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Tórtora G, Machín L, Ares G. Influence of nutritional warnings and other label features on consumers' choice: Results from an eye-tracking study. Food Res Int 2018; 119:605-611. [PMID: 30884695 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional warnings highlighting products with high content of nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases have emerged as a potentially efficient alternative to discourage consumption of unhealthful products. However, the relative influence of this front-of-pack nutrition information scheme compared to other label features is still under researched. In this context, the aim of the present work was to study the influence of nutritional warnings and other information commonly displayed on food labels to convey health associations on consumers' choice and visual attention. A choice-conjoint study using labels of cookies and crackers was implemented considering the following three variables: front-of-pack nutrition information (nutritional warnings vs. facts up front panel), nutrient claim (present vs. absent) and type of product (conveying health vs. hedonic associations). A total of 124 people completed the task using the monitor of an eye-tracker. Participants were asked to select the label they would prefer to buy if they were in a supermarket. Nutritional warnings were efficient in attracting consumers' attention and required less time and fewer fixations to process than the facts up front panel. In addition, their inclusion on the labels significantly discouraged consumers' choice of labels. However, type of product was the most important variable influencing the choice of both cookies and crackers. Results from the present work confirm the potential of nutritional warnings as directive front-of-pack nutrition labelling scheme and stress that they cannot be expected to cause radical changes in consumers' eating habits due to their competition with other product features. Instead, they are expected to encourage consumers to select the most healthful option within a product category.
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102
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Jaeger SR, Machín L, Aschemann-Witzel J, Antúnez L, Harker FR, Ares G. Buy, eat or discard? A case study with apples to explore fruit quality perception and food waste. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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103
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Vidal L, Antúnez L, Rodríguez-Haralambides A, Giménez A, Medina K, Boido E, Ares G. Relationship between astringency and phenolic composition of commercial Uruguayan Tannat wines: Application of boosted regression trees. Food Res Int 2018; 112:25-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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104
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Jaeger SR, Roigard CM, Ares G. Measuring consumers' product associations with emoji and emotion word questionnaires: case studies with tasted foods and written stimuli. Food Res Int 2018; 111:732-747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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105
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Jaeger SR, Swaney-Stueve M, Chheang SL, Hunter DC, Pineau B, Ares G. An assessment of the CATA-variant of the EsSense Profile®. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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106
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Aschemann-Witzel J, Giménez A, Ares G. Consumer in-store choice of suboptimal food to avoid food waste: The role of food category, communication and perception of quality dimensions. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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107
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Jaeger SR, Xia Y, Lee PY, Hunter DC, Beresford MK, Ares G. Emoji questionnaires can be used with a range of population segments: Findings relating to age, gender and frequency of emoji/emoticon use. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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108
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Ares G, Varela F, Machin L, Antúnez L, Giménez A, Curutchet MR, Aschemann-Witzel J. Comparative performance of three interpretative front-of-pack nutrition labelling schemes: Insights for policy making. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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109
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Jaeger SR, Lee SM, Kim KO, Chheang SL, Roigard CM, Ares G. CATA and RATA questions for product-focused emotion research: Five case studies using emoji questionnaires. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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110
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Antúnez L, Giménez A, Vidal L, Ares G. Partial replacement of NaCl with KCl in bread: Effect on sensory characteristics and consumer perception. J SENS STUD 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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111
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Ares G, Picallo A, Coste B, Antúnez L, Vidal L, Giménez A, Jaeger SR. A comparison of RATA questions with descriptive analysis: Insights from three studies with complex/similar products. J SENS STUD 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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112
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Machín L, Aschemann-Witzel J, Curutchet MR, Giménez A, Ares G. Traffic Light System Can Increase Healthfulness Perception: Implications for Policy Making. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 50:668-674. [PMID: 29627330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate how information about low nutrient content included in the traffic light labeling system influences consumers' perception of the healthfulness of products with high content of 1 key nutrient, and to compare the traffic light system with warnings in terms of the perception of healthfulness. DESIGN Images of front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labels (the traffic light labeling system with different numbers of nutrients with low content, and warnings) were evaluated in study 1, whereas product labels featuring the different FOP nutrition labels were evaluated in study 2. SETTING Online studies conducted in Montevideo, Uruguay. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1,228 Uruguayan Facebook users. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Perception of healthfulness. ANALYSIS The researchers used ANOVA to evaluate the influence of FOP nutrition labels on perceived healthfulness. RESULTS The inclusion of information about low nutrient content in the traffic light system statistically significantly increased the perception of the healthfulness of products with high nutrient content. Nutritional warnings showed healthfulness ratings similar to those of the simplified version of the traffic light system. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Information about low nutrient content in the traffic light system might be used to infer health, and thus could raise the perception of healthfulness and decrease the traffic light system's efficacy in discouraging the consumption of unhealthful products. A simplified version of the traffic light highlighting only high-nutrient content or nutritional warnings seems to overcome this problem.
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113
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Jaeger SR, Spinelli S, Ares G, Monteleone E. Linking product-elicited emotional associations and sensory perceptions through a circumplex model based on valence and arousal: Five consumer studies. Food Res Int 2018; 109:626-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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114
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Vidal L, Ares G, Hedderley DI, Meyners M, Jaeger SR. Comparison of rate-all-that-apply (RATA) and check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions across seven consumer studies. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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115
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Vidal L, Antúnez L, Giménez A, Medina K, Boido E, Ares G. Astringency evaluation of Tannat wines: Comparison of assessments from trained assessors and experts. J SENS STUD 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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116
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Tórtora G, Ares G. Influence of time orientation on food choice: Case study with cookie labels. Food Res Int 2018; 106:706-711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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117
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Ares G, Aschemann-Witzel J, Curutchet MR, Antúnez L, Machín L, Vidal L, Giménez A. Product reformulation in the context of nutritional warning labels: Exploration of consumer preferences towards food concepts in three food categories. Food Res Int 2018; 107:669-674. [PMID: 29580533 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reformulation of the food products available in the marketplace to improve their nutritional quality has been identified as one of the most cost-effective policies for controlling the global obesity pandemic. Front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labelling is one of the strategies that has been suggested to encourage the food industry to reformulate their products. However, the extent to which certain FOP labels can encourage product reformulation is dependent on consumer reaction. The aim of the present work was to assess consumers' perception towards product reformulation in the context of the implementation of nutritional warnings, an interpretive FOP nutrition labelling scheme. Three product categories were selected as target products: bread, cream cheese and yogurt, each associated with high content of one target nutrient. For each category, six packages were designed using a 3 × 2 experimental design with the following variables: product version (regular, nutrient-reduced and nutrient-free) and brand (market leader and non-market leader). A total 306 Uruguayan participants completed a choice experiment with 18 choice sets. Reformulated products without nutritional warnings were preferred by participants compared to regular products with nutritional warnings. No apparent preference for products reformulated into nutrient-reduced or nutrient-free product versions was found, although differences depended on the product category and the specific reformulation strategy. Preference for reformulated products without nutritional warnings was more pronounced for non-market leaders. Results from the present work suggest that reformulation of foods in the context of the implementation of nutritional warnings holds potential to encourage consumers to make more healthful food choices and to cause a reduction of their intake of nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases.
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118
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119
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Lima M, Ares G, Deliza R. How do front of pack nutrition labels affect healthfulness perception of foods targeted at children? Insights from Brazilian children and parents. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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120
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Jaeger SR, Alcaire F, Hunter DC, Jin D, Castura JC, Ares G. Number of terms to use in temporal check-all-that-apply studies (TCATA and TCATA Fading) for sensory product characterization by consumers. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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121
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Lima M, Ares G, Deliza R. Children and adults' sensory and hedonic perception of added sugar reduction in grape nectar. J SENS STUD 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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122
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Machín L, Aschemann-Witzel J, Patiño A, Moratorio X, Bandeira E, Curutchet MR, Martínez J, Bove I, Molina V, Giménez A, Ares G. Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing the Uruguayan Dietary Guidelines in Everyday Life: A Citizen Perspective. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2017; 45:511-523. [PMID: 29271250 DOI: 10.1177/1090198117744243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of the citizen's perception and behavior is needed for the development of targeted public policies and interventions that can successfully encourage people to shift their dietary patterns and contribute to the prevention of non-communicable diseases. The present work aimed to identify barriers and facilitators for the adoption of the new Uruguayan dietary guidelines from a citizen perspective. Twelve semistructured focus groups were conducted with a total of 91 people (81% female, age 18-64 years) from 3 Uruguayan cities. Findings identified several multifaceted barriers, including lack of value given to food, meals and cooking, taste preferences for unhealthy foods, the unsupportive social context in terms of household preferences, customs and social norms, and lack of control of the situation through insufficient food capabilities, time scarcity, and an adverse food market environment. The potential facilitators discussed in the focus groups were mainly related to policies and regulations to discourage consumption of unhealthful products and the provision of more education and information. In addition, respondents acknowledged the need for own actions in terms of seeking greater cooking skills and enjoyment, incorporating changes in their daily routines and promoting a more supportive social environment. Results suggest that supportive actions are needed to support citizen's adoption of the new Uruguayan dietary guidelines.
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123
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Vidal L, Antúnez L, Giménez A, Medina K, Boido E, Ares G. Sensory characterization of the astringency of commercial Uruguayan Tannat wines. Food Res Int 2017; 102:425-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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124
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Jaeger SR, Ares G. Dominant meanings of facial emoji: Insights from Chinese consumers and comparison with meanings from internet resources. Food Qual Prefer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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125
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Schnettler B, Lobos G, Miranda-Zapata E, Denegri M, Ares G, Hueche C. Diet Quality and Satisfaction with Life, Family Life, and Food-Related Life across Families: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study with Mother-Father-Adolescent Triads. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1313. [PMID: 29109387 PMCID: PMC5707952 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Family is a major determinant of children's and adolescents' eating behavior. The objectives of the present study were to assess diet quality, eating habits, satisfaction with life, family life, and food-related life in mother-father-adolescent triads, and to identify profiles of families according to family members' diet quality. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 300 two-parent families with one child over the age of 10 in the city of Temuco (Chile), including the Adapted Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFoL) scale, Satisfaction with Family Life (SWFaL) scales, and questions relating to their eating habits. Positive relationships were found between the diet quality of the family members, particularly between mothers and adolescents. Three family profiles with different diet qualities were identified: "families with an unhealthy diet" (39.3%), "families in which mothers and adolescents have healthy diets, but the fathers' diets require changes" (14.3%), and "families that require changes in their diet" (46.4%). These findings stress the key role of mothers in determining family diet quality and suggest a positive relationship between diet quality and satisfaction with life.
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