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Xing K, Huang G, Hua S, Xu G, Li M. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials on antibiotic treatment for osteomyelitis in diabetes. Diabet Med 2019; 36:546-556. [PMID: 30785639 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in osteomyelitis treatment among people with diabetes. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, Web of Science, the WHO trial registry, Cochrane library databases, and ClinicalTrials.gov, in addition to hand-searching, was undertaken in July 2018. Two reviewers independently extracted data. The studies' methodological quality was assessed using the modified Jadad scale. Descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS Seven randomized controlled trials, with 393 participants in total, were included. The antibiotic regimens, treatments and follow-up durations varied among the trials. The total scores showed that the overall methodological quality of the seven studies was high, despite two studies showing some flaws in double-blinding and withdrawals/drop-outs. Of four studies comparing different antibiotic regimens, three implied a similar remission effect, while one implied that ertapenem ± vancomycin treatment showed a higher remission rate than tigecycline treatment; this conclusion was not robust because of low power and small sample size. In the other three studies, which included two different doses of ciprofloxacin, an antibiotics group and a conservative surgical group, and two durations of the same antibiotic strategy, no significant differences in remission were reported between the groups. No difference was observed in the analyses of microbiological outcomes, superinfections and relapse, except adverse events. CONCLUSIONS There is no definitive evidence supporting the superiority of any particular antibiotic agent, dose, or administration duration in the treatment of osteomyelitis in diabetes. As the included studies had some flaws and limitations, further research is necessary.
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Chen R, Liang B, Wen B, Huang G, Ning C, Lao C, Jiang J, Liu J, Zhou B, Huang J, Chen J, Zang N, Liao Y, Mo D, Ye L, Liang H. No Difference in Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance between Injection Drug Users and Non-Injection Drug Users: A Cross-Sectional Study among Antiretroviral Treatment-Naïve HIV Patients. Intervirology 2019; 61:281-291. [PMID: 31018203 DOI: 10.1159/000499367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The epidemiological evidence is inconsistent about whether HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) are at higher risk of developing antiretroviral resistance than any other HIV-positive populations. This study aims to investigate and compare transmitted drug resistance (TDR) between IDUs and non-IDUs in Lingshan County, an HIV-hit region in Guangxi, China, where IDU and heterosexual transmission were the two dominant transmission routes and roughly equally contributed to the local HIV transmission. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among newly diagnosed and antiretroviral-treatment (ART)-naïve HIV-1 patients from Lingshan County. The pol gene of HIV-1 from the individuals was sequenced followed by genotyping and TDR analysis. RESULTS Two dominant transmission routes, heterosexual contact and IDU, accounted for 49.2 and 45.9% of 183 HIV-1 infection cases, respectively. Three genotypes, including CRF08_BC (70.6%), CRF01_AE (24.4%), and CRF07_BC (5.0%), and three unique recombinant forms (1.6%), were identified. There was a significant difference in genotype distribution among the different transmission routes (F = 21.814, p < 0.001). The overall TDR prevalence was 5.5%. There were no significant differences in TDR prevalence among the different transmission routes (F = 1.420, p = 0.439). CONCLUSIONS Injection drug use has little impact on TDR prevalence compared with other routes of transmission.
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Guan G, Tao L, Yue H, Liang W, Gong J, Bing J, Zheng Q, Veri AO, Fan S, Robbins N, Cowen LE, Huang G. Environment-induced same-sex mating in the yeast Candida albicans through the Hsf1-Hsp90 pathway. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e2006966. [PMID: 30865631 PMCID: PMC6415874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While sexual reproduction is pervasive in eukaryotic cells, the strategies employed by fungal species to achieve and complete sexual cycles is highly diverse and complex. Many fungi, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, are homothallic (able to mate with their own mitotic descendants) because of homothallic switching (HO) endonuclease-mediated mating-type switching. Under laboratory conditions, the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans can undergo both heterothallic and homothallic (opposite- and same-sex) mating. However, both mating modes require the presence of cells with two opposite mating types (MTLa/a and α/α) in close proximity. Given the predominant clonal feature of this yeast in the human host, both opposite- and same-sex mating would be rare in nature. In this study, we report that glucose starvation and oxidative stress, common environmental stresses encountered by the pathogen, induce the development of mating projections and efficiently permit same-sex mating in C. albicans with an "a" mating type (MTLa/a). This induction bypasses the requirement for the presence of cells with an opposite mating type and allows efficient sexual mating between cells derived from a single progenitor. Glucose starvation causes an increase in intracellular oxidative species, overwhelming the Heat Shock transcription Factor 1 (Hsf1)- and Heat shock protein (Hsp)90-mediated stress-response pathway. We further demonstrate that Candida TransActivating protein 4 (Cta4) and Cell Wall Transcription factor 1 (Cwt1), downstream effectors of the Hsf1-Hsp90 pathway, regulate same-sex mating in C. albicans through the transcriptional control of the master regulator of a-type mating, MTLa2, and the pheromone precursor-encoding gene Mating α factor precursor (MFα). Our results suggest that mating could occur much more frequently in nature than was originally appreciated and that same-sex mating could be an important mode of sexual reproduction in C. albicans.
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Mulholland S, Klein HA, Barwood GP, Donnellan S, Nisbet-Jones PBR, Huang G, Walsh G, Baird PEG, Gill P. Compact laser system for a laser-cooled ytterbium ion microwave frequency standard. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:033105. [PMID: 30927817 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of a transportable microwave frequency standard based on the ground-state transition of 171Yb+ at ∼12.6 GHz requires a compact laser system for cooling the ions, clearing out of long-lived states and also for photoionisation. In this paper, we describe the development of a suitable compact laser system based on a 6U height rack-mounted arrangement with overall dimensions 260 × 194 × 335 mm. Laser outputs at 369 nm (for cooling), 399 nm (photoionisation), 935 nm (repumping), and 760 nm (state clearout) are combined in a fiber arrangement for delivery to our linear ion trap and we demonstrate this system by cooling of 171Yb+ ions. Additionally, we demonstrate that the lasers at 935 nm and 760 nm are close in frequency to water vapor and oxygen absorption lines, respectively; specifically, at 760 nm, we show that one 171Yb+ transition is within the pressure broadened profile of an oxygen line. These molecular transitions form convenient wavelength references for the stabilization of lasers for a 171Yb+ frequency standard.
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Zhang S, Niu X, Huang G, Chen G, Xu X. Vapour Pressure above the Glassy Trehalose Solution and Glass Relaxation. CRYO LETTERS 2019; 40:247-256. [PMID: 31278406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data are scarce on thermophysical properties of the glassy trehalose solution at low temperatures. OBJECTIVE Water vapor pressure above the glassy trehalose solution and the relaxation behavior were studied at temperatures from -57°C to -40°C and at concentrations from 71% to 78% (w/w). MATERIALS AND METHODS Glassy trehalose solutions were prepared by quenching in liquid nitrogen. Vapour pressure was measured using the static method. RESULTS Vapour pressure above the glassy trehalose solution was slightly lower than above the glassy sucrose solution. The relaxation of the glassy state can be described by the stretched exponential Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) function. The characteristic times of water relaxation (Τp) were compared with those of enthalpy relaxation (Τe). When the difference (∆T) between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and ageing temperature was relatively small, i.e. ∆T ≤ 10 K, Τp is close to Τe. If ∆T ≥ 15 K, Τe will be much greater than Τp. CONCLUSION The difference of water vapor pressure above the trehalose glassy solution and sucrose glassy solution could lead to significant distinction between their drying kinetics.
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Zhang Q, Dong J, Meng Q, Huang G, Li S. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 1,4-Naphthoquinone Oxime Derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Huang G, Pan Z, Wang Y. Synthesis of sodium polyacrylate copolymers as water-based dispersants for ultrafine grinding of praseodymium zirconium silicate. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chen C, Zhai H, Huang G, Cheng J, Xia F, Zhao L, Chen Y, Chen Y, Han B, Li Q, Jiang B, Wang N, Lu Y. Is lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol associated with lower androgen and erectile dysfunction in men? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:1304-1310. [PMID: 30459056 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Therapeutic possibilities now exist to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to very low levels. However, substantial controversy remains in clinical practice with regard to its safety, and the question of whether low LDL-C levels per se may provoke adverse effects in humans arises. We aimed to explore the association of LDL-C with androgen and erectile dysfunction (ED) in a general population of men. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 4203 men without hormone replacement therapy were enrolled from 22 sites in East China. Total testosterone (T) and Free T were assessed. Free androgen index (FAI) was calculated. The IIEF-5 questionnaire was used to assess ED. We found that free T and FAI gradually and markedly increased with increasing LDL-C levels. Using linear regression, after adjusting for age, educational level, economic status, smoking status, drinking status, BMI, diabetes, and use of lipid-lowering medication, LDL-C was positively associated with free T (B = 0.175, 95% CI: 0.084, 0.266) and FAI (B = 0.064, 95% CI: 0.016, 0.112). Meanwhile, there was a U-shaped curvilinear relationship between LDL-C and prevalence of ED. In the logistic regression analysis, compared to those with LDL-C among the 10th-90th percentile, the ORs of ED in men in the lowest and highest deciles were 1.938 (95% CI: 1.121, 3.349) and 1.804 (95% CI: 1.117, 2.916), respectively. CONCLUSION Lower LDL-C levels were significantly associated with lower free T and lower FAI in a general population of men. Moreover, both low and high levels of LDL-C might be risk factors for ED.
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Yue H, Bing J, Zheng Q, Zhang Y, Hu T, Du H, Wang H, Huang G. Filamentation in Candida auris, an emerging fungal pathogen of humans: passage through the mammalian body induces a heritable phenotypic switch. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:188. [PMID: 30482894 PMCID: PMC6258701 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Morphological plasticity has historically been an indicator of increased virulence among fungal pathogens, allowing rapid adaptation to changing environments. Candida auris has been identified as an emerging multidrug-resistant human pathogen of global importance. Since the discovery of this species, it has been thought that C. auris is incapable of filamentous growth. Here, we report the discovery of filamentation and three distinct cell types in C. auris: typical yeast, filamentation-competent (FC) yeast, and filamentous cells. These cell types form a novel phenotypic switching system that contains a heritable (typical yeast-filament) and a nonheritable (FC-filament) switch. Intriguingly, the heritable switch between the typical yeast and the FC/filamentous phenotype is triggered by passage through a mammalian body, whereas the switch between the FC and filamentous phenotype is nonheritable and temperature-dependent. Low temperatures favor the filamentous phenotype, whereas high temperatures promote the FC yeast phenotype. Systemic in vivo and in vitro investigations were used to characterize phenotype-specific variations in global gene expression, secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP) activity, and changes in virulence, indicating potential for niche-specific adaptations. Taken together, our study not only sheds light on the pathogenesis and biology of C. auris but also provides a novel example of morphological and epigenetic switching in fungi.
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Huang G, Huang Q, Wei Y, Wang Y, Du H. Multiple roles and diverse regulation of the Ras/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway in Candida albicans. Mol Microbiol 2018; 111:6-16. [PMID: 30299574 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans, causing both superficial and life-threatening systemic infections in immunocompromised people. The conserved Ras/cAMP/PKA pathway plays a key role in regulating multiple traits important for the virulence of C. albicans such as cell growth, yeast-hyphal transition, white-opaque switching, sexual reproduction and biofilm development. Diverse external signals influence cell physiology by activating this signaling pathway. The key components of the Ras/cAMP/PKA pathway include two Ras GTPases (Ras1 and Ras2), an adenylyl cyclase (Cyr1, also known as Cdc35), two cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (Pde1 and Pde2) and the catalytic (Tpk1 and Tpk2) and regulatory (Bcy1) subunits of PKA kinase. Activation of this pathway dramatically alters the gene expression profile via several transcription factors, leading to the activation of specific biological processes. Here, we review the progress made in the past two decades to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which the Ras/cAMP/PKA pathway senses diverse environmental cues and controls specific cellular responses and its connection with other signaling pathways in C. albicans.
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Huang G, Sun X, Li M, Yin L, Lu Y. Synergy Between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonist and Radiation Therapy in Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.06.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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112
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Yin L, Huang G, Li M, Chen B, Lu Y. Low-Dose Irradiation As Response Modifier to Maximize the Abscopal Effect and Synergize with Immunotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chen X, Huang G, Yang S, Li J, Fu Q, Yuan X, Chen W, Wang C. Successful Transplantation of "Black Kidneys" Due to Myoglobin Nephropathy. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:2436-2438. [PMID: 30316373 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.02.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Four kidneys from 2 young donors suffering from rhabdomyolysis were rejected for transplantation at the time of procurement because of their severely bruised and black gross appearance. A frozen section revealed a focal tubular injury filled with granular pigmented casts which an immunohistochemistry confirmed to be myoglobin. The 4 kidneys were transplanted successfully and all recipients recovered normal renal function with no delay. These cases indicate that kidneys with patchy black gross appearance caused by myoglobin casts secondary to rhabdomyolysis is not a contraindication for transplantation.
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Fang Z, Chi Y, Yao Y, Wang S, Huang G, Cai Q, Shang G, Wang G, Qu G, Wu Q, Jiang Y, Song J, Chen J, Zhu X, Cai Z, Bai C, Lu Y, Yu Z, Shen J, Cai J. Evaluation of hypertension and hand-foot syndrome as markers of anlotinib efficacy in advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy299.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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115
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Yao Y, Chi Y, Fang Z, Wang S, Huang G, Cai Q, Shang G, Wang G, Qu G, Wu Q, Jiang Y, Song J, Chen J, Zhu X, Cai Z, Bai C, Lu Y, Yu Z, Shen J, Cai J. Efficacy of anlotinib in advanced soft tissue sarcoma by prior lines of therapy, age and dose modification. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy299.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tapper J, Arver S, Pencina KM, Martling A, Blomqvist L, Buchli C, Li Z, Gagliano-Jucá T, Travison TG, Huang G, Storer TW, Bhasin S, Basaria S. Muscles of the trunk and pelvis are responsive to testosterone administration: data from testosterone dose-response study in young healthy men. Andrology 2018; 6:64-73. [PMID: 29280355 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone dose-dependently increases appendicular muscle mass. However, the effects of testosterone administration on the core muscles of the trunk and the pelvis have not been evaluated. The present study evaluated the effects of testosterone administration on truncal and pelvic muscles in a dose-response trial. Participants were young healthy men aged 18-50 years participating in the 5α-Reductase (5aR) Trial. All participants received monthly injections of 7.5 mg leuprolide acetate to suppress endogenous testosterone production and weekly injections of 50, 125, 300, or 600 mg of testosterone enanthate and were randomized to receive either 2.5 mg dutasteride (5aR inhibitor) or placebo daily for 20 weeks. Muscles of the trunk and the pelvis were measured at baseline and the end of treatment using 1.5-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. The dose effect of testosterone on changes in the psoas major muscle area was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes included changes in paraspinal, abdominal, pelvic floor, ischiocavernosus, and obturator internus muscles. The association between changes in testosterone levels and muscle area was also assessed. Testosterone dose-dependently increased areas of all truncal and pelvic muscles. The estimated change (95% confidence interval) of muscle area increase per 100 mg of testosterone enanthate dosage increase was 0.622 cm2 (0.394, 0.850) for psoas; 1.789 cm2 (1.317, 2.261) for paraspinal muscles, 2.530 cm2 (1.627, 3.434) for total abdominal muscles, 0.455 cm2 (0.233, 0.678) for obturator internus, and 0.082 cm2 (0.003, 0.045) for ischiocavernosus; the increase in these volumes was significantly associated with the changes in on-treatment total and free serum testosterone concentrations. In conclusion, core muscles of the trunk and pelvis are responsive to testosterone administration. Future trials should evaluate the potential role of testosterone administration in frail men who are predisposed to falls and men with pelvic floor dysfunction.
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Lin J, Liu YF, Xie ZG, Zhou ZG, Huang G. [Development of a method to detect serum unmethylated insulin DNA]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2018; 98:2393-2397. [PMID: 30138982 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.30.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To develop a specific and sensitive method to detect serum unmethylated insulin (INS) DNA for monitoring pancreatic beta cell death and evaluate its clinical practice value. Methods: This study validated and modified the Akirav method and the Husseiny method. Six type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, who were diagnosed with T1DM in the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University between February 2014 and February 2015, and another 8 sex- and age-matched healthy controls, were enrolled in the study. Patients' serum samples were examined by the modified Akirav method. Results: Methylation-independent PCR of the Akirav method cannot amplify the specific product. The efficiency of primers for quantitative methylation-specific PCR used in Husseiny method was (76.98±2.88)%, which was lower than 80% (recommend efficiency), resulting in poor reliability. This study applied primers for the Husseiny method into the procedures of the Akirav method.The results showed that the level of unmethylated INS DNA in T1DM group is significantly higher than that in the healthy controls[demethylation index: 0.039(0.028-0.083) vs 0.016(0.003-0.029), P=0.005]. Conclusions: The modified Akirav method can effectively detect the level of unmethylated INS DNA. The level of unmethylated INS DNA in T1DM patients is higher than that in the healthy controls.
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Pan S, Liu YF, Huang G. [Pancreatic beta cell-specific unmethylated DNA: a new biomarker for monitoring death of beta cell]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2018; 98:2383-2385. [PMID: 30138981 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.30.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jiang L, Zhu X, Rong J, Xing B, Wang S, Liu A, Chu M, Huang G. Obesity, osteoarthritis and genetic risk: The rs182052 polymorphism in the ADIPOQ gene is potentially associated with risk of knee osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:494-500. [PMID: 30123499 PMCID: PMC6076358 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.77.bjr-2017-0274.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Given the function of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) on the inflammatory condition of obesity and osteoarthritis (OA), we hypothesized that the ADIPOQ gene might be a candidate gene for a marker of susceptibility to OA. Methods We systematically screened three tagging polymorphisms (rs182052, rs2082940 and rs6773957) in the ADIPOQ gene, and evaluated the association between the genetic variants and OA risk in a case-controlled study that included 196 OA patients and 442 controls in a northern Chinese population. Genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Results The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs182052 was found to be potentially associated with knee OA risk (additive model: odds ratio = 1.38; 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.76; p = 0.012). Furthermore, a non-significant association was observed for rs182052 and body mass index with regard to OA risk in interaction analyses (p = 0.063). Similarly, no significant interaction was detected for rs182052 and age with regard to OA risk (p = 0.614). Conclusion These findings suggest that the SNP rs182052 in the ADIPOQ gene may potentially modify individual susceptibility to knee OA in the Chinese population. Further studies are warranted to investigate our findings in more depth. Cite this article: L. Jiang, X. Zhu, J. Rong, B. Xing, S. Wang, A. Liu, M. Chu, G. Huang. Obesity, osteoarthritis and genetic risk: The rs182052 polymorphism in the ADIPOQ gene is potentially associated with risk of knee osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:494–500. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.77.BJR-2017-0274.R1.
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Chemin B, Huang G, Mulders D, Mouraux A. EEG time-warping to study non-strictly-periodic EEG signals related to the production of rhythmic movements. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 308:106-115. [PMID: 30053483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many sensorimotor functions are intrinsically rhythmic, and are underlined by neural processes that are functionally distinct from neural responses related to the processing of transient events. EEG frequency tagging is a technique that is increasingly used in neuroscience to study these processes. It relies on the fact that perceiving and/or producing rhythms generates periodic neural activity that translates into periodic variations of the EEG signal. In the EEG spectrum, those variations appear as peaks localized at the frequency of the rhythm and its harmonics. NEW METHOD Many natural rhythms, such as music or dance, are not strictly periodic and, instead, show fluctuations of their period over time. Here, we introduce a time-warping method to identify non-strictly-periodic EEG activities in the frequency domain. RESULTS EEG time-warping can be used to characterize the sensorimotor activity related to the performance of self-paced rhythmic finger movements. Furthermore, the EEG time-warping method can disentangle auditory- and movement-related EEG activity produced when participants perform rhythmic movements synchronized to an acoustic rhythm. This is possible because the movement-related activity has different period fluctuations than the auditory-related activity. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS With the classic frequency-tagging approach, rhythm fluctuations result in a spreading of the peaks to neighboring frequencies, to the point that they cannot be distinguished from background noise. CONCLUSIONS The proposed time-warping procedure is as a simple and effective mean to study natural non-strictly-periodic rhythmic neural processes such as rhythmic movement production, acoustic rhythm perception and sensorimotor synchronization.
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Huang G, Liu MC, Meng QQ, Li SS. 6-Substituted 1,4-Naphthoquinone Oxime Derivatives (III): Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218050316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dyer G, Brice L, Schifter M, Gilroy N, Kabir M, Hertzberg M, Greenwood M, Larsen SR, Moore J, Gottlieb D, Huang G, Hogg M, Brown L, Tan J, Ward C, Kerridge I. Oral health and dental morbidity in long-term allogeneic blood and marrow transplant survivors in Australia. Aust Dent J 2018; 63:312-319. [PMID: 29878377 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral and dental disease is a major cause of long-term morbidity following allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (Allo-BMT). This study aimed to describe the extent and range of oral and dental complications in BMT recipients and to identify gaps in service provision provided to this high-risk group. METHODS Participants were Allo-BMT recipients, aged >18 years, and received transplants between 2000 and 2012 in NSW. They completed seven surveys, the purpose-designed Sydney Post-BMT Study survey and six other validated instruments. RESULTS Of 441 respondents, many reported dry mouth (45.1%), dental caries (36.7%), mouth ulcers (35.3%), oral GVHD (35.1%), gingivitis (16.2%), tooth abscess (6.1%) and oral cancer (1.5%). Regular dental visits were reported by 66.2% of survivors. Middle-high income, older age and geographic location showed a positive association with regular dental visits. Of those who did not visit the dentist regularly, 37% stated they did not feel it necessary, 36% reported cost and 20% stated it was not advised by the treating team. CONCLUSION Despite oral complications commonly occurring after Allo-BMT, many survivors receive inadequate dental care. These results emphasize the need for improved oral health education, the importance of regular dental checks and improvement in the delivery of dental health services for BMT survivors.
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Wang X, Bing J, Zheng Q, Zhang F, Liu J, Yue H, Tao L, Du H, Wang Y, Wang H, Huang G. The first isolate of Candida auris in China: clinical and biological aspects. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:93. [PMID: 29777096 PMCID: PMC5959928 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The emerging human fungal pathogen Candida auris has been recognized as a multidrug resistant species and is associated with high mortality. This fungus was first described in Japan in 2009 and has been reported in at least 18 countries on five continents. In this study, we report the first isolate of C. auris from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of a hospitalized woman in China. Interestingly, this isolate is susceptible to all tested antifungals including amphotericin B, fluconazole, and caspofungin. Copper sulfate (CuSO4) also has a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of this fungus. Under different culture conditions, C. auris exhibits multiple morphological phenotypes including round-to-ovoid, elongated, and pseudohyphal-like forms. High concentrations of sodium chloride induce the formation of a pseudohyphal-like form. We further demonstrate that C. auris is much less virulent than Candida albicans in both mouse systemic and invertebrate Galleria mellonella models.
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Du H, Zheng Q, Bing J, Bennett RJ, Huang G. A coupled process of same- and opposite-sex mating generates polyploidy and genetic diversity in Candida tropicalis. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007377. [PMID: 29734333 PMCID: PMC5957450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is a universal mechanism for generating genetic diversity in eukaryotes. Fungi exhibit diverse strategies for sexual reproduction both in nature and in the laboratory. In this study, we report the discovery of same-sex (homothallic) mating in the human fungal pathogen Candida tropicalis. We show that same-sex mating occurs between two cells carrying the same mating type (MTLa/a or α/α) and requires the presence of pheromone from the opposite mating type as well as the receptor for this pheromone. In ménage à trois mating mixes (i.e., “a x a + α helper” or “α x α + a helper” mixes), pheromone secreted by helper strains promotes diploid C. tropicalis cells to undergo same-sex mating and form tetraploid products. Surprisingly, however, the tetraploid mating products can then efficiently mate with cells of the opposite mating type to generate hexaploid products. The unstable hexaploid progeny generated from this coupled process of same- and opposite-sex mating undergo rapid chromosome loss and generate extensive genetic variation. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that the mating progeny-derived strains exhibit diverse morphologies and phenotypes, including differences in secreted aspartic proteinase (Sap) activity and susceptibility to the antifungal drugs. Thus, the coupling of same- and opposite-sex mating represents a novel mode to generate polyploidy and genetic diversity, which may facilitate the evolution of new traits in C. tropicalis and adaptation to changing environments. The fungal pathogen Candida tropicalis not only lives as a commensal in humans but is also widely distributed in diverse environments. Until recently, C. tropicalis was thought to be an asexual diploid organism. In this study, we report the discovery of same-sex mating and reveal an unusual process in which same- and opposite-sex mating are coupled in this fungus. The coupling process represents a novel mode of mating which produces unstable polyploid products and results in a high level of genetic and phenotypic diversity. This biological process may benefit the adaptation of C. tropicalis to a variety of ecological niches and promotes survival under stressful conditions. Our study expands the repertoire of mating strategies in fungi and sheds new lights on the generation of polyploidy and genomic flexibility.
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Hantragool S, Torres Garcia J, Gurbani N, Huang G, Hossain MM, Simakajornboon N. 0751 Management and Its Outcomes of Central Sleep Apnea in Children Older Than 2 Years of Age. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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