101
|
Smith GJ, Charlton RK, Grisham JW, Kaufman DG. Increased sensitivity for detection of carcinogen-induced DNA repair with the chain terminator dideoxythymidine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978; 83:1538-44. [PMID: 100116 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)91396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
102
|
Grisham JW, Charlton RK, Kaufman DG. In vitro assay of cytotoxicity with cultured liver: accomplishments and possibilities. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 1978; 25:161-171. [PMID: 363407 PMCID: PMC1637199 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7825161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue cultures offer potential advantages for assaying the toxicity of chemicals and for evaluating tissue susceptibility to toxic agents. Several properties of cultured cells hinder the immediate, widespread use of tissue cultures to assay toxicity routinely. These points are illustrated by briefly reviewing attempts to utilize different types of hepatic cultures to evaluate the actions of carcinogenic chemicals in vitro. Hepatocytes in vivo apparently can metabolize all known procarcinogenic chemicals, but the process of tissue isolation and the environmental conditions in vitro may modify drastically the responses of hepatocytes and other cultured hepatic cells to toxic chemicals. Before cell cultures can be used routinely as the basis of screening systems to detect chemical toxins, specificity and sensitivity of response to chemicals representing all chemical classes must be validated by laboratory studies.
Collapse
|
103
|
Greenberg DS, Grisham JW, Bell WN, Baker MS, Kaufman DG. Differing effects of isoleucine deficiency on the toxicity of MNNG for 10T1/2 and CHO cells. IN VITRO 1978; 14:516-21. [PMID: 680771 DOI: 10.1007/bf02616093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Isoleucine deficiency sensitizes C3H 10T1/2 cells to the cytotoxic effects of MNNG. Synchrony of proliferation is not required for this effect since it occurs prior to full growth arrest and subsequent establishment of synchronous proliferation after refeeding in complete medium. Furthermore, confluence arrest of proliferation of 10T1/2 cells does not affect their cytotoxic response to MNNG, although they proliferate synchronously after replating at low density. In contrast, the toxicity of MNNG for CHO cells is not altered by isoleucine deficiency, even though these cells are readily synchronized by refeeding in complete medium after transient isoleucine deficiency.
Collapse
|
104
|
Zwilling BS, Springer ST, Kaufman DG. Effect of systemic administration of BCG cell walls on bronchogenic carcinoma in hamsters. J Natl Cancer Inst 1977; 58:1473-7. [PMID: 323508 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/58.5.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic injection of BCG cell walls was evaluated for effects on the development of respiratory tract tumors induced by intratracheal instillation of benzo[a]pyrene plus Fe2O3 in Syrian hamsters. Only 74% of animals developed respiratory tract tumors at the dose level of benzo[a]pyrene used. Treatment with BCG cell walls reduced the incidence of respiratory tract tumors to 50%. A similar effect of treatment with BCG cell walls was found when only malignant tumors of the respiratory tract were considered. Both single and multiple injections of BCG cell walls effectively reduced the incidence of respiratory tract tumors.
Collapse
|
105
|
Swann PF, Magee PN, Mohr U, Reznik G, Green U, Kaufman DG. Possible repair of carcinogenic damage caused by dimethylnitrosamine in rat kidney. Nature 1976; 263:134-6. [PMID: 967245 DOI: 10.1038/263134a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
106
|
Kaufman DG. Biochemical studies of isolated hamster tracheal epithelium. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 1976; 16:99-110. [PMID: 1017424 PMCID: PMC1475227 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.761699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial lining of respiratory air passageways is a primary target tissue for toxicity and carcinogenesis in man and in animal models of human disease. The importance of this target tissue was the basis for development of methods to study its biochemistry, and with this information to distinguish the unique properties of this tissue from properties common to all cell types. Biochemical methods employed labeling of macromolecules in isolated hamster treacheas during brief (less than 4 hr) incubation in vitro. Studies of RNA metabolism in isolated tracheas demonstrated a pattern of maturation of ribosomal RNA like that shown for other cell types. Alterations in RNA metabolism were observed in isolated tracheas obtained from vitamin A-deficient hamsters and hamsters previously treated by intratracheal administration of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) plus ferric oxide (Fe2O3) in vivo. Studies with toyocamycin, actinomycin D, and alpha-amanitin, all inhibitors of RNA metabolism, were performed to characterize the class of RNA molecules with a decreased proportion of labeling in tracheas from vitamin A deficient hamsters. In another series of experiments, BP was shown to bind to DNA in epithelial cells of isolated tracheas. The quantity of BP binding was increased by prior intratracheal treatment of hamsters with BP plus Fe2O3 in vivo, this induced binding was inhibited by addition of 7,8-benzoflavone to the incubation medium. Increased BP binding was also observed in isolated tracheas from hamsters believed to be in states of increased susceptibility to respiratory carcinogenesis in vivo. The results show that biochemical studies are feasible with this tissue. Furthermore, a number of questions of importance with regard to this target epithelium are best studied directly in its constituent cells.
Collapse
|
107
|
Harris CC, Frank AL, van Haaften C, Kaufman DG, Connor R, Jackson F, Barrett LA, McDowell EM, Trump BF. Binding of (3H)benzo(a)pyrene to DNA in cultured human bronchus. Cancer Res 1976; 36:1011-8. [PMID: 1253163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The studies reported here demonstrate some of the factors affecting the binding of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) to macromolecules in cultured human bronchial mucosa. Bronchial specimens were obtained at either surgy or "immediate" autopsy from patients with and without lung cancer. Grossly normal-appearing pieces of bronchus were cultured in a chemically defined medium, i.e., CMRL 1066 medium containing 1 mug insulin per ml, 0.1 mug beta-retinyl acetate per ml,, 0.1 mug hydrocortisone hemisuccinate per ml, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 units penicillin G per ml, and 100 mug streptomycin per ml. After 7 days, explant cultures were exposed to [3H]BP, usually for 24 hr, and then binding to total cellular macromolecules was studied by autoradiography, and binding to DNA was measured following isolation of DNA from bronchial mucosal cells. The extent of binding of [3H]BP was dependent on dose of BP, length of exposure to [3H]BP, and temperature. By autoradiography, bronchial epithelial cells bound more [3H]BP than stromal fibroblasts. Both 7,8-benzoflavone and butylated hydroxytoluene appeared to reduce the level of [3H]BP bound to DNA, while nicotine apparently did not alter the level of binding. These studies demonstrate that the bronchial mucosa, an important human cancer target tissue, has the capability to form metabolites of BP which bind to macromolecules including DNA. In addition, 7,8-benzoflavone and butylated hydroxytoluene, both known to alter the microsomal metabolism of BP, reduce the level of [3H]BP bound to DNA.
Collapse
|
108
|
|
109
|
Genta VM, Kaufman DG, Kaufmann WK. A method for fractionating rat liver cell nuclei on equilibrium density gradients of CS2SO4. Anal Biochem 1975; 67:279-89. [PMID: 1147234 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(75)90295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
110
|
Abstract
Experimental models have been developed for the induction of carcinoma of the larynx and for the study of its pathogenesis. The hamster has been the animal of choice. Polynuclear hydrocarbons, administered intratracheally, induce mostly squamous cell carcinomas. Diethylnitrosamine given systemically induces papillary tumors; some other N-nitroso-compounds given topically or systemically also induce laryngeal tumors, including carcinomas. Cigarette smoke inhalation induces preneoplastic and early neoplastic lesions of the larynx, including some invasive carcinomas. In vivo and in vitro methods have been developed for the morphological and biochemical study of target tissues in respiratory epithelial carcinogenesis to identify critical pathogenetic steps and their inhibition. These methods are now applicable to the in vitro study of human laryngeal epithelium and its susceptibility to cancer induction and prevention.
Collapse
|
111
|
Henry MC, Port CD, Kaufman DG. Importance of physical properties of benzo(a)pyrene-ferric oxide mixtures in lung tumor induction. Cancer Res 1975; 35:207-17. [PMID: 1109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three mixtures of benzo(alpha)(a)pyrene (BP) and ferric oxide with different physical properties were given intratracheally to Syrian golden hamsters for an examination of their neoplastic potential. Hamsters treated with a preparation containing large aggregates of BP and ferric oxide resulting from nucleation of BP on the particles showed an earlier onset and higher incidence of respiratory tract tumors than animals given a mixture containing smaller aggregates prepared by hand-grinding. The greatest number of tumors were present in the trachea and the predominant type was the squamous carcinoma. A third preparation in which the carcinogen was not attached to the ferric oxide showed a low tumor incidence similar to that present after intratracheal intubation of BP in gelatin without a carrier particle. For this model system of respiratory carcinogenesis, the physical attachment of BP and the carrier dust is necessary for a high tumor yield.
Collapse
|
112
|
Harris CC, Genta VM, Frank AL, Kaufman DG, Barrett LA, McDowell EM, Trump BF. Carcinogenic polynuclear hydrocarbons bind to macromolecules in cultured human bronchi. Nature 1974; 252:68-9. [PMID: 4427685 DOI: 10.1038/252068a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
113
|
Montesano R, Saffiotti U, Ferrero A, Kaufman DG. Synergistic effects of benzo(alpha)pyrene and diethylnitrosamine on respiratory carcinogenesis in hamsters. J Natl Cancer Inst 1974; 53:1395-7. [PMID: 4431056 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/53.5.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
114
|
Harris CC, Kaufman DG, Jackson F, Smith JM, Dedick P, Saffiotti U. Atypical cilia in the tracheobronchial epithelium of the hamster during respiratory carcinogenesis. J Pathol 1974; 114:17-9. [PMID: 4436737 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711140105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
115
|
Genta VM, Kaufman DG, Harris CC, Smith JM, Sporn MB, Saffiotti U. Vitamin A deficiency enhances binding of benzo(a)pyrene to tracheal epithelial DNA. Nature 1974; 247:48-9. [PMID: 4808941 DOI: 10.1038/247048a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
116
|
Henry MC, Kaufman DG. Clearance of benzo(alpha)pyrene from hamster lungs after administration on coated particles. J Natl Cancer Inst 1973; 51:1961-4. [PMID: 4765392 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/51.6.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
117
|
Kaufman DG, Genta VM, Harris CC, Smith JM, Sporn MB, Saffiotti U. Binding of 3H-labeled benzo(a)pyrene to DNA in hamster tracheal epithelial cells. Cancer Res 1973; 33:2837-41. [PMID: 4748441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
118
|
Harris CC, Kaufman DG, Sporn MB, Boren H, Jackson F, Smith JM, Pauley J, Dedick P, Saffiotti U. Localization of benzo(a)pyrene-3H and alterations in nuclear chromatin caused by benzo(a)pyrene-ferric oxide in the hamster respiratory epithelium. Cancer Res 1973; 33:2842-8. [PMID: 4748442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
119
|
Port CD, Henry MC, Kaufman DG, Harris CC, Ketels KV. Acute changes in the surface morphology of hamster tracheobronchial epithelium following benzo(a)pyrene and ferric oxide administration. Cancer Res 1973; 33:2498-506. [PMID: 4741939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
120
|
Harris CC, Kaufman DG, Sporn MB, Smith JM, Jackson F, Saffiotti U. Ultrastructural effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on the tracheobronchial epithelium of the Syrian golden hamster. Int J Cancer 1973; 12:259-69. [PMID: 4790707 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910120127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
121
|
Swann PF, Kaufman DG. The dose response for the induction of kidney tumours in the rat by a single dose of dimethylnitrosamine. Br J Cancer 1973; 28:83-4. [PMID: 4724623 PMCID: PMC2009056 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1973.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
122
|
Henry MC, Port CD, Bates RR, Kaufman DG. Respiratory tract tumors in hamsters induced by benzo(a)pyrene. Cancer Res 1973; 33:1585-92. [PMID: 4721222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
123
|
Harris CC, Kaufman DG, Sporn MB, Staffiotti U. Histogenesis of squamous metaplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the respiratory epithelium in an animal model. CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY REPORTS. PART 3 1973; 4:43-7. [PMID: 4729337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
124
|
Sellakumar AR, Montesano R, Saffiotti U, Kaufman DG. Hamster respiratory carcinogenesis induced by benzo(a)pyrene and different dose levels of ferric oxide. J Natl Cancer Inst 1973; 50:507-10. [PMID: 4702121 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/50.2.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
|
125
|
Grisham JW, Kaufman DG, Stenstrom ML. 3 H-dTTP incorporating activities in isolated rat liver nuclei. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 49:420-7. [PMID: 4640366 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|