Acceptability of a decision-support electronic health record system and its impact on diabetes care goals in South Asia: a mixed-methods evaluation of the CARRS trial

AIMS

To describe physicians' acceptance of decision-support electronic health record system and its impact on diabetes care goals among people with Type 2 diabetes.

METHODS

We analysed data from participants in the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) trial, who received the study intervention (care coordinators and use of a decision-support electronic health record system; n=575) using generalized estimating equations to estimate the association between acceptance/rejection of decision-support system prompts and outcomes (mean changes in HbA_1c , blood pressure and LDL cholesterol) considering repeated measures across all time points available. We conducted in-depth interviews with physicians to understand the benefits, challenges and value of the decision-support electronic health record system and analysed physicians' interviews using Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory.

RESULTS

At end-of-trial, participants with diabetes for whom glycaemic, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and LDL cholesterol decision-support electronic health record prompts were accepted vs rejected, experienced no reduction in HbA_1c [mean difference: -0.05 mmol/mol (95% CI -0.22, 0.13); P=0.599], but statistically significant improvements were observed for systolic blood pressure [mean difference: -11.6 mmHg (95% CI -13.9, -9.3); P ≤ 0.001], diastolic blood pressure [mean difference: -5.2 mmHg (95% CI -6.5, -3.8); P ≤ 0.001] and LDL cholesterol [mean difference: -0.7 mmol/l (95% CI -0.6, -0.8); P ≤0.001], respectively. The relative advantages and compatibility of the decision-support electronic health record system with existing clinic set-ups influenced physicians' acceptance of it. Software complexities and data entry challenges could be overcome by task-sharing.

CONCLUSION

Wider adherence to decision-support electronic health record prompts could potentially improve diabetes goal achievement, particularly when accompanied by assistance from a non-physician health worker.

The NICE classification for 'Ultra-radical (extensive) surgery for advanced ovarian cancer' guidance does not meaningfully predict postoperative complications: a cohort study

OBJECTIVE

To determine which descriptors of cytoreductive surgical extent in advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) best predict postoperative morbidity.

DESIGN

Retrospective notes review.

SETTING

A gynaecological cancer centre in the UK.

POPULATION

Six hundred and eight women operated on for AOC over a period of 114 months at a tertiary cancer centre, between 16 August 2007 and 16 February 2017.

METHODS

Outcome data were analysed by six approaches to classify the extent of surgery: standard/ultra-radical surgery; standard/radical/supra-radical surgery; presence/absence of gastrointestinal resections; low/intermediate/high surgical complexity score (SCS); presence of bowel anastomoses and/or diaphragmatic surgery; and the presence/absence of multiple bowel resections.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Major (grades 3-5) postoperative morbidity and mortality.

RESULTS

Forty-three (7.1%) patients experienced major complications. Grade-5 complications occurred in six patients (1.0%). Patients who underwent multiple bowel resections had a relative risk (RR) of 7.73 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI 3.92-15.26), patients with a high SCS had an RR of 6.12 (95% CI 3.25-11.52), patients with diaphragmatic surgery and gastrointestinal anastomosis had an RR of 5.57 (95% CI 2.65-11.72), patients with 'any gastrointestinal resection' had an RR of 4.69 (95% CI 2.66-8.24), patients with ultra-radical surgery had an RR of 4.65 (95% CI 2.26-8.79), and patients with supra-radical surgery had an RR of 4.20 (95% CI 2.35-7.51) of grades 3-5 morbidity, compared with patients undergoing standard surgery as defined by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK. No significant difference was seen in the rate of major morbidity between standard (6/59, 10.2%) and ultra-radical (9/81, 11.1%) surgery within the cohort who had intermediate complex surgery (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The numbers of procedures performed significantly correlate with major morbidity. The number of procedures performed better predicted major postoperative morbidity than the performance of certain 'high risk' procedures. We recommend using SCS to define a higher risk operation. NICE should re-evaluate the use of the term 'ultra-radical' surgery.

TWEETABLE ABSTRACT

Multiple bowel resection is the best predictor of morbidity and is more predictive than 'ultra-radical surgery'.

Wheat streak mosaic virus: a century old virus with rising importance worldwide

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes wheat streak mosaic, a disease of cereals and grasses that threatens wheat production worldwide. It is a monopartite, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus and the type member of the genus Tritimovirus in the family Potyviridae. The only known vector is the wheat curl mite (WCM, Aceria tosichella), recently identified as a species complex of biotypes differing in virus transmission. Low rates of seed transmission have been reported. Infected plants are stunted and have a yellow mosaic of parallel discontinuous streaks on the leaves. In the autumn, WCMs move from WSMV-infected volunteer wheat and other grass hosts to newly emerged wheat and transmit the virus which survives the winter within the plant, and the mites survive as eggs, larvae, nymphs or adults in the crown and leaf sheaths. In the spring/summer, the mites move from the maturing wheat crop to volunteer wheat and other grass hosts and transmit WSMV, and onto newly emerged wheat in the fall to which they transmit the virus, completing the disease cycle. WSMV detection is by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR). Three types of WSMV are recognized: A (Mexico), B (Europe, Russia, Asia) and D (USA, Argentina, Brazil, Australia, Turkey, Canada). Resistance genes Wsm1, Wsm2 and Wsm3 have been identified. The most effective, Wsm2, has been introduced into several wheat cultivars. Mitigation of losses caused by WSMV will require enhanced knowledge of the biology of WCM biotypes and WSMV, new or improved virus detection techniques, the development of resistance through traditional and molecular breeding, and the adaptation of cultural management tactics to account for climate change.

Venous thromboembolism in cancer patients - magnitude of problem, approach, and management

Cancer is hypercoagulable state. Patients with cancer are at high risk to develop venous thromboembolism (VTE). Relative risk of developing VTE is approximately seven times higher in patients with active cancer. The incidence of occult malignancy is 7%-12% in patients with idiopathic deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, little research has been focused on cancer with thromboembolism. Lowmolecularweight heparin most frequently used pharmacologic agents as recommended by established guidelines. The aim was to evaluate the magnitude of problem in cancer patients and treatment option as per established guidelines. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed search of the literature were done to evaluate the association of DVT with various malignancy, magnitude of problem, approach, and various guidelines for the management of DVT. References of all publication were also searched to enrich this article for recent update. Thromboprophylaxis in cancer patient is gray zone area. This need lot of investigational work to find highrisk patients who would benefit from primary thromboprophylaxis.

Medical education in difficult circumstances: analysis of the experience of clinical medical students following the new innovative medical curriculum in Aksum, rural Ethiopia

BACKGROUND

In 2012, 12 medical schools were opened in Ethiopia to tackle the significant shortage of doctors. This included Aksum School of Medicine situated in Aksum, a rural town in Northern Ethiopia. The new Innovative Medical Curriculum (NIMC) is a four-year programme designed by the Ethiopian Federal Ministries of Health and Education. The curriculum is designed to train biomedical science graduates to become doctors in 4 years, with a focus on the healthcare needs of rural people living in poverty.

METHODS

This research was conducted at Aksum School of Medicine and included two hospitals (Aksum Referral Hospital and St Mary's District Hospital). This study focused on medical students during their clinical years across multiple specialities (61 Clerkship 1 students and 13 Clerkship 2 students). We used primarily qualitative research methods supplemented with quantitative measures. There were 3 stages of data collection over a 1 month period, this included qualitative group interviews, direct observation of students in a clinical setting and direct observation of skills sessions followed by a questionnaire on the sessions. We analysed the data by reconstructing the student experience and comparing it with the NIMC.

RESULTS

The proposed typical week set out in the NIMC tended to differ from the real clinical experience of these students. Through qualitative group interview and direct observation of teaching, the main theme that was consistent throughout was the lack of doctors with specialist postgraduate training. Clinical need often took priority over education. However, students enjoyed taking early responsibility and gaining practical experience. Through direct observation of skills sessions and short questionnaires, these sessions were highly valuable to the students and they felt confident in carrying out the taught procedures in the future.

CONCLUSIONS

The combination of poorly resourced hospitals and lack of specialist doctors provides a challenging environment for medical students to learn. However, it is a unique clinical experience that is rarely seen in developed countries and facilitates the acquirement of skills from an early stage. Supervision and specialist input is fundamental in enabling students to learn and this is a key area that was lacking in the students' clinical experience.

Self-Assembly of a [1 + 1] Ionic Hexagonal Macrocycle and Its Antiproliferative Activity

A unique irregular hexagon was self-assembled using an organic donor clip (bearing terminal pyridyl units) and a complementary organometallic acceptor clip. The resulting metallamacrocycle was characterized by multinuclear NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses. Molecular modeling confirmed hexagonal shaped cavity for this metallamacrocycle which is a unique example of a discrete hexagonal framework self-assembled from only two building blocks. Cytotoxicity of the Pt-based acceptor tecton and the self-assembled Pt^II-based macrocycle was evaluated using three cancer cell lines and results were compared with cisplatin. Results confirmed a positive effect of the metallamacrocycle formation on cell growth inhibition.

Practical consensus recommendations on management of triple-negative metastatic breast cancer

Patients with breast cancer along with metastatic estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR)- and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumors are referred to as having metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) disease. Resistance to current standard therapies such as anthracyclines or taxanes limits the available options for previously treated patients with metastatic TNBC to a small number of non-cross-resistant regimens, and there is currently no preferred standard chemotherapy. Clinical experience suggests that many women with triple-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) relapse quickly. Expert oncologist discussed about new chemotherapeutic strategies and agents used in treatment of mTNBC and the expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at this practical consensus recommendations for the benefit of community oncologists.