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Chilcott RP, Barai N, Beezer AE, Brain SI, Brown MB, Bunge AL, Burgess SE, Cross S, Dalton CH, Dias M, Farinha A, Finnin BC, Gallagher SJ, Green DM, Gunt H, Gwyther RL, Heard CM, Jarvis CA, Kamiyama F, Kasting GB, Ley EE, Lim ST, McNaughton GS, Morris A, Nazemi MH, Pellett MA, Du Plessis J, Quan YS, Raghavan SL, Roberts M, Romonchuk W, Roper CS, Schenk D, Simonsen L, Simpson A, Traversa BD, Trottet L, Watkinson A, Wilkinson SC, Williams FM, Yamamoto A, Hadgraft J. Inter‐ and intralaboratory variation of in vitro diffusion cell measurements: An international multicenter study using quasi‐standardized methods and materials. J Pharm Sci 2005; 94:632-8. [PMID: 15666298 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In vitro measurements of skin absorption are an increasingly important aspect of regulatory studies, product support claims, and formulation screening. However, such measurements are significantly affected by skin variability. The purpose of this study was to determine inter- and intralaboratory variation in diffusion cell measurements caused by factors other than skin. This was attained through the use of an artificial (silicone rubber) rate-limiting membrane and the provision of materials including a standard penetrant, methyl paraben (MP), and a minimally prescriptive protocol to each of the 18 participating laboratories. "Standardized" calculations of MP flux were determined from the data submitted by each laboratory by applying a predefined mathematical model. This was deemed necessary to eliminate any interlaboratory variation caused by different methods of flux calculations. Average fluxes of MP calculated and reported by each laboratory (60 +/- 27 microg cm(-2) h(-1), n = 25, range 27-101) were in agreement with the standardized calculations of MP flux (60 +/- 21 microg cm(-2) h(-1), range 19-120). The coefficient of variation between laboratories was approximately 35% and was manifest as a fourfold difference between the lowest and highest average flux values and a sixfold difference between the lowest and highest individual flux values. Intralaboratory variation was lower, averaging 10% for five individuals using the same equipment within a single laboratory. Further studies should be performed to clarify the exact components responsible for nonskin-related variability in diffusion cell measurements. It is clear that further developments of in vitro methodologies for measuring skin absorption are required.
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102
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Lemos S, Dias M, Gonçalo M, Pinto E, Fernandes G, Oliveira C. Detection of axillary metastases in breast cancer patients using ultrasound and colour Doppler combined with fine needle aspiration cytology. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2005; 26:165-6. [PMID: 15857022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography and colour Doppler combined with fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology for the detection of non-palpable axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients. Forty patients with operable breast cancer (T1/T2), invasive carcinoma, not submitted to neo-adjuvant therapy, underwent axillary ultrasonography and colour Doppler preoperatively. FNA cytology was performed on axillary lymph nodes presenting ultrasonographic and/or Doppler suspicious features. A total of 542 lymph nodes were surgically removed from the 40 patients; 19 were metastatic lymph nodes. Ultrasound-guided FNA detected metastases in six out of 11 histologically node-positive patients. Sensitivity and specificity in this preliminary study was 55% and 100%, respectively. These are the preliminary results of a prospective study that has the purpose of reducing the sentinel node procedures in breast cancer patients with clinically negative axillae, but positive FNA cytology.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Axilla
- Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphatic Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Lymphatic Diseases/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Mastectomy
- Middle Aged
- Prospective Studies
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Treatment Outcome
- Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
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103
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Areia AL, Dias M, Alves MM, de Oliveira CF. Primary breast lymphoma. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2005; 26:163-4. [PMID: 15857021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Retrospective evaluation of the clinical behavior, treatment and prognosis in five cases of primary breast lymphoma. METHODS From 1999 to 2003, five patients with primary breast lymphoma were diagnosed in our department. RESULTS Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) was diagnosed in five patients, whose median age was 63.4 (41-79) years. In four out of five patients, a diagnosis of lymphoma was made after the evaluation of a palpable breast mass measuring 1.5 to 6 cm. All of them were classified as non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphomas and three of five cases were diffuse large cell lymphomas. All patients were submitted to chemotherapy; in only one patient was surgery performed. CONCLUSIONS A relatively high rate of PBL was observed in our department compared with other oncology centers. Beyond its scarce appearance, PBL is very difficult to distinguish from primary breast carcinoma. Histology remains the major diagnostic tool.
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104
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Dias M, Antony B, Aithala S, Hanumanthappa B, Pinto H, Rekha B. Burkholderia pseudomallei septicaemia - a case report. Indian J Med Microbiol 2004; 22:266-8. [PMID: 17642754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei, a natural saprophyte widely distributed in soil, stagnant waters of endemic areas, is said to infect humans through breaks in the skin or through inhalation causing protean clinical manifestations including fatal septicaemia. A case of septicaemia in a elderly female diabetic due to B. pseudomallei following a history of fall is being reported with complete details.
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105
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Backhouse L, Dias M, Gorce JP, Hadgraft J, McDonald PJ, Wiechers JW. GARField magnetic resonance profiling of the ingress of model skin-care product ingredients into human skin in vitro. J Pharm Sci 2004; 93:2274-83. [PMID: 15295788 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A preliminary study of the ingress of mineral oil, decanol, and glycerine into samples of human abdominal skin tissue in vitro made using magnetic resonance profiling with a GARField magnet is reported. Two layers, each circa 50 microm thick and attributed to stratum corneum and viable epidermis, are spatially resolved. Clear differences are observed in the magnetic resonance response of these layers arising from the application of the model skin-care product ingredients. In the case of decanol and glycerine, it is suggested that the profiles show evidence for the effects of moisturization, as distinct from hydration. In the case of glycerine, the effective ingress diffusion coefficient is calculated to be 1.3 +/- 0.5 x 10(-9) cm2s(-1).
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106
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Jayakeerthi SR, Dias M, Nagarathna S, Anandh B, Mahadevan A, Chandramuki A. Brain abscess due to Cladophialophora bantiana. Indian J Med Microbiol 2004; 22:193-5. [PMID: 17642733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cladophialophora bantiana (Xylohypha bantiana) is a dematiaceous fungus with distinct neurotropism. CNS phaeohyphomycosis due to C. bantiana is an uncommon infectious condition and is associated with high mortality. We report this rare clinical entity in a 22-year-old male, presenting as brain abscess. Etiological diagnosis was made based on fungal culture and histopathological examination. Complete surgical resection of the lesion and treatment with antifungal agents could not save the patient from this frequently fatal infection.
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Dias M, Hadgraft J, Raghavan SL, Tetteh J. The effect of solvent on permeant diffusion through membranes studied using ATR-FTIR and chemometric data analysis. J Pharm Sci 2004; 93:186-96. [PMID: 14648648 DOI: 10.1002/jps.10530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One method of improving the bioavailability of a topical formulation is to add an appropriate solvent that will act as a solubilizer for the permeant and, at the same time, modify the barrier properties of the stratum corneum. It has proved very difficult to determine the precise mechanisms of action involved; this is complicated by the concurrent diffusion of the solvent and the permeant into the skin. Under these circumstances the barrier function may well be changing as a function of time as the solvent disrupts it. We have observed this phenomenon in a model silicone membrane system that we have chosen to study initially to avoid the complexity of the heterogeneous nature of skin and its inherent biological variability. Diffusion experiments were conducted using an established ATR-FTIR approach but the data interpreted using sophisticated chemometric approaches that allowed us to deconvolve the IR signals from the permeant, the solvent, and the membrane. Data are presented that show the concurrent diffusion of benzoic acid (permeant), octanol (solvent), and how the octanol modifies the characteristics of the silicone membrane. Initial data are then presented using human skin to show the power of the diffusion approach coupled to the data deconvolution technique.
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108
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Szczepny A, Jans DA, Loveland KL, Dias M. 243.Nuclear transport of Gli transcription factors during spermatogenesis. Reprod Fertil Dev 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/srb04abs243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Development is highly regulated by complex signalling cascades. One such pathway is the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway which plays an essential role in spermatogenesis. The Gli family of zinc finger TFs, consisting of Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3, are mediators of the Hh signalling cascade. Gli1 is an activator of Hh target genes, whereas Gli2 and Gli3 can undergo proteolytic cleavage and function as both activators and repressors. Little is known regarding the nuclear import pathway of these TFs. In this study, the mRNA expression pattern of all Gli family members in the developing mouse testis was compiled by in situ hybridisation and shown to have unique expression patterns. In the adult mouse testis, Gli1 mRNA was detected in spermatogonia through to round spermatids whereas Gli2 was only found in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Very low levels of Gli3 mRNA were detected in all ages and cell types. Since little is known regarding the import pathway for Gli1, expression vectors containing different fragments of the N-terminus of Gli1 were created and used to perform transfection experiments and generate vectors for bacterial GFP-fusion protein expression. Transfection experiments into African green monkey kidney Cos-7 cells, and the murine spermatogenic cell lines, Gc-1 and Gc-2 using 3 different constructs localised the NLS(s) required to target Gli1 to the nucleus in the zinc finger DNA-binding domain of Gli1. Preliminary results for in vitro binding of bacterially expressed Gli1 indicated no binding by importin β 1 or β3 but a weak interaction with the importin α/β heterodimer. This can be seen as the first step towards defining the nuclear import pathway for Gli1. The mechanisms by which Gli activity is modulated remain unanswered and the regulation of its nuclear entry may be an important means of doing so.
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109
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Couto D, Dias M, Gonçalo M, Pinto E, de Oliveira CF. Diagnostic value of ultrasound and color Doppler in identifying axillary lymph node metastases in patients with breast cancer. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2004; 25:568-70. [PMID: 15493167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of ultrasound and color Doppler in axillary lymph node metastases of patients with breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective study including 55 patients with primitive, invasive, node negative breast cancer who underwent preoperative axillary ultrasound and color Doppler. Doppler and morphologic ultrasound criteria were applied to the identification of axillary lymph node metastases. RESULTS The imagery study of all 55 patients identified a total of 141 nodes; 44 were considered to be positive according to established criteria. The histological examination of the axillary dissection revealed a total of 989 nodes; 77 out of 989 presented metastases; all invaded nodes belonged to 21 patients. The previous imagiologic study was positive for axillary lymph node metastases in 15 out of these 21 patients. A sensitivity of 71.4%, a specificity of 71.4%, a negative predictive value of 80.6% and a positive predictive value of 60.0% were achieved. CONCLUSION The imagery study of the axillary region through ultrasound and color Doppler might be useful in assessing axillary lymph node metastases in patients with breast cancer.
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110
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Dias C, Dias M, Borges C, Almoster Ferreira MA, Paulo A, Nascimento J. Structural elucidation of natural 2-hydroxy di- and tricarboxylic acids and esters, phenylpropanoid esters and a flavonoid from Autonoë madeirensis using gas chromatographic/electron ionization, electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometric techniques. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:1240-1244. [PMID: 14696202 DOI: 10.1002/jms.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of Autonoë madeirensis bulbs was characterized as part of a systematic phytochemical study of this species. The compounds reported were mainly identified on the basis of gas chromatography/electron ionization, electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry. The structures of the pure compounds were also characterized by means of other physical and spectroscopic data (m.p., IR, UV, NMR). The compounds identified were 2-hydroxy di- and tricarboxylic acids and esters (malic acid, citric acid and their methyl and ethyl esters), cis- and trans-hydroxycinnamic esters (methyl and ethyl p-coumarate and methyl ferulate) and a new flavone diglucoside, 7-O-[beta-glucosyl-(1-->2)-O-beta-glucosyl]apigenin, the interglucosidic linkage (1-->2) of which is, to the best of our knowledge, reported for the first time in a diglucoside of apigenin. The results may contribute to the chemotaxonomy of the Autonoë genus and lead to a rapid tool for the systematic characterization of these compounds in plant extracts.
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111
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Faintuch J, Matsuda M, Cruz M, Silva M, Dias M, Oliveira C, Rascovski A. Severe protein-calorie malnutrition after bariatric intervention. Clin Nutr 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(03)80081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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112
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Nogueira SA, Lambert JS, Albuquerque AL, Rodrigues R, Reis S, Bornia R, Dias M, Barbosa R, Sztanjbock D, Santos AL, Blattner W, Constantine NT. Assessment of a rapid HIV test strategy during labor: a pilot study from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. JOURNAL OF HUMAN VIROLOGY 2001; 4:278-82. [PMID: 11907385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To use two rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests at labor, measure test acceptance and performance, and measure HIV prevalence in these women. METHODS Between February and October 2000, two rapid tests (Determine; Abbott, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. and Double Check; Orgenics, Yavne, Israel) were used in three public maternities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB) analysis confirmed positive and discordant results. RESULTS Of the 858 patients who were enrolled, the mean gestational age was 36 weeks (median = 39, mode = 40) and 17 (2%) refused testing. Of the 841 patients tested, 13 were positive by both tests, which represents a 1.5% prevalence (95% confidence interval: 0.7%-2.3%); all were confirmed by ELISA and WB analysis. Seven samples gave discordant results by the rapid tests; of these, six were ELISA-negative/WB-negative and one was ELISA-negative/WB-indeterminate. The positive predictive value for samples that were positive by both rapid tests simultaneously was 100%. CONCLUSIONS Two rapid HIV tests used at labor were well accepted (98%). When the combined results of the two rapid tests (but not a single rapid test) were analyzed, this strategy was as efficient as the standard ELISA and WB HIV strategy for correctly classifying individuals.
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113
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Dias M. The road to success in PPS: guiding care for efficiency and effectiveness. Prospective payment system. HOME CARE PROVIDER 2001; 6:85-9. [PMID: 11402266 DOI: 10.1067/mhc.2001.116263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article features one organization's attempt to interpret and form operational definitions for the initiation of the prospective payment system (PPS) by October 1, 2000. Data collection, initiated with the October 28, 1999, proposed regulations, showed inconsistent use of resources when patient needs were similar based on the initial 20 indicators used to calculate acuity and payment levels in PPS. A decision to use a clinical guidance system with the potential to control outcomes and use rates resulted in the development of a system called Care Guides. These tools help home care staff develop and implement efficient and effective home care plans.
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114
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Dias M, Raghavan SL, Hadgraft J. ATR-FTIR spectroscopic investigations on the effect of solvents on the permeation of benzoic acid and salicylic acid through silicone membranes. Int J Pharm 2001; 216:51-9. [PMID: 11274806 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a series of alcohols on the permeation of salicylic acid (SA) and benzoic acid (BA) through silicone membrane was evaluated, using Franz-type diffusion cells. Although permeants were applied at the same thermodynamic activity in all vehicles, the resulting fluxes were found to differ significantly. This was a consequence of the interactions between the vehicles and the membrane. The interactions between the vehicles and the membrane were further investigated using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. With this technique, it was possible to identify two different diffusion processes when the membrane was pre-treated with buffer, whereas one single diffusion process was observed when the membrane was pre-soaked with the vehicle. The technique was successfully used to deconvolute the relative magnitude of partition and diffusion in the permeation process. It was shown that the permeation of both acids was affected by the effect of the vehicles on the diffusion coefficient and the partition coefficient in the silicone membrane. The solubility of the drug in the impregnated membrane was found to be proportional to the saturated solubility in the vehicle used to treat the membrane. The solubility of BA in the impregnated silicone membrane was twice that of SA.
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115
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Serwint JR, Dias M, White J. Effects of lead counseling for children with lead levels > or = 20 microgram/dL: impact on parental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2000; 39:643-50. [PMID: 11110364 DOI: 10.1177/000992280003901103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess parental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior concerning lead reduction counseling. Of 108 children with confirmed venous lead levels > or = 20 microg/dL, 75 (69%) of the parents were interviewed by telephone 6-9 months later. The majority of parents recalled being given specific lead reduction strategies. Knowledge of cleaning interventions was associated with parents who could state the lead level, who perceived a benefit from knowing it was elevated, and whose children were referred to a specialty lead clinic. Recall of nutritional interventions was associated with parents who could state the lead level and whose children were referred to a specialty lead clinic. Although 79% of parents thought that it was beneficial to know their child's lead level was elevated, only 65% reported implementing lead reduction strategies. The majority of parents recalled receiving lead reduction counseling but reported low compliance with lead reduction strategies. Further research is needed to determine the causes of the discrepancy between knowledge and making the behavior changes necessary to comply with lead reduction interventions.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Remifentanil hydrochloride is a new titratable opioid agonist with rapid onset and offset of action. We present 2 cases of intracranial mass lesions in whom remifentanil was used to obtain serial neurological examinations. METHODS Patients received bolus doses of remifentanil 1 microgram/kg followed by continuous infusions of 0.1-0.5 microgram/kg/min, titrated to effect. After the clinical examination, the remifentanil was restarted to the desired effect. CONCLUSION The ultra-short duration of action of remifentanil makes it ideally suited for selected pediatric neurosurgical patients in whom frequent, serial neurological examinations are necessary. There were no side effects associated with the use of remifentanil.
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Pires MA, Dias M, Oliveira C, De Oliveira HM. [Factors of recurrence of intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2000; 13:259-63. [PMID: 11234489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective study (1994-1996) of 282 cases of intraepithelial lesions treated in the Gynecology Services of Coimbra University Hospitals and subsequent follow-up (9-45 months). The following parameters were evaluated as recurrence factors: the patient's age, lesion degree, associated HPV infection, treatment type, safety margin in the ablative treatments and interval free of illness. RESULTS Of the 282 cases, 72.4% (N = 204) corresponded to HSIL and 27.6% (N = 78) to LSIL. The patients' mean was 36.3 +/- 9.1 [19-67] years. The most commonly used treatment types were the LLETZ (large loop excision of the transformation zone) (76.9%) followed by CO2 LASER vaporization (16%) and finally cold-knife conization (7.1%). The safety margins were determined in 184 cases and, on average, were of 3.2 +/- 2.4 [1-10] mm. Forty-four recurrences occurred (15.6%) of which 75% corresponded to HSIL lesions (N = 33) and 25% (N = 11) to LSIL. From the total number of recurrences the association to HPV infection was found in 24 of the cases (54.5%) and 75% of these (N = 19) corresponded to HSIL. The average age in the recurrence group was 38.2 +/- 8.7 [21-53] years and 35.9 +/- 9.2 [19-67] years in the group without recurrences (p > 0.05). In the LSIL group treated with CO2 LASER (N = 32) the recurrence rate was 15.6% versus 13.3% in the group treated with LLETZ (N = 45). In the HSIL that were treated with CO2 LASER vaporization (N = 13) the recurrence rate was 23%; in those treated with LLETZ (N = 172) there were 16.2% recurrences and in the group submitted to cold-knife conization (N = 19) that rate was 10.5%. CONCLUSIONS The total rate of recurrence was 15.6% with the greatest incidence of lesions associated to HPV (p > 0.05). Regarding the particular case of the HSIL, a great number of recurrences with the destructive treatments (CO2 LASER) was observed when compared to the ablative treatments (cold-knife conization or LLETZ).
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Dias M, Cabrita S, Sousa E, França B, Patrício J, Oliveira C. Benign and malignant mammary tumors induced by DMBA in female Wistar rats. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 1999; 20:285-8. [PMID: 10475125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
This study pretends to characterize 7, 12-dimetylbenz[a]anthracene-induced benign and malignant tumors. One hundred and twenty female Wistar rats were randomly allocated to two groups: Control Group and Induction Group; IG animals were given a single dose of DMBA and killed 24 weeks after. Other tumors besides breast tumors were diagnosed, mainly tumors of the salivary glands and ovarian benign epithelial tumors. Incidence of breast disorders was about 60%. Macroscopic mammary tumors varied in dimension from 2 mm to 55 mm. Malignant breast tumors (n = 56) were essentially invasive ductal carcinomas (91.1%), G1 (92.2%), presenting histologic characteristics of good prognosis. Predominant benign breast disorders consisted of glandular (68.6%) and atypical (20%) hyperplasias reproducing histologic types of human breast diseases. Different individual susceptibility to DMBA apparently occurs; while some rats never developed neoplasias, others exhibited several tumors.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
- Animals
- Carcinogenicity Tests
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Female
- Fibroadenoma/chemically induced
- Fibroadenoma/epidemiology
- Fibroadenoma/pathology
- Hyperplasia/chemically induced
- Hyperplasia/epidemiology
- Hyperplasia/pathology
- Incidence
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/epidemiology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Papilloma, Intraductal/chemically induced
- Papilloma, Intraductal/epidemiology
- Papilloma, Intraductal/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
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Dias M, Farinha A, Faustino E, Hadgraft J, Pais J, Toscano C. Topical delivery of caffeine from some commercial formulations. Int J Pharm 1999; 182:41-7. [PMID: 10332073 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(99)00067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Permeation of caffeine through human skin and artificial membranes (mounted in modified Franz type diffusion cells) was evaluated, either from saturated solutions or from commercially available topical formulations (all containing 3% caffeine). Data interpretation of the caffeine diffusion through human skin does not implicate transfer through pores despite caffeine being a relatively polar molecule. No correlation was found between transfer though the synthetic membranes (cellulose acetate impregnated with isopropyl myristate and silicone rubber soaked in isopropyl myristate) and that observed through skin. The synthetic membranes can be used for assessing product performance in quality assurance but will give little indication of its performance in vivo. The study investigated the percutaneous permeation of caffeine through human skin in order to obtain a mechanistic interpretation of its route of permeation. Synthetic membranes were also examined to determine if they could be used as models for human skin. Different commercial formulations investigated to determine the significance of enhancement strategies.
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Alegria A, Martins E, Dias M, Cunha A, Cardoso ML, Maire I. Glycogen storage disease type IV presenting as hydrops fetalis. J Inherit Metab Dis 1999; 22:330-2. [PMID: 10384399 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005568507267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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122
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Gomes C, Dias M, Falcao F, Oliveira C. Serologic profile of some sexually transmitted diseases in women with squamous intraepithelial lesions. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 1998; 19:135-7. [PMID: 9611052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study consisted of the evaluation of some sexually transmitted diseases in patients with cervical pathology, namely squamous intraepithelial lesions. METHODS a prospective study was performed. Patients with an abnormal cervical smear were submitted to colposcopy, directed biopsy and an immunologic assay for Chlamydia, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, Cytomegalovirus, Treponema pallidum, Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus I and II. The same parameters were evaluated in women with normal cervical cytology in a matched control group. A comparative study was performed evaluating some epidemiological parameters and the referred immunologic assays. RESULTS 118 patients were separated into four groups. Statistically significant differences were observed in the personal history of fungi infections, as well as Chlamydia and HSV 2 IgM. CONCLUSION immunologic assays may prove useful in identifying sexually-transmitted diseases, especially Chlamydia and HSV 2 infections, in Human Papillomavirus infected women.
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Durand B, Poje C, Dias M. Sinusitis-associated epidural abscess presenting as posterior scalp abscess--a case report. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1998; 43:147-51. [PMID: 9578124 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5876(97)00170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complications of paranasal sinusitis constitute true surgical and medical emergencies. These complications appear to be more prevalent and seem to present in a more fulminant manner in the pediatric age group. The most common complication of paranasal sinusitis is orbital cellulitis followed collectively by all the intracranial complications. These include meningitis, subdural empyema, intracerebral abscess, epidural abscess and rarely cavernous or superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. We report the case of a 7-year old boy who presented with posterior scalp cellulitis and abscess as a complication of minimally symptomatic paranasal sinusitis. A combined neurosurgical and otolaryngologic approach was required to treat a unilateral ethmoid and frontal sinusitis associated with an epidural abscess abutting the length of the superior sagittal sinus and a posterior subgaleal abscess. The pertinent anatomy allowing for the development of this disease process is discussed. The danger of neurologic sequellae resulting from thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus is emphasized. Aggressive treatment utilizing a multi-disciplinary surgical approach as well as broad spectrum antibiotics is paramount to obtain the best chance for a full recovery.
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Salgueiro JB, Ardenghi P, Dias M, Ferreira MB, Izquierdo I, Medina JH. Anxiolytic natural and synthetic flavonoid ligands of the central benzodiazepine receptor have no effect on memory tasks in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1997; 58:887-91. [PMID: 9408191 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The naturally occurring flavonoids, chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) and apigenin (5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone), and the synthetic compound, 6,3'-dinitroflavone have been recently reported to selectively bind with high affinity to the central benzodiazepine receptor, and to exert powerful anxiolytic and other benzodiazepine-like effects in rats. Their chemical analog, quercetin, shares none of these effects. In the present article we find that, in contrast to diazepam, chrysin, apigenin, and 6,3'-dinitroflavone have no amnestic effect on acquisition or retention of three different learning tasks (inhibitory avoidance, shuttle avoidance, and habituation to an open field), even when given at doses higher than those previously reported to be anxiolytic. Apigenin had a slight enhancing effect on training session performance and, when given posttraining, on test session retention, of crossing responses in the open field and hindered retention of inhibitory avoidance, and showed no anxiolytic action in an elevated plus maze. Unlike diazepam, none of these drugs had any analgesic effect in the tail-flick test. The data suggest that chrysin, apigenin, and 6,3'-dinitroflavoine, three flavonoids derivatives possessing anxioselective effects acting on central benzodiazepine receptors, may deserve clinical trials as anxiolytic agents.
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Arnould S, Berthon JL, Hubert C, Dias M, Cibert C, Mornet R, Camadro JM. Kinetics of protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibition by diphenyleneiodonium derivatives. Biochemistry 1997; 36:10178-84. [PMID: 9254615 DOI: 10.1021/bi970549j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the last enzyme of the common branch of the heme and chlorophyll pathways in plants, is the molecular target of diphenyl ether-type herbicides. These compounds inhibit the enzyme competitively with respect to the tetrapyrrole substrate, protoporphyrinogen IX. We used the flavinic nature of protoporphyrinogen oxidase to investigate the reactivity of the enzyme toward the 2,2'-diphenyleneiodonium cation, a known inhibitor of several flavoproteins. Diphenyleneiodonium inhibited the membrane-bound yeast protoporphyrinogen oxidase competitively with molecular oxygen. The typical slow-binding kinetics suggested that the enzyme with a reduced flavin rapidly combined with the inhibitor to form an initial complex which then slowly isomerized to a modified enzyme-inhibitor complex (Ki = 6.75 x 10(-8) M, Ki* = 4.1 x 10(-9) M). This inhibition was strongly pH-dependent and was maximal at pH 8. Substituted diphenyleneiodoniums were synthesized and shown to be even better inhibitors than 2,2'-diphenyleneiodonium: Ki = 4.4 x 10(-8) M and Ki* = 1.3 x 10(-9) M for 4-methyl-2,2'-diphenyleneiodonium, Ki = 2.2 x 10(-8) M and Ki * = 1.1 x 10(-9) M for 6-methyl-2,2'-diphenyleneiodonium, and Ki = 6.4 x 10(-9) M and Ki* = 1.2 x 10(-1)2 M for 4-nitro-2,2'-diphenyleneiodonium. The 4-nitro-2,2'-diphenyleneiodonium was a quasi irreversible inhibitor (k5/k6 > 5000). Diphenyleneiodoniums are a new class of protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors that act via a mechanism very different from that of diphenyl ether-type herbicides and appear to be promising tools for studies on the structure-function relationships of this agronomically important enzyme.
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