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Dai MH, Xia T, Chen XD, Gan L, Feng SQ, Qiu H, Peng Y, Yang ZQ. Cloning and characterization of porcine resistin gene. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2006; 30:88-97. [PMID: 16023825 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Revised: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Resistin is a member of resistin-like molecules (RELMs) and a hormone secreted from mature adipocytes in rodents and leukocytes in human. We now report the cloning and characterization of the full-length porcine resistin cDNA and gene. Sequence analysis indicated that the pig resistin cDNA sequence had an open reading frame of 330 bp encoding a 12 kDa protein of 109 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 75.2% identity to the human resistin. The porcine resistin gene was composed of four exons and had exactly the same exon structure as the human resistin gene. The tissue distribution of porcine resistin mRNA was assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Resistin gene expression was the highest in porcine leukocytes and low in adipose tissue. Resistin protein could be detected in porcine serum by western blotting and it circulated in serum as dimers and trimers. We provided the first evidence that resistin was abundantly expressed in porcine leukocytes and had an expression pattern similar to that in human resistin mRNA and protein. This suggests that the pig may be a suitable animal model for studying the function of resistin in human insulin resistance.
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102
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Gan L, Yang Y, Wang S, Tang Y, Dong B, Wang Z, Jin H, Tang C. Th-P15:10 Mast cells improve ox-LDL induced vascular smooth muscle cells foaming. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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103
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Johansson M, Bernberg E, Andersson I, Gan L, Bergström G. Th-W51:3 High salt diet accelerates atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice with fixed high angiotensin II levels. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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104
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Qiu H, Xia T, Chen XD, Gan L, Feng SQ, Lei T, Dai MH, Yang ZQ. Characterization of pig INSIG1 and assignment to SSC18. Anim Genet 2005; 36:284-6. [PMID: 15932430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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105
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Qiu H, Xia T, Chen XD, Feng SQ, Gan L, Lei T, Peng Y, Zhang GD, Nie T, Yue GP, Zhao XL, Yang ZQ. Sequencing and chromosome mapping of pig INSIG 2 and a related pseudogene. Anim Genet 2005; 36:188-9. [PMID: 15771747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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106
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Dohrmann F, Ahmidouch A, Armstrong CS, Arrington J, Asaturyan R, Avery S, Bailey K, Bitao H, Breuer H, Brown DS, Carlini R, Cha J, Chant N, Christy E, Cochran A, Cole L, Crowder J, Danagoulian S, Elaasar M, Ent R, Fenker H, Fujii Y, Gan L, Garrow K, Geesaman DF, Gueye P, Hafidi K, Hinton W, Juengst H, Keppel C, Liang Y, Liu JH, Lung A, Mack D, Markowitz P, Mitchell J, Miyoshi T, Mkrtchyan H, Mtingwa SK, Mueller B, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Potterveld D, Raue BA, Reimer PE, Reinhold J, Roche J, Sarsour M, Sato Y, Segel RE, Semenov A, Stepanyan S, Tadevosian V, Tajima S, Tang L, Uzzle A, Wood S, Yamaguchi H, Yan C, Yuan L, Zeidman B, Zeier M, Zihlmann B. Angular distributions for (3,4)(Lambda)H bound states in the (3,4)He(e,e(')K+) reaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:242501. [PMID: 15697799 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.242501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The (3,4)(Lambda)H and (4)(Lambda)H hypernuclear bound states have been observed for the first time in kaon electroproduction on (3,4)He targets. The production cross sections have been determined at Q(2)=0.35 GeV2 and W=1.91 GeV. For either hypernucleus the nuclear form factor is determined by comparing the angular distribution of the (3,4)He(e,e(')K+)(3,4)(Lambda)H processes to the elementary cross section 1H(e,e K+)Lambda on the free proton, measured during the same experiment.
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Chen XD, Lei T, Xia T, Gan L, Yang ZQ. Increased expression of resistin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in pig adipose tissue as well as effect of feeding treatment on resistin and cAMP pathway. Diabetes Obes Metab 2004; 6:271-9. [PMID: 15171751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-8902.2004.0346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Resistin, a novel hormone, is expressed in mouse, rat and human adipose tissue. Its resistance to insulin is controversial. We hypothesized that resistin has the similar roles like those of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a putative mediator of insulin resistance, and they are in common involved in regulating lipid metabolism in vivo. METHODS We demonstrated TNF-alpha and resistin expression in different growth-stage adipose tissue of genetically lean and obese pigs using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis. Moreover, we analysed the variations of resistin and some parameters associated with lipolysis pathway after body-weight reduction in feeding-restricted obese pigs. In addition, we localized resistin expression in the cell types from pig adipose tissue. RESULTS Overall, the expression of TNF-alpha and resistin in obese pigs was statistically higher than their lean counterparts, although this difference in resistin mRNA expression tailed off with age. In individual pigs, their levels increased progressively with age and degree of obesity. After feeding restriction, resistin expression was gradually decreased. Simultaneously, feeding restriction also resulted in a significant decrease of serum triglyceride and plasma cAMP, free fatty acids and insulin as well as fat adenyl cyclase and cAMP. In addition, in isolated pig adipocytes, our data showed that resistin was localized not only to adipocytes but also to other unidentified stromal vascular cells. CONCLUSIONS TNF-alpha and resistin are increased in obesity. Weight loss results in the decrease of resistin and lipolysis-associated parameters, suggesting the possible association between resistin and lipolysis pathway. Cell localization of resistin expression implies the possibility of other biological actions of resistin.
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108
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Lei T, Yang ZQ, Xia T, Gan L, Chen XD, Yuan JH, Zhu Y. Stage-specific expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor and its receptor in rabbit pre-implantation embryo and uterine epithelium during early pregnancy. Reprod Domest Anim 2004; 39:13-8. [PMID: 15129915 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0531.2003.00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been shown to play an important role in the development and implantation of blastocysts in mice. In the current study, the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to examine the expression patterns of LIF and its receptor (LIFR) genes in rabbit embryos during pre-implantation development, and the uterine expression of LIF and LIFR was also evaluated by Western blotting. Transcripts for LIFR were detected within morula and blastocyst-stage embryos, while the LIF mRNA was only found in blastocysts (from early to fully expanded blastocoel cavities), indicating that embryo-derived LIF can act in an autocrine manner on the process of blastocyst formation. The expression levels of LIF and LIFR in uterine epithelium were gradually increased during pre-implantation period and reached their highest levels on days 6.5 of pregnancy, just before the time of blastocyst implantation, suggest that paracrine LIF circuit should exist between the endometrium and the early embryos, which may be involved in the embryo-maternal dialogue and important for the blastocyst implantation. The data present here show the stage-specific and dynamic expression patterns of LIF and LIFR, both in embryos and endometrium, during early pregnancy in rabbits, which indicated that LIF might play an important role in the pre-implantation development and subsequent implantation of rabbit embryos.
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Madey R, Semenov AY, Taylor S, Plaster B, Aghalaryan A, Crouse E, MacLachlan G, Tajima S, Tireman W, Yan C, Ahmidouch A, Anderson BD, Arenhövel H, Asaturyan R, Baker OK, Baldwin AR, Barkhuff D, Breuer H, Carlini R, Christy E, Churchwell S, Cole L, Danagoulian S, Day D, Eden T, Elaasar M, Ent R, Farkhondeh M, Fenker H, Finn JM, Gan L, Garrow K, Gasparian A, Gueye P, Howell CR, Hu B, Jones MK, Kelly JJ, Keppel C, Khandaker M, Kim WY, Kowalski S, Lai A, Lung A, Mack D, Manley DM, Markowitz P, Mitchell J, Mkrtchyan H, Opper AK, Perdrisat C, Punjabi V, Raue B, Reichelt T, Reinhold J, Roche J, Sato Y, Savvinov N, Semenova IA, Seo W, Simicevic N, Smith G, Stepanyan S, Tadevosyan V, Tang L, Ulmer PE, Vulcan W, Watson JW, Wells S, Wesselmann F, Wood S, Yan C, Yang S, Yuan L, Zhang WM, Zhu H, Zhu X. Measurements of GnE/GnM from the 2H(e-->,en-->)1H Reaction to Q2=1.45 (GeV/c)2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:122002. [PMID: 14525355 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report new measurements of the ratio of the electric form factor to the magnetic form factor of the neutron, G(n)(E)/G(n)(M), obtained via recoil polarimetry from the quasielastic 2H(e-->,e(')n-->)1H reaction at Q2 values of 0.45, 1.13, and 1.45 (GeV/c)(2) with relative statistical uncertainties of 7.6% and 8.4% at the two higher Q2 points, which points have never been achieved in polarization measurements.
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110
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Tomassini JE, Boots E, Gan L, Graham P, Munshi V, Wolanski B, Fay JF, Getty K, LaFemina R. An in vitro Flaviviridae replicase system capable of authentic RNA replication. Virology 2003; 313:274-85. [PMID: 12951039 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have established an in vitro replication system for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a surrogate for the closely-related hepatitis C virus. In an in vitro reaction, BVDV replication complexes synthesize vRNA and replicative form (RF) and replicative intermediate (RI) RNAs. Kinetic and heparin trapping experiments demonstrate the recycling of RF and RI products and the initiation of vRNA synthesis in this system. Consistent with this, quantitative hybridization reveals the asymmetric synthesis of positive and negative strand RNA products. These findings support the notion that RF serves as a template and RI as a precursor in the synthesis of vRNA. Furthermore, the antiviral activity of an NS5B inhibitor was similar in BVDV replicase and infectivity assays. Together, these results indicate that the in vitro activity of BVDV replicase complexes recapitulates RNA replication that occurs in infected cells, providing a system in which to study both mechanisms and inhibitors of Flaviviridae replication.
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111
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Miyoshi T, Sarsour M, Yuan L, Zhu X, Ahmidouch A, Ambrozewicz P, Androic D, Angelescu T, Asaturyan R, Avery S, Baker OK, Bertovic I, Breuer H, Carlini R, Cha J, Chrien R, Christy M, Cole L, Danagoulian S, Dehnhard D, Elaasar M, Empl A, Ent R, Fenker H, Fujii Y, Furic M, Gan L, Garrow K, Gasparian A, Gueye P, Harvey M, Hashimoto O, Hinton W, Hu B, Hungerford E, Jackson C, Johnston K, Juengst H, Keppel C, Lan K, Liang Y, Likhachev VP, Liu JH, Mack D, Margaryan A, Markowitz P, Martoff J, Mkrtchyan H, Nakamura SN, Petkovic T, Reinhold J, Roche J, Sato Y, Sawafta R, Simicevic N, Smith G, Stepanyan S, Tadevosyan V, Takahashi T, Tanida K, Tang L, Ukai M, Uzzle A, Vulcan W, Wells S, Wood S, Xu G, Yamaguchi H, Yan C. High resolution spectroscopy of the 12Lambda B hypernucleus produced by the (e,e'K+) reaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:232502. [PMID: 12857252 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.232502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
High-energy, cw electron beams at new accelerator facilities allow electromagnetic production and precision study of hypernuclear structure, and we report here on the first experiment demonstrating the potential of the (e,e'K+) reaction for hypernuclear spectroscopy. This experiment is also the first to take advantage of the enhanced virtual photon flux available when electrons are scattered at approximately zero degrees. The observed energy resolution was found to be approximately 900 keV for the (12)(Lambda)B spectrum, and is substantially better than any previous hypernuclear experiment using magnetic spectrometers. The positions of the major excitations are found to be in agreement with a theoretical prediction and with a previous binding energy measurement, but additional structure is also observed in the core excited region, underlining the future promise of this technique.
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112
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Gan L, Anton KE, Masterson BA, Vincent VAM, Ye S, Gonzalez-Zulueta M. Specific interference with gene expression and gene function mediated by long dsRNA in neural cells. J Neurosci Methods 2002; 121:151-7. [PMID: 12468005 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0270(02)00230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded (ds) RNA-induced sequence-specific interference with gene expression, RNA interference (RNAi), has been extensively used in invertebrates, allowing for efficient and high-throughput gene silencing and gene function analysis. In vertebrates, however, use of RNAi to study gene function has been limited due to non-specific effects induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase and interferon activation. dsRNA-induced specific inhibition of vertebrate gene expression has only been shown in embryonic and non-differentiated mammalian cells. In this report, we demonstrate dsRNA-induced specific interference of gene expression and gene function in partially as well as fully differentiated mouse neuroblastoma cells. Specific silencing was observed in the expression of an integrated transgene coding for green fluorescent protein and a variety of endogenous genes. Moreover, we show that RNAi-mediated inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression induced cellular resistance to oxygen-glucose deprivation, consistent with the role of PARP in ischemia-induced brain damage. Our results indicate that RNAi can be used as a powerful tool to study gene function in neural cells.
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113
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Mu X, Zhao S, Pershad R, Hsieh TF, Scarpa A, Wang SW, White RA, Beremand PD, Thomas TL, Gan L, Klein WH. Gene expression in the developing mouse retina by EST sequencing and microarray analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:4983-93. [PMID: 11812828 PMCID: PMC97568 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.24.4983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal development occurs in mice between embryonic day E11.5 and post-natal day P8 as uncommitted neuroblasts assume retinal cell fates. The genetic pathways regulating retinal development are being identified but little is understood about the global networks that link these pathways together or the complexity of the expressed gene set required to form the retina. At E14.5, the retina contains mostly uncommitted neuroblasts and newly differentiated neurons. Here we report a sequence analysis of an E14.5 retinal cDNA library. To date, we have archived 15 268 ESTs and have annotated 9035, which represent 5288 genes. The fraction of singly occurring ESTs as a function of total EST accrual suggests that the total number of expressed genes in the library could approach 27 000. The 9035 ESTs were categorized by their known or putative functions. Representation of the genes involved in eye development was significantly higher in the retinal clone set compared with the NIA mouse 15K cDNA clone set. Screening with a microarray containing 864 cDNA clones using wild-type and brn-3b (-/-) retinal cDNA probes revealed a potential regulatory linkage between the transcription factor Brn-3b and expression of GAP-43, a protein associated with axon growth. The retinal EST database will be a valuable platform for gene expression profiling and a new source for gene discovery.
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Gaskell D, Ahmidouch A, Ambrozewicz P, Anklin H, Arrington J, Assamagan K, Avery S, Bailey K, Baker OK, Beedoe S, Beise B, Breuer H, Brown DS, Carlini R, Cha J, Chant N, Cowley A, Danagoulian S, De Schepper D, Dunne J, Dutta D, Ent R, Gan L, Gasparian A, Geesaman DF, Gilman R, Glashausser C, Gueye P, Harvey M, Hashimoto O, Hinton W, Hofman G, Jackson C, Jackson HE, Keppel C, Kinney E, Koltenuk D, Kyle G, Lung A, Mack D, McKee D, Mitchell J, Mkrtchyan H, Mueller B, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, O'Neill TG, Papavassiliou V, Potterveld D, Reinhold J, Roos P, Sawafta R, Segel R, Stepanyan S, Tadevosyan V, Takahashi T, Tang L, Terburg B, Van Westrum D, Volmer J, Welch TP, Wood S, Yuan L, Zeidman B, Zihlmann B. Longitudinal electroproduction of charged pions from (1)H, (2)H, and (3)He. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:202301. [PMID: 11690468 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Separated longitudinal and transverse cross sections for charged pion electroproduction from (1)H, (2)H, and (3)He were measured at Q(2) = 0.4 (GeV/c)(2) for two values of the invariant mass, W = 1.15 GeV and W = 1.60 GeV, in a search for a mass dependence which would signal the effect of nuclear pions. This is the first such study that includes recoil momenta significantly above the Fermi surface. The longitudinal cross section, if dominated by the pion-pole process, should be sensitive to nuclear pion currents. Comparisons of the longitudinal cross section target ratios to a quasifree calculation reveal a significant suppression in (3)He at W = 1.60 GeV. The W = 1.15 GeV results are consistent with simple estimates of the effect of nuclear pion currents, but are also consistent with pure quasifree production.
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115
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Guo H, Gan L, Yu Z. [The protective effect of low molecular weight heparin on early nephropathy in diabetic rats]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2001; 81:1327-9. [PMID: 16200729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of low molecular heparin on early nephropathy in diabetic rats and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into following groups: normal control rats, streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg)-induced diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with low molecular weight heparin (Fraxiparine, Nadroparin calcium 205 AXaIU/kg). The activity of anti-Xa factor and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APIT) in plasma were assayed, the renal function and profile of kidney hypertrophy were measured, and the renal tissue were observed by light microscopy after 1, 2, 4 weeks of the treatment respectively. RESULTS Compared with the untreated diabetic group, except for higher kidney hypertrophy index, LMWH treated diabetic rats presented less urinary albumin excretion, lower creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) and longer APTT than diabetic group without any treatment. Meanwhile, renal pathologic changes in LMWH treated group were improved. CONCLUSION Low molecular weight heparin possesses a renal protective effect on early diabetic nephropathy and its possible mechanism may be associated with the beneficial effect of LMWH on regulating abnormal diabetic renal hemodynamics.
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Kim BS, Savinova OV, Reedy MV, Martin J, Lun Y, Gan L, Smith RS, Tomarev SI, John SW, Johnson RL. Targeted Disruption of the Myocilin Gene (Myoc) Suggests that Human Glaucoma-Causing Mutations Are Gain of Function. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:7707-13. [PMID: 11604506 PMCID: PMC99941 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.22.7707-7713.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a heterogeneous eye disease and a major cause of blindness worldwide. Recently, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)-associated mutations have been found in the trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response gene (TIGR), also known as the myocilin gene (MYOC), at the GLC1A locus on chromosome 1q21-q31. These mutations occurred in a subset of patients with juvenile- and adult-onset POAG and exhibited autosomal dominant inheritance. Ocular expression and its involvement in POAG suggest that TIGR/MYOC may have a role(s) in regulating intraocular pressure (IOP). Here, we report the generation and analysis of mice heterozygous and homozygous for a targeted null mutation in Myoc. Our study shows that Myoc mutant mice are both viable and fertile. Our in vivo findings further demonstrate that Myoc is not required for normal IOP or normal ocular morphology. The lack of a discernable phenotype in both Myoc-heterozygous and Myoc-null mice suggests that haploinsufficiency is not a critical mechanism for POAG in individuals with mutations in MYOC. Instead, disease-causing mutations in humans likely act by gain of function.
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117
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Gan L, Wang J, Zhang S. [Inhibition the growth of human leukemia cells by Lycium barbarum polysaccharide]. WEI SHENG YAN JIU = JOURNAL OF HYGIENE RESEARCH 2001; 30:333-5. [PMID: 12561612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect and the mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP-X) on inhibiting the growth of human leukemia HL-60 cells were examined. LBP-X(20, 100, 500, 1000 mg/L) could inhibit the growth of HL-60 cells in dose-dependent manner and decrease the membrane fluidity of the cell. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA from the cells treated with LBP-X revealed a "DNA ladder" and positive TUNEL test. The results showed that the apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by LBP-X maybe its important mechanism on anti-tumorgenesis.
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Metzler M, Legendre-Guillemin V, Gan L, Chopra V, Kwok A, McPherson PS, Hayden MR. HIP1 functions in clathrin-mediated endocytosis through binding to clathrin and adaptor protein 2. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:39271-6. [PMID: 11517213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c100401200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine expansion in huntingtin is the underlying mutation leading to neurodegeneration in Huntington disease. This mutation influences the interaction of huntingtin with different proteins, including huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1), in which affinity to bind to mutant huntingtin is profoundly reduced. Here we demonstrate that HIP1 colocalizes with markers of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in neuronal cells and is highly enriched on clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) purified from brain homogenates. HIP1 binds to the clathrin adaptor protein 2 (AP2) and the terminal domain of the clathrin heavy chain, predominantly through a small fragment encompassing amino acids 276-335. This region, which contains consensus clathrin- and AP2-binding sites, functions in conjunction with the coiled-coil domain to target HIP1 to CCVs. Expression of various HIP1 fragments leads to a potent block of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our findings demonstrate that HIP1 is a novel component of the endocytic machinery.
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Gan L, Hamberg-Nyström H, Fagerholm P, Van Setten G. Cellular proliferation and leukocyte infiltration in the rabbit cornea after photorefractive keratectomy. ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2001; 79:488-92. [PMID: 11594985 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0420.2001.790512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To map the proliferative activity of corneal cells during wound healing following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and to compare two markers for proliferation. METHODS PRK, 5- mm in diameter with a -6 D setting, was performed in one eye of 28 New Zealand White Rabbits. The rabbits were sacrificed at time points between 12 hours and three months after surgery. The treated and fellow corneas were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, paraffin embedded, and immunohistochemically stained for proliferate cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and at one time point, 1 week, also for Ki-67. RESULTS Following initial sliding of the epithelial cells, the proliferative activity in the wound area starts in the leading edge (24 hours) and is spread towards the periphery. The proliferative activity peaks after one week and subsides during the following two weeks. Early (24 hours) proliferative activity is also seen in the limbal epithelium which peaks after three days. The keratocytes express PCNA in the peripheral stroma 48 hours after injury. They then also migrate to repopulate the stroma under the wound area. The expression period lasts 1 week and subsides the following week. Leukocytes are found in the wound as early as 12 hours after injury. The cells disappear around the time of epithelial wound closure, i.e. after 3 days. The two proliferative markers PCNA and KI 67 show a similar distribution after surgery. CONCLUSION Epithelial proliferative activity starts earlier after injury, and is preceded by leukocyte presence in the wound. The PCNA expression starts later in the keratocytes but lasts somewhat longer (3 weeks). PCNA expression appears more efficient than Ki-67 to show proliferative activity of slow cycling cells in the cornea
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Ahn JK, Ajimura S, Akikawa H, Bassalleck B, Berdoz A, Carman D, Chrien RE, Davis CA, Eugenio P, Fischer H, Franklin GB, Franz J, Fukuda T, Gan L, Hotchi H, Ichikawa A, Imai K, Kahana SH, Khaustov P, Kishimoto T, Koran P, Kohri H, Kourepin A, Kubota K, Landry M, May M, Meyer C, Meziani Z, Minami S, Miyachi T, Nagae T, Nakano J, Outa H, Paschke K, Pile P, Prokhabatilov M, Quinn BP, Rasin V, Rusek A, Schmitt H, Schumacher RA, Sekimoto M, Shileev K, Shimizu Y, Sutter R, Tamagawa T, Tang L, Tanida K, Yamamoto K, Yuan L. Production of (4)(double Lambda)H hypernuclei. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:132504. [PMID: 11580581 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.132504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An experiment demonstrating the production of double-Lambda hypernuclei in (K(-),K(+)) reactions on (9)Be was carried out at the D6 line in the BNL alternating-gradient synchrotron. The technique was the observation of pions produced in sequential mesonic weak decay, each pion associated with one unit of strangeness change. The results indicate the production of a significant number of the double hypernucleus (4)(double Lambda)H and the twin hypernuclei (4)(Lambda)H and (3)(Lambda)H. The relevant decay chains are discussed and a simple model of the production mechanism is presented. An implication of this experiment is that the existence of an S = -2 dibaryon more than a few MeV below the double Lambda mass is unlikely.
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Cheng H, Gan L, Shi Y, Wei X. A novel[2 + 3]cycloaddition reaction: singlet oxygen mediated formation of 1,3-dipole from iminodiacetic acid dimethyl ester and its addition to maleimides. J Org Chem 2001; 66:6369-74. [PMID: 11559188 DOI: 10.1021/jo015749m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sensitized photolysis of iminodiacetic acid methyl ester and maleimides follows a [2 + 3] cycloaddition pathway yielding pyrrolidine derivatives. This is similar to the photochemical reaction between C(60) and amines. A series of pyrrolidine derivatives are prepared by the method including multipyrrolidines from bis- and tris-maleimide starting materials. The yields range from 13% to 85%. The reaction is highly stereoselective. All the isolated products have the 1,3-dimethoxycarbonyl groups in the cis configuration. Various sensitizers may be used with slightly different yields. A plausible mechanism is proposed that involves the singlet oxygen abstraction of two alpha hydrogen atoms from the iminodiacetate and formation of a 1,3-dipole with a structure similar to the classical thermally generated 1,3-dipole.
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Schulte EC, Ahmidouch A, Armstrong CS, Arrington J, Asaturyan R, Avery S, Baker OK, Beck DH, Blok HP, Bochna CW, Boeglin W, Bosted PY, Bouwhuis M, Breuer H, Brown DS, Bruell A, Cadman RV, Carlini R, Chant NS, Cochran A, Cole L, Danagoulian S, Day DB, Dunne JA, Dutta D, Ent R, Fenker HC, Fox B, Gan L, Gao H, Garrow K, Gaskell D, Gasparian A, Geesaman DF, Gilman R, Glashausser C, Gueye P, Harvey M, Holt RJ, Jackson HE, Jiang X, Keppel CE, Kinney ER, Liang Y, Lorenzon W, Lung AF, Mack DJ, Markowitz PE, Martin J, McIlhany K, McKee D, Meekins DG, Miller MA, Milner RG, Mitchell JH, Mkrtchyan H, Mueller BA, Nathan AM, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, O'Neill TG, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Piercey RB, Potterveld DH, Ransome RD, Reinhold J, Rollinde E, Roos P, Saha A, Sarty AJ, Sawafta R, Segbefia E, Shin T, Stepanyan S, Strauch S, Sutter MF, Tadevosyan V, Tang L, Tieulent R, Uzzle A, Vulcan WF, Wood SA, Xiong F, Yuan L, Zeier M, Zihlmann B, Ziskin V. Measurement of the high energy two-body deuteron photodisintegration differential cross section. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:102302. [PMID: 11531475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The first measurements of the d(gamma,p)n differential cross section at forward angles and photon energies above 4 GeV were performed at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). The results indicate evidence of an angular dependent scaling threshold. Results at straight theta(cm) = 37 degrees are consistent with the constituent counting rules for E(gamma) greater, similar 4 GeV, while those at 70 degrees are consistent with the constituent counting rules for E(gamma) greater, similar 1.5 GeV.
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Weber BA, Gan L, Fagerholm P. Wound healing response in the presence of stromal irregularities after excimer laser treatment. ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2001; 79:381-8. [PMID: 11453859 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0420.2001.079004381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To trace the fate of stromal irregularities after excimer laser treatment and to increase our knowledge of the reasons why surface irregularities in the ablation bed cause inferior postoperative results. METHODS Twelve New Zealand White rabbits received a transepithelial photoablation to a preset depth of 60 microm. An electron microscopy specimen grid was then placed on the denuded stroma and another 20 microm ablation was applied in order to produce surface irregularities. Another six rabbits received a plano transepithelial photoablation to a preset depth of 80 microm. The treated corneas were harvested at various timepoints and differentially further processed for microradiography, hematoxylin-eosin -, hyaluronan (HA)- and leukocyte protein L1 staining. RESULTS In the grid treated corneas the subepithelial mesh pattern is clearly discernible after 1 week, and after 4 weeks it is replaced by a subepithelial layer containing HA and water. The thinning of this layer between 1 and 12 weeks is statistically significant (p<0.05). After 4 and 8 week the plano treated corneas only exhibit some subepithelial HA- and water accumulation. After 1 day the grid treated corneas show an extensive stromal infiltration of leukocytes. In the plano treated corneas the leukocytes mainly remain on the surface. CONCLUSIONS During the healing process stromal irregularities are flattened, leaving a homogeneous zone with increased water content. This subepithelial layer is rarefying as new subepithelial tissue is forming. Postablational irregularities induce a more pronounced healing reaction when compared to a smooth ablation surface. Leukocyte infiltration seems to play a role in this process.
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Ajimura S, Hayakawa H, Kishimoto T, Kohri H, Matsuoka K, Minami S, Mori T, Morikubo K, Saji E, Sakaguchi A, Shimizu Y, Sumihama M, Chrien RE, May M, Pile P, Rusek A, Sutter R, Eugenio P, Franklin G, Khaustov P, Paschke K, Quinn BP, Schumacher RA, Franz J, Fukuda T, Noumi H, Outa H, Gan L, Tang L, Yuan L, Tamura H, Nakano J, Tamagawa T, Tanida K, Sawafta R. Observation of spin-orbit splitting in lambda single-particle states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:4255-4258. [PMID: 11328148 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The spin-orbit splitting of Lambda single-particle states in (13)(Lambda)C was measured. The 13C(K-,pi(-))(13)(Lambda)C reaction was used to excite both the 1/2(-) and 3/2(-) states simultaneously, which have predominantly 12C(0(+)) x p(Lambda) configuration. gamma rays from the states to the ground state were measured in coincidence with the pi(-)'s, by which ls splitting was found to be 152+/-54(stat)+/-36(syst) keV. The value is 20-30 times smaller than exhibited by the ls splitting in the nuclear shell model. This value gives us new insight into the YN interaction.
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Martin WL, West AP, Gan L, Bjorkman PJ. Crystal structure at 2.8 A of an FcRn/heterodimeric Fc complex: mechanism of pH-dependent binding. Mol Cell 2001; 7:867-77. [PMID: 11336709 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) transports immunoglobulin G (IgG) across epithelia, binding IgG in acidic vesicles (pH < or = 6.5) and releasing IgG in the blood at pH 7.4. Well-ordered FcRn/Fc crystals are prevented by the formation of "oligomeric ribbons" of FcRn dimers bridged by Fc homodimers, thus we crystallized a 1:1 complex between rat FcRn and a heterodimeric Fc containing only one FcRn binding site. The 2.8 A complex structure demonstrates that FcRn uses its alpha2 and beta2-microglobulin domains and carbohydrate to interact with the Fc C(gamma)2-C(gamma)3 interface. The structure reveals conformational changes in Fc and three titratable salt bridges that confer pH-dependent binding, and can be used to guide rational design of therapeutic IgGs with longer serum half-lives.
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