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Lee CJ, Do BR, Lee YH, Park JH, Kim SJ, Kim JK, Roh SI, Yoon YD, Yoon HS. Ovarian expression of melatonin Mel(1a) receptor mRNA during mouse development. Mol Reprod Dev 2001; 59:126-32. [PMID: 11389547 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland, is involved in the regulation of many physiological functions of various species of animals. In the present study, the expression of gene for melatonin Mel(1a) receptor (MelR) was evaluated in the ovary, hypothalamus, and pituitary according to the developmental stages in female mice. Semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ PCR techniques were applied. According to the developmental stages, gene for MelR was differently expressed on ovary, hypothalamus, and pituitary. MelR gene was first expressed on pituitary prior to the expression in hypothalamus and ovary. Ovarian MelR gene started to express at birth. Unlike hypothalamic expression of MelR gene which was identified after birth, in pituitary, it was expressed at 16 days post coitum. In the ovary, the expression signal of MelR gene was identified on granulosa cells. However, the signal was not detected in the theca cells. It was weak in the primordial and atretic follicles. Taken together, it can be considered that melatonin has a pivotal role in the folliculogenesis.
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102
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Lee CJ, Wang TR, Frasch CE. Immunogenicity in mice of pneumococcal glycoconjugate vaccines using pneumococcal protein carriers. Vaccine 2001; 19:3216-25. [PMID: 11312018 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody response and protective immunity were evaluated in mice immunized with pneumococcal glycoconjugate vaccines using two pneumococcal protein carriers. Mice injected with type 9V polysaccharide (PS) conjugated to inactivated pneumolysin (Ply) or autolysin (Aly) produced high levels of IgG and IgM antibodies to both the PS and the protein carrier. Higher PS antibody titers to the pneumococcal PS conjugates were measured by ELISA using PS-Ply or PS-tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate as a coating antigen compared with PS mixed with methylated human serum albumin. Type 9V PS (10 microg) inhibited most of the 9V IgM and IgG antibody binding to the 9V-TT coated plate. In contrast, absorption with 19F PS did not inhibit 9V antibody binding. The avidity index of IgG antibodies in the 9V PS-Ply serum was 55.5 +/- 0.9, compared with 47.8 +/- 1.4 for 9V PS-Aly serum. Thus, high avidity of serum antibodies in conjugate-immunized mice can provide more effective functional activity for protection against pneumococcal infection. Mice immunized with these glycoconjugates exhibited rapid bacterial clearance from blood and provided cross-protection against challenge with heterologous serotypes of virulent pneumococci. These results reveal that conjugates using pneumococcal protein carriers can induce opsonophagocytic activity to destroy homologous and heterologous pneumococci, indicating that such conjugates can confer broader protective immunity than conjugates using non-pneumococcal proteins.
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103
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Kao CH, Wei HH, Liu YH, Lee GH, Wang Y, Lee CJ. Structural correlation of catecholase-like activities of oxy-bridged dinuclear copper(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2001; 84:171-8. [PMID: 11374579 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(01)00170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eight oxy-bridged dinuclear copper(II) complexes with catecholase-like sites, [Cu(L1)X]2 (HL1 = 1-diethylaminopropan-2-ol, X=N3- 1, NCO- 2, and NO2- 3), [Cu(L2)X]2 (HL2=N-ethylsalicylaldimine, X=NO3- 4, Cl- 5, N3- 6, NCS- 7), and [Cu(L3)]2(ClO4)2, 8 (HL3=N-(salicylidene)-N'-(2-pyridylaldene)propanediamine) have been prepared and characterized. The single crystal X-ray analysis show that the structures of complexes 6 and 8 are dimeric with two adjacent copper(II) atoms bridged by pairs of micro-oxy atoms from the L2 and L3 ligands. Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 4-300 K indicate significant antiferromagnetic coupling for 4, 5 and 7 and ferromagnetic coupling for 6 between the copper(II) atoms. The catecholase activity of complexes for the oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol by O2 was studied and it was found that the complexes with the bond distance of Cu(II)...Cu(II) located at 2.9-3.0 A show higher catecholase activity.
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Kang YH, Lee CJ, Kim K. Benzotriazole-mediated synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted allylic alcohols. J Org Chem 2001; 66:2149-53. [PMID: 11300914 DOI: 10.1021/jo000469c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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105
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Han JS, Soh DM, Joh CW, Choi BI, Lee YS, Lee CJ, Park CH. Heterogeneous distribution of cardioplegic solution in pigs. Br J Anaesth 2001; 86:427-30. [PMID: 11573536 DOI: 10.1093/bja/86.3.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Septal dyskinesia in the left ventricle is detected frequently in many patients after open-heart surgery. The present study was designed to determine whether the antegrade delivery of cardioplegic solution to the regional wall categorized in echocardiography is homogeneous, and whether the distribution to the septal wall differs from that to the lateral wall in the absence of coronary artery disease. To assess these hypotheses quantitatively, radioactive microspheres were mixed into the cardioplegic solution and infused by an antegrade method in eight normal pigs. The cardioplegic distribution to the septal wall was significantly less than to the lateral wall close to the base of the left ventricle (P<0.05). Therefore, antegrade perfusion of cardioplegic solution was non-uniformly distributed to the regional and transmural wall of normal pig hearts. Absence of functional correlation was a limitation of this study. However, these findings suggest that inadequate protection of the ventricular septum by antegrade cardioplegia might be an explanation for the abnormalities of septal wall motion after open-heart surgery.
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Hsieh CL, Kuo CC, Chen YS, Li TC, Hsieh CT, Lao CJ, Lee CJ, Li JG. Analgesic effect of electric stimulation of peripheral nerves with different electric frequencies using the formalin test. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2001; 28:291-9. [PMID: 10999448 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x00000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although electroacupuncture (EA) has been widely used to treat pain, the optimal frequency of EA therapy remains unclear. The study sought to determine the effect of different EA frequencies in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of pain. Electric stimulation (ES) at frequencies of 2 Hz, 15 Hz or 100 Hz was applied to the ipsilateral or contralateral sciatic nerve of the injected hindpaw of SD rats. Formalin (50 microl, 5%) was subcutaneously injected into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw to induce a nociceptive response. Behavior, including licking and biting, was observed to have two distinct periods, an early phase during the first 5 mins and a late phase from 21-35 mins after injection. The total biting or licking count served as an Indicator of nociceptive response. Our results indicate that ES of the ipsilateral sciatic nerve at a frequency of 2 Hz or 15 Hz reduced the nociceptive responses in both the early and the late phases of the formalin test, whereas ES at 2 Hz had greater antinociceptive effect than ES at 15 Hz in the early phase. No similar analgesic effect in the early phase was observed for ES at 100 Hz. Both pretreatment with ES at 2 Hz and naloxone (3 mg/kg, s.c.) produced a greater antinociceptive response in the late phase than when ES at 2 Hz was delivered immediately after formalin administration. In addition, ES of the neck muscle or contralateral sciatic nerve at a frequency of 2 Hz also decreased licking and biting activity in both phases. The results of this study indicate that different analgesic mechanisms are involved in the response to ES at frequencies of 2 Hz, 15 Hz and 100 Hz, and that ES at 2 Hz has a greater analgesic effect on formalin-induced nociceptive response, especially when it is delivered prior to the onset of pain. The analgesic effect of ES may be mediated via a central origin in the supraspinal level. These findings suggest that 2 Hz may be a good frequency selection for clinical EA applications in analgesia, and that pretreatment with EA at 2 Hz may be an effective method to treat post-operative pain.
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Moon MS, Lee CJ, Um SJ, Park JS, Yang JM, Hwang ES. Effect of BPV1 E2-mediated inhibition of E6/E7 expression in HPV16-positive cervical carcinoma cells. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 80:168-75. [PMID: 11161855 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2000.6053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE E6 and E7 proteins of high-risk-type human papillomavirus are major etiological agents for cervical carcinomas and are continuously expressed in those cancer cells. They inhibit cell cycle control functions by inactivating p53 and Rb proteins and also immortalize cells through the induction of telomerase activity. Expression of E6 and E7 genes in HeLa, an HPV18-positive cell line, has been shown to be inhibited by the E2 protein of bovine papillomavirus (BPV1), and this resulted in the activation of the p53-mediated growth inhibitory pathway followed by an inhibition of cell proliferation. In this study, the effect of BPV1 E2-mediated inhibition of E6 and E7 expression was examined in HPV16-positive cervical carcinoma cell lines recently established from Korean patients. METHODS BPV1 E2 was expressed in the test cells through acute infection of an SV40-BPV1 recombinant virus. Its effect on cell proliferation was assessed through MTT and DNA synthesis assays, and the status of factors involved in cell cycle control was examined through Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS BPV1 E2 expression caused a significant decrease in E6/E7 transcription in all three cell lines. This was accompanied by an increase in the levels of p53 protein and activity and a decrease in the expression of Cdc25A, a Cdk2-activating phosphatase. Concomitantly, E2F1 activity and cellular DNA synthesis capacity were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that inhibition of E6/E7 gene expression in the HPV16-positive cervical carcinoma cells induces suppression in cell proliferation by activating the growth inhibitory factors, p53 and Rb, and also by downregulating the cell cycle stimulatory factor, Cdc25A.
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Kwak BK, Shim HJ, Park US, Lee TJ, Paeng SS, Lee CJ, Lim HK, Park CK. Correlation of VEGF with contrast enhancement on dual-phase dynamic helical CT in liver tumors: preliminary study. J Korean Med Sci 2001; 16:83-7. [PMID: 11289406 PMCID: PMC3054564 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2001.16.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this preliminary study is to elucidate that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) influences contrast enhancement of hepatic tumors on computed tomography (CT). Fourteen patients with hepatic tumors (11 hepatocellular carcinomas; 3 metastatic cancers) underwent a dual-phase dynamic helical CT or computed tomographic hepatic arteriography. The attenuation of each mass was determined as hyperattenuation, isoattenuation or hypoattenuation with respect to the adjacent nontumorous parenchyma. Gun-needle biopsy was done for each tumor, and paraffin sections were immunostained with anti- VEGF antibody by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. The pathologic grade was made by intensity (1 +, 2+, 3+) and area (+/-, 1 +, 2+). The tumor ranged 2.0-14.0 cm in size (mean, 5.8 cm). In arterial phase, the intensity was not correlated with the degree of enhancement (p=0.086). However, the correlation between the attenuation value of hepatic arterial phase and the area of positive tumor cells was statistically significant (p=0.002). VEGF may be the factor that enhances the hepatic mass with water-soluble iodinated contrast agent in CT.
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Lee CJ, Lee LH, Lu CS, Wu A. Bacterial Polysaccharides as Vaccines — Immunity and Chemical Characterization. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2001; 491:453-71. [PMID: 14533815 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1267-7_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Studies on protective immunity and biochemical characterization of bacterial capsular polysaccharides have led to significant contributions to understanding of the mechanisms of infectious diseases and development of effective vaccines. Immunity to encapsulated bacteria is related to antibody response to polysaccharide (PS) antigen, interactions with T- and B-lymphocytes, and host defense mechanisms. Meningococcal, pneumococcal and Salmonella vi PSs and Haemophilus type b PS-protein conjugate vaccines have been licensed and provided effective immunity for prevention of these bacterial infections. Capsular PSs are cell-surface polymers consisting of oligosaccharide repeating units. Many PSs are highly polar and hydrophilic and interfere with cell-to-cell interactions with phagocytes. Most pneumococcal PSs are negatively charged and possess acidic components such as D-glucuronic acid and phosphate in phosphodiester bonds. Extensive immunologic cross-reactivity has been observed among bacterial capsular PSs. In infants the antibody responses to most capsular PSs are generally poor. Enhanced immunogenicity of PS antigens can be achieved through PS-protein conjugate vaccines, immunization during a critical period of perinatal development and effective antigen delivery system.
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110
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Kim HJ, Choi SK, Lee CJ, Suh CH. Aggressive epithelial odontogenic ghost cell tumor in the mandible: CT and MR imaging findings. AJNR. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY 2001. [PMID: 11158905 DOI: 10.1002/0470846453.ch77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of aggressive epithelial odontogenic ghost cell tumor arising from the mandible in a 32-year-old man. On CT and MR studies, the tumor was seen as a large, heterogeneous soft-tissue mass that caused marked destruction of the mandible and invaded the mouth floor and tongue base. The tumor displayed a variety of densities and signal intensities on CT and MR images, which correlated well with the degree of cellularity of epithelial islands, abundance of ghost cells and eosinophilic materials, calcification, and cystic areas on histologic sections. Owing to the unpredictable biological behavior of this type of tumor, careful, long-term follow-up is highly recommended.
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Lee JM, Lee YC, Yang SY, Shi WL, Lee CJ, Luh SP, Chen CJ, Hsieh CY, Wu MT. Genetic polymorphisms of p53 and GSTP1,but not NAT2,are associated with susceptibility to squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Int J Cancer 2000. [PMID: 11008209 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000920)89:5<458::aid-ijc10>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of genetic and environmental factors can determine an individual's susceptibility to various cancers. We present a hospital-based case-control study, which included 90 patients of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 254 healthy people in Taiwan, to investigate the effects of genetic polymorphisms of p53, GSTP1 and NAT2 on the risk of ESCC. Polymorphisms of p53, NAT2 and GSTP1 were determined by PCR-RFLP. The codon 72 p53 Pro allele was more frequently found in ESCC patients [odds ratio (OR) 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-3.35 for Arg/Pro genotype and OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.29-5.08 for Pro/Pro genotype]. In cigarette smokers, the frequency of GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype was higher in ESCC patients (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.7). Among alcohol drinkers, borderline significance was also found for GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9-4.4). Results were not similar for the NAT2 genetic polymorphism. Using logistic analyses, we found that individuals with p53 Pro/Pro genotype had a significantly higher risk of developing ESCC than those with Arg/Arg genotype (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1. 1-5.1), after adjusting for other significant environmental risk factors. This result remained similar (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-4.8 for p53 Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg), even after further adjustment for NAT2 and GSTP1 polymorphisms. The codon 72 p53 Pro/Pro genotype in the general population and GSTP1 Ile/Ile in cigarette smokers may predict a higher risk of developing ESCC.
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Chen KH, Tsai MK, Ko WJ, Chen YS, Chueh SC, Lai MK, Lee CJ, Lee PH. Renal transplantation from non-heart-beating donors with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: preliminary results. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:1743-4. [PMID: 11119915 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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113
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Lee JM, Lee YC, Yang SY, Shi WL, Lee CJ, Luh SP, Chen CJ, Hsieh CY, Wu MT. Genetic polymorphisms of p53 and GSTP1,but not NAT2,are associated with susceptibility to squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Int J Cancer 2000. [PMID: 11008209 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000920)89:5%3c458::aid-ijc10%3e3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of genetic and environmental factors can determine an individual's susceptibility to various cancers. We present a hospital-based case-control study, which included 90 patients of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 254 healthy people in Taiwan, to investigate the effects of genetic polymorphisms of p53, GSTP1 and NAT2 on the risk of ESCC. Polymorphisms of p53, NAT2 and GSTP1 were determined by PCR-RFLP. The codon 72 p53 Pro allele was more frequently found in ESCC patients [odds ratio (OR) 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-3.35 for Arg/Pro genotype and OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.29-5.08 for Pro/Pro genotype]. In cigarette smokers, the frequency of GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype was higher in ESCC patients (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.7). Among alcohol drinkers, borderline significance was also found for GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9-4.4). Results were not similar for the NAT2 genetic polymorphism. Using logistic analyses, we found that individuals with p53 Pro/Pro genotype had a significantly higher risk of developing ESCC than those with Arg/Arg genotype (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1. 1-5.1), after adjusting for other significant environmental risk factors. This result remained similar (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-4.8 for p53 Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg), even after further adjustment for NAT2 and GSTP1 polymorphisms. The codon 72 p53 Pro/Pro genotype in the general population and GSTP1 Ile/Ile in cigarette smokers may predict a higher risk of developing ESCC.
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Tsai MK, Lai MY, Hu RH, Lee CJ, Lee PH. Managing hepatitis B reactivation in renal transplant recipients: a 12-year review with emphasis on early detection and early use of lamivudine. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:1935-6. [PMID: 11120008 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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115
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Lee JM, Tu CF, Yang PW, Lee YC, Lee CJ. The effective antigen presentation of human MHC on the lymphocytes of HLA DPW0401 transgenic pigs: examination with xenogenic mixed lymphocyte culture and primed lymphocyte tests. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2503-4. [PMID: 11120268 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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116
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Lee CJ, Do BR, Kim JK, Yoon YD. Pentobarbital and ketamine suppress serum concentrations of sex hormones in the female rat. J Anesth 2000; 14:187-90. [PMID: 14564563 DOI: 10.1007/s005400070003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential effects of pentobarbital and ketamine on serum concentrations of sex hormones, the present study was performed using pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG)-primed cyclic female Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS Pentobarbital sodium (37 mg.kg(-1), i. p.) or ketamine-hydrochloride (229 mg.kg(-1), i. m.) was injected 2 and 3 days after PMSG treatment. At 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days after PMSG treatment, sera were collected by cardiac puncture. The serum concentrations of progesterone (P(4)), testosterone (T), and estradiol-17 beta (E(2)) were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS The serum concentrations of P(4) tended to be lower in both the pentobarbital- and the ketamine-treated groups compared with the control group. Significant differences were found on days 3 and 4 after pentobarbital and on days, 1, 4, and 5 after ketamine administration. Serum concentrations of T were also suppressed in both the pentobarbital and the ketamine-treated groups, whereas E(2) concentrations decreased only in the ketamine-treated group. CONCLUSION Pentobarbital and ketamine decrease serum sex hormone concentrations in PMSG-primed female rats.
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Irizarry K, Kustanovich V, Li C, Brown N, Nelson S, Wong W, Lee CJ. Genome-wide analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in human expressed sequences. Nat Genet 2000; 26:233-6. [PMID: 11017085 DOI: 10.1038/79981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been explored as a high-resolution marker set for accelerating the mapping of disease genes. Here we report 48,196 candidate SNPs detected by statistical analysis of human expressed sequence tags (ESTs), associated primarily with coding regions of genes. We used Bayesian inference to weigh evidence for true polymorphism versus sequencing error, misalignment or ambiguity, misclustering or chimaeric EST sequences, assessing data such as raw chromatogram height, sharpness, overlap and spacing, sequencing error rates, context-sensitivity and cDNA library origin. Three separate validations-comparison with 54 genes screened for SNPs independently, verification of HLA-A polymorphisms and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) testing-verified 70%, 89% and 71% of our predicted SNPs, respectively. Our method detects tenfold more true HLA-A SNPs than previous analyses of the EST data. We found SNPs in a large fraction of known disease genes, including some disease-causing mutations (for example, the HbS sickle-cell mutation). Our comprehensive analysis of human coding region polymorphism provides a public resource for mapping of disease genes (available at http://www.bioinformatics.ucla.edu/snp).
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Goodwin EC, Yang E, Lee CJ, Lee HW, DiMaio D, Hwang ES. Rapid induction of senescence in human cervical carcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:10978-83. [PMID: 11005870 PMCID: PMC27134 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.20.10978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the bovine papillomavirus E2 regulatory protein in human cervical carcinoma cell lines repressed expression of the resident human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncogenes and within a few days caused essentially all of the cells to synchronously display numerous phenotypic markers characteristic of cells undergoing replicative senescence. This process was accompanied by marked but in some cases transient alterations in the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and by decreased telomerase activity. We propose that the human papillomavirus E6 and E7 proteins actively prevent senescence from occurring in cervical carcinoma cells, and that once viral oncogene expression is extinguished, the senescence program is rapidly executed. Activation of endogenous senescence pathways in cancer cells may represent an alternative approach to treat human cancers.
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Lee JM, Lee YC, Yang SY, Shi WL, Lee CJ, Luh SP, Chen CJ, Hsieh CY, Wu MT. Genetic polymorphisms of p53 and GSTP1,but not NAT2,are associated with susceptibility to squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Int J Cancer 2000; 89:458-64. [PMID: 11008209 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000920)89:5<458::aid-ijc10>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of genetic and environmental factors can determine an individual's susceptibility to various cancers. We present a hospital-based case-control study, which included 90 patients of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 254 healthy people in Taiwan, to investigate the effects of genetic polymorphisms of p53, GSTP1 and NAT2 on the risk of ESCC. Polymorphisms of p53, NAT2 and GSTP1 were determined by PCR-RFLP. The codon 72 p53 Pro allele was more frequently found in ESCC patients [odds ratio (OR) 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-3.35 for Arg/Pro genotype and OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.29-5.08 for Pro/Pro genotype]. In cigarette smokers, the frequency of GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype was higher in ESCC patients (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.7). Among alcohol drinkers, borderline significance was also found for GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9-4.4). Results were not similar for the NAT2 genetic polymorphism. Using logistic analyses, we found that individuals with p53 Pro/Pro genotype had a significantly higher risk of developing ESCC than those with Arg/Arg genotype (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1. 1-5.1), after adjusting for other significant environmental risk factors. This result remained similar (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-4.8 for p53 Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg), even after further adjustment for NAT2 and GSTP1 polymorphisms. The codon 72 p53 Pro/Pro genotype in the general population and GSTP1 Ile/Ile in cigarette smokers may predict a higher risk of developing ESCC.
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Hwang K, Lee DK, Lee CJ, Lee SI. Pneumosinus dilatans multiplex, mental retardation, and facial deformity. J Craniofac Surg 2000; 11:487-90. [PMID: 11314069 DOI: 10.1097/00001665-200011050-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumosinus dilatans is a term used to describe enlargement of one or more paranasal sinuses without radiological evidence of localized bone destruction, hyperostosis, or mucous-membrane thickening. To date, many cases have been reported that involved frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinus. However, no case has been reported that involved all paranasal sinuses. Our case involved mastoid air cells as well as all paranasal sinuses. It is named pneumosinus dilatans multiplex by us. This is the first case to be reported in English literature that has this syndromic condition of pneumosinus dilatans multiplex, mental retardation, and facial deformity.
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Lee CJ, Hsieh TT, Chiu TH, Chen KC, Lo LM, Hung TH. Risk factors for pre-eclampsia in an Asian population. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2000; 70:327-33. [PMID: 10967166 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(00)00240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the risk factors for pre-eclampsia in an Asian population. METHOD We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 29375 Taiwanese women who delivered between July 1990 and September 1998, excluding pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension or fetal malformations. RESULT Four hundred and fifteen women had pre-eclampsia (1.4%). Women who had a history of pre-eclampsia (OR 6.3, 95% CI 4.4, 9.2), multiple gestation (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.4, 5.5), a prepregnancy BMI > 24.2 kg/m(2) (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1. 8, 3.1), were > 34 years of age (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4, 2.4), nulliparous (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2, 1.5), had urinary tract infection (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.5, 15.8), or worked during pregnancy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4, 2.4) were at increased risk of pre-eclampsia. CONCLUSION Some of the risk factors for pre-eclampsia among Asian women are the same as those of other ethnic groups, whereas some of the risk factors are different.
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Tu CF, Hsieh SL, Lee JM, Yang LL, Sato T, Lee KH, Weng CN, Mao SJ, Tsuji K, Lee CJ. Successful generation of transgenic pigs for human decay-accelerating factor and human leucocyte antigen DQ. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:913-5. [PMID: 10936271 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ronn AM, Batti J, Lee CJ, Yoo D, Siegel ME, Nouri M, Lofgren LA, Steinberg BM. Comparative biodistribution of meta-Tetra(Hydroxyphenyl) chlorin in multiple species: clinical implications for photodynamic therapy. Lasers Surg Med Suppl 2000; 20:437-42. [PMID: 9142684 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9101(1997)20:4<437::aid-lsm10>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To optimize photodynamic therapy, it is necessary to know the distribution of photosensitizer in normal tissue as well as tumors and to know how well animal models match human. This study measured the biodistribution of meta-Tetra(Hydroxyphenyl) Chlorin (mTHPC) in three species of animals and in humans. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS mTHPC was injected intravenously into dogs, rabbits, and humans, and drug levels in various tissues were determined 6 days later. One dog was perfused with 3 L of saline to remove blood trapped within organs. RESULTS Absolute and relative concentrations of drug in specific tissues varied between species and between individuals. There was a general pattern of distribution. Highly vascularized tissues had the highest levels of mTHPC, not simply due to trapping of blood. mTHPC did not localize in bone and did not cross the blood-brain barrier. Humans had much higher levels of drug in their plasma and tissues than did animals. CONCLUSIONS First, drug retention varies from one tissue to another. Second, there is significant variability from one individual to another, whether animal or human. Third, current models cannot accurately predict from animal studies the optimum dose for humans. Measurement of photosensitizer level in plasma at time of treatment would allow optimal photodynamic dosing.
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Lee CJ, Park HH, Do BR, Yoon Y, Kim JK. Natural and radiation-induced degeneration of primordial and primary follicles in mouse ovary. Anim Reprod Sci 2000; 59:109-17. [PMID: 10804280 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study deals with the morphological changes of the degenerating primordial and primary follicles induced by gamma-radiation. Prepubertal female mice of 3 weeks old ICR strain were gamma-irradiated with the dose of LD(80(30)) (8.3 Gy). The ovaries were collected at 3, 6 and 12 h after irradiation. The largest cross-sections were prepared by histological semithin sections for microscopical observations. The ratio (%) of normal to atretic follicles decreased with time after the irradiation in primordial follicles and in primary follicles as well. At 6 h after irradiation, the number of degenerated primordial follicles increased. Germinal vesicles disappeared and lipid droplets increased in number. Granulosa cells became round in shape and apoptotic cells started to appear. The ooplasmic membrane was not recognizable. The ratio of normal to atretic primordial follicles in the control group was 62.5. Then it became lower with time after the irradiation. It went down to 51.6, 49.0, 11.1 and 7.1 at 0, 3, 6 and 12 h, respectively. The ratio of normal to atretic primary follicles in the control mouse ovary was 81.3. It was 80.0, 75.0, 45.5 and 33. 3 at 0, 3, 6 and 12 h after irradiation, respectively. It is concluded that the ionizing radiation acutely induces the degeneration of primordial and primary follicles. The pattern of degeneration is one of the following: (1) apoptosis of one or more granulosa cells with a relatively intact oocyte, (2) apoptosis of an oocyte with intact follicle cells, or (3) apoptotic degenerations of both kinds of cells. These results can provide morphological clues for the identification of the degenerating primordial and primary follicles in normal and irradiated mouse ovaries.
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Abstract
The present study was performed to obtain the evidence of the radioprotective function of melatonin on gamma-radiation-induced follicular atresia in mouse ovary. Three-week-old immature mice received 10 and 100 microg of melatonin dissolved in 100 microl of the alcoholic saline. Two hours after the treatments, they were whole-body irradiated with a dose of LD(80(30)) (8.3 Gy). The ovaries were dissected out of the animals at -2, 2, 8, 14 h after the onset of irradiation. The total number of follicles including the normal and atretic follicles examined in the largest cross sections was 125. The number was reduced to 103 in the irradiated group. The number of primordial follicles of the irradiation group or the melatonin-treated group was smaller than that of the control group. However, the number of primary, preantral, and antral follicles was not different from that of the control group. In the group pretreated with 100 microg of melatonin before irradiation, the ratio of normal primordial follicles was significantly higher than that of the irradiation group at any time point after irradiation. The high concentration of melatonin also reduced the radiation-induced degeneration of the primary follicles at 14 h after irradiation. On the other hand, the pretreatment of 10 microg of melatonin had little or no effect on the radiation-induced degeneration of primary follicles. However, it gave a protective effect on the radiation-induced degeneration in the primordial follicles at 2 h after irradiation, and 14 h after irradiation in preantral and antral follicles. From the above results, it is concluded that the exogenous melatonin has different functions depending on the follicle stages, and that the radioprotective effect of exogenous melatonin on the follicular degeneration is related to its concentration.
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