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McGreevy A, Millar L, Murphy B, Davison GW, Brown R, O'Donnell ME. The effect of sporting events on emergency department attendance rates in a district general hospital in Northern Ireland. Int J Clin Pract 2010; 64:1563-1569. [PMID: 20846204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported a conflicting relationship between the effect of live and televised sporting events on attendance rates to emergency departments (ED). The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship of major sporting events on emergency department attendance rates and to determine the potential effects of such events on service provision. METHODS A retrospective analysis of ED attendances to a district general hospital (DGH) and subsequent admissions over a 24-h period following live and televised sporting activities was performed over a 5-year period. Data were compiled from the hospital's emergency record books including the number of attendances, patient demographics, clinical complaint and outcome. Review patients were excluded. Analysis of sporting events was compiled for live local, regional and national events as well as world-wide televised sporting broadcasts. RESULTS A total of 137,668 (80,445 men) patients attended from April 2002 to July 2007. Mean attendance rate per day was 80 patients (men = 47). Mean admission rate was 13.6 patients per day. Major sporting events during the study period included; Soccer: 4 FA Cup and 1 World Cup (WC) finals; Rugby: 47 Six Nations, 25 Six nations games involving Ireland, 1 WC final, 2 WC semi-finals, 2 WC quarter-finals and 4 WC games involving Ireland; and Gaelic Football [Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA)]: 5 All-Ireland finals, 11 semi-finals, 11 quarter-finals and 5 provincial finals. There was a significantly higher patient admission rate during the soccer FA Cup final, Rugby Six Nations and games involving Ireland and for GAA semi- and quarter-final games (p = 0.001-0.01). There was no difference identified in total attendance or non-admission rates for sporting events throughout the study period. Although there was no correlation identified between any of these sporting events and total emergency department attendances (r < 0.15, p > 0.07), multinomial logistic regression demonstrated that FA Cup final (p = 0.001), Rugby Six Nations (p = 0.019), Rugby WC games involving Ireland (p = 0.003), GAA All-Ireland semi- and quarter-finals (p = 0.016; p = 0.016) were predictors of patient admission rates. CONCLUSION This study suggests that live or televised sporting events do not significantly affect ED attendances to a DGH. However, some events appeared to be predictors of patient admission rates. Although it may be beneficial to consider the effect of sporting events on service stratification during these periods, the overall effect is probably minimal and should not create a major concern for future service provision despite the implementation of the European Working Time Directive.
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Gurkan S, Luan Y, Dhillon N, Allam SR, Montague T, Bromberg JS, Ames S, Lerner S, Ebcioglu Z, Nair V, Dinavahi R, Sehgal V, Heeger P, Schroppel B, Murphy B. Immune reconstitution following rabbit antithymocyte globulin. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:2132-2141. [PMID: 20883548 PMCID: PMC4076707 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Depletional induction therapies are routinely used to prevent acute rejection and improve transplant outcome. The effects of depleting agents on T-cell subsets and subsequent T-cell reconstitution are incompletely defined. We used flow cytometry to examine the effects of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) on the peripheral T-cell repertoire of pediatric and adult renal transplant recipients. We found that while rATG effectively depleted CD45RA+CD27+ naïve and CD45RO+CD27+ central memory CD4+ T cells, it had little effect on CD45RO+CD27- CD4+ effector memory or CD45RA+CD31-, CD45RO+CD27+ and CD45RO+CD27- CD8+ T cell subsets. When we performed a kinetic analysis of CD31+ recent thymic emigrants and CD45RA+/RO+ T cells, we found evidence for both thymopoiesis and homeostatic proliferation contributing to immune reconstitution. We additionally examined the impact of rATG on peripheral CD4+Foxp3+ T cells. We found that in adults, administration of rATG-induced peripheral expansion and new thymic emigration of T cells with a Treg phenotype, while CD4+Foxp3+ T cells of thymic origin predominated in children, providing the first evidence that rATG induces Treg in vivo. Collectively our data indicate that rATG alters the balance of regulatory to memory effector T cells posttransplant, providing an explanation for how it positively impacts transplant outcome.
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Arzi B, Murphy B, Baumgarth N, Vapniarsky N, Nemec A, Naydan DK, Cox DP, Verstraete FJM. Analysis of Immune Cells within the Healthy Oral Mucosa of Specific Pathogen-Free Cats. Anat Histol Embryol 2010; 40:1-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wharton M, Geary M, O’Connor N, Murphy B. A rapid High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of seven UV filters found in sunscreen and cosmetics. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010; 33:164-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xu PJ, Xiao JH, Xia QY, Murphy B, Huang DW. Apis mellifera has two isoforms of cytoplasmic HSP90. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 19:593-597. [PMID: 20522122 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.01015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Unlike most other insects, annotated genomic data suggest that Apis mellifera has two homologous copies of the cytoplasmic gene HSP90. In this study, we did a phylogenetic analysis on these two copies with some other insects HSP90 genes, and we also manipulated a reverse transcript (RT)-PCR to find all the putative transcripts for both copies. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that A. mellifera possesses two isoforms of cytoplasmic HSP90: The 'traditional' isoform clusters with cytoplasmic HSP90 of other insects. The other isoform, which occurs phylogenetically as the sister group of all insects, may be a new gene and specific to A. mellifera. The results of RT-PCR indicate that this new isoform contains at least eight transcripts derived from the same genomic locus by complicated alternative splicing (GenBank accession numbers: FJ713701, FJ713702, FJ713703, FJ713704, FJ713705, FJ713706, FJ713707 and FJ713708, respectively). The existence of this specific HSP90 might be related to the caste differentiation of bees.
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Hoener M, Fang L, Kornilov O, Gessner O, Pratt ST, Gühr M, Kanter EP, Blaga C, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Bucksbaum PH, Buth C, Chen M, Coffee R, Cryan J, Dimauro L, Glownia M, Hosler E, Kukk E, Leone SR, McFarland B, Messerschmidt M, Murphy B, Petrovic V, Rolles D, Berrah N. Ultraintense x-ray induced ionization, dissociation, and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:253002. [PMID: 20867372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.253002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sequential multiple photoionization of the prototypical molecule N2 is studied with femtosecond time resolution using the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). A detailed picture of intense x-ray induced ionization and dissociation dynamics is revealed, including a molecular mechanism of frustrated absorption that suppresses the formation of high charge states at short pulse durations. The inverse scaling of the average target charge state with x-ray peak brightness has possible implications for single-pulse imaging applications.
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Schmidt A, Casey R, Schappell E, Thumar B, Bartlett E, Nutt A, Collins P, Murphy B, Karron R. Klinische Evaluierung neuer rekombinanter Lebendimpfstoffe gegen die Humanen Parainfluenzaviren Typ 1, 2 und 3 (HPIV1–3). KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1261301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Murphy B, McElliott V, Vapniarsky N, Oliver A, Rowe J. Tissue tropism and promoter sequence variation in caprine arthritis encephalitis virus infected goats. Virus Res 2010; 151:177-84. [PMID: 20466024 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is a lentivirus that infects goats and is closely related to maedi-visna virus of sheep. Infection with CAEV results in multiple discrete disease manifestations in goats which can include chronic arthritis, mastitis, pneumonia or encephalomyelitis. Presently, no satisfactory mechanistic rationale for viral tropism has been put forward. We propose that specific sequences in the lentiviral promoter (U3 region of the viral long terminal repeat) are associated with viral tissue tropism and subsequent disease expression. A total of 41 distinct CAE viral promoter regions were amplified, sequenced and phylogenetically compared from the tissues of 24 CAEV-infected goats demonstrating a variety of disease manifestations. Phylogenetically, we identified no tendency for clustering of these promoter sequences into tissue-specific groups. These results therefore do not provide evidence for the study hypothesis. However, multiple motifs within the U3 promoter region were highly conserved both within the entire collection of sequences and within tissue-specific groups.
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Spengler DM, Osborne RH, Ebeling PR, Wark JD, Mitchell P, Wriedt C, Graves S, Staples MP, Murphy B, Spengler DM. Vertebroplasty was not effective for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010; 92:1263. [PMID: 20439677 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.9205.ebo443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Humar A, Morris M, Blumberg E, Freeman R, Preiksaitis J, Kiberd B, Schweitzer E, Ganz S, Caliendo A, Orlowski JP, Wilson B, Kotton C, Michaels M, Kleinman S, Geier S, Murphy B, Green M, Levi M, Knoll G, Segev DL, Brubaker S, Hasz R, Lebovitz DJ, Mulligan D, O'Connor K, Pruett T, Mozes M, Lee I, Delmonico F, Fischer S. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) of organ donors: is the 'best' test the right test? A consensus conference report. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:889-899. [PMID: 20121734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid testing (NAT) for HIV, HBV and HCV shortens the time between infection and detection by available testing. A group of experts was selected to develop recommendations for the use of NAT in the HIV/HBV/HCV screening of potential organ donors. The rapid turnaround times needed for donor testing and the risk of death while awaiting transplantation make organ donor screening different from screening blood-or tissue donors. In donors with no identified risk factors, there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine NAT, as the benefits of NAT may not outweigh the disadvantages of NAT especially when false-positive results can lead to loss of donor organs. For donors with identified behavioral risk factors, NAT should be considered to reduce the risk of transmission and increase organ utilization. Informed consent balancing the risks of donor-derived infection against the risk of remaining on the waiting list should be obtained at the time of candidate listing and again at the time of organ offer. In conclusion, there is insufficient evidence to recommend universal prospective screening of organ donors for HIV, HCV and HBV using current NAT platforms. Further study of viral screening modalities may reduce disease transmission risk without excessive donor loss.
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O'Carroll M, Gallagher A, Murray D, Murphy B, Irvine A, Hourihane JO. Correlation of Neonatal Skin Barrier Function with Family Atopy Profile. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rogerson M, Morris T, Murphy B. Physical activity and depression in cardiac patients following a 12-week physical activity adherence intervention. J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Murphy B, Rogerson M, Worcester M, Elliott P, Higgins R, Le Grande M, Goble A. Is Mild In-Hospital Depression a Better Predictor of Mortality than Moderate/Severe Depression? A 12-Year Follow-Up Study of Female Cardiac Patients. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Allott K, Canny BK, Broadbear JH, Stepto NK, Murphy B, Redman J. Neuroendocrine and subjective responses to pharmacological challenge with citalopram: a controlled study in male and female ecstasy/MDMA users. J Psychopharmacol 2009; 23:759-74. [PMID: 18562414 DOI: 10.1177/0269881108092336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence that +/-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 'ecstasy') causes persistent alterations to the serotonergic system of animals, evidence for long-term neurological effects of ecstasy/MDMA in humans remains equivocal. The current study assessed serotonin functioning of nine male and 11 female recreational ecstasy polydrug users by measuring neuroendocrine (prolactin, cortisol) responses to pharmacological challenge with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram, compared with nine male and five female cannabis polydrug users and 11 male and 11 female non-drug using controls. A single-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled design was used. Subjective responses, other substance use, mood, personality traits and demographic variables were measured to control for potentially confounding variables. There were no significant differences between ecstasy polydrug users, cannabis polydrug users and non-drug using controls in neuroendocrine or subjective responses to serotonergic challenge, and there were no sex by drug group interactions. There was no relationship between extent of ecstasy use and neuroendocrine functioning, alone or in combination with potential confounding variables. Subjective responses to the pharmacological challenge (nausea, tremor, dry mouth), novelty seeking and lifetime dose of alcohol were the only variables that contributed to one or more of the neuroendocrine outcome variables. These data do not support the premise that recreational ecstasy/MDMA use results in measurable impairment of serotonergic control of endocrine activity.
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Murphy B, Vincenti F, Meier-Kriesche HU. The AST's perspective on the proposed kidney allocation system. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:1500. [PMID: 19459789 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Gueye P, Velasco C, Keppel C, Murphy B, Sinesi C. SU-FF-T-390: In-Vivo Prostate Brachytherapy Absorbed Dose Measurements. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Sawinski D, Wyatt CM, Casagrande L, Myoung P, Bijan I, Akalin E, Schröppel B, DeBoccardo G, Sehgal V, Dinavahi R, Lerner S, Ames S, Bromberg J, Huprikar S, Keller M, Murphy B. Factors associated with failure to list HIV-positive kidney transplant candidates. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:1467-71. [PMID: 19459817 PMCID: PMC2742975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With improved survival in the antiretroviral era, data from ongoing studies suggest that HIV patients can be safely transplanted. The disproportionate burden of HIV-related end-stage renal disease in minority populations may impose additional obstacles to successful completion of the transplant evaluation. We retrospectively reviewed 309 potentially eligible HIV patients evaluated for kidney transplant at our institution since 2000. Only 20% of HIV patients have been listed, compared to 73% of HIV-negative patients evaluated over the same period (p < 0.00001). Failure to provide documentation of CD4 and viral load (36% of candidates) was the most common reason for failure to progress beyond initial evaluation. Other factors independently associated with failure to complete the evaluation included CD4 < 200 at initial evaluation (OR 15.17; 95% CI 1.94-118.83), black race (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.07-5.06), and history of drug use (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.22-5.37). More efficient medical record sharing and an awareness of factors associated with failure to list HIV-positive transplant candidates may enable transplant centers to more effectively advocate for these patients.
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Kottschade LA, Sloan JA, Mazurczak MA, Johnson DB, Murphy B, Rowland KM, Smith DA, Berg A, Stella PJ, Loprinzi CL. The use of vitamin E for prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A phase III double-blind, placebo controlled study—N05C3 1. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9532 Background: Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) continues to be a substantial problem for many cancer patients (pts). Pursuant to promising appearing pilot data, the current study evaluated the use of vitamin E for the prevention of CIPN. Methods: A phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study was conducted in pts undergoing therapy with neurotoxic chemotherapy, utilizing twice daily dosing of vitamin E (400mg)/placebo. The primary endpoint was the incidence of grade 2+ sensory neuropathy (SN) toxicity (CTCAE v 3.0) in each treatment arm, analyzed by Chi-square testing. Major eligibility criteria included: planned curative intent adjuvant chemotherapy with neurotoxic chemotherapy, ≥ 18 years of age, ECOG PS of ≤2, no existing peripheral neuropathy or coronary artery disease, no prior treatment with neurotoxic chemotherapy, and no concurrent treatment with neuropathic or opioid pain medication. Planned sample size was 100 patients per arm, to provide 80% power to detect a difference in incidence of grade 2+ SN toxicity from 25% in the placebo group to 10% in the vitamin E group. Results: Two-hundred seven pts were enrolled between 12/01/2006 and 12/14/2007. Cytotoxic agents included taxanes (109), cisplatin (8), carboplatin (2), oxaliplatin (50) or combination (20). Eleven pts canceled prior to starting treatment and there were 7 ineligible pts on study. Thus there were 189 evaluable pts included in the current analysis. In this analysis, there was no difference in the incidence of grade 2+ SN between the 2 arms (vitamin E- 34% [95% CI- 25.0–44.8%] placebo- 29% [20.1–39.4%]; P=0.43). There, likewise, were no significant differences between treatment arms for time to onset of neuropathy (P= 0.72), for chemotherapy dose reductions due to neuropathy (P= 0.21) or patient questionnaire reported neuropathy symptoms. The treatment was well tolerated overall. Conclusions: Vitamin E did not appear to reduce the incidence of sensory neuropathy in the studied group of patients receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy but it appeared to be well tolerated. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Sawinski D, Wyatt CM, Casagrande L, Myoung P, Bijan I, Akalin E, Schröppel B, DeBoccardo G, Sehgal V, Dinavahi R, Lerner S, Ames S, Bromberg J, Huprikar S, Keller M, Murphy B. Factors associated with failure to list HIV-positive kidney transplant candidates. Am J Transplant 2009. [PMID: 21967703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With improved survival in the antiretroviral era, data from ongoing studies suggest that HIV patients can be safely transplanted. The disproportionate burden of HIV-related end-stage renal disease in minority populations may impose additional obstacles to successful completion of the transplant evaluation. We retrospectively reviewed 309 potentially eligible HIV patients evaluated for kidney transplant at our institution since 2000. Only 20% of HIV patients have been listed, compared to 73% of HIV-negative patients evaluated over the same period (p < 0.00001). Failure to provide documentation of CD4 and viral load (36% of candidates) was the most common reason for failure to progress beyond initial evaluation. Other factors independently associated with failure to complete the evaluation included CD4 < 200 at initial evaluation (OR 15.17; 95% CI 1.94-118.83), black race (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.07-5.06), and history of drug use (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.22-5.37). More efficient medical record sharing and an awareness of factors associated with failure to list HIV-positive transplant candidates may enable transplant centers to more effectively advocate for these patients.
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Wall R, Ross R, Ryan C, Hussey S, Murphy B, Fitzgerald G, Stanton C. Role of gut microbiota in early infant development. CLINICAL MEDICINE. PEDIATRICS 2009; 3:45-54. [PMID: 23818794 PMCID: PMC3676293 DOI: 10.4137/cmped.s2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early colonization of the infant gastrointestinal tract is crucial for the overall health of the infant, and establishment and maintenance of non-pathogenic intestinal microbiota may reduce several neonatal inflammatory conditions. Much effort has therefore been devoted to manipulation of the composition of the microbiota through 1) the role of early infant nutrition, particularly breast milk, and supplementation of infant formula with prebiotics that positively influence the enteric microbiota by selectively promoting growth of beneficial bacteria and 2) oral administration of probiotic bacteria which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. While the complex microbiota of the adult is difficult to change in the long-term, there is greater impact of the diet on infant microbiota as this is not as stable as in adults. Decreasing excessive use of antibiotics and increasing the use of pre- and probiotics have shown to be beneficial in the prevention of several important infant diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis and atopic eczema as well as improvement of short and long-term health. This review addresses how the composition of the gut microbiota becomes established in early life, its relevance to infant health, and dietary means by which it can be manipulated.
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Lenehan B, Street J, Murphy B, Brennan L, McHugh P, Curtin W. A biomechanical study comparing the compressive forces generated by a conventional 4.5 AO/ASIF cortical lag screw with a differentially pitched cortical compression screw. Acta Bioeng Biomech 2009; 11:31-35. [PMID: 19739590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the interfragmentary compression generated across a simulated femoral fracture model by a conventional 4.5 mm AO/ASIF cortical lag screw with a differentially pitched cortical compression screw. A 45-degree osteotomy was made in a whole bone composite femoral shaft, this was internally fixed with either a conventional 4.5 mm AO/ASIF cortical lag screw or the differentially pitched cortical screw and the compressive force generated at the fracture site measured on an Instron 8874 Axial/Torsion Servohydraulic Testing System. The mean interfragmentary compression generated by the differentially pitched screw was 81.4% of that generated by the 4.5 mm AO/ASIF cortical lag screw. The 4.5 mm AO/ASIF cortical screw produces a steep rise in compression per turn of the screw. The screw based on the differential pitch design creates a more gradual increase to peak compression. The resistance to torque was greater for the AO screw than for the differential pitch screw. Maximal interfragmentary compression is achieved within 4 180 degrees turns after the head engages the near cortex for the 4.5 mm AO/ASIF screw but required 5 180 degrees turns for the differentially pitched screw. Interfragmentary compression is achievable in cortical bone using differential pitch technology. A differentially pitched screw offers obvious advantages over a conventional screw allowing independent placement of lag screw and neutralisation plate, without needing additional exposure of the fracture site, limiting the insult to local fracture biology. It is proposed as an adjunct to osteosynthesis in long bone fractures.
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Murphy B. Using a Protocol to Decrease Device Days and Inappropriate Catheter Use. Geriatr Nurs 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2008.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Huynh TJ, Murphy B, Pettersen JA, Tu H, Sahlas DJ, Zhang L, Symons SP, Black S, Lee TY, Aviv RI. CT perfusion quantification of small-vessel ischemic severity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:1831-6. [PMID: 18768729 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral blood flow (CBF) abnormalities are previously demonstrated in white matter disease. A gradation of change may exist between patients with mild and more severe white matter disease. An association between blood brain barrier dysfunction, increasing age and white matter disease is also suggested. The purpose of this study was to quantify and correlate white matter disease severity and CT perfusion (CTP)-derived CBF and to determine whether permeability surface abnormality increases with white matter disease severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty patients with strokelike symptoms underwent CTP and MR imaging. Of these, 35 patients (15 women, 20 men; age, 66 +/- 15.7 years) with rapidly resolving symptoms and normal imaging characteristics consistent with transient ischemic attack were retrospectively reviewed and constituted the study cohort. Two blinded neurologists rated white matter severity, assigning age-related white matter change (ARWMC) scores. Patients were dichotomized a priori into mild and moderate-to-severe. CBF, cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability surface product maps were calculated for periventricular and subcortical white matter regions and average white and gray matter. Associations with white matter severity were tested by uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed. RESULTS White matter disease was mild in 26 patients and moderate-to-severe in 9. Age was associated with increased likelihood of having moderate-to-severe white matter disease (P = .02). ARWMC correlated with subcortical (r = -0.50, P < .001) and average CBF (r = -0.55, P < .001). White matter severity was associated with subcortical (P = .03) and average (P = .03) white matter CBF, with a trend toward periventricular white matter CBF (P = .05). Uni- and multivariate analysis controlling for the confounding effect of age demonstrated significant association between white matter severity and subcortical (P = .032) white matter CBF. Area under the curve was 0.82. No permeability surface abnormality was found. CONCLUSIONS CTP-derived subcortical white matter CBF is independently associated with white matter disease severity.
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Garden A, Chen A, Curran W, Harari P, Murphy B, Wong S, Schwartz M, Dawson D, Dempsey C, Ang K. Longitudinal Oncology Registry of Head and Neck Carcinoma (LORHAN): Preliminary Report Regarding Radiation Patterns of Care. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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