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Garden A, Chen A, Curran W, Harari P, Murphy B, Wong S, Schwartz M, Dawson D, Dempsey C, Ang K. Longitudinal Oncology Registry of Head and Neck Carcinoma (LORHAN): Preliminary Report Regarding Radiation Patterns of Care. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lindquist SG, Hasholt L, Bahl JMC, Heegaard NHH, Andersen BB, Nørremølle A, Stokholm J, Schwartz M, Batbayli M, Laursen H, Pardossi-Piquard R, Chen F, St George-Hyslop P, Waldemar G, Nielsen JE. A novel presenilin 2 mutation (V393M) in early-onset dementia with profound language impairment. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:1135-9. [PMID: 18727676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the Presenilin 2 gene (PSEN2) are rare causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathogenic mutations in the genes associated with autosomal dominant inherited AD have been shown to alter processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) resulting in a relative increase of the amount of Abeta42 peptide. METHODS AND RESULTS We present a patient with neuropathologically confirmed early-onset AD characterized by profound language impairment. The patient was heterozygous for a novel missense mutation in exon 11 of the PSEN2 gene leading to a predicted amino acid substitution from valine to methionine in position 393, a conserved residue. However, in vitro expression of PSEN2 V393M cDNA did not result in detectable increase of the secreted Abeta42/40 peptide ratio. The mutation was not found in 384 control individuals tested. CONCLUSIONS The possible pathogenic nature of the mutation is not clarified. We discuss the limitations of functional PSEN2 studies and the challenges associated with genetic counselling of family members at risk.
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Schwartz M, Moore PF, Tipold A. Disproportionally strong increase of B cells in inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with Steroid-responsive Meningitis-Arteritis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 125:274-83. [PMID: 18619679 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-responsive Meningitis-Arteritis (SRMA) is a systemic inflammatory disease of juvenile to young adult dogs with a relapsing course and most prominent manifestation in the cervical meninges. Immunophenotyping and flow cytometric measurement of lymphocytes in peripheral blood (PB) and CSF was performed in the acute phase of SRMA (n=12) and during glucocorticosteroid treatment (n=10). Values were compared to those from dogs with other neurologic diseases (n=63) and healthy individuals (n=7). Dogs with SRMA had high CD4:CD8alpha ratios in PB and low T:B cell ratios in PB and CSF suggesting that a T(H)2-mediated immune response occurs. The T:B cell ratio in CSF was markedly lower than that in PB indicating that either a selective recruitment of B cells or, alternatively, their strong intrathecal proliferation takes place. SRMA appears to be a valuable animal model for the investigation of compartmentalization of immune responses and for studies on differences in local central nervous system and systemic immune responses.
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Azad A, Rauh R, Korbmacher J, Stanke F, Nuytten H, Tümmler B, De Boeck K, Dupont L, Fichou Y, Ferec C, Girodon E, Lebecque P, Skalicka V, des Georges M, Claustres M, Hjelte L, de Monestrol I, Stuhrmann M, Schwartz M, Pressler T, Castellani C, Schwarz M, Cassiman J, Korbmacher C, Cuppens H. ENaC mutations in patients with CF-like disease. J Cyst Fibros 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(08)60003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nuytten H, De Boeck C, Van Eldere J, Macek M, Stuhrmann M, Schwartz M, Castellani C, Schwarz M, Cuppens H. The β-defensin region affects CF lung disease severity. J Cyst Fibros 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(08)60004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Curran WJ, Chen A, Garden A, Harari P, Murphy BA, Wong SJ, Bellm L, Schwartz M, Dawson D, Ang K. Longitudinal oncology registry of head and neck carcinoma (LORHAN): Initial treatment findings. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.6054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lindquist SG, Holm IE, Schwartz M, Law I, Stokholm J, Batbayli M, Waldemar G, Nielsen JE. Alzheimer disease-like clinical phenotype in a family with FTDP-17 caused by a MAPT R406W mutation. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:377-85. [PMID: 18284428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report clinical, molecular, neuroimaging and neuropathological features of a Danish family with autosomal dominant inherited dementia, a clinical phenotype resembling Alzheimer's disease and a pathogenic mutation (R406W) in the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene. Pre-symptomatic and affected family members underwent multidisciplinary (clinical, molecular, neuroimaging and neuropathological) examinations. Treatment with memantine in a family member with early symptoms, based on the clinical phenotype and the lack of specific treatment, appears to stabilize the disease course and increase the glucose metabolism in cortical and subcortical areas, as determined by serial [F(18)]FDG-PET scanning before and after initiation of treatment. Neuropathological examination of a second affected and mutation-positive family member showed moderate atrophy of the temporal lobes including the hippocampi. Microscopy revealed abundant numbers of tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles in all cortical areas and in some brainstem nuclei corresponding to a diagnosis of frontotemporal lobe degeneration on the basis of a MAPT mutation. The clinical and genetic heterogeneity of autosomal dominant inherited dementia must be taken into account in the genetic counselling and genetic testing of families with autosomal dominantly inherited dementia in general.
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Wijnhoven TJM, van den Hoven MJW, Ding H, van Kuppevelt TH, van der Vlag J, Berden JHM, Prinz RA, Lewis EJ, Schwartz M, Xu X. Heparanase induces a differential loss of heparan sulphate domains in overt diabetic nephropathy. Diabetologia 2008; 51:372-82. [PMID: 18058084 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recent studies suggest that loss of heparan sulphate in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) of the kidney with diabetic nephropathy is due to the increased production of heparanase, a heparan sulphate-degrading endoglycosidase. Our present study addresses whether heparan sulphate with different modifications is differentially reduced in the GBM and whether heparanase selectively cleaves heparan sulphate with different domain specificities. METHODS The heparan sulphate content of renal biopsies (14 diabetic nephropathy, five normal) were analysed by immunofluorescence staining with four anti-heparan sulphate antibodies: JM403, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognising N-unsubstituted glucosamine residues; two phage display-derived single chain antibodies HS4C3 and EW3D10, defining sulphated heparan sulphate domains; and anti-K5 antibody, an mAb recognising unmodified heparan sulphate domains. RESULTS We found that modified heparan sulphate domains (JM403, HS4C3 and EW3D10), but not unmodified domains (anti-K5) and agrin core protein were reduced in the GBM of kidneys from patients with diabetic nephropathy, compared with controls. Glomerular heparanase levels were increased in diabetic nephropathy kidneys and inversely correlated with the amounts of modified heparan sulphate domains. Increased heparanase production and loss of JM403 staining in the GBM correlated with the severity of proteinuria. Loss of modified heparan sulphate in the GBM as a result of degradation by heparanase was confirmed by heparan sulphate staining of heparanase-treated normal kidney biopsy specimens. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that loss of modified heparan sulphate in the GBM is mediated by an increased heparanase presence and may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced proteinuria.
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Lund A, Joensen F, Christensen E, Dunø M, Skovby F, Schwartz M. A novel arginine-to-cysteine substitution in the triple helical region of the alpha1(I) collagen chain in a family with an osteogenesis imperfecta/Ehlers-Danlos phenotype. Clin Genet 2007; 73:97-101. [PMID: 18028452 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang S, Hu W, Schwartz M. Raman bandshape of the degenerate ν4 vibration and parallel rotational diffusion in CD3I. Mol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978900102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kohlhammer Y, Schnoor M, Schwartz M, Raspe H, Schäfer T. Determinants of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in elderly people: a systematic review. Public Health 2007; 121:742-51. [PMID: 17572457 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite strong national and international recommendations on immunization practices, rates for influenza (IV) and pneumococcal vaccinations (PV) are low. We aimed to review international immunization rates and to analyze attitudes and beliefs regarding IV and PV. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHOD The MEDLINE database search comprised articles from 1966 to October 2005. Fourteen surveys evaluating a total number of 49292 participants in nine different countries were included into the analysis. RESULTS Vaccination rates among risk groups do vary significantly between different countries, reaching highest rates in the USA (IV, 82%; PV, 71%) and lowest in former West-Germany for IV (37%) and in Israel for PV (20%). Recommendations by doctors play a central role in promoting IV and PV. The main reason for not being vaccinated was lack of information. CONCLUSION Specific strategies targeted at groups are needed to increase the knowledge of IV and PV, and thereby decrease incidences of acute lung diseases.
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Preisler N, Cathrine Orngreen M, Andersen G, Dysgaard Jeppesen T, Colding-Jorgensen E, Clausen T, Schwartz M, Duno M, Vissing J. G.P.14.06 There is no correlation between muscle strength and myotonia in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Neuromuscul Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.06.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Feng L, Harwood RS, Brugge R, O'Neill A, Froidevaux L, Schwartz M, Waters JW. Equatorial Kelvin waves as revealed by EOS Microwave Limb Sounder observations and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyses: Evidence for slow Kelvin waves of zonal wave number 3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is the treatment of choice for many patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but long waiting time due to the shortage of donor organs can result in tumor progression and drop-out from LT candidacy. Furthermore, even in candidates meeting the restrictive Milan criteria there is risk of HCC recurrence; this risk rises significantly when patients with more advanced HCC are included. In an effort to address these issues, treatment of HCC in patients awaiting LT has become widespread practice. In this review the various modalities employed in the pre-LT setting are presented, and the evidence for benefit with regard to (1) improvement of post-LT survival, (2) down-staging of advanced HCC to within Milan criteria and (3) preventing waiting list drop-out is considered. Chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation and ethanol injection all have well-documented antitumor activity; however, there is no high level evidence that waiting list HCC treatment with these modalities is effective in achieving any of the three above-mentioned aims. Nevertheless, particularly in the United States, where continued waiting list priority depends on maintaining HCC within Milan criteria, use of nonsurgical HCC treatment will likely continue in an effort to forestall tumor progression and waiting list drop-out.
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Duno M, Skovby F, Schwartz M. Leukocyte cDNA analysis of NSD1 derived from confirmed Sotos syndrome patients. Ann Hum Genet 2007; 71:713-8. [PMID: 17561922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene leads to Sotos syndrome (Sos), which is characterised by excessive growth, especially during childhood, distinct craniofacial features and variable degree of mental impairment. A wide spectrum of NSD1 mutations have been described in Sos patients, ranging from more than 100 different single nucleotide changes, to partial gene deletions, and to microdeletions of various sizes comprising the entire NSD1 locus. OBJECTIVE To investigate the NSD1 cDNA sequence in genetically confirmed Sos patients harbouring truncating and missense mutations. METHOD Total RNA was isolated from a 250 mul standard EDTA blood sample from nine genetically verified Sos patients, and subsequent reverse-transcribed into cDNA followed by PCR and direct sequencing of specific NSD1 cDNA sequences. RESULTS All nine mutations, including missense, nonsense and whole exon deletions, previously identified in genomic DNA, could confidently be detected in cDNA. Several NSD1 transcript splice variants were detected. CONCLUSION Despite the fact that Sos is caused by haploinsufficiency, NSD1 transcripts containing nonsense and frame shift mutations can be detected in leukocyte-derived cDNA. The possibility therefore exists that certain NSD1 mutations are expressed and contribute to the phenotypic variability of Sos. NSD1 cDNA analysis is likely to enhance mutation detection in Sos patients.
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Lund AM, Joensen F, Hougaard DM, Jensen LK, Christensen E, Christensen M, Nørgaard-Petersen B, Schwartz M, Skovby F. Carnitine transporter and holocarboxylase synthetase deficiencies in The Faroe Islands. J Inherit Metab Dis 2007; 30:341-9. [PMID: 17417720 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-007-0527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine transporter deficiency (CTD) and holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency (HLCSD) are frequent in The Faroe Islands compared to other areas, and treatment is available for both disorders. In order to evaluate the feasibility of neonatal screening in The Faroe Islands we studied detection in the neonatal period by tandem mass spectrometry, carrier frequencies, clinical manifestations, and effect of treatment of CTD and HLCSD. We found 11 patients with CTD from five families and 8 patients with HLCSD from five families. The natural history of both disorders varied extensively among patients, ranging from patients who presumably had died from their disease to asymptomatic individuals. All symptomatic patients responded favourably to supplementation with L: -carnitine (in case of CTD) or biotin (in case of HLCSD), but only if treated early. Estimates of carrier frequency of about 1:20 for both disorders indicate that some enzyme-deficient individuals remain undiagnosed. Prospective and retrospective tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses of carnitines from neonatally obtained filter-paper dried blood-spot samples (DBSS) uncovered 8 of 10 individuals with CTD when using both C(0) and C(2) as markers (current algorithm) and 10 of 10 when using only C(0) as marker. MS/MS analysis uncovered 5 of 6 patient with HLCSD. This is the first study to report successful neonatal MS/MS analysis for the diagnosis of HLCSD. We conclude that CTD and HLCSD are relatively frequent in The Faroe Islands and are associated with variable clinical manifestations, and that diagnosis by neonatal screening followed by early therapy will secure a good outcome.
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Sperling L, Kiil C, Larsen LU, Brocks V, Wojdemann KR, Qvist I, Schwartz M, Jørgensen C, Espersen G, Skajaa K, Bang J, Tabor A. Detection of chromosomal abnormalities, congenital abnormalities and transfusion syndrome in twins. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2007; 29:517-26. [PMID: 17429797 DOI: 10.1002/uog.3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcome of screening for structural malformations in twins and the outcome of screening for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) among monochorionic twins through a number of ultrasound scans from 12 weeks' gestation. METHODS Enrolled into this prospective multicenter observational study were women with twin pregnancies diagnosed before 14 + 6 gestational weeks. The monochorionic pregnancies were scanned every second week until 23 weeks in order to rule out early TTTS. All pregnancies had an anomaly scan in week 19 and fetal echocardiography in week 21 that was performed by specialists in fetal echocardiography. Zygosity was determined by DNA analysis in all twin pairs with the same sex. RESULTS Among the 495 pregnancies the prenatal detection rate for severe structural abnormalities including chromosomal aneuploidies was 83% by the combination of a first-trimester nuchal translucency scan and the anomaly scan in week 19. The incidence of severe structural abnormalities was 2.6% and two-thirds of these anomalies were cardiac. There was no significant difference between the incidence in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, nor between twins conceived naturally or those conceived by assisted reproduction. The incidence of TTTS was 23% from 12 weeks until delivery, and all those monochorionic twin pregnancies that miscarried had signs of TTTS. CONCLUSION Twin pregnancies have an increased risk of congenital malformations and one out of four monochorionic pregnancies develops TTTS. Ultrasound screening to assess chorionicity and follow-up of monochorionic pregnancies to detect signs of TTTS, as well as malformation screening, are therefore essential in the antenatal care of twin pregnancies.
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Bester AC, Schwartz M, Schmidt M, Garrigue A, Hacein-Bey-Abina S, Cavazzana-Calvo M, Ben-Porat N, Kalle CV, Fischer A, Kerem B. Erratum: Fragile sites are preferential targets for integrations of MLV vectors in gene therapy. Gene Ther 2007. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Higgins PDR, Leung J, Schwartz M, Mapili J, Wren PA, Zimmermann EM. The quantitative validation of non-endoscopic disease activity indices in ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25:333-42. [PMID: 17269991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis disease activity indices have not been formally validated. AIM To analise quantitatively the psychometric and performance validity of two non-endoscopic indices for ulcerative colitis, the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index and the Seo Index. METHODS In 66 patients with ulcerative colitis, the measurement of disease activity was repeated with the two non-endoscopic indices, St Mark's Index, and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire. Psychometric validity was evaluated by measuring the content, construct, criterion-convergent and criterion-predictive validity on a 0-1 scale. Performance validity was evaluated by measuring the reproducibility and responsiveness on a 0-1 scale. RESULTS The Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index had good to excellent psychometric and performance validity, while the Seo Index had moderate to excellent psychometric validity and moderate to good performance validity. The Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index had weaknesses in content validity and in responsiveness. The Seo Index had weaknesses in content validity, construct validity and responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS These two non-endoscopic indices for ulcerative colitis have good psychometric and performance validity, and are now the most rigorously validated disease activity indices for ulcerative colitis. The Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index appears to have better overall validity. Quantitative evaluation identifies weaknesses in disease activity indices, and can lead to better disease activity indices for ulcerative colitis.
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Schwartz M, Lopez P. Waiting list treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: when do we need level 1 evidence? Am J Transplant 2006; 6:2531-2. [PMID: 17049051 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Schwartz M, Fazl M, Rowed D, Pirouzmand F. Adaptation de l’angiographie, au vert d’indocyanine (VIC) à la Neurochirurgie. Neurochirurgie 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3770(06)71322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sperling L, Kiil C, Larsen LU, Qvist I, Schwartz M, Jørgensen C, Skajaa K, Bang J, Tabor A. Naturally conceived twins with monochorionic placentation have the highest risk of fetal loss. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2006; 28:644-52. [PMID: 17001739 DOI: 10.1002/uog.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of fetal loss in dichorionic (DC) and monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies stratified according to zygosity and method of conception. METHODS In a prospective multicenter observational study women with a twin pregnancy had an ultrasound scan before 14 + 6 weeks' gestation in order to determine chorionicity. The fetal loss rate, the perinatal, neonatal and infant mortality rates and the frequency of very preterm labor were estimated for the different types of twin. RESULTS Among the 495 pregnancies (421 DC and 74 MC) 229 (46%) were conceived naturally and 266 (54%) by assisted reproduction (AR). Outcome data for 945 liveborn babies were obtained. The spontaneous miscarriage rate before 24 weeks' gestation was 10.9% (7/64) among naturally conceived MC compared to 3.0% (5/165) for naturally conceived DC twins (P < 0.05). For twins conceived by AR the corresponding figures were 0% (0/10) and 0.4% (1/256). The odds ratio (OR) for very preterm birth-before 28 weeks' gestation-was 4.2 for MC twins compared to DC twins. The relative risk of fetal loss or death among DC twins was 20% of the risk for MC twins. CONCLUSION The risk of fetal loss, very preterm delivery and neonatal/infant death is significantly higher among twins with MC compared to DC placentation. Twins conceived by AR have a much lower risk of MC placentation. The risk of losing one or both twins seems higher among naturally conceived twins compared to twins conceived by AR, despite the fact that the maternal age was higher among the mothers of the AR twins.
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Frenkel G, Katzav E, Schwartz M, Sochen N. Distribution of anomalous exponents of natural images. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:103902. [PMID: 17025818 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.103902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Revised: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies of correlations of intensity in databases of natural images revealed a remarkable property. The two point correlations are described in terms of power law behavior, with an exponent which seems to be robust. In the present Letter we consider the statistical meaning of that result. We study many individual images of one of the databases considered. We find that the same law characterizing the correlations in the whole database governs also images randomly chosen from that database, with one essential difference. The exponent characterizing each image is specific and differs from the exponent characterizing the whole database. The distribution of single image exponents has been measured and found to exhibit a rather heavy tail. The database exponent cannot, thus, be considered as a statistical representative of a single image exponent. Possible reasons for the diversity in image exponents are discussed.
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Ménard C, Laperriere N, Millar BA, Tsao M, Bissonette JP, Cho YB, Damyanovich A, Michaels H, Schwartz M, Hodaie M, Valiante T, Cusimano M, Mendonca W, McKinnon S, Tamerou M, Bradwell A, Taylor R, Bernstein M. 46 Implementation of a provincial gamma knife radiosurgery program. Radiother Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(06)80787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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