced changes in SMC phenotype were also inhibited in the presence of PD98059. CONCLUSION Orbital shear stress directly stimulates SMC proliferation in long-term culture in vitro and is mediated, at least partially, by the ERK1/2 pathway. The ERK1/2 pathway may also mediate the orbital shear-stress-stimulated switch from SMC contractile to synthetic phenotype. These results suggest that shear-stress-stimulated SMC proliferation after vascular injury is mediated by a pathway amenable to pharmacologic manipulation.
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Liu SQ, Alkema PK, Tieché C, Tefft BJ, Liu DZ, Li YC, Sumpio BE, Caprini JA, Paniagua M. Negative regulation of monocyte adhesion to arterial elastic laminae by signal regulatory protein alpha and Src homology 2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:39294-301. [PMID: 16159885 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m503866200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastic laminae are extracellular matrix constituents that not only contribute to the stability and elasticity of arteries but also play a role in regulating arterial morphogenesis and pathogenesis. We demonstrate here that an important function of arterial elastic laminae is to prevent monocyte adhesion, which is mediated by the inhibitory receptor signal regulatory protein (SIRP) alpha and Src homology 2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-1. In a matrix-based arterial reconstruction model in vivo, elastic laminae were resistant to leukocyte adhesion and transmigration compared with the collagen-dominant arterial adventitia. The density of leukocytes within the elastic lamina-dominant media was about 58-70-fold lower than that within the adventitia from 1 to 30 days. An in vitro assay confirmed the inhibitory effect of elastic laminae on monocyte adhesion. The exposure of monocytes to elastic laminae induced activation of SIRP alpha, which in turn activated SHP-1. Elastic lamina degradation peptides extracted from arterial specimens could also activate SIRP alpha and SHP-1. The knockdown of SIRP alpha and SHP-1 by specific small interfering RNA diminished the inhibitory effect of elastic laminae, resulting in a significant increase in monocyte adhesion. These observations suggest that SIRP alpha and SHP-1 potentially mediate the inhibitory effect of elastic laminae on monocyte adhesion.
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Kakisis JD, Pradhan S, Cordova A, Liapis CD, Sumpio BE. The role of STAT-3 in the mediation of smooth muscle cell response to cyclic strain. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 37:1396-406. [PMID: 15833272 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2005.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2004] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hemodynamic forces, including shear stress and cyclic strain, have been recognised as important modulators of vascular cell morphology and function. However, the mechanism by which vascular cells sense and transduce the extracellular mechanical signals into the cell nucleus has not yet been clarified. The purpose of our study was to assess the involvement of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) in the signaling pathway mediating the response of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) to cyclic strain. Embryonic A7r5 SMC derived from thoracic aortas of DB1X rats were seeded on flexible collagen I-coated plates. Cells were subjected to 10% average strain at 60 cycles/min for various time periods. Activation of STAT-3, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and Src was assessed by immunoblotting using phosphospecific antibodies. The interactions between STAT-3 phosphorylation and p38, ERK1/2, phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Janus kinase (JAK) 2 and Src were evaluated by pretreating the cells with specific inhibitors including SB202190, PD98059, LY294002, wortmannin, rapamycin, AG490 and PP1. Serine phosphorylation of STAT-3 was increased by 2-fold after 15 min of cyclic strain, while tyrosine phosphorylation was increased by 2.3-fold after 60 min. Inhibition of ERK1/2 by PD98059 prevented serine phosphorylation of STAT-3, whereas inhibition of Src by PP1 prevented STAT-3 tyrosine phosphorylation. Pretreating the cells with SB202190, a specific inhibitor of p38, resulted in an increase in basal phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and a subsequent increase in basal serine phosphorylation of STAT-3. In conclusion, both serine and tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT-3 are involved in the signaling pathway mediating the effects of cyclic strain on vascular SMC. Serine phosphorylation of STAT-3 is mediated by ERK1/2, while tyrosine phosphorylation is mediated by Src. A negative feedback loop was also found between p38 and ERK1/2.
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Di Luozzo G, Pradhan S, Dhadwal AK, Chen A, Ueno H, Sumpio BE. Nicotine induces mitogen-activated protein kinase dependent vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Atherosclerosis 2005; 178:271-7. [PMID: 15694934 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2004] [Revised: 08/27/2004] [Accepted: 09/10/2004] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke, specifically the nicotine contained within, has been shown to cause ultrastructural changes in vascular endothelium resulting in the development of atherosclerosis. Our study examines the effects of nicotine on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and attempts to eludicidate the cellular mechanisms governing those effects. Bovine aortic VSMC were cultured in 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) growth media and exposed to 10(-8) nicotine for varying periods of time. Boyden chamber chemotaxis assays and a scrape injury model using confluent cells were used to assess cell motility. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), p38 and p44/42, was assessed using Western blotting methods. Nicotine, itself, did not cause significant VSMC migration. However, augmented migration was seen in nicotine-treated VSMCs (16.6+/-3-fold) and media (17.0+/-4-fold) with 10% FBS as chemoattractant. Inhibitors of p38 and p44/42 diminished this migration by 48.5+/-6% and 29.4+/-2%, respectively. Immunoblotting verified p38 and p44/42 activation with nicotine and inhibition with inhibitors of p38 and p44/42. Nicotine-treated endothelial cell (EC) conditioned media (CM) was shown to increase migration 20.3+/-l.l-fold. This chemotactic effect was diminished both with heat treatment and serial dilution. In conclusion, nicotine enhances the chemoatactiveness of VSMC. This migration is mediated via the MAPKs p38 and p44/42. Nicotine causes EC production of a chemoattractant molecule that enhances VSMC migration.
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