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Reuter F, Audoin B, Liégois-Chauvel C, Malikova I, Naccache L, Cohen L, Del Cul A, Cozzone P, Ali Chérif A, Dehaene S, Ranjeva JP, Pelletier J. Approche en IRMf de la perception visuelle consciente et non consciente au stade précoce de la sclérose en plaques. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(09)70022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Desplat-Jego S, Feuillet L, Creidy R, Malikova I, Rance R, Khrestchatisky M, Hahm K, Burkly LC, Pelletier J, Boucraut J. TWEAK is expressed at the cell surface of monocytes during multiple sclerosis. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 85:132-5. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0608347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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De Stefano N, Filippi M, Confavreux C, Vermersch P, Simu M, Sindic C, Hupperts R, Bajenaru O, Edan G, Grimaldi L, Marginean I, Medaer R, Orefice G, Pascu I, Pelletier J, Sanders E, Scarpini E, Mancardi GL. The results of two multicenter, open-label studies assessing efficacy, tolerability and safety of protiramer, a high molecular weight synthetic copolymeric mixture, in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2008; 15:238-43. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458508098269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Two pilot studies were conducted to evaluate safety, tolerability, and efficacy of two doses of Protiramer (TV-5010) in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Background Both glatiramer acetate and TV-5010 are synthetic copolymers comprised the same four amino acids in a defined molar ratio. TV-5010 has higher average molecular weight than Glatiramer acetate and might be hypothesized that glatiramoids with higher molecular weight might be more immunoreactive than lower molecular weight peptides, thus increasing therapeutic potential and allowing for less frequent dosing. Methods In the two separate studies, after a 10 week pretreatment period, TV-5010 was given subcutaneously once weekly at 15 mg and 30 mg for 36 weeks. The primary end point was a reduction in the number of magnetic resonance imaging active lesions (i.e., T1-weigthed gadolinium-enhancing and new T2-weighted lesions) between the pretreatment period and the end of study. Results Both TV-5010 doses were generally well tolerated. The treatment with TV-5010 at a dose of 15 mg/wk did not show any significant effect. In contrast, in patients treated with at a dose of 30 mg/wk, a significant reduction in the mean number of gadolinium-enhancing (−58.8%; P = 0.0013) and new T2-W (−50%; P = 0.0002) lesions was observed. However, a large decrease in the mean number of both gadolinium-enhancing (−55%) and new T2-W (−40%) lesions during the pretreatment period made difficult the interpretation of the efficacy assessments. Conclusions Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary data on safety and efficacy of TV-5010 at a weekly dose of 30 mg.
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Pelletier J, Lindqvist L, Cencic R, Robert F. 253 INVITED Exploring translation initiation as a therapeutic target. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Ory S, Debouverie M, Le Page E, Pelletier J, Malikova I, Gout O, Roullet E, Vermersch P, Edan G. [Use of mitoxantrone in early multiple sclerosis with malignant disease course. Observational study in 30 patients with clinical and MRI outcomes after one year]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2008; 164:1028-34. [PMID: 18808781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In an observational multicenter study, we analyzed retrospectively 30 patients with malignant form of multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with mitoxantrone the year following the first neurological event. METHODS The 30 patients were selected according to Weinshenker criteria of malignant MS (either a "catastrophic" relapse or a quickly aggressive form). We compared clinical and MRI findings the year before with the year following mitoxantrone onset treatment: annualized relapse rates (ARR), EDSS score and percentage of patients with gadolinium enhancing lesions on MRI. RESULTS A total of 87 relapses were observed in the 5.7 months before and 10 during the year following onset of mitoxantrone treatment. The ARR decreased by 95% (6.0+/-2 before and 0.3+/-0.7 after). Twenty-four patients (80%) were relapse-free one year after onset of mitoxantrone treatment. The EDSS score improved in 87% of MS patients and the mean EDSS decreased by 1.9. Ninety-seven percent had at least gadolinium enhancing lesions before the start of mitoxantrone treatment as compared to 17% after. CONCLUSION In our experience, mitoxantrone had a rapid and strong impact on the malignant forms of MS with a short disease duration. In this MS subgroup, mitoxantrone should be considered as an early treatment option.
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Audoin B, Reuter F, Duong MVA, Malikova I, Confort-Gouny S, Cherif AA, Cozzone PJ, Pelletier J, Ranjeva JP. Efficiency of cognitive control recruitment in the very early stage of multiple sclerosis: a one-year fMRI follow-up study. Mult Scler 2008; 14:786-92. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458508089360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) studies have established that patients with multiple sclerosis show stronger activation in the lateral prefrontal cortices (LPFC) than healthy control subjects during effortful cognitive tasks. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of these activation changes on cognitive performances. In addition to 19 controls, who were tested at a single time-point to define a standard pattern of fMRI activation during the performance of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), 13 patients with clinically isolated syndrome underwent a longitudinal fMRI examination while performing the PASAT at the beginning of the study (M0) and one year later (M12). Relative to the M0 scores, PASAT performances improved in eight patients (group A) and either decreased ( n = 4) or remained unchanged ( n = 1) (group B) in five patients at M12. Random effect analyses (SPM2; Wellcome Institute, London, England) were performed to compare intra-group time-related effects on brain activation (paired t-test between M0 and M12), and inter-group differences were also compared between the two groups of patients (analysis of covariance with PASAT performances as the covariate). Relative to group B, group A showed larger increase in activation between M0 and M12 in the right LPFC. In the whole group of patients, interaction analyses showed that the differences in the PASAT scores between M0 and M12 were correlated with the differences in activation observed in the right LPFC. This longitudinal study shows that in patients with early multiple sclerosis, the increased levels of activation in the right LPFC was associated with improved individual working memory and processing speed performances.
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Pelletier J, Audoin B, Reuter F, Malikova I, Rico A, Chérif AA, Ranjeva JP, Cozzone P. [Cerebral plasticity and multiple sclerosis: data from functional imaging]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2008; 164 Spec No 2:F147-F153. [PMID: 18680833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Goldberg DR, Choi Y, Cogan D, Corson M, DeLeon R, Gao A, Gruenbaum L, Hao MH, Joseph D, Kashem MA, Miller C, Moss N, Netherton MR, Pargellis CP, Pelletier J, Sellati R, Skow D, Torcellini C, Tseng YC, Wang J, Wasti R, Werneburg B, Wu JP, Xiong Z. Pyrazinoindolone inhibitors of MAPKAP-K2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 18:938-41. [PMID: 18221871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2007] [Revised: 12/16/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of pyrazinoindolone inhibitors of MAPKAP-K2 (MK2) provides a reasonable balance of cellular potency and physicochemical properties. Mechanistic studies support the inhibition of MK2 which is responsible for the sub-micromolar cellular efficacy.
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Bolzinger MA, Briançon S, Pelletier J, Fessi H, Chevalier Y. Percutaneous release of caffeine from microemulsion, emulsion and gel dosage forms. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 68:446-51. [PMID: 18191759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The transport of caffeine to the hypodermis by an alcohol-free o/w microemulsion was investigated and compared with an aqueous gel and an o/w emulsion. The microemulsion was well characterized and in vitro diffusion measurements through pig skin having the hypodermis either kept or removed were performed in static Franz cells. The microemulsion allowed delivery of a large fraction of the caffeine in the hypodermis: 23% of caffeine reached the hypodermis after 24h diffusion, 1.3-fold larger than from the emulsion and gel dosage forms. Half this amount was stored in the hypodermis, the other half continuing its diffusion to the receptor compartment of the Franz cell.
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Simeoni MC, Auquier P, Fernandez O, Flachenecker P, Stecchi S, Constantinescu CS, Idiman E, Boyko A, Beiske AG, Vollmer T, Triantafyllou N, O'Connor P, Barak Y, Biermann L, Cristiano E, Atweh S, Patrick DL, Robitail S, Ammoury N, Beresniak A, Pelletier J. Validation of the Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life questionnaire. Mult Scler 2007; 14:219-30. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458507080733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to validate the Multiple Sclerosis (MS) International Quality of Life (MusiQoL) questionnaire, a multi-dimensional, self-administered questionnaire, available in 14 languages, as a disease-specific quality of life scale that can be applied internationally. A total of 1992 patients with different types and severities of MS from 15 countries were recruited. At baseline and day 21 ± 7, each patient completed the MusiQoL, a symptom checklist and the short-form (SF)-36 QoL questionnaire. Neurologists also collected socio-demographic, MS history and outcome data. The database was randomly divided into two subgroups and analysed according to different patient characteristics. For each model, psychometric properties were tested and the number of items was reduced by various statistical methods. Construct validity, internal consistency, reproducibility and external consistency were also tested. Nine dimensions, explaining 71% of the total variance, were isolated. Internal consistency and reproducibility were satisfactory for all the dimensions. External validity testing revealed that dimension scores correlated significantly with all SF-36 scores, but showed discriminant validity by gender, socio-economic and health status. Significant correlations were found between activity in daily life scores and clinical indices. These results demonstrate the validity and reliability of the MusiQoL as an international scale to evaluate QoL in patients with MS. Multiple Sclerosis 2008; 14: 219—230. http://msj.sagepub.com
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Pelletier J, Bozzolan F, Solvar M, François MC, Jacquin-Joly E, Maïbèche-Coisne M. Identification of candidate aldehyde oxidases from the silkworm Bombyx mori potentially involved in antennal pheromone degradation. Gene 2007; 404:31-40. [PMID: 17904312 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2007.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal inactivation is a crucial step in the dynamic of olfactory process and involves various Odorant-Degrading Enzymes. In the silkworm Bombyx mori, one of the best models for studying olfaction in insects, the involvement of an antennal-specific aldehyde oxidase in the degradation of the sex pheromone component bombykal has been demonstrated over the three past decades by biochemical studies. However, the corresponding enzyme has never been characterized at the molecular level. Bioinformatic screening of B. mori genome and molecular approaches have been used to isolate several candidate sequences of aldehyde oxidases. Two interesting antennal-expressed genes have been further characterized and their putative functions are discussed in regard to their respective expression pattern and to our knowledge on aldehyde oxidase properties. Interestingly, one gene appeared as specifically expressed in the antennae of B. mori and associated in males with the bombykal-sensitive sensilla, strongly suggesting that it could encode for the previously biochemically characterized enzyme.
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Abstract
Although conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) and monitoring disease activity and course, the correlation between conventional MRI data and clinical findings remains weak. This "clinical-MRI paradox" could be partly due to the lack of MRI specificity related to the heterogeneous pathological substrates of MS and to its inability to quantify the extent of damage in the normal-appearing tissue. Recently, non-conventional MRI techniques, including magnetization transfer MRI, diffusion tensor MRI, and proton MR spectroscopy have been applied to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of MS. These techniques may provide information about structural and biochemical changes occurring within and outside macroscopic MS lesions (inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss), in particular in the normal-appearing white and grey matter. These techniques could also significantly improve our ability to monitor inflammatory demyelination and axonal injury. In the same way, functional MRI gives us the potential substrate to assess the mechanisms of adaptive cortical reorganization, which may limit the irreversible consequences of MS tissue injury.
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Feuillet L, Reuter F, Audoin B, Malikova I, Barrau K, Cherif AA, Pelletier J. Early cognitive impairment in patients with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2007; 13:124-7. [PMID: 17294621 DOI: 10.1177/1352458506071196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common occurrence and is generally fairly circumscribed. The prevalence of the cognitive deficits usually encountered could vary with the clinical course of the disease. To investigate whether the presence of cognitive impairment may occur in the very early stage of MS, we assessed the cognitive status of a group of 40 patients presenting with a recently diagnosed clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of MS (CISSMS), in comparison with 30 age-, sex-, and educational level-matched healthy control subjects. An extensive battery of neuropsychological tests was used to explore verbal and non-verbal memory, attention, concentration, speed of information processing, language and abstract reasoning. Patients with CISSMS had a significant, frequent (57%), and circumscribed cognitive impairment, focused on memory, speed of information processing, attention and executive functions.
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Merlin C, Rosell G, Carot-Sans G, François MC, Bozzolan F, Pelletier J, Jacquin-Joly E, Guerrero A, Maïbèche-Coisne M. Antennal esterase cDNAs from two pest moths, Spodoptera littoralis and Sesamia nonagrioides, potentially involved in odourant degradation. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 16:73-81. [PMID: 17257210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid degradation of odours after interaction with olfactory receptors is a critical step of the signal reception process. However, the implied mechanisms are still largely unknown in vertebrates as well as in insects. Involvement of odourant-degrading enzymes in odourant degradation within the antennae has been shown in some insect species and, in particular, esterases could play a key role in degradation of sex pheromones from Lepidoptera. Using a PCR-based strategy, we isolated cDNAs encoding two new esterases from two moths which used acetates as pheromone compounds: the Egyptian armyworm Spodoptera littoralis and the Mediterranean corn borer Sesamia nonagrioides. In antennae, both transcripts were clearly restricted to olfactory sensilla, suggesting their involvement in the degradation of odourant acetate components.
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Feuillet L, Pelletier J, Suchet L, Rico A, Ali Cherif A, Pouget J, Attarian S. Prospective clinical and electrophysiological follow-up on a multiple sclerosis population treated with interferon beta-1 a. Mult Scler 2007; 13:348-56. [PMID: 17439904 DOI: 10.1177/1352458506070235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) variables in a prospective six-month follow-up pilot study on patients suffering from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), satisfying inclusion criteria for interferon (IFN) beta-1a treatment. Background So far, no predictive factors are available as to the course of RRMS treated with IFN beta-1 a. Design/methods Fifteen RRMS patients were studied before (month 0 (M0)) and after IFN beta-1a onset (M3, M6). The parameters analysed were motor functional score (mFS), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and TMS variables - central motor conduction time (CMCT) and amplitude ratio (AR). Results Four of the six patients with no motor signs at inclusion, subsequently showed signs of pyramidal dysfunction. All had abnormal M0_TMS variables. The number of M0_TMS abnormalities per patient was greatest in the group that showed mFS worsening, and was significantly correlated with M6_EDSS. The M0_CMCT was significantly correlated with M6_EDSS. During follow-up, the number of patients with abnormal TMS variables decreased from 12/15 to 4/15, and the total number of abnormalities decreased from 33.3 to 16.7%. Conclusions TMS variables might be predictive of disease progression. The improvement observed here in the TMS variables may reflect an improvement in MS patients undergoing IFN beta treatment. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 348-356. http://msj.sagepub.com
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de Santis F, François MC, Merlin C, Pelletier J, Maïbèche-Coisné M, Conti E, Jacquin-Joly E. Molecular cloning and in Situ expression patterns of two new pheromone-binding proteins from the corn stemborer Sesamia nonagrioides. J Chem Ecol 2006; 32:1703-17. [PMID: 16900426 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-006-9103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe the identification and characterization of two new cDNAs encoding pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) from the male antennae of Sesamia nonagrioides, a species where no PBPs have been identified to date. Because PBPs are thought to participate in the first step of odor detection in a specific manner, we focused our investigation on this olfactory protein family using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction strategies. The deduced amino acid sequences of SnonPBP1 and SnonPBP2 revealed mature proteins of 142 and 143 amino acids, respectively, with six cysteine residues in conserved positions relative to other known PBPs. The alignment of the two mature S. nonagrioides PBPs with other noctuid PBPs showed high sequence identity (70-80%) with other full-length sequences from GenBank. Sequence identity between SnonPBP1 and SnonPBP2 was only 46%, suggesting that the two proteins belong to different classes of PBPs already described from the Noctuidae. Furthermore, analyses of expression patterns of SnonPBP1 and SnonPBP2 were performed by in situ hybridization on antennae of both sexes, and these studies revealed the expression of the two PBPs at the bases of olfactory sensilla (basiconica or trichodea) from both sexes. The possible binding properties of these two new PBPs are discussed according to their homologies with other known PBPs and S. nonagrioides pheromone components.
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de Seze J, Lanctin C, Lebrun C, Malikova I, Papeix C, Wiertlewski S, Pelletier J, Gout O, Clerc C, Moreau C, Defer G, Edan G, Dubas F, Vermersch P. Idiopathic acute transverse myelitis: Application of the recent diagnostic criteria. Neurology 2005; 65:1950-3. [PMID: 16380618 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000188896.48308.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite an extensive diagnostic workup, some cases of acute transverse myelitis (ATM) remain of unknown etiology and have been referred to as "idiopathic" by the Transverse Myelitis Consortium group. In a retrospective study of 288 patients with ATM, 45 cases (15.6%) met the criteria for idiopathic ATM. The patients formed a relatively homogeneous group in terms of clinical and MRI data, but the prognosis was highly variable.
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Kaphan E, Witjas T, Feuillet L, Malikova I, Laksiri N, Pelletier J, Ali Chérif A. Accidents vasculaires cérébraux multiples et primo-infection varicelleuse chez un adulte. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2005; 161:840-3. [PMID: 16244568 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(05)85145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chickenpox is considered as a high risk factor for developing stroke in childhood, but descriptions in adult are exceptional (only three cases reported, to our knowledge). CASE REPORT A 37-year-old man presented with a chickenpox eruption, followed by a right parietal and a left occipital infarcts, associated with multiple lacunae. There was no coagulation disorder, no hypertension or cardiovascular disorder. Cerebral angiography showed an irregular narrowing of the right internal parietal artery and vascular defects in right parietal and left occipital areas. The diagnosis of VZV-related vasculitis was evoked. White cell count, serology and VZV PCR were negative in the cerebrospinal fluid. Clinical improvement was observed after treatment by corticosteroids and aciclovir. CONCLUSION Chickenpox is a rare cause of cerebral vasculitis. Involvement of both medium and small vessels was present here, contrary to other adult case reports in the literature. Hematogenous dissemination of the virus responsible for cerebral vasculitis seems to be the most probable pathophysiological mechanism.
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Merlin C, François MC, Bozzolan F, Pelletier J, Jacquin-Joly E, Maïbèche-Coisne M. A new aldehyde oxidase selectively expressed in chemosensory organs of insects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 332:4-10. [PMID: 15896291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal termination is a crucial step in the dynamic of the olfactory process. It involves different classes of odorant-degrading enzymes. Whereas aldehyde oxidase enzymatic activities have been demonstrated in insect antennae by previous biochemical studies, the corresponding enzymes have never been characterized at the molecular level. In the cabbage armyworm Mamestra brassicae, we isolated for the first time an aldehyde oxidase partial cDNA specifically expressed in chemosensory organs, with the strongest expression in antennae of both sexes. In these organs, expression was restricted to the olfactory sensilla. Our results suggest that the corresponding enzyme could degrade aldehyde odorant compounds, such as pheromones or plant's volatiles.
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Stankoff B, Waubant E, Confavreux C, Edan G, Debouverie M, Rumbach L, Moreau T, Pelletier J, Lubetzki C, Clanet M. Modafinil for fatigue in MS: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Neurology 2005; 64:1139-43. [PMID: 15824337 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000158272.27070.6a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether modafinil, a wakefulness-promoting agent, is useful for fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Patients with MS with stable disability, and a baseline score of 45 or more on the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), were eligible for the 5-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study. The initial daily dose of modafinil was 200 mg for 1 week. Depending on tolerance, the dose was increased by 100 mg every week up to 400 mg/day and remained unchanged between day 21 and day 35. The primary outcome variable was the change of MFIS score at day 35. RESULTS A total of 115 patients with MS were enrolled in the study and in the intention to treat analysis. The mean MFIS score at baseline was 63 +/- 9 in the placebo group and 63 +/- 10 in the modafinil group. MFIS scores improved between day 0 and day 35 in both placebo-treated and modafinil-treated groups, but no significant difference was detected between the two groups. There was no major safety concern. CONCLUSIONS There was no improvement of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with modafinil vs placebo according to the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale.
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Battaglia Vial G, Bacha K, Madar J, Levrier O, Pelletier J, Chelly M, Coupier L. 548 Ophtalmoplégie et fistule carotido-caverneuse : à propos d’un cas. J Fr Ophtalmol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0181-5512(05)73668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Audoin B, Ibarrola D, Au Duong MV, Pelletier J, Confort-Gouny S, Malikova I, Ali-Chérif A, Cozzone PJ, Ranjeva JP. Functional MRI study of PASAT in normal subjects. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2005; 18:96-102. [PMID: 15711850 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-004-0098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2002] [Revised: 11/30/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT) is routinely used to evaluate the cognitive part of the multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC) score, the new reference index of patient disability. PASAT is sensitive to subtle cognitive impairment related to MS, although the cognitive components of this test still remain unclear. In order to better characterize brain systems involved during this complex task, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments were conducted during PASAT in a population of ten normal subjects. The paradigm consisted of a series of 61 single-digit numbers delivered every 3 s. After each number, subjects were asked to overt vocalize the result of the addition of the two last numbers heard. A control task consisting of the repetition of the same series of single-digit numbers was used. Statistical group analysis was performed using the random effect procedure (SPM 99). Cortical activation was observed in the left prefrontal cortex, the supplementary motor area, the lateral premotor cortex, the cingulate gyrus, the left parietal lobe, the left superior temporal gyrus, the left temporal pole, and visual associative areas. fMRI activations underlying PASAT were consistent with an involvement of verbal working memory and the semantic memory retrieval network which could be related to arithmetic fact retrieval. This study on normal subjects could provide a base for the understanding of the potential abnormal cortical activation in MS patients performing this test for a cognitive evaluation.
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Au Duong MV, Boulanouar K, Audoin B, Treseras S, Ibarrola D, Malikova I, Confort-Gouny S, Celsis P, Pelletier J, Cozzone PJ, Ranjeva JP. Modulation of effective connectivity inside the working memory network in patients at the earliest stage of multiple sclerosis. Neuroimage 2005; 24:533-8. [PMID: 15627595 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Revised: 08/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
fMRI and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to study effective connectivity inside the working memory network in patients at the earliest stage of multiple sclerosis (MS), while performing paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT), a sensitive task to reveal subtle cognitive impairments related to working memory and information speed processing. The path model used for SEM included bilateral connections between left and right BA 46, left and right BA 40, left and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left BA 44 and left BA 40, right BA 44 and right BA 40, and unidirectional ipsilateral connections from BA 46 to BA 44, from ACC to BA 46, and from ACC to BA 44. Experimental data from the two groups fit accurately the working memory model, in patients [chi20(2) = 13, P = 0.877] as well as in controls [chi20(2) = 13.54, P = 0.853]. The omnibus test indicated a significant difference of model fits in patients and in controls [chi40(2) = 160.07, P < 0.0001]. Connectivity strengths from right BA 46 to left BA 46, from left ACC to left BA 46 were lower in patients than in controls, and higher from right ACC to right BA 46, from left to right and from right to left ACC (stacked model). Effective connectivity inside the working memory network appears altered in patients at the earliest stage of MS. Modulation of effective connectivity is present in patients inside the executive subsystems of working memory, and could be related to adaptive cognitive control processes that may limit the clinical manifestation of MS.
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Pluye P, Potvin L, Denis JL, Pelletier J. Program sustainability: focus on organizational routines. Health Promot Int 2004; 19:489-500. [PMID: 15520036 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dah411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Program sustainability is an ongoing concern for most people in health promotion. However, the current notion of sustainability in organizations, namely routinization, needs refinement. This article examines organizational routines. In so doing, it refines the notion of sustainability and the assessment of routines. Drawing on the organizational literature, a routinized program is defined by the presence of routinized activities, meaning that these activities exhibit four characteristics of organizational routines: memory, adaptation, values and rules. To answer the question of how these characteristics are useful, we conducted an empirical study of the routinization of the Quebec Heart Health Demonstration Project in five community health centers. Our method consisted of a multiple-case study. We observed project activities in each center in 2000. The data came from documents and interviews with project actors. Our results show that, in one of the centers, no resources had been officially committed to project activities. Even so, the actors continued some activities on an informal basis. In another center, the activities satisfied three of the four routine characteristics. In the three others, activities satisfied all of the characteristics. These results suggest focusing the study of program sustainability on the routinization of activities resulting from it. They indicate four distinct degrees of sustainability: (1) the absence of sustainability; no program activity is continued; (2) precarious sustainability; some residual activities are pursued, at least unofficially; (3) weak sustainability; the program produces some official activities that are not routinized; and (4) sustainability through routinization; routinized activities result from the program.
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Jiménez MM, Pelletier J, Bobin MF, Martini MC, Fessi H. Poly‐Epsilon‐Caprolactone Nanocapsules Containing Octyl Methoxycinnamate: Preparation and Characterization. Pharm Dev Technol 2004; 9:329-39. [PMID: 15458238 DOI: 10.1081/pdt-200031456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the different nanocapsules (NCs) made of poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) containing the lipophilic sunscreen Escalol 557 [octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC)] and analyzes the influence of nanoparticle-based systems on light-induced decomposition of the sunscreen agent. The NCs were designed and prepared by the solvent displacement method. Formulation parameters, such as the nature and volume of the organic and aqueous phase and the nature and concentration of the surfactants and polymer, have relevant implications on NC elaboration. We investigated the influence of several technological (stirring speed: 300-800 rpm) and formulation factors [polymer amount, 195-244.5 mg; surfactant, Tween 85 (Polysorbate 85), Montanox 80 (Polysorbate 80), and Synperonic PE/F68 (Poloxamer 188) as stabilizing agents; and volume of the organic phase, 20-30 mL of acetone] on the particle size and the OMC loading capacity of the formulations--encapsulation efficiency and yield. The sizes of NC obtained were in the range of 309 to 1042 nm, the encapsulation efficiencies ranged from 93.82% to 99.97%, and yields of NC encapsulation ranged from 48.12% to 86.28%. Of all the preset experimental conditions, Montanox 80, 30 mL of acetone, 244.5 mg of polymer, and a stirring speed of 350 rpm have been selected as the best in this experimental design study. The experimental conditions selected to obtain OMC-loaded NC of 374 nm resulted in a high entrapment percentage (97.52%) and yield (82.95%). The PCL nanoparticles loaded with OMC were effective in reducing light-induced degradation of the sunscreen agent.
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