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Die Inhibition der Milztyrosinkinase induziert Bronchodilatation in der isolierten Mauslunge. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1548660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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The C-type lectin receptor Mincle binds to Streptococcus pneumoniae but plays a limited role in the anti-pneumococcal innate immune response. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117022. [PMID: 25658823 PMCID: PMC4319728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system employs C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) to recognize carbohydrate structures on pathogens and self-antigens. The Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a FcRγ-coupled CLR that was shown to bind to mycobacterial cord factor as well as certain fungal species. However, since CLR functions during bacterial infections have not yet been investigated thoroughly, we aimed to examine their function in Streptococcus pneumonia infection. Binding studies using a library of recombinantly expressed CLR-Fc fusion proteins indicated a specific, Ca2+-dependent, and serotype-specific binding of Mincle to S. pneumonia. Subsequent experiments with different Mincle-expressing cells as well as Mincle-deficient mice, however, revealed a limited role of this receptor in bacterial phagocytosis, neutrophil-mediated killing, cytokine production, and antibacterial immune response during pneumonia. Collectively, our results indicate that Mincle is able to recognize S. pneumonia but is not required for the anti-pneumococcal innate immune response.
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Pneumolysin-induzierter einseitiger Lungenschaden im Modell der langzeit-beatmeten Ratte. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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204
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Der Milztyrosinkinase-Inhibitor BAY 61 – 3606 ist ein effektiver Bronchodilatator in der isolierten Mauslunge. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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205
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Pulmonale septische Metastasen bei primärem Klebsiella pneumoniae induziertem Leberabszess – ein Fallbericht. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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206
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The C-type lectin receptor Mincle binds to Streptococcus pneumoniae but plays a limited role in the anti-pneumococcal innate immune response. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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207
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Zelluläre und subzelluläre Lokalisation von Angiopoietin-2 in der Lunge. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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208
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Miniaturized bronchoscopy enables unilateral investigation, application, and sampling in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 51:730-7. [PMID: 24960575 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0052ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases, including pneumonia and asthma, are among the most prevalent human disorders, and murine models have been established to investigate their pathobiology and develop novel treatment approaches. Whereas bronchoscopy is valuable for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in patients, no equivalent for small rodents has been established. Here, we introduce a miniaturized video-bronchoscopy system offering new opportunities in experimental lung research. With an outer diameter of 0.75 mm, it is possible to advance the optics into the main bronchi of mice. An irrigation channel allows bronchoalveolar lavage and unilateral application of substances to one lung. Even a unilateral infection is possible, enabling researchers to use the contralateral lung as internal control.
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Increasing the inspiratory time and I:E ratio during mechanical ventilation aggravates ventilator-induced lung injury in mice. Crit Care 2015; 19:23. [PMID: 25888164 PMCID: PMC4336519 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung-protective ventilation reduced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) mortality. To minimize ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), tidal volume is limited, high plateau pressures are avoided, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is applied. However, the impact of specific ventilatory patterns on VILI is not well defined. Increasing inspiratory time and thereby the inspiratory/expiratory ratio (I:E ratio) may improve oxygenation, but may also be harmful as the absolute stress and strain over time increase. We thus hypothesized that increasing inspiratory time and I:E ratio aggravates VILI. Methods VILI was induced in mice by high tidal-volume ventilation (HVT 34 ml/kg). Low tidal-volume ventilation (LVT 9 ml/kg) was used in control groups. PEEP was set to 2 cm H2O, FiO2 was 0.5 in all groups. HVT and LVT mice were ventilated with either I:E of 1:2 (LVT 1:2, HVT 1:2) or 1:1 (LVT 1:1, HVT 1:1) for 4 hours or until an alternative end point, defined as mean arterial blood pressure below 40 mm Hg. Dynamic hyperinflation due to the increased I:E ratio was excluded in a separate group of animals. Survival, lung compliance, oxygenation, pulmonary permeability, markers of pulmonary and systemic inflammation (leukocyte differentiation in lung and blood, analyses of pulmonary interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), and histopathologic pulmonary changes were analyzed. Results LVT 1:2 or LVT 1:1 did not result in VILI, and all individuals survived the ventilation period. HVT 1:2 decreased lung compliance, increased pulmonary neutrophils and cytokine expression, and evoked marked histologic signs of lung injury. All animals survived. HVT 1:1 caused further significant worsening of oxygenation, compliance and increased pulmonary proinflammatory cytokine expression, and pulmonary and blood neutrophils. In the HVT 1:1 group, significant mortality during mechanical ventilation was observed. Conclusion According to the “baby lung” concept, mechanical ventilation-associated stress and strain in overinflated regions of ARDS lungs was simulated by using high tidal-volume ventilation. Increase of inspiratory time and I:E ratio significantly aggravated VILI in mice, suggesting an impact of a “stress/strain × time product” for the pathogenesis of VILI. Thus increasing the inspiratory time and I:E ratio should be critically considered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0759-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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The Lung Endothelial Barrier in Acute Inflammation. THE VERTEBRATE BLOOD-GAS BARRIER IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2015. [PMCID: PMC7123850 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18392-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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211
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Moxifloxacin is not anti-inflammatory in experimental pneumococcal pneumonia. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 70:830-40. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vascular Receptor Autoantibodies in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Systemic Sclerosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:808-17. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201403-0442oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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213
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Murine CLCA5 is uniquely expressed in distinct niches of airway epithelial cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 143:277-87. [PMID: 25212661 PMCID: PMC4317516 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The murine mCLCA5 protein is a member of the chloride channel regulators, calcium-activated (CLCA) family and is suspected to play a role in airway mucus cell differentiation. Although mCLCA5 mRNA was previously found in total lung extracts, the expressing cells and functions in the naive murine respiratory tract are unknown. Therefore, mCLCA5 protein expression was identified by immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy using entire lung sections of naive mice. Moreover, we determined mRNA levels of functionally related genes (mClca3, mClca5, Muc5ac and Muc5b) and quantified mCLCA5-, mCLCA3- and CC10-positive cells and periodic acid-Schiff-positive mucus cells in naive, PBS-treated or Staphylococcus aureus-infected mice. We also investigated mCLCA5 protein expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus lung infection models. Finally, we determined species-specific differences in the expression patterns of the murine mCLCA5 and its human and porcine orthologs, hCLCA2 and pCLCA2. The mCLCA5 protein is uniquely expressed in highly select bronchial epithelial cells and submucosal glands in naive mice, consistent with anatomical locations of progenitor cell niches. Under conditions of challenge (PBS, S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, influenza virus), mRNA and protein expression strongly declined with protein recovery only in models retaining intact epithelial cells. In contrast to mice, human and porcine bronchial epithelial cells do not express their respective mCLCA5 orthologs and submucosal glands had fewer expressing cells, indicative of fundamental differences in mice versus humans and pigs.
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Juvenile megaesophagus in PKCα-deficient mice is associated with an increase in the segment of the distal esophagus lined by smooth muscle cells. Ann Anat 2014; 196:365-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Endothelial progenitor cells for acute respiratory distress syndrome treatment: support your local sheriff! Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189:1452-5. [PMID: 24930525 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201405-0827ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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216
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Nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 ligation suppressed murine allergen-specific T-cell proliferation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:903-11. [PMID: 24279792 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0333oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors NOD1 and NOD2 are important contributors to the intracellular recognition of pathogens including Chlamydophila pneumoniae, but little is known about their influence on allergen-induced airway inflammation. In BALB/c mice, we observed that infection with C. pneumoniae before systemic sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA) and local OVA airway exposure diminished airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Thus, the impact of the NOD1 agonist FK156 and the NOD2 agonist muramyl dipeptide given 6 hours before each sensitization or airway challenge was evaluated regarding AHR, OVA-specific plasma immunoglobulins, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid differentials, and cytokines. Spleen dendritic cells of FK156-treated mice were isolated and cocultured with OVA-specific T cells isolated from DO11.10 mice, and T-cell proliferation was quantified after OVA restimulation. T-cell proliferation was investigated in vivo in lungs and lymph nodes of FK156-treated and OVA-exposed DO11.10 mice. FK156, but not muramyl dipeptide, reduced AHR and pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration if given before OVA sensitization or challenge, whereas T-helper (Th)2 cytokines were not diminished. Dendritic cells from FK156-treated mice evoked less OVA-specific T-cell proliferation as compared with solvent-treated controls. Similarly, antigen-specific T-cell activation in lung tissue was diminished after FK156 treatment. We conclude that NOD1 activation reduced AHR in allergen-induced lung inflammation, which was accompanied by a reduction of allergen-specific T-cell proliferation.
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Abstract
Surfactant protein A has been shown to enhance opsonization and clearance of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Here, the phagocytosis of alveolar S. aureus was investigated in vivo using intravital microscopy. Fluorescence labelled S. aureus Newman cells were intratracheally administered to anesthetized mice and the alveolar surface was observed for fifteen minutes. Confirming previously reported in vitro data, surfactant protein A-deficient mice showed a significantly reduced uptake of bacteria compared to wild-type mice.
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mCLCA3 modulates IL-17 and CXCL-1 induction and leukocyte recruitment in murine Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102606. [PMID: 25033194 PMCID: PMC4102496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human hCLCA1 and its murine ortholog mCLCA3 (calcium-activated chloride channel regulators) are exclusively expressed in mucus cells and linked to inflammatory airway diseases with increased mucus production, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both proteins have a known impact on the mucus cell metaplasia trait in these diseases. However, growing evidence points towards an additional role in innate immune responses. In the current study, we analyzed Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, an established model to study pulmonary innate immunity, in mCLCA3-deficient and wild-type mice, focusing on the cellular and cytokine-driven innate inflammatory response. We compared clinical signs, bacterial clearance, leukocyte immigration and cytokine responses in the bronchoalveolar compartment, as well as pulmonary vascular permeability, histopathology, mucus cell number and mRNA expression levels of selected genes (mClca1 to 7, Muc5ac, Muc5b, Muc2, Cxcl-1, Cxcl-2, Il-17). Deficiency of mCLCA3 resulted in decreased neutrophilic infiltration into the bronchoalveolar space during bacterial infection. Only the cytokines IL-17 and the murine CXCL-8 homolog CXCL-1 were decreased on mRNA and protein levels during bacterial infection in mCLCA3-deficient mice compared to wild-type controls. However, no differences in clinical outcome, histopathology or mucus cell metaplasia were observed. We did not find evidence for regulation of any other CLCA homolog that would putatively compensate for the lack of mCLCA3. In conclusion, mCLCA3 appears to modulate leukocyte response via IL-17 and murine CXCL-8 homologs in acute Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia which is well in line with the proposed function of hCLCA1 as a signaling molecule acting on alveolar macrophages.
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25-hydroxvitamin D3 promotes the long-term effect of specific immunotherapy in a murine allergy model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1017-23. [PMID: 24951815 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcitriol (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) is the active vitamin D metabolite and mediates immunological functions, which are relevant in allergy. Its therapeutic use is limited by hypercalcaemic toxicity. We have previously shown that the activation of the vitamin D receptor inhibits IgE production and that B cells can synthesize calcitriol from its precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (inactive precursor) [25(OH)D] upon antigenic stimulation. In this study, we address the impact of 25(OH)D on the development of type I sensitization and determine its role in allergen-specific immunotherapy. BALB/c mice were sensitized to OVA, under 25(OH)D-deficient or sufficient conditions. The humoral immune response over time was measured by ELISA. OVA-specific immunotherapy was established and studied in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation using lung histology, pulmonary cytokine expression analysis, and functional parameters in isolated and perfused mouse lungs. In 25(OH)D-deficient mice, OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 serum concentrations were increased compared with control mice. OVA-specific immunotherapy reduced the humoral immune reaction after OVA recall dose-dependently. Coadministration of 25(OH)D in the context of OVA-specific immunotherapy reduced the allergic airway inflammation and responsiveness upon OVA challenge. These findings were paralleled by reduced Th2 cytokine expression in the lungs. In conclusion, 25(OH)D deficiency promotes the development of type I sensitization and correction of its serum concentrations enhances the benefit of specific immunotherapy.
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 (S1P4) deficiency does not alter Th2-induced pulmonary vascular hyperresponsiveness. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1376382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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221
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Immunomodulation by fish-oil containing lipid emulsions in murine acute respiratory distress syndrome. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:R85. [PMID: 24780004 PMCID: PMC4229805 DOI: 10.1186/cc13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major cause of mortality in intensive care units. Patients with ARDS often require parenteral nutrition with lipid emulsions as essential components. Besides being an energy supply, these lipid emulsions might display differential modulatory effects on lung integrity and inflammation. METHODS In a pre-emptive strategy, we investigated the impact of three different intravenously infused lipid emulsions on lung morphology, leukocyte invasion, protein leakage and cytokines in a murine model of ARDS. Mice received an infusion of normal saline solution, a pure long-chain triglycerides (LCT) emulsion, a medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) containing mixed emulsion (LCT/MCT), or a fish oil (FO) containing mixed emulsion (LCT/MCT/FO) before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. RESULTS Mice pre-infused with fish oil-containing lipid emulsion showed decreased leukocyte invasion, protein leakage, myeloperoxidase activity, and cytokine production in their alveolar space after LPS challenge compared to mice receiving LCT or LCT/MCT. In line with these findings, lung morphology assessed by histological staining after LPS-induced lung injury improved faster in the LCT/MCT/FO group. Concerning the above mentioned parameters, no significant difference was observed between mice infused with LCT or the combination of LCT and MCT. CONCLUSION Fish oil-containing lipid emulsions might exert anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects in the murine model of acute lung injury. Partial replacement of n-6 fatty acids with n-3 fatty acids may thus be of benefit for critically ill patients at risk for ARDS which require parenteral nutrition.
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Mechanical ventilation drives pneumococcal pneumonia into lung injury and sepsis in mice: protection by adrenomedullin. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:R73. [PMID: 24731244 PMCID: PMC4056010 DOI: 10.1186/cc13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) contributes to morbidity and mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Particularly pre-injured lungs are susceptible to VILI despite protective ventilation. In a previous study, the endogenous peptide adrenomedullin (AM) protected murine lungs from VILI. We hypothesized that mechanical ventilation (MV) contributes to lung injury and sepsis in pneumonia, and that AM may reduce lung injury and multiple organ failure in ventilated mice with pneumococcal pneumonia. Methods We analyzed in mice the impact of MV in established pneumonia on lung injury, inflammation, bacterial burden, hemodynamics and extrapulmonary organ injury, and assessed the therapeutic potential of AM by starting treatment at intubation. Results In pneumococcal pneumonia, MV increased lung permeability, and worsened lung mechanics and oxygenation failure. MV dramatically increased lung and blood cytokines but not lung leukocyte counts in pneumonia. MV induced systemic leukocytopenia and liver, gut and kidney injury in mice with pneumonia. Lung and blood bacterial burden was not affected by MV pneumonia and MV increased lung AM expression, whereas receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP) 1–3 expression was increased in pneumonia and reduced by MV. Infusion of AM protected against MV-induced lung injury (66% reduction of pulmonary permeability p < 0.01; prevention of pulmonary restriction) and against VILI-induced liver and gut injury in pneumonia (91% reduction of AST levels p < 0.05, 96% reduction of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) levels p < 0.05, abrogation of histopathological changes and parenchymal apoptosis in liver and gut). Conclusions MV paved the way for the progression of pneumonia towards ARDS and sepsis by aggravating lung injury and systemic hyperinflammation leading to liver, kidney and gut injury. AM may be a promising therapeutic option to protect against development of lung injury, sepsis and extrapulmonary organ injury in mechanically ventilated individuals with severe pneumonia.
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Structural and functional prevention of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by individualized exercise training in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L986-95. [PMID: 24705723 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00275.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease with a poor prognosis characterized by a vascular remodeling process and an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. While a variety of reports demonstrated that exercise training exerts beneficial effects on exercise performance and quality of life in PH patients, it is not known how physical exercise affects vascular remodeling processes occurring in hypoxia-induced PH. Therefore, we investigated the effect of individualized exercise training on the development of hypoxia-induced PH in mice. Training effects were compared with pharmacological treatment with the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor Sildenafil or a combination of training plus Sildenafil. Trained mice who received Sildenafil showed a significantly improved walking distance (from 88.9 ± 8.1 to 146.4 ± 13.1 m) and maximum oxygen consumption (from 93.3 ± 2.9 to 105.5 ± 2.2% in combination with Sildenafil, to 102.2 ± 3.0% with placebo) compared with sedentary controls. Right ventricular systolic pressure, measured by telemetry, was at the level of healthy normoxic animals, whereas right heart hypertrophy did not benefit from training. Most interestingly, the increase in small pulmonary vessel muscularization was prevented by training. Respective counterregulatory processes were detected for the nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-phosphodiesterase system. We conclude that individualized daily exercise can prevent vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced PH.
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Expression und Regulation von Pentraxin 3 bei ambulant erworbener Pneumonie. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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225
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Increasing the inspiratory time and I:E ratio during mechanical ventilation aggravates Ventilator-induced lung injury in mice. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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226
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Neutralizing the complement component C5a protects against lung injury and extrapulmonary organ injury in pneumococcal pneumonia induced sepsis. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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227
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Additive Gabe von 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 erhöht die protektiven Langzeiteffekte der spezifischen Immuntherapie bei allergischer Atemwegsinflammation. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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228
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Eine synthetische S. pneumoniae Oligosaccharid-Konjugatvakzine schützt Mäuse vor Pneumonie. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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229
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Eine synthetische S. pneumoniae Oligosaccharid-Konjugatvakzine schützt Mäuse vor Pneumonie. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1363136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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230
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25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 erhöht die protektiven Langzeiteffekte der spezifischen Immuntherapie bei allergischer Atemwegsinflammation. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1363100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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231
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Increasing the inspiratory time and I:E ratio during mechanical ventilation aggravates Ventilator-induced lung injury in mice. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1363127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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232
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Neutralizing the complement component C5a protects against lung injury and extrapulmonary organ injury in pneumococcal pneumonia induced sepsis. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1363128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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233
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Miniaturbronchoskopie – Etablierung und Anwendungen in der Mauslunge. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1363121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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234
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The innate immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae in the lung is influenced by immunoproteasomes. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1363125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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235
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Autoantibodies to angiotensin and endothelin receptors in systemic sclerosis induce cellular and systemic events associated with disease pathogenesis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R29. [PMID: 24472528 PMCID: PMC3978438 DOI: 10.1186/ar4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vasculopathy, inflammatory fibrosis and functional autoantibodies (Abs) are major manifestations of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Abs directed against the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT₁R) and endothelin-1 type A receptor (ETAR) are associated with characteristic disease features including vascular, inflammatory, and fibrotic complications indicating their role in SSc pathogenesis. Therefore, the impact of anti-AT₁R and anti-ETAR Abs on initiation of inflammation and fibrosis was analyzed. METHODS Anti-AT₁R and anti-ETAR Ab-positive immunoglobulin G (IgG) from SSc patients (SSc-IgG) was used for experiments. Healthy donor IgG served as a normal control, and AT₁R and ETAR activation was inhibited by antagonists. Protein expression was measured with ELISA, mRNA expression with real time-PCR, endothelial repair with a scratch assay, and collagen expression with immunocytochemistry. Transendothelial neutrophil migration was measured with a culture insert system, and neutrophil ROS activation with immunofluorescence. Neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) were analyzed microscopically after passive transfer of SSc-IgG or NC-IgG into naïve C57BL/6J mice. KC plasma levels were quantified by a suspension array system. Histologic analyses were performed by using light microscopy. RESULTS Anti-AT₁R and anti-ETAR Ab-positive SSc-IgG induced activation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Elevated protein and mRNA levels of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8, CXCL8) and elevated mRNA levels of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were induced in HMEC-1. Furthermore, activation of HMEC-1 with SSc-IgG increased neutrophil migration through an endothelial cell layer and activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). SSc-IgG decreased HMEC-1 wound repair and induced type I collagen production in healthy donor skin fibroblasts. Effects of migration, wound repair, and collagen expression were dependent on the Ab-levels. Passive transfer of anti-AT1R and anti-ETAR Ab-positive SSc-IgG into naïve C57BL/6J mice increased neutrophil BALF counts. In parallel, increased levels of the murine functional IL-8 homologue, chemokine KC, were found in the plasma of SSc-IgG-treated mice as well as structural alterations of the lungs. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that angiotensin and endothelin-receptor activation via anti-AT₁R and anti-ETAR Abs mediate pathogenic effects, indicating their contribution to pathogenesis of SSc. Therefore, anti-AT₁R and anti-ETAR Abs could provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of SSc.
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NF-κB2/p100 deficiency impairs immune responses to T-cell-independent type 2 antigens. Eur J Immunol 2013; 44:662-72. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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237
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Classical Transient Receptor Potential Channel 1 in Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:1451-9. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201307-1252oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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238
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Effects of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 overexpression on the response of the pulmonary vasculature to hypoxia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:491-500. [PMID: 23642043 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0330oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and sustained hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), as well as chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH), is modulated by nitric oxide (NO). NO synthesis can be decreased by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which is degraded by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1). We investigated the effects of DDAH1 overexpression (DDAH1(tg)) on HPV and chronic hypoxia-induced PH. HPV was measured during acute (10 min) and sustained (3 h) hypoxia in isolated mouse lungs. Chronic PH was induced by the exposure of mice to 4 weeks of hypoxia. ADMA and cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were determined by ELISA, and NO generation was determined by chemiluminescence. DDAH1 overexpression exerted no effects on acute HPV. However, DDAH1(tg) mice showed decreased sustained HPV compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Concomitantly, ADMA was decreased, and concentrations of NO and cGMP were significantly increased in DDAH1(tg). The administration of either Nω-nitro-l-arginine or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo [4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one potentiated sustained HPV and partly abolished the differences in sustained HPV between WT and DDAH1(tg) mice. The overexpression of DDAH1 exerted no effect on the development of chronic hypoxia-induced PH. DDAH1 overexpression selectively decreased the sustained phase of HPV, partly via activation of the NO-cGMP pathway. Thus, increased ADMA concentrations modulate sustained HPV, but not acute HPV or chronic hypoxia-induced PH.
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Altersabhängige Effekte der Überexpression von prepro-Endothelin-1 auf das pulmonalvaskuläre und respiratorische System. Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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240
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Delivery of the endolysin Cpl-1 by inhalation rescues mice with fatal pneumococcal pneumonia. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2111-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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241
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Krueppel-like Factor 4 terminates Streptococcus pneumonia-dependent IL-8 release and induces IL-10 expression in human Lung Epithelial Cells. Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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242
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Altersabhängige Effekte der Überexpression von prepro-Endothelin-1 auf das pulmonalvaskuläre und respiratorische System. Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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243
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Untersuchung des immunmodulatorischen Potentials von Moxifloxacin in der Pneumokokkenpneumonie. Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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244
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Rolle des Endothelin-B-Rezeptors bei TH2-induzierter pulmonalvaskulärer Hyperreagibilität. Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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245
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Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction requires connexin 40-mediated endothelial signal conduction. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:4218-30. [PMID: 23093775 PMCID: PMC3484430 DOI: 10.1172/jci59176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a physiological mechanism by which pulmonary arteries constrict in hypoxic lung areas in order to redirect blood flow to areas with greater oxygen supply. Both oxygen sensing and the contractile response are thought to be intrinsic to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Here we speculated that the ideal site for oxygen sensing might instead be at the alveolocapillary level, with subsequent retrograde propagation to upstream arterioles via connexin 40 (Cx40) endothelial gap junctions. HPV was largely attenuated by Cx40-specific and nonspecific gap junction uncouplers in the lungs of wild-type mice and in lungs from mice lacking Cx40 (Cx40-/-). In vivo, hypoxemia was more severe in Cx40-/- mice than in wild-type mice. Real-time fluorescence imaging revealed that hypoxia caused endothelial membrane depolarization in alveolar capillaries that propagated to upstream arterioles in wild-type, but not Cx40-/-, mice. Transformation of endothelial depolarization into vasoconstriction involved endothelial voltage-dependent α1G subtype Ca2+ channels, cytosolic phospholipase A2, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Based on these data, we propose that HPV originates at the alveolocapillary level, from which the hypoxic signal is propagated as endothelial membrane depolarization to upstream arterioles in a Cx40-dependent manner.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Connexins/genetics
- Connexins/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia/pathology
- Hypoxia/physiopathology
- Lung/blood supply
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phospholipases A2, Cytosolic/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Signal Transduction
- Vasoconstriction
- Gap Junction alpha-5 Protein
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Die Bedeutung der Interaktion von epithelial exprimierten Adhesionsmolekülen mit Moraxella catarrhalis für die bakterielle Kolonisierung und Infektion der Lunge im Mausmodell. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1313584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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247
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Die Rolle des Angiopoietin-/Tie2-Systems bei Pneumonie. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1313583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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248
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Die Bedeutung der Sphingosinkinase-1 und des Sphingosin-1-Phosphats für die Entstehung des akuten Lungenversagens bei Pneumokokken-Pneumonie. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1313585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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TLR9- and Src-dependent expression of Krueppel-like factor 4 controls interleukin-10 expression in pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2012; 41:384-91. [PMID: 22653776 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00196311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The release of potent pro-inflammatory mediators is crucial to mounting an efficient host response during infection. However, excessive inflammation may lead to deleterious tissue damage. This is highlighted in severe pneumococcal pneumonia, in which the delicate balance between a robust inflammatory response necessary to kill pneumococci and the loss of organ function determines the outcome of the disease. We assessed the regulation of the potent anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 in pneumococcal infection via Western blot, ELISA and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Streptococcus pneumoniae induced IL-10 expression in mouse lungs and human lung epithelial cells. Pneumococcal infection resulted in a strong induction of Krueppel-like factor (KLF)4 expression in vivo and in vitro. The induction of both IL-10 and KLF4 is mediated by a pathway involving bacterial DNA, Toll-like receptor (TLR)9, MyD88 and Src kinase. KLF4 is recruited to the il10 promoter, and small-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of KLF4 expression blocked IL-10 expression during pneumococcal infection. In conclusion, KLF4 is induced in a bacterial DNA-TLR9-Src-dependent manner and regulates IL-10 expression, linking the detection of bacterial DNA by TLR9 to the control of an inflammatory response.
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Intermedin stabilized endothelial barrier function and attenuated ventilator-induced lung injury in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35832. [PMID: 22563471 PMCID: PMC3341380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even protective ventilation may aggravate or induce lung failure, particularly in preinjured lungs. Thus, new adjuvant pharmacologic strategies are needed to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Intermedin/Adrenomedullin-2 (IMD) stabilized pulmonary endothelial barrier function in vitro. We hypothesized that IMD may attenuate VILI-associated lung permeability in vivo. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HPMVEC) monolayers were incubated with IMD, and transcellular electrical resistance was measured to quantify endothelial barrier function. Expression and localization of endogenous pulmonary IMD, and its receptor complexes composed of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) 1-3 were analyzed by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence in non ventilated mouse lungs and in lungs ventilated for 6 h. In untreated and IMD treated mice, lung permeability, pulmonary leukocyte recruitment and cytokine levels were assessed after mechanical ventilation. Further, the impact of IMD on pulmonary vasoconstriction was investigated in precision cut lung slices (PCLS) and in isolated perfused and ventilated mouse lungs. IMD stabilized endothelial barrier function in HPMVECs. Mechanical ventilation reduced the expression of RAMP3, but not of IMD, CRLR, and RAMP1 and 2. Mechanical ventilation induced lung hyperpermeability, which was ameliorated by IMD treatment. Oxygenation was not improved by IMD, which may be attributed to impaired hypoxic vasoconstriction due to IMD treatment. IMD had minor impact on pulmonary leukocyte recruitment and did not reduce cytokine levels in VILI. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE IMD may possibly provide a new approach to attenuate VILI.
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