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Adams T, Alton A, Avvakumov S, de Barbaro L, de Barbaro P, Bernstein RH, Bodek A, Bolton T, Brau J, Buchholz D, Budd H, Bugel L, Conrad J, Drucker RB, Fleming BT, Frey R, Formaggio JA, Goldman J, Goncharov M, Harris DA, Johnson RA, Kim JH, Koutsoliotas S, Lamm MJ, Marsh W, Mason D, McDonald J, McNulty C, McFarland KS, Naples D, Nienaber P, Romosan A, Sakumoto WK, Schellman H, Shaevitz MH, Spentzouris P, Stern EG, Suwonjandee N, Tzanov M, Vakili M, Vaitaitis A, Yang UK, Yu J, Zeller GP, Zimmerman ED. Observation of an anomalous number of dimuon events in a high energy neutrino beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:041801. [PMID: 11461608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A search for long-lived neutral particles ( N0's) with masses above 2.2 GeV/c(2) that decay into at least one muon has been performed using an instrumented decay channel at the NuTeV experiment at Fermilab. Data were examined for particles decaying into the final states mumu, mu(e), and mu(pi). Three mumu events were observed over an expected standard model background of 0.069+/-0.010 events; no events were observed in the other modes.
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Abstract
The ability of allogeneic bone marrow or blood stem cell transplantation (SCT) to induce long-term remission or cure of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is well established. However, the use of this treatment is limited by the availability of suitable human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identical siblings or matched unrelated donors (MUD). As a consequence only a relatively small proportion of CML patients are eligible for a transplant, and of these not all are cured. The preliminary results of trials using the new Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (formerly CGP57-148B, STI571, Gleevec) to treat CML are very encouraging. However, a number of important questions cannot yet be answered: Can imatinib mesylate induce durable molecular remissions? Can the drug prolong survival in comparison with other nontransplant treatments? and, can it actually cure CML patients? Until answers to these questions are available, SCT and use of interferon-alfa (IFN-alpha) alone or in combination (perhaps with imatinib mesylate) must remain major therapeutic options. I summarize here the advantages and disadvantages associated with currently available therapy. I review three different approaches to initial treatment of the CML patient diagnosed in chronic phase, and make a tentative recommendation for one of these options. It is likely that the situation will alter considerably in the foreseeable future.
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Fleming BT, Adams T, Alton A, Arroyo CG, Avvakumov S, de Barbaro L, de Barbaro P, Bazarko AO, Bernstein RH, Bodek A, Bolton T, Brau J, Buchholz D, Budd H, Bugel L, Conrad J, Drucker RB, Formaggio JA, Frey R, Goldman J, Goncharov M, Harris DA, Johnson RA, Kim JH, King BJ, Kinnel T, Koutsoliotas S, Lamm MJ, Marsh W, Mason D, McFarland KS, McNulty C, Mishra SR, Naples D, Nienaber P, Romosan A, Sakumoto WK, Schellman H, Sciulli FJ, Seligman WG, Shaevitz MH, Smith WH, Spentzouris P, Stern EG, Suwonjandee N, Vaitaitis A, Vakili M, Yang UK, Yu J, Zeller GP, Zimmerman ED. First measurement of the low- x, low- Q(2) structure function F(2) in neutrino scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:5430-5433. [PMID: 11415268 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new structure function analysis of CCFR deep inelastic nu-N and nu-N scattering data is presented for previously unexplored kinematic regions down to Bjorken x = 0.0045 and Q(2) = 0.3 GeV(2). Comparisons to charged lepton scattering data from NMC and E665 experiments are made and the behavior of the structure function F(2)(nu)2 is studied in the limit Q(2)-->0.
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104
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Liu SQ, Goldman J. Role of blood shear stress in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2001; 48:474-83. [PMID: 11322535 DOI: 10.1109/10.915714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration from the media to the intima of blood vessels contributes to neointimal formation and atherogenesis. Here, we demonstrate how blood shear stress regulates vascular SMC migration in the encapsulating tissue of a micro-cylinder implanted in the center of the rat vena cava with the micro-cylinder perpendicular to blood flow. In this model, the micro-cylinder was exposed to a laminar flow with a known shear stress field in the leading region and a vortex flow in the trailing region. After surgery, the micro-cylinder was encapsulated by a thrombus-like tissue within one day, followed by SMC migration from the vena cava to the encapsulating tissue from day 3 to 20. SMC migration was time-dependent with a peak migration speed at day 5. At each given time (excluding day 1), blood shear stress exerts an inhibitory effect on SMC migration with significantly suppressed SMC migration in the laminar flow region than in the stagnation, separation, and vortex flow regions. SMCs were relatively parallel to the shear stress direction in high shear stress regions, whereas perpendicular to the shear stress direction in low shear stress regions. These results suggest that blood shear stress plays a role in regulating SMC migration and orientation in this model.
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105
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Yang UK, Adams T, Alton A, Arroyo CG, Avvakumov S, de Barbaro L, de Barbaro P, Bazarko AO, Bernstein RH, Bodek A, Bolton T, Brau J, Buchholz D, Budd H, Bugel L, Conrad J, Drucker RB, Fleming BT, Formaggio JA, Frey R, Goldman J, Goncharov M, Harris DA, Johnson RA, Kim JH, King BJ, Kinnel T, Koutsoliotas S, Lamm MJ, Marsh W, Mason D, McFarland KS, McNulty C, Mishra SR, Naples D, Nienaber P, Romosan A, Sakumoto WK, Schellman H, Sciulli FJ, Seligman WG, Shaevitz MH, Smith WH, Spentzouris P, Stern EG, Suwonjandee N, Vaitaitis A, Vakili M, Yu J, Zeller GP, Zimmerman ED. Measurements of F2 and xF(nu)(3) - xF(nu;)(3) from CCFR nu(mu)-Fe and nu;(mu)-Fe Data in a Physics Model-Independent Way. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:2742-2745. [PMID: 11290028 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on the extraction of the structure functions F2 and DeltaxF(3) = xF(nu)(3)-xF(nu;)(3) from CCFR nu(mu)-Fe and nu;(mu)-Fe differential cross sections. The extraction is performed in a physics model-independent (PMI) way. This first measurement of DeltaxF(3), which is useful in testing models of heavy charm production, is higher than current theoretical predictions. The ratio of the F2 (PMI) values measured in nu(mu) and mu scattering is in agreement (within 5%) with the predictions of next-to-leading-order parton distribution functions using massive charm production schemes, thus resolving the long-standing discrepancy between the two sets of data.
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Kazlauskaite R, Santomauro AT, Goldman J, Silver K, Snitker S, Beamer BA, Yen CJ, Shuldiner AR, Wajchenberg BL. A case of congenital generalized lipodystrophy: metabolic effects of four dietary regimens. Lack of association of CGL with polymorphism in the lamin A/C Gene. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2001; 54:412-4. [PMID: 11298098 PMCID: PMC3390933 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.1216c.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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107
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Moore MM, Goldman J, Patel AR, Chien S, Liu SQ. Role of tensile stress and strain in the induction of cell death in experimental vein grafts. J Biomech 2001; 34:289-97. [PMID: 11182119 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tensile stress and strain are known to induce vascular cell proliferation, a process that is physiologically counterbalanced by cell death. Here we investigate whether tensile stress and strain regulate vascular-cell death by using an end-to-end anastomosed rat vein graft model. In such a model, the circumferential tensile stress in the graft wall was increased by approximately 140 times immediately after surgery compared with that in the venous wall. This change was associated with an increase in the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells at 1, 6, 24, 120, 240, and 720h with two distinct peaks at 1 and 24h (10.1+/-3.5 and 14.4+/-3.2%, respectively) compared with that in control jugular veins (0.4+/-0.5 and 0.5+/-0.5% at 1 and 24h, respectively). When tensile stress and strain in the vein graft wall were reduced by using a biomechanical engineering approach, the rate of cell death was reduced significantly (3.6+/-1.1 and 1.6+/-0.5% at 1 and 24h, respectively). Furthermore, DEVD-CHO, a tetrapeptide aldehyde that inhibits the activity of caspase 3, significantly suppressed this event. These results suggest that a step increase in tensile stress and strain in experimental vein grafts induces rapid cell death, which is possibly mediated by cell death signaling mechanisms.
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108
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Stern Y, Jacobs D, Goldman J, Gomez-Tortosa E, Hyman BT, Liu Y, Troncoso J, Marder K, Tang MX, Brandt J, Albert M. An investigation of clinical correlates of Lewy bodies in autopsy-proven Alzheimer disease. ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY 2001; 58:460-5. [PMID: 11255450 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.58.3.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of patients meeting clinical and pathologic criteria for Alzheimer disease (AD) have not consistently found associations between the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) at postmortem examination and a higher frequency during life of the clinical features of dementia with LBs. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical correlates of LBs in patients with AD. DESIGN AND METHODS Fifty-one patients were diagnosed as having probable AD during life and met pathologic criteria for AD. Semiquantitative ratings for LBs were obtained in 4 brain regions: substantia nigra, cingulate, insular cortex, and hippocampus. The patients had been followed up semiannually for up to 9.9 years before death, and clinical features associated with dementia with LBs, including extrapyramidal signs and visual hallucinations, were assessed at each study visit. Logistic regression analyses determined whether patients who had LBs were more likely than those without LBs to express specific clinical signs during follow-up. Cox analyses determined whether patients with LBs developed clinical signs or died earlier. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare rates of cognitive or functional change. RESULTS Nineteen of the 51 patients had at least 1 LB in one of the studied regions. In no case was a significant relation noted between LBs and the presence of a measured clinical sign. No LB measure was associated with an increased risk of developing any of the evaluated clinical signs earlier in the disease. There was no association between the presence of LBs and more rapid mortality or more rapid disease progression. CONCLUSIONS In patients diagnosed as having AD during life, we did not observe a relation of LBs noted during postmortem examination with the presence of any clinical feature that we assessed or with the rapidity of disease progression. The relation between LBs and specific clinical manifestations may be tenuous in these patients.
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109
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Cwynarski K, Ainsworth J, Cobbold M, Wagner S, Mahendra P, Apperley J, Goldman J, Craddock C, Moss PA. Direct visualization of cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell reconstitution after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2001; 97:1232-40. [PMID: 11222365 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.5.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), but cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) may play a critical role in controlling CMV reactivation. Fluorescent HLA-peptide tetramers containing immunodominant peptides from CMV were used to prospectively monitor the recovery of CMV CTL in recipients of allogeneic transplants from siblings (n = 13) or unrelated donors (n = 11). In patients given allografts from a sibling when both the patient and donor were seropositive for CMV before SCT, recovery of CMV-specific CTL was rapid and reached up to 21% of all CD8(+) T cells. Early reconstitution of CMV-specific immunity was not observed if either the donor or recipient was seronegative for CMV. In recipients of transplants from volunteer unrelated donors, recovery of CMV-specific CTL was delayed in comparison to that in recipients of transplants from siblings and no CTL were observed within the first 100 days after SCT. CTL numbers were increased after episodes of CMV reactivation but were suppressed by prednisolone therapy. Recovery of CMV-specific CTL to levels greater than 10 x 10(6)/L was associated with protection from CMV disease. It was concluded that use of HLA-peptide tetramers to quantify CMV CTL is valuable for studying T-cell responses after allogeneic SCT. It should allow prediction of CMV reactivation in individual patients and assist in the development of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy.
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110
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Elizaga J, Olavarria E, Apperley J, Goldman J, Ward K. Parainfluenza virus 3 infection after stem cell transplant: relevance to outcome of rapid diagnosis and ribavirin treatment. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:413-8. [PMID: 11170949 DOI: 10.1086/318498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
All 456 recipients of hemopoietic stem cell transplants (SCT) at the Hammersmith Hospital, London, from January 1990 through September 1996 were reviewed for parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections. Of the 24 (5.3%) PIV type 3 (PIV3)-infected patients, 10 had upper respiratory tract infection and all survived, but 8 of 14 with pneumonia died. A same-day immunofluorescence test diagnosed PIV3 infection in 20 (83%) of the 24 cases, but virus culture diagnosed only 10 (42%) of the 24 cases after a mean delay of 12 days. Eighteen PIV3-infected patients first received ribavirin at a median of 3 days after onset of symptoms, but, nevertheless, 2 patients shed PIV3 for 4 months. Six of 10 patients with pneumonia died despite early ribavirin therapy. The cause of death was not established by autopsy; 3 patients had concurrent infections, but in 3, only PIV3 was detected. The value of immunofluorescence testing for early diagnosis and treatment of PIV3 infection after SCT is demonstrated, but the outcome was not altered.
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111
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Goldman J. The new federal health privacy regulations: how will states take the lead? THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2001; 29:395-400. [PMID: 12056376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720x.2001.tb00357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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112
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Young E, Kajander KC, Rimell F, Ho B, Goldman J. Substance P immunoreactive sensory axons as a subset of the total axonal population in the maxillary sinus of the rabbit: a characterization of normal and infected mucosa. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY 2001; 15:61-7. [PMID: 11258658 DOI: 10.2500/105065801781329374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Substance P (SP), one of the neuropeptides released from sensory nerves, is thought to mediate neurogenic inflammation. Although SP immunoreactive axons have been described in the sinus mucosa, no attempt has been made to characterize SP fibers as a subset of all axons present in the sinus mucosa. In addition, no study to date has characterized the changes in infected sinus mucosa. The maxillary sinus mucosa of New Zealand white rabbits was harvested from control animals and in animals with induced maxillary sinusitis. Immunohistochemical staining of the sinus mucosa for both Protein Gene Product 9.5 (PGP), a nonspecific marker for all nerves, and for SP was performed on 11 animals: 3 controls and 8 infected. In sinus mucosa from the control rabbits, <50% of all axons labeled by PGP were immunoreactive for SP. In infected mucosa, the absolute number of axons found by PGP staining decreased and nearly all of these remaining fibers were also immunoreactive for SP. We conclude that the phenotypical labeling of nerve fibers seen in normal mucosa is altered by bacterial-induced infection.
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113
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Craddock C, Bardy P, Kreiter S, Johnston R, Apperley J, Marks D, Huber C, Kolbe K, Goulding R, Lawler M, Goldman J, Hughes T, Derigs G. Short Report: Engraftment of T-cell-depleted allogeneic haematopoietic stem cells using a reduced intensity conditioning regimen. Br J Haematol 2000; 111:797-800. [PMID: 11122140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a significant complication in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) using a reduced intensity conditioning regimen. Although T-cell depletion (TCD) reduces the risk of GVHD after a myeloablative conditioning regimen, it is associated with an increased risk of graft failure. We have therefore examined whether TCD compromises engraftment using a fludarabine-based conditioning regimen. Fifteen patients have been transplanted using such a regimen of whom 13 underwent ex vivo TCD. All but one patient demonstrated durable engraftment and no patient receiving a TCD product developed severe GVHD. Thus, TCD may play a role in GvHD prophylaxis using such regimens.
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114
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Craddock C, Bardy P, Kreiter S, Johnston R, Apperley J, Marks D, Huber C, Kolbe K, Goulding R, Lawler M, Goldman J, Hughes T, Derigs G. Engraftment of T-cell-depleted allogeneic haematopoietic stem cells using a reduced intensity conditioning regimen. Br J Haematol 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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115
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Olavarria E, Hassan M, Eades A, Nilsson C, Timms A, Matthews J, Craddock C, Kanfer E, Apperley J, Goldman J. A phase I/II study of multiple-dose intravenous busulfan as myeloablation prior to stem cell transplantation. Leukemia 2000; 14:1954-9. [PMID: 11069031 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Busulfan has been previously only available in an oral formulation due to its poor water solubility. We report the results of a phase I study of multiple escalating doses of intravenous busulfan (Spartaject Busulfan, Orphan Europe, Paris, France) for myeloablation prior to stem cell transplantation (SCT) in 12 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphocytic leukemia. One patient received allogeneic SCT; the other 11 patients received autologous SCT. The first six patients received i.v. busulfan diluted in 50 ml of 0.9% normal saline and the last six patients received busulfan in a 500-ml 5% dextrose solution. All patients experienced profound myelosuppression and all but one demonstrated hematopoietic engraftment. Toxicity was mild or moderate and there were no toxic deaths attributable to busulfan. Of note, there were no cases of veno-occlusive disease of the liver. Busulfan plasma concentrations were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection and showed little intrapatient variability. In most cases there was no significant difference between the first and last dose PK parameters. These data suggest that dose adjustment based on first dose PK data could allow uniformity of busulfan dosing for patients receiving SCT.
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Goldman J. Advances in treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia. PRZEGLAD LEKARSKI 2000; 57 Suppl 1:24. [PMID: 10822990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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118
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Goldman J, Nahas Z, George MS. What is transcranial magnetic stimulation? THE HARVARD MENTAL HEALTH LETTER 2000; 17:8. [PMID: 10927654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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119
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Winokur TS, McClellan S, Siegal GP, Redden D, Gore P, Lazenby A, Reddy V, Listinsky CM, Conner DA, Goldman J, Grimes G, Vaughn G, McDonald JM. A prospective trial of telepathology for intraoperative consultation (frozen sections). Hum Pathol 2000; 31:781-5. [PMID: 10923912 DOI: 10.1053/hupa.2000.8452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Telepathology is a maturing technology that, for a variety of reasons, has not been widely deployed. In addition, clinical validation is relatively modest compared with accepted telemedicine applications such as teleradiology. A prototype telepathology system (Tele-Path(sm)) featuring high-resolution images selected from a remote microscope site has been developed at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). To validate the diagnostic efficacy of the system, a prospective study was undertaken of parallel diagnoses by conventional microscopy and telepathology with a remotely operated microscope. Slides from 99 intraoperative consultations from 29 tissue/ organ sites in the University of Alabama Hospitals by 9 academic pathologists were used in the study. Each microscopic and telepathology diagnosis was compared with the final diagnosis rendered by a referee pathologist. Diagnoses were classified as correct, false positive, or false negative or classification error. Of the 99 frozen sections evaluated, 3 cases were deferred. Of the remaining 96 cases, 2 received incorrect diagnoses in both the microscopic and telepathology arms of the study. Three errors occurred only in the telepathology arm. There was 1 false-positive diagnosis, 1 false-negative diagnosis, and 1 classification error. Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference between telepathology and conventional microscopy. Qualitative data indicated that the pathologists were generally satisfied with the performance of the system. Telepathology using this system paradigm is sufficiently accurate for real time utilization in a complex surgical environment. Telepathology therefore may be an effective model to support the surgical services of hospitals lacking full-time pathology coverage, resulting in full-time access to anatomic pathology services.
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Guglielmi C, Arcese W, Hermans J, Bacigalupo A, Bandini G, Bunjes D, Carreras E, Devergie A, Frassoni F, Goldman J, Gratwohl A, Kolb HJ, Iori AP, Niederwieser D, Prentice HG, de Witte T, Apperley J. Risk assessment in patients with Ph+ chronic myelogenous leukemia at first relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplant: an EBMT retrospective analysis. The Chronic Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Blood 2000; 95:3328-34. [PMID: 10828012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Ph+ chronic myelogenous leukemia who relapse after a first allogeneic stem cell transplant still have a possibility of long-term survival. To assess the value of the individual therapeutic options, the factors predicting outcome should be identified. We investigated data from 500 patients who relapsed before July 1996; follow-up was updated during 1998. The actuarial survival from relapse was 34.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29. 9%-38.5%) at 5 years and 23.4% (95% CI: 18.9%-27.9%) at 10 years. Survival after relapse was significantly related to 5 factors: time from diagnosis to transplant (< 2 years vs >/= 2 years), disease phase at transplant (first chronic phase vs other), disease stage at relapse (cytogenetic or chronic phase vs advanced phase), time from transplant to relapse (< 1 year vs >/= 1 year), and donor type (HLA-identical sibling vs volunteer unrelated donor). The effects of individual adverse risk factors were cumulative: The probability of survival at 10 years decreased stepwise from 42% (0 factors), 32% (1 factor), 14% (2 factors), 3% (3 factors), to 0% (4 or 5 factors). Novel strategies for high-risk patients are warranted. We conclude that these 5 factors should be taken into account when comparing results of salvage therapies in patients with Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia relapsing after allogeneic stem cell transplant.
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MESH Headings
- Actuarial Analysis
- Confidence Intervals
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Graft vs Host Disease/epidemiology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/physiopathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Male
- Recurrence
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Assessment
- Time Factors
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Balice-Gordon RJ, Smith DB, Goldman J, Cork LC, Shirley A, Cope TC, Pinter MJ. Functional motor unit failure precedes neuromuscular degeneration in canine motor neuron disease. Ann Neurol 2000; 47:596-605. [PMID: 10805330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy (HCSMA) features rapidly progressive muscle weakness that affects muscles in an apparent proximal-to-distal gradient. In the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle of homozygous HCSMA animals, motor unit tetanic failure is apparent before the appearance of muscle weakness and appears to be presynaptic in origin. We determined whether structural changes in neuromuscular junctions or muscle fibers were apparent at times when tetanic failure is prevalent. We were surprised to observe that, at ages when motor unit tetanic failure is common, the structure of neuromuscular junctions and the appearance of muscle fibers in the MG muscle were indistinguishable from those of symptom-free animals. In contrast, in more proximal muscles, many neuromuscular junctions were disassembled, with some postsynaptic specializations only partially occupied by motor nerve terminals, and muscle fiber atrophy and degeneration were also apparent. These observations suggest that the motor unit tetanic failure observed in the MG muscle in homozygous animals is not due to synaptic degeneration or to pathological processes that affect muscle fibers directly. Together with previous physiological analyses, our results suggest that motor unit failure is due to failure of neuromuscular synaptic transmission that precedes nerve or muscle degeneration.
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Formaggio JA, Zimmerman ED, Adams T, Alton A, Avvakumov S, Bernstein RH, Bodek A, Bolton T, Brau J, Buchholz D, Budd H, Bugel L, Case S, Conrad JM, Drucker RB, Fleming BT, Frey R, Goldman J, Goncharov M, Harris DA, Johnson RA, Kim JH, Koutsoliotas S, Lamm MJ. Search for a 33.9 MeV/c(2) neutral particle in pion decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:4043-4046. [PMID: 10990606 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The E815 (NuTeV) neutrino experiment has performed a search for a 33. 9 MeV/c(2) weakly interacting neutral particle produced in pion decay. Such a particle may be responsible for an anomaly in the timing distribution of neutrino interactions in the KARMEN experiment. E815 has searched for this particle's decays in an instrumented decay region; no evidence for this particle was found. The search is sensitive to pion branching ratios as low as 10(-13).
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Majewski M, Korecka M, Kossev P, Li S, Goldman J, Moore J, Silberstein LE, Nowell PC, Schuler W, Shaw LM, Wasik MA. The immunosuppressive macrolide RAD inhibits growth of human Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo: A potential approach to prevention and treatment of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:4285-90. [PMID: 10759564 PMCID: PMC18230 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.080068597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the standard immunosuppressive agents foster development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs), the impact of RAD, a macrolide with potent immunosuppressive properties, and other immunosuppressive macrolides on these disorders remains undetermined. We found that RAD had a profound inhibitory effect on in vitro growth of six different PTLD-like Epstein-Barr virus+ lymphoblastoid B cell lines. Similar to normal T cells, RAD blocked cell-cycle progression in PTLD-like B cells in the early (G(0)/G(1)) phase. Furthermore, RAD increased the apoptotic rate in such cells. The drug also had a profound inhibitory effect on the growth of PTLD-like Epstein-Barr virus+ B cells xenotransplanted s.c. into SCID mice. The degree of the RAD effect varied among the three B cell lines tested and was proportional to its effects on the cell lines in vitro. In this in vivo xenotransplant model, RAD markedly delayed growth or induced regression of the established tumors. In one line, it was able to eradicate the tumor in four of eight mice. When RAD treatment was initiated before tumor cell injection, a marked inhibition of tumor growth was seen in all three lines. In two of them, the drug prevented tumor establishment in approximately 50% of mice (5/11 and 5/8). In summary, RAD is a potent inhibitor of PTLD-like cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that, in contrast to the standard immunosuppressive agents, macrolides such as RAD may be effective in prevention and treatment of PTLDs.
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Goldman J. Can science and politics really be divorced? Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25:801-2. [PMID: 10808198 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Olavarria E, Kanfer E, Szydlo R, O'Brien S, Craddock C, Apperley J, Goldman J. High-dose busulphan alone as cytoreduction before allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukaemia: a single-centre experience. Br J Haematol 2000; 108:769-77. [PMID: 10792282 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transplant-related morbidity and mortality remain a major problem following stem cell transplantation (SCT). The use of high-dose single-agent busulphan before allogeneic or autologous SCT may be a reasonable compromise between maintaining cytoreductive efficacy and minimizing toxicity in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Seventy patients with CML have received busulphan as the only cytoreductive therapy before SCT on 79 occasions. The probability of survival of the 14 allogeneic recipients (all of whom were undergoing a second transplant from the original donor) was 78% at 5 years. Sixty-five autologous SCT were performed in 56 patients, of whom 40 were in late chronic phase. The actuarial 3-year post-autograft survival was 54% for these 56 first autografts. For patients in chronic phase, the 3-year survival was 76% compared with 30% at 2 years for those with advanced phase disease. Busulphan therapy was well tolerated, and except for mild mucositis little toxicity was experienced. None of these patients developed hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Nine patients (one allogeneic and eight autologous recipients) received several doses of an intravenous formulation of busulphan with very low toxicity. High-dose busulphan alone appears sufficient to provide adequate cytoreduction and immunosuppression in second allogeneic transplants and is also effective as cytoreduction before autologous SCT in patients with CML.
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