101
|
Martino E. Endocrinology and art. Portrait of Antonietta Gonzales Lavinia Fontana de Zappis (1552-1614). J Endocrinol Invest 2010; 33:511. [PMID: 20671413 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
102
|
Bogazzi F, Bartalena L, Martino E. Approach to the patient with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:2529-35. [PMID: 20525904 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amiodarone, a benzofuranic iodine-rich antiarrhythmic drug, causes thyroid dysfunction in 15-20% of cases. Although amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism poses no particular problem, amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. There are two main forms of AIT: type 1, a form of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, and type 2, a drug-induced destructive thyroiditis. However, mixed/indefinite forms exist that may be caused by both pathogenic mechanisms. Type 1 AIT usually occurs in abnormal thyroid glands, whereas type 2 AIT develops in apparently normal thyroid glands (or small goiters). Diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis is easy, based on the finding of increased free thyroid hormone concentrations and suppressed TSH levels. Thyroid radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake values are usually very low/suppressed in type 2 AIT, most commonly low or low-normal, but sometimes normal or increased in type 1 AIT despite the iodine load. Color flow Doppler sonography shows absent hypervascularity in type 2 and increased vascularity in type 1 AIT. Mixed/indefinite forms may have features of both AIT types. Thionamides represent the first-line treatment for type 1 AIT, but the iodine-replete gland is not very responsive; potassium perchlorate, by inhibiting thyroid iodine uptake, may increase the response to thionamides. Type 2 AIT is best treated by oral glucocorticoids. The response very much depends on the thyroid volume and the severity of thyrotoxicosis. Mixed/indefinite forms may require a combination of thionamides, potassium perchlorate, and steroids. RAI is usually not feasible in AIT due to low RAI uptake values. Thyroidectomy represents a valid option in cases resistant to medical therapy.
Collapse
|
103
|
Martino E. Endocrinology and Art. Kate's Madness - Johann Heinrich Füssli (1741-1825). J Endocrinol Invest 2010; 33:438. [PMID: 20631498 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
104
|
Copinschi G, Nedeltcheva A, Leproult R, Morselli LL, Spiegel K, Martino E, Legros JJ, Weiss RE, Mockel J, Van Cauter E. Sleep disturbances, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life in adults with growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:2195-202. [PMID: 20332249 PMCID: PMC2869538 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Low energy and fatigue are frequent complaints in subjects with GH deficiency (GHD). Because interrelations between sleep and GH regulation are well documented, these complaints could partly reflect alterations of sleep quality. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine objective and subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in adult GHD patients. SUBJECTS Thirty patients, aged 19-74 yr, with untreated GHD (primary pituitary defects confirmed or likely in 26 patients, hypothalamic origin in four patients), and 30 healthy controls individually matched for gender, age, and body mass index participated in the study. Patients with associated pituitary deficiencies (n = 28) were on hormonal replacement therapy. METHODS Polygraphic sleep recordings, assessment of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Quality of Life Assessment for GHD in Adults were measured. RESULTS Irrespective of etiology, GHD patients had a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score above the clinical cutoff for poor sleep and lower Quality of Life Assessment for GHD in Adults scores than controls, with tiredness being the most affected domain. Patients with pituitary GHD spent more time in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and had a higher intensity of SWS than their controls. Among these patients, older individuals obtained less total sleep than controls, and their late sleep was more fragmented. Contrasting with pituitary GHD, the four patients with hypothalamic GHD had lower intensity of SWS than their controls. CONCLUSIONS GHD is associated with sleep disorders that may be caused by specific hormonal alterations as well as with poor subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. Disturbed sleep is likely to be partly responsible for increased tiredness, a major component of quality of life in GHD.
Collapse
|
105
|
Martino E. Endocrinology and art. Virgin and child with Saints Rosalia, Peter and Paul - Antoon van Dijck (1599-1641). J Endocrinol Invest 2010; 33:362. [PMID: 20534971 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
106
|
Martino E. Endocrinology and art. The family of the infant Don Luis. Francisco José de Goya y Luciente (1746-1828). J Endocrinol Invest 2010; 33:208. [PMID: 20418656 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
107
|
Bogazzi F, Nacci A, Campomori A, La Vela R, Rossi G, Lombardi M, Fattori B, Bartalena L, Ursino F, Martino E. Analysis of voice in patients with untreated active acromegaly. J Endocrinol Invest 2010; 33:178-85. [PMID: 20418653 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voice changes are common clinical findings of acromegaly, although scanty data are available so far. OBJECTIVE To analyze features and quantify changes of voice in patients with untreated active acromegaly. DESIGN AND METHODS This was a pilot case-control study. Voice was analyzed using the Multi Dimensional Voice Program software, which generates 33 parameters related to fundamental frequency (F0), micro-perturbation of F0 and amplitude, noise, tremor, voice breaks and irregularities, and diplophony. PATIENTS Thirteen consecutive patients (8 women, 5 men, mean age 48+/-9 yr) with active acromegaly, at first diagnosis, and 13 sex- and age-matched normal subjects (controls). RESULTS Patients with untreated active acromegaly had mean values of parameters related to F0 significantly lower than those of controls, although mostly remaining in the normal range. Most acromegalic patients had micro-perturbation of F0, as indicated by higher mean of absolute or percentage jitter values than those of controls; micro-perturbation of amplitude was a common feature of voice in most acromegalic men. Noise-related parameters were also affected by acromegaly, being higher in male acromegalic patients than in controls and acromegalic women. On the contrary, parameters related to tremors, voice breaks, voice irregularities and diplophony did not differ in acromegalic patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS Patients with untreated active acromegaly had low-pitched voice characterized by lowering F0 and increased values related to noise, micro perturbation of frequency, and amplitude.
Collapse
|
108
|
Martino E. Endocrinology and art. David returning triumphant with the head of Goliath. Antiveduto Grammatica (1571-1626) Rome, Italy. J Endocrinol Invest 2010; 33:134. [PMID: 20348839 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
109
|
Bogazzi F, Lombardi M, Strata E, Aquaro G, Lombardi M, Urbani C, Di Bello V, Cosci C, Sardella C, Talini E, Martino E. Effects of somatostatin analogues on acromegalic cardiomyopathy: results from a prospective study using cardiac magnetic resonance. J Endocrinol Invest 2010; 33:103-8. [PMID: 20348836 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is the main finding of patients with active acromegaly at cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). The aim of the study was to evaluate heart changes in acromegalic patients treated with somatostatin analogues (SMSA) using CMR. DESIGN AND PATIENTS This was a prospective study. Fourteen consecutive patients (8 women, mean age 46+/-10 yr) with untreated active acromegaly were submitted to CMR and 2D-color Doppler echocardiography before and after a 6-month SMSA course. MEASUREMENTS LV volume, mass (LVM) and wall thickness. RESULTS CMR: Mean LVM and LVM index (i) decreased from 151+/-17 g and 77+/-9 g/m2, to 144+/-24 g and 70+/-12 g/m2, respectively (p=0.047 and p<0.0001, respectively); LV hypertrophy reverted in 6 out of 10 patients (p=0.016). Systolic function, evaluated by measuring LV ejection fraction remained normal in all patients (67+/-11%). There was not a correlation between changes in LVMi and changes in serum IGF-I concentrations. However, patients with controlled disease had higher reduction of LVMi than those with uncontrolled acromegaly (DeltaLVMi, -8.2+/-4.2 vs 4.0+/-5.3 p<0.05). 2D-echo cardiography: Mean LVMi decreased from 110+/-24 g/m2 to 100+/-20 g/m2 (p=0.026); hypertrophy, revealed in 5 patients (36%) at baseline, reversed in 2 patients (p=0.500) after SMSA; abnormal diastolic function [evaluated by isovolumic relaxation time or early (E) to late of atrial (A) peak velocities ratio] found in 4 patients (29%) at the study entry, improved in a patient. Systolic function remained within the normal range in all patients during the study period. CONCLUSIONS CMR detects changes in LVMi in most patients with acromegaly treated with SMSA, which are more evident if the disease is controlled.
Collapse
|
110
|
Bogazzi F, Giovannetti C, Fessehatsion R, Tanda ML, Campomori A, Compri E, Rossi G, Ceccarelli C, Vitti P, Pinchera A, Bartalena L, Martino E. Impact of lithium on efficacy of radioactive iodine therapy for Graves' disease: a cohort study on cure rate, time to cure, and frequency of increased serum thyroxine after antithyroid drug withdrawal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:201-8. [PMID: 19906789 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Radioactive iodine (RAI) is a common therapy for hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease. A small but significant proportion of patients have recurrence of hyperthyroidism after RAI therapy. Lithium might increase RAI effectiveness by increasing RAI retention in the thyroid. However, whether lithium favorably affects the long-term outcome of RAI therapy is still a matter of argument. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of RAI given with or without concomitant lithium treatment. DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study. SETTING The study was conducted at a tertiary university center. PATIENTS Six hundred fifty-one patients with newly diagnosed Graves' disease participated in the study. INTERVENTION Two hundred ninety-eight patients were treated with RAI plus lithium (900 mg/d for 12 d) and 353 with RAI alone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proportion of cured patients and time to achieve cure of hyperthyroidism during 1 yr of follow-up was measured. RESULTS PATIENTS treated with RAI plus lithium had a higher cure rate (91.0%) than those treated with RAI alone (85.0%, P = 0.030). In addition, patients treated with RAI plus lithium were cured more rapidly (median 60 d) than those treated with RAI alone (median 90 d, P = 0.000). Treatment with lithium prevented the serum free T(4) increase after methimazole withdrawal and RAI therapy. Side effects after RAI therapy occurred in a subset of patients and were mild, transient, and without differences in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS RAI combined with lithium is safe and more effective than RAI alone in the cure of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease.
Collapse
|
111
|
Bogazzi F, Tomisti L, Ceccarelli C, Martino E. Recombinant human TSH as an adjuvant to radioiodine for the treatment of type 1 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: a cautionary note. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010; 72:133-4. [PMID: 19508595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
112
|
Lupi I, Manetti L, Caturegli P, Menicagli M, Cosottini M, Iannelli A, Acerbi G, Bevilacqua G, Bogazzi F, Martino E. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes but not serum pituitary antibodies are associated with poor clinical outcome after surgery in patients with pituitary adenoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:289-96. [PMID: 19875479 PMCID: PMC2805498 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Serum pituitary antibodies (Pit Abs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been described in pituitary adenomas, but their clinical significance remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess Pit Abs and TILs prevalence in pituitary adenomas and their influence on clinical outcome. DESIGN This was a prevalence case-control study. PATIENTS AND SETTING Two hundred ninety-one pituitary adenoma cases (110 non-secreting, 30 ACTH-69 GH-71 prolactin- and 13 TSH-secreting adenoma; 177 operated and 114 untreated), 409 healthy controls, and 14 autoimmune hypophysitis were enrolled in a tertiary referral center. INTERVENTION Pit Abs were measured using immunofluorescence in all cases and controls (n = 714). The presence of TILs was evaluated using CD45 staining in a subset of adenomas surgically treated (n = 72). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Clinical response of pituitary adenoma after surgery was evaluated. RESULTS Pit Abs prevalence was higher in adenomas (5.1%) than healthy subjects (0.7%, P < 0.0001) and lower than in autoimmune hypophysitis patients (57%, P < 0.0001). Similarly, TILs prevalence was higher in adenomas than normal pituitary (P = 0.01) and lower than in autoimmune hypophysitis (P < 0.0001). No correlation between Pit Abs and TILs was found (P = 0.78). A poor clinical outcome was more common in adenoma patients with TILs (11 of 18, 61%) than in those without (17 of 54, 31%, P = 0.026). Multivariate regression analysis identified the presence of TILs as independent prognostic factor for persistence/recurrence of pituitary adenoma. CONCLUSIONS TILs and Pit Abs are present in a significant number of pituitary adenoma patients. Cell-mediated immunity appears to be predictive of a less favorable clinical outcome.
Collapse
|
113
|
Sardella C, Lombardi M, Rossi G, Cosci C, Brogioni S, Scattina I, Webb SM, Gasperi M, Martino E, Bogazzi F. Short- and long-term changes of quality of life in patients with acromegaly: results from a prospective study. J Endocrinol Invest 2010; 33:20-5. [PMID: 20203538 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life (QoL) may be affected in acromegalic patients, although the role of disease activity is still unsettled. The aim of the study was to assess the QoL of acromegalic patients with a specific questionnaire (ACROQOL). ACROQOL was evaluated in a prospective study (at baseline, at 6 and 24 months) in 23 active untreated acromegalic patients. Control of acromegaly was defined by normal age-matched serum IGF-I concentrations. Patient groups were defined as controlled or uncontrolled at 6 months and at 24 months: controlled or uncontrolled during the entire study period (ACRO(CC) or ACRO(NC), respectively) or uncontrolled at 6 months and controlled thereafter (ACRO(C)). At 6 months, ACROQOL scores improved globally (from 54.3+/-21 to 65.1+/-19, p=0.04) as did subdomains and were inversely related to IGF-I variation (r=-0.50, p=0.052). At 24 months, ACROQOL improved globally (from 54.3+/-21 to 65.7+/-18.0, p=0.04) and this was also seen in the appearance subdomains; however, no correlation was revealed between variation of serum IGF-I concentrations and changes in ACROQOL total score (r=0.008, p=0.87). ACROQOL scores did not significantly change in ACRO(NC) (p=0.310) and in ACRO(C) (p=0.583), whereas it improved globally (from 42.1+/-22.1 to 58.8+/-16.04, p=0.021) and in psychological subdomains in ACRO(CC); however, it reflected the improvement occurred within the first 6 months of disease control. In conclusion, successful treatment, which normalizes disease activity, improves QoL in acromegaly in the short term. However, the lack of correlation between the ACROQOL score in the long term might suggest that factors other than serum IGF-I participate in the well-being of acromegalic patients; however, due to the small sample size, our results need to be confirmed in larger studies.
Collapse
|
114
|
Martino E. Endocrinology and art. The nativity--predella of "The majesty". Duccio di Buoninsegna (1255-1318) Siena, Italy. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:943. [PMID: 20134258 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
115
|
Martino E. Endocrinology and art. Monna Vanna (detail) Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882). J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:867. [PMID: 20065625 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
116
|
Abbà S, Khouja HR, Martino E, Archer DB, Perotto S. SOD1-targeted gene disruption in the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius reduces conidiation and the capacity for mycorrhization. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2009; 22:1412-21. [PMID: 19810810 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-22-11-1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The genome sequences of mycorrhizal fungi will provide new opportunities for studying the biology and the evolution underlying this symbiotic lifestyle. The generation of null mutants at the wild-type loci is one of the best methods for gene-function assignment in the post-genomic era. To our knowledge, the generation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-null mutants in the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius is the first example of a gene-targeted disruption via homologous recombination in a mycorrhizal fungus. The disruption of OmSOD1 by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation resulted in the presence of oxidative stress markers, even in the absence of external superimposed stresses, and an increased sensitivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating substances, especially to menadione. A reduction in conidiation and in the percentage of mycorrhization of Vaccinium myrtillus roots was also observed. The latter findings establish the pivotal role of SOD1 as an important factor in the relationship between O. maius and its symbiotic partner. The lack of this ROS-scavenger may cause an imbalance in the redox homeostasis during host colonization and an alteration in the delicate dialogue between the fungus and its host plant.
Collapse
|
117
|
Noto D, Niglio T, Cefalù AB, Martino E, Fayer F, Mina M, Valenti V, Notarbartolo A, Averna M, Martino F. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in a student cohort from Southern Italy. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 19:620-625. [PMID: 19261454 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors present in childhood predict future CV events. Few data regarding the metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence are available in adolescents from Mediterranean areas where obesity is becoming a social emergency. This study presents data of MS prevalence in a student cohort from southern Italy. METHODS AND RESULTS 1629 students between 7 and 14 years of age underwent anthropometric measurements and a blood sample was obtained to assess biochemical parameters. MS risk factors were calculated based on age and gender adjusted percentiles of parameter distributions. MS prevalence rate was 0.022 using paediatric, age-adjusted criteria; the rate increased to 0.029 using a 90th percentile criteria for fasting blood glucose instead of >100mg/dL. Using the criteria issued by the International Diabetes Federation the MS prevalence rate dropped to 0.005. The exploratory factor analysis identified four factors: age/fat related, lipids, blood pressure and blood glucose. Family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with triglyceride [OR=1.55 (1.0-2.3)] and BMI [OR=1.71 (1.2-2.4)] but not to blood glucose by logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS In a student cohort from Southern Italy, obesity is associated with the features of MS.
Collapse
|
118
|
Macchia E, Gasperi M, Lombardi M, Morselli L, Pinchera A, Acerbi G, Rossi G, Martino E. Clinical aspects and therapeutic outcome in thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas: a single center experience. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:773-9. [PMID: 19636221 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The management of pituitary adenomas secreting TSH has evolved considerably over the last decades.We report the clinical features, management, and outcome of a large monocentric series. MATERIAL AND METHODS A monocentric retrospective cohort of 26 patients admitted to our Department of Endocrinology between 1983 and 2007, followed for a period up to 204 months. The diagnosis of TSH-secreting adenoma was based on clinical and biochemical findings of central hyperthyroidism. Evaluation of basal and dynamic pituitary function, magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography scan were performed in all patients. Twenty-two patients, of whom 15 pre-treated by somatostatin analogs (SSA), underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery and were regularly re-evaluated. RESULTS The number of cases increased over the years. Age at diagnosis, micro- to macroadenoma ratio, and mean estimated latency between first symptoms and diagnosis did not appreciably change over time. Latency was significantly shorter in macroadenomas. Following surgery, 55% of patients obtained remission (success rate of 40 and 67% in macro- and microadenomas, respectively). SSA pre-treatment led to an apparent although not statistically- significant increase in success rate in micro- but not in macroadenomas. CONCLUSIONS In a monocentric group of 26 TSH-secreting adenomas the high ratio between micro- and macroadenomas remained stable over time with a significantly shorter diagnosis latency in macroadenomas. A more precocious recognition of the tumors and possibly the use of presurgical SSA allowed a high remission rate. A varied combination of neurosurgery, SSA, radiotherapy, and thyroid ablation led to the control of the disease in all the patients studied.
Collapse
|
119
|
Bogazzi F, Ultimieri F, Raggi F, Russo D, Lombardi M, Cosci C, Brogioni S, Gasperi M, Bartalena L, Martino E. Reduced colonic apoptosis in mice overexpressing bovine growth hormone occurs through changes in several kinase pathways. Growth Horm IGF Res 2009; 19:432-441. [PMID: 19230732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growth hormone (GH) has antiapoptotic effects in several cell lines, including human colonic adenocarcinoma cells. In addition, it has been reported that patients with acromegaly have reduced apoptosis in colonic mucosa. The aim of the study was to investigate colonic apoptosis and underlying molecular mechanisms in transgenic mice overexpressing bovine GH (Acro) aged 3 months (young) or 9 months (elder). DESIGN AND METHODS Apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells was evaluated by TUNEL and Annexin V; expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins was assessed by Western blot. GH action was blocked treating Acro with a selective GH receptor antagonist. RESULTS Young and elder Acro had lower colonic apoptosis [driven by GH through p38, p44/42 and PI3 kinase pathways], than littermate controls; changes were abolished by treating Acro with a selective GH receptor antagonist. The effects of GH were consistent with an anti-apoptotic phenotype (reduced cytosolic cytochrome-c, Bad and Bax and increased Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL level) leading to lower activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Changes in apoptotic proteins reversed after treatment with a GH receptor antagonist, suggesting a direct effect of GH. In addition, antiapoptotic phenotype of Acro had a protective role against doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GH leads to increased and reduced levels of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins, respectively, lowering apoptosis in either young or elder transgenic animals through activation of several kinase pathways.
Collapse
|
120
|
Bogazzi F, Tomisti L, Rossi G, Dell'Unto E, Pepe P, Bartalena L, Martino E. Glucocorticoids are preferable to thionamides as first-line treatment for amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis due to destructive thyroiditis: a matched retrospective cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:3757-62. [PMID: 19622616 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is a destructive thyroiditis usually responsive to glucocorticoids; however, recent surveys showed that many expert thyroidologists worldwide use thionamides for type 2 AIT patients. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of methimazole (MMI) or prednisone (GLU) in type 2 AIT patients who had a short cure time according to a published predictive model. DESIGN This was a matched retrospective cohort study. SETTING The study was conducted at a university center. PATIENTS Forty-two untreated type 2 AIT patients with a predicted cure time < or = 40 d were divided into two groups (MMI and GLU groups). After matching for the predicted cure time, patients in the GLU group were selected in a 1:1 ratio to patients in the MMI group. INTERVENTION Patients were treated with GLU or MMI for 40 d. Patients still thyrotoxic after 40 d continued glucocorticoids if in the GLU group or were switched to prednisone (MMI-GLU group) if in the MMI group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Time and rate of cure (healing) at 40 d were measured. RESULTS Patients still thyrotoxic after 40 d were 23.8 +/- 9.3% in the GLU group and 85.7 +/- 7.6% in the MMI group (P = 0.000). The GLU and MMI-GLU groups did not significantly differ in the nonhealing rate at 40 d (P = 0.730). When patients in the MMI group were treated with glucocorticoids, 94.1% patients achieved euthyroidism within 40 d. However, the global median cure time (MMI period + prednisone period) was longer (60 d, 95% confidence interval 53.5-66.5 d) in the MMI-GLU group than the GLU group (21 d, 95% confidence interval 15.1-26.9 d). CONCLUSIONS Glucocorticoids are the first-line treatment in type 2 AIT, whereas thionamides play no role in this destructive thyroiditis.
Collapse
|
121
|
Martino E. Endocrinology and Art. Il banchetto di Antonio e Cleopatra. Giambattista Tiepolo (1696-1770). J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:717. [PMID: 19942823 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
122
|
|
123
|
Fabrini MG, Genovesi-Ebert F, Perrone F, De Liguoro M, Giovannetti C, Bogazzi F, Rizzo S, Martino E, Cionini L. A multimodal approach to the treatment of bilateral choroidal metastases from thyroid carcinoma. Rare Tumors 2009; 1:e4. [PMID: 21139898 PMCID: PMC2994427 DOI: 10.4081/rt.2009.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 58-year old man, affected by metastatic thyroid carcinoma, experienced a progressive bilateral visual impairment. Ophthalmic examination revealed the presence of a choroidal mass with an associated exudative retinal detachment in both eyes. Twelve years before, a diagnosis of metastatic thyroid carcinoma had been established and the patient had been subject to several therapeutic procedures. In May 2007, he received a radiotherapy treatment to the left eye with an episcleral plaque and bilateral bulbar injection of bevacizumab. The patient had a rapid and stable visual acuity recovery. Twenty months after treatment, the lesion treated with radiotherapy was still stable whereas the contra-lateral lesion had evolved and determined a vitreal hemorrhage.
Collapse
|
124
|
Reig S, de Villoria JG, Olazarán J, LaCalle M, Martino E, Mateos JM, Cruz I, García V, Desco M. Choice of reference region for the normalization of brain Cerebral Blood Volume maps in comparative studies. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
125
|
Martino E, Lombardi G. Endocrinology and art. Marble statue of an hermaphrodite. Anonymous (I century A.D.). J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:634. [PMID: 19893361 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|