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van Zwol PJ, Thiele S, Berger C, de Heer WA, Chevrier J. Nanoscale radiative heat flow due to surface plasmons in graphene and doped silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:264301. [PMID: 23368565 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.264301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its two-dimensional electronic structure, graphene exhibits many unique properties. One of them is a wave vector and temperature dependent plasmon in the infrared range. Theory predicts that due to these plasmons, graphene can be used as a universal material to enhance nanoscale radiative heat exchange for any dielectric substrate. Here we report on radiative heat transfer experiments between SiC and a SiO2 sphere that have nonmatching phonon polariton frequencies, and thus only weakly exchange heat in near field. We observed that the heat flux contribution of graphene epitaxially grown on SiC dominates at short distances. The influence of plasmons on radiative heat transfer is further supported with measurements for doped silicon. These results highlight graphene's strong potential in photonic near field and energy conversion devices.
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Thaler R, Spitzer S, Karlic H, Berger C, Klaushofer K, Varga F. Ibandronate increases the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene FAS by epigenetic mechanisms in tumor cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:173-85. [PMID: 23103563 PMCID: PMC3557391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that aminobisphosphonates like ibandronate show anticancer activity by an unknown mechanism. Biochemically, they prevent posttranslational isoprenylation of small GTPases, thus inhibiting their activity. In tumor cells, activated RAS-GTPase, the founding member of the gene family, down-regulates the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene FAS via epigenetic DNA-methylation by DNMT1. We compared ibandronate treatment in neoplastic human U-2 osteosarcoma and in mouse CCL-51 breast cancer cells as well as in the immortalized non-neoplastic MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Ibandronate attenuated cell proliferation in all cell lines tested. In the neoplastic cells we found up-regulation of caspases suggesting apoptosis. Further we found stimulation of FAS-expression as a result of epigenetic DNA demethylation that was due to down-regulation of DNMT1, which was rescued by re-isoprenylation by both geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate and farnesylpyrophosphate. In contrast, ibandronate did not affect FAS and DNMT1 expression in MC3T3-E1 non-neoplastic cells. Data suggest that bisphosphonates via modulation of the activity of small-GTPases induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells by DNA-CpG-demethylation and stimulation of FAS-expression. In conclusion the shown epigenetic mechanism underlying the anti-neoplastic activity of farnesyl-transferase-inhibition, also explains the clinical success of other drugs, which target this pathway.
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Luiz DDB, Andersen SLF, Berger C, José HJ, Moreira RDFPM. Photocatalytic reduction of nitrate ions in water over metal-modified TiO2. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bansal V, Altermatt S, Nadal D, Berger C. Lack of benefit of preoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in children with acute appendicitis: a prospective cohort study. Infection 2012; 40:635-41. [PMID: 22810888 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-012-0297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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105
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Orlita M, Tan LZ, Potemski M, Sprinkle M, Berger C, de Heer WA, Louie SG, Martinez G. Resonant excitation of graphene k-phonon and intra-landau-level excitons in magneto-optical spectroscopy [corrected]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:247401. [PMID: 23004329 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.247401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Precise infrared magnetotransmission experiments have been performed in magnetic fields up to 32 T on a series of multilayer epitaxial graphene samples. We observe changes in the spectral features and broadening of the main cyclotron transition when the incoming photon energy is in resonance with the lowest Landau level separation and the energy of a K point optical phonon. We have developed a theory that explains and quantitatively reproduces the frequency and magnetic field dependence of the phenomenon as the absorption of a photon together with the simultaneous creation of an intervalley, intra-Landau-level exciton, and a K phonon.
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Berger C, Bøje O. Über den Einfluß von Sauerstoffmangel auf das Auflösungsvermögen des emmetropen Auges1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1937.tb01175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stroncek DF, Berger C, Cheever MA, Childs RW, Dudley ME, Flynn P, Gattinoni L, Heath JR, Kalos M, Marincola FM, Miller JS, Mostoslavsky G, Powell DJ, Rao M, Restifo NP, Rosenberg SA, O'Shea J, Melief CJM. New directions in cellular therapy of cancer: a summary of the summit on cellular therapy for cancer. J Transl Med 2012; 10:48. [PMID: 22420641 PMCID: PMC3362772 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A summit on cellular therapy for cancer discussed and presented advances related to the use of adoptive cellular therapy for melanoma and other cancers. The summit revealed that this field is advancing rapidly. Conventional cellular therapies, such as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), are becoming more effective and more available. Gene therapy is becoming an important tool in adoptive cell therapy. Lymphocytes are being engineered to express high affinity T cell receptors (TCRs), chimeric antibody-T cell receptors (CARs) and cytokines. T cell subsets with more naïve and stem cell-like characteristics have been shown in pre-clinical models to be more effective than unselected populations and it is now possible to reprogram T cells and to produce T cells with stem cell characteristics. In the future, combinations of adoptive transfer of T cells and specific vaccination against the cognate antigen can be envisaged to further enhance the effectiveness of these therapies.
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Rossaint J, Berger C, Van Aken H, Scheld H, Zahn P, Zarbock A, Rukosujew A. The extracorporeal circulation during cardiac bypass surgery abolishes selectin-mediated slow leukocyte rolling while increasing leukocyte adhesion and transmigration. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Grigalovica A, Bartule M, Zicans J, Meri R, Heim HP, Berger C. Relaxation properties of polyoxymethylene and ethylene–octene copolymer blend in solid and melt states. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.3176/proc.2012.3.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Langsetmo L, Hitchcock CL, Kingwell EJ, Davison KS, Berger C, Forsmo S, Zhou W, Kreiger N, Prior JC. Physical activity, body mass index and bone mineral density-associations in a prospective population-based cohort of women and men: the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). Bone 2012; 50:401-8. [PMID: 22154839 PMCID: PMC3737114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is an important modifiable risk factor for both bone mineral density (BMD) and body mass index (BMI). However, BMI is itself strongly predictive of BMD. Our aim was to determine the association between PA and BMD, with consideration of BMI as a potential mediating factor. METHODS The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos) is a population-based prospective cohort study of Canadian women and men. PA was determined from interviewer-administered questionnaires at baseline and Year 5 and summarized as daily energy expenditure in total metabolic equivalents of the task multiplied by minutes/day (MET*m/d). Height, weight, and total hip and lumbar spine BMD were measured at baseline and Year 5. General linear models assessed relationships between PA and BMD, both cross-sectionally (baseline PA with baseline BMD) and longitudinally (average PA and change in PA with change in BMD). BMI was considered as a mediating factor. Potential confounders included age, center, education, caffeine intake, alcohol exposure, smoking history, history of weight-cycling, age at menarche, past use of oral contraceptives, history of >3 months missed menstruation, menopausal status, and antiresorptive use, as relevant. RESULTS The study included 2855 men and 6442 women. PA was inversely associated with BMI at baseline, and an increase in PA between baseline and Year 5 was associated with a decrease in BMI, with 0.41 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.60) kg/m(2) loss per 1000 MET*m/d increase (in men) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.57) kg/m(2) loss per 1000 MET*m/d increase (in women). BMI was strongly associated with BMD, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. However, increased PA was associated with a small increase in total hip BMD, 0.004 (95% CI: 0.000-0.008) g/cm(2) per 1000 MET*m/d (in men) and 0.003 (95% CI: 0.000-0.007) g/cm(2) per 1000 MET*m/d (in women). Average PA was associated with an increase in lumbar spine BMD in women, but not in men; it was not associated with change in total hip BMD in either sex. CONCLUSION Increased PA is associated with an increase in BMD and a concomitant decrease in BMI. These findings suggest that population-level interventions to increase PA would favorably impact bone and other health outcomes.
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Berger C, Berger B, Parson W. Sequence analysis of the canine mitochondrial DNA control region from shed hair samples in criminal investigations. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 830:331-348. [PMID: 22139671 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-461-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, evidence from domestic dogs has increasingly been analyzed by forensic DNA testing. Especially, canine hairs have proved most suitable and practical due to the high rate of hair transfer occurring between dogs and humans. Starting with the description of a contamination-free sample handling procedure, we give a detailed workflow for sequencing hypervariable segments (HVS) of the mtDNA control region from canine evidence. After the hair material is lysed and the DNA extracted by Phenol/Chloroform, the amplification and sequencing strategy comprises the HVS I and II of the canine control region and is optimized for DNA of medium-to-low quality and quantity. The sequencing procedure is based on the Sanger Big-dye deoxy-terminator method and the separation of the sequencing reaction products is performed on a conventional multicolor fluorescence detection capillary electrophoresis platform. Finally, software-aided base calling and sequence interpretation are addressed exemplarily.
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Winnerl S, Orlita M, Plochocka P, Kossacki P, Potemski M, Winzer T, Malic E, Knorr A, Sprinkle M, Berger C, de Heer WA, Schneider H, Helm M. Carrier relaxation in epitaxial graphene photoexcited near the Dirac point. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:237401. [PMID: 22182122 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.237401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study the carrier dynamics in epitaxially grown graphene in the range of photon energies from 10 to 250 meV. The experiments complemented by microscopic modeling reveal that the carrier relaxation is significantly slowed down as the photon energy is tuned to values below the optical-phonon frequency; however, owing to the presence of hot carriers, optical-phonon emission is still the predominant relaxation process. For photon energies about twice the value of the Fermi energy, a transition from pump-induced transmission to pump-induced absorption occurs due to the interplay of interband and intraband processes.
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Orlita M, Faugeras C, Grill R, Wysmolek A, Strupinski W, Berger C, de Heer WA, Martinez G, Potemski M. Carrier scattering from dynamical magnetoconductivity in quasineutral epitaxial graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:216603. [PMID: 22181904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.216603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The energy dependence of the electronic scattering time is probed by Landau level spectroscopy in quasineutral multilayer epitaxial graphene. From the broadening of overlapping Landau levels we find that the scattering rate 1/τ increases linearly with energy ϵ. This implies a surprising property of the Landau level spectrum in graphene-the number of resolved Landau levels remains constant with the applied magnetic field. Insights are given about possible scattering mechanisms and carrier mobilities in the graphene system investigated.
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Moeller KV, Berger C, Schuecking BA. Internetbasierte Entscheidungshilfe Kaiserschnitt. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1293239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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115
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Nischalke HD, Berger C, Aldenhoff K, Thyssen L, Gentemann M, Grünhage F, Lammert F, Nattermann J, Sauerbruch T, Spengler U, Appenrodt B. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 promoter and intron 2 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2011; 55:1010-6. [PMID: 21356257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (NOD) 2 recognize distinct pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMS) on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm, respectively. Since they may contribute to susceptibility to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), we studied the effects of TLR2 gene variants on susceptibility for SBP in relation to the previously reported NOD2 alleles. METHODS Overall, 150 patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites were genotyped for TLR2 gene variants -16934 (rs4696480), Arg753Gln (rs5743708), Pro631His (rs5743704) and the TLR2 GT microsatellite polymorphism in intron 2. Patients were monitored for SBP over two years. TLR2 SNPs were identified by hybridization probe assays on a LightCycler system. Numbers of GT repeats were determined with an ABI310 sequencer and Genescan Analysis 2.1 software. RESULTS Fifty two patients (35%) had SBP. Unlike the TLR2 Arg753Gln and Pro631His mutations, SBP was significantly more frequent in patients with the TLR2 -16934 TT genotype (38.5% vs. 15.3%; p = 0.002) and in carriers with two long tandem GT repeat alleles (>20) (53.8% vs. 25.5%; p = 0.001). A multivariate analysis confirmed TLR2 GT microsatellite polymorphism (OR = 3.8, p = 0.002) and NOD2 variants (OR = 3.3, p = 0.011) as independent predictors of SBP, and the simultaneous presence of both risk factors indicated a particularly high risk for SBP (OR = 11.3, p = 0.00002). CONCLUSIONS Analogous to NOD2 risk variants, TLR2 polymorphisms indicate increased susceptibility toward SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites, and the combination of the TLR2 GT microsatellite polymorphism with at least one NOD2 risk variant enables improved identification of patients with a high risk for SBP.
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Berger C, Schücking B, Wenzlaff P, Borrmann B. Hat eine Schwangerenvorsorge ‘unterhalb der Standardfrequenz’ Einfluss auf das Frühgeburtsrisiko von Migrantinnen? Sekundäranalyse der Niedersächsischen Perinatalerhebungen 2001–2008. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1283404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Anderson LD, Cook DR, Yamamoto TN, Berger C, Maloney DG, Riddell SR. Identification of MAGE-C1 (CT-7) epitopes for T-cell therapy of multiple myeloma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:985-97. [PMID: 21461886 PMCID: PMC3183483 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is incurable with standard therapies but is susceptible to a T-cell-mediated graft versus myeloma effect after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We sought to identify myeloma-specific antigens that might be used for T-cell immunotherapy of myeloma. MAGE-C1 (CT-7) is a cancer-testis antigen that is expressed by tumor cells in >70% of myeloma patients and elicits a humoral response in up to 93% of patients with CT-7(+) myeloma. No CD8(+) T-cell epitopes have been described for CT-7, so we used a combination of reverse immunology and immunization of HLA-A2 transgenic mice with a novel cell-based vaccine to identify three immunogenic epitopes of CT-7 that are recognized by human CD8(+) T-cells. CT-7-specific T-cells recognizing two of these peptides are able to recognize myeloma cells as well as CT-7 gene-transduced tumor cells, demonstrating that these epitopes are naturally processed and presented by tumor cells. This is the first report of the identification of immunogenic CD8(+) T-cell epitopes of MAGE-C1 (CT-7), which is the most commonly expressed cancer-testis antigen found in myeloma, and these epitopes may be promising candidate targets for vaccination or T-cell therapy of myeloma or other CT-7(+) malignancies.
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Mégevand C, Gervaix A, Heininger U, Berger C, Aebi C, Vaudaux B, Kind C, Gnehm HP, Hitzler M, Renzi G, Schrenzel J, François P. Molecular epidemiology of the nasal colonization by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in Swiss children. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 16:1414-20. [PMID: 19845693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus contributes to an increased risk of developing an infection with the same bacterial strain. Genetic regulatory elements and toxin-expressing genes are virulence factors associated with the pathogenic potential of S. aureus. We undertook an extensive molecular characterization of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) carried by children. MSSA were recovered from the nostrils of children. The presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), exfoliatins A and B (exfoA and exfoB), and the toxic-shock staphylococcal toxin (TSST-1) and agr group typing were determined by quantitative PCR. A multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) assay was also performed for genotyping. Five hundred and seventy-two strains of MSSA were analysed. Overall, 30% were positive for toxin-expressing genes: 29% contained one toxin and 1.6% two toxins. The most commonly detected toxin gene was tst, which was present in 145 (25%) strains. The TSST-1 gene was significantly associated with the agr group 3 (OR 56.8, 95% CI 32.0-100.8). MLVA analysis revealed a large diversity of genetic content and no clonal relationship was demonstrated among the analysed MSSA strains. Multilocus sequence typing confirmed this observation of diversity and identified ST45 as a frequent colonizer. This broad diversity in MSSA carriage strains suggests a limited selection pressure in our geographical area.
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Leslie WD, Berger C, Langsetmo L, Lix LM, Adachi JD, Hanley DA, Ioannidis G, Josse RG, Kovacs CS, Towheed T, Kaiser S, Olszynski WP, Prior JC, Jamal S, Kreiger N, Goltzman D. Construction and validation of a simplified fracture risk assessment tool for Canadian women and men: results from the CaMos and Manitoba cohorts. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:1873-83. [PMID: 20967422 PMCID: PMC5104542 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A procedure for creating a simplified version of fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®) is described. Calibration, fracture prediction, and concordance were compared with the full FRAX tool using two large, complementary Canadian datasets. INTRODUCTION The Canadian Association of Radiologists and Osteoporosis Canada (CAROC) system for fracture risk assessment is based upon sex, age, bone mineral density (BMD), prior fragility fracture, and glucocorticoid use. CAROC does not require computer or web access, and categorizes 10-year major osteoporotic fracture risk as low (<10%), moderate (10-20%), or high (>20%). METHODS Basal CAROC fracture risk tables (by age, sex, and femoral neck BMD) were constructed from Canadian FRAX probabilities for major osteoporotic fractures (adjusted for prevalent clinical risk factors). We assessed categorization and fracture prediction with the updated CAROC system in the CaMos and Manitoba BMD cohorts. RESULTS The new CAROC system demonstrated high concordance with the Canadian FRAX tool for risk category in both the CaMos and Manitoba cohorts (89% and 88%). Ten-year fracture outcomes in CaMos and Manitoba BMD cohorts showed good discrimination and calibration for both CAROC (6.1-6.5% in low-risk, 13.5-14.6% in moderate-risk, and 22.3-29.1% in high-risk individuals) and FRAX (6.1-6.6% in low-risk, 14.4-16.1% in moderate-risk, and 23.4-31.0% in high-risk individuals). Reclassification from the CAROC risk category to a different risk category under FRAX occurred in <5% for low-risk, 20-24% for moderate-risk, and 27-30% for high-risk individuals. Reclassified individuals had 10-year fracture outcomes that were still within or close to the original nominal-risk range.. CONCLUSION The new CAROC system is well calibrated to the Canadian population and shows a high degree of concordance with the Canadian FRAX tool. The CAROC system provides s a simple alternative when it is not feasible to use the full Canadian FRAX tool.
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Desandes E, Bonnay S, Berger C, Brugieres L, Isfan F, Laurence V, Mignot L, Olive-Sommelet D, Tron I, Clavel J, Lacour B. Pathways of care for adolescents with cancer in France. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.6058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Greene-Finestone LS, Berger C, de Groh M, Hanley DA, Hidiroglou N, Sarafin K, Poliquin S, Krieger J, Richards JB, Goltzman D. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Canadian adults: biological, environmental, and behavioral correlates. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:1389-99. [PMID: 20730415 PMCID: PMC5102696 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY We assessed vitamin D status and its correlates in the population-based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). Results showed that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels <75 nmol/L were common. Given Canada's high latitude, attention should be given to strategies for enhancing vitamin D status in the population. INTRODUCTION Inadequate vitamin D has been implicated as a risk factor for several clinical disorders. We assessed, in a Canadian cohort, vitamin D status and its correlates, based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the best functional indicator of vitamin D status. METHODS We studied 577 men and 1,335 women 35+ years from seven cities across Canada in the randomly selected, population-based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). Participants completed a comprehensive questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by immunoassay. Multivariate linear regression modeling assessed the association between 25(OH)D and determinants of vitamin D status. RESULTS Participants (2.3%) were deficient in 25(OH)D (<27.5 nmol/L); a further 18.1% exhibited 25(OH)D insufficiency (27.5-50 nmol/L). Levels <75 nmol/L were evident in 57.5% of men and 60.7% of women and rose to 73.5% in spring (men) and 77.5% in winter (women); 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L was ≤10% year round for those supplementing with ≥400 IU vitamin D/day but was 43.9% among those not supplementing in winter and spring. The strongest predictors of reduced 25(OH)D for both men and women were winter and spring season, BMI ≥30, non-white ethnicity, and lower vitamin D supplementation and its modification by fall and winter. CONCLUSIONS In this national Canadian cohort, vitamin D levels <75 nmol/L were common, particularly among non-white and obese individuals, and in winter and spring. Vitamin D intake through diet and supplementation and maintenance of normal weight are key modifiable factors for enhancing vitamin D status and thus potentially influencing susceptibility to common chronic diseases.
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Tabone MD, Berger C, Pacquement H, Poirée M, Plantaz D, Michel G. État de santé et qualité de vie à long terme après guérison d’un cancer traité durant l’enfance. ONCOLOGIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-011-2002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fraser LA, Langsetmo L, Berger C, Ioannidis G, Goltzman D, Adachi JD, Papaioannou A, Josse R, Kovacs CS, Olszynski WP, Towheed T, Hanley DA, Kaiser SM, Prior J, Jamal S, Kreiger N, Brown JP, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey E, Kanis JA, Leslie WD. Fracture prediction and calibration of a Canadian FRAX® tool: a population-based report from CaMos. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:829-37. [PMID: 21161508 PMCID: PMC5101064 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A new Canadian WHO fracture risk assessment (FRAX®) tool to predict 10-year fracture probability was compared with observed 10-year fracture outcomes in a large Canadian population-based study (CaMos). The Canadian FRAX tool showed good calibration and discrimination for both hip and major osteoporotic fractures. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to validate a new Canadian WHO fracture risk assessment (FRAX®) tool in a prospective, population-based cohort, the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). METHODS A FRAX tool calibrated to the Canadian population was developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases using national hip fracture and mortality data. Ten-year FRAX probabilities with and without bone mineral density (BMD) were derived for CaMos women (N = 4,778) and men (N = 1,919) and compared with observed fracture outcomes to 10 years (Kaplan-Meier method). Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the contribution of individual FRAX variables. RESULTS Mean overall 10-year FRAX probability with BMD for major osteoporotic fractures was not significantly different from the observed value in men [predicted 5.4% vs. observed 6.4% (95%CI 5.2-7.5%)] and only slightly lower in women [predicted 10.8% vs. observed 12.0% (95%CI 11.0-12.9%)]. FRAX was well calibrated for hip fracture assessment in women [predicted 2.7% vs. observed 2.7% (95%CI 2.2-3.2%)] but underestimated risk in men [predicted 1.3% vs. observed 2.4% (95%CI 1.7-3.1%)]. FRAX with BMD showed better fracture discrimination than FRAX without BMD or BMD alone. Age, body mass index, prior fragility fracture and femoral neck BMD were significant independent predictors of major osteoporotic fractures; sex, age, prior fragility fracture and femoral neck BMD were significant independent predictors of hip fractures. CONCLUSION The Canadian FRAX tool provides predictions consistent with observed fracture rates in Canadian women and men, thereby providing a valuable tool for Canadian clinicians assessing patients at risk of fracture.
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Marx I, Domes G, Havenstein C, Berger C, Schulze L, Herpertz S. Emotional reagibility and working memory performance - differential effects of emotional interference control in subjects with and without ADHD. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a number of studies, it has been shown that subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show deficits in executive functioning, i.e. in cognitive functions that subserve planning, monitoring and control of goal-directed behaviour (Martinussen et al., 2005; Willcutt et al., 2005), as well as in emotion regulation (Berlin et al., 2004; Desman et al., 2006). However, no study exists so far examining the interaction between cognition and emotion regulation in subjects with ADHD. In our study, we aimed to examine to what extend arousing emotional picture stimuli may account for differential effects in performance quality in subjects with and without ADHD. Thirty-nine males and females with ADHD aged 18 to 40 years and 40 matched healthy controls performed a working memory n-back task (1-back, 2-back). The task was performed with and without neutral and negative background pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) which varied in arousal (low, medium, high). Irrespective of ADHD diagnosis, all subjects were slower and demonstrated lower performance accuracy in the 2-back condition compared with the 1-back condition, and all subjects deteriorated with increasing picture arousal. In comparison to healthy controls, subjects with ADHD displayed a deficit in working memory performance in terms of prolonged reaction times and decreased performance accuracy. Beyond this, we found that whereas healthy controls did not display performance deficits until they were presented with high-arousal background pictures, subjects with ADHD were already impaired when presented with medium-arousal background pictures. The implications of these and further findings will be discussed.
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Leslie WD, Lix LM, Langsetmo L, Berger C, Goltzman D, Hanley DA, Adachi JD, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey E, Kanis JA. Construction of a FRAX® model for the assessment of fracture probability in Canada and implications for treatment. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:817-27. [PMID: 21161509 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We describe the creation of a FRAX® model for the assessment of fracture probability in Canadian men and women, calibrated from national hip fracture and mortality data. This FRAX tool was used to examine possible thresholds for therapeutic intervention in Canada in two large complementary cohorts of women and men. OBJECTIVE To evaluate a Canadian World Health Organization (WHO) fracture risk assessment (FRAX®) tool for computing 10-year probabilities of osteoporotic fracture. METHODS Fracture probabilities were computed from national hip fracture data (2005) and death hazards (2004) for Canada. Probabilities took account of age, sex, clinical risk factors (CRFs), and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD). Treatment implications were studied in two large cohorts of individuals age 50 years and older: the population-based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (4,778 women and 1,919 men) and the clinically referred Manitoba BMD Cohort (36,730 women and 2,873 men). RESULTS Fracture probabilities increased with age, decreasing femoral neck T-score, and number of CRFs. Among women, 10.1-11.3% would be designated high risk based upon 10-year major osteoporotic fracture probability exceeding 20%. A much larger proportion would be designated high risk based upon 10-year hip fracture probability exceeding 3% (25.7-28.0%) or osteoporotic BMD (27.1-30.9%), and relatively few from prior hip or clinical spine fracture (1.6-4.2%). One or more criteria for intervention were met by 29.2-34.0% of women excluding hip fracture probability (35.3-41.0% including hip fracture probability). Lower intervention rates were seen among CaMos (Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study) men (6.8-12.9%), but in clinically referred men from the Manitoba BMD Cohort, one or more criteria for high risk were seen for 26.4% excluding hip fracture probability (42.4% including hip fracture probability). CONCLUSIONS The FRAX tool can be used to identify intervention thresholds in Canada. The FRAX model supports a shift from a dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based intervention strategy, towards a strategy based on fracture probability for a major osteoporotic fracture.
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