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Wang CJ, Ko JY, Chan YS, Lee MS, Chen JM, Wang FS, Yang KD, Huang CC. Extracorporeal shockwave for hip necrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2010; 18:1082-6. [PMID: 19762382 DOI: 10.1177/0961203309103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently received corticosteroid therapy, resulting in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Prior studies demonstrated the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT) for ONFH.. This study evaluated the effectiveness of ESWT for ONFH in patients with SLE. We studied 39 patients, including 15 patients with SLE (26 hips) and 24 controls (29 hips). To each affected hip we applied ESWT (6000 impulses at 28 kV in a single session). Patients were ambulated with partial weight bearing for 4-6 weeks. The primary endpoint was the need for hip replacement. The secondary endpoints were improvement in hip pain and function and image changes on X-ray and MRI. Patients received total hip replacement in 12% of patients with SLE and in 14% of controls (P = 0.802). There was no statistically significant difference in pain scores (0.86 vs. 0.89; P = 0.467) and function scores (89% vs. 91%; P = 0.194) between patients with SLE and controls. SLE response to ESWT for ONFH is comparable with ONFH in patients without SLE.
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Chen CP, Lin SP, Chern SR, Tsai FJ, Wu PC, Lee CC, Chen LF, Lee MS, Wang W. Deletion 2q37.3->qter and duplication 15q24.3->qter characterized by array CGH in a girl with epilepsy and dysmorphic features. GENETIC COUNSELING (GENEVA, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 21:263-267. [PMID: 20681230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Choi HJ, Moon JH, Ko BM, Kim YJ, Cheon YK, Cho YD, Lee MS, Shim CS. Endoscopic stone removal using a scissors papillotome followed by papillary balloon dilation in patients with Billroth II gastrectomy - a case series. Endoscopy 2009; 41:993-6. [PMID: 19866399 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1215126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture is one of the most popular types of complementary/alternative medicine. It is sometimes used as a treatment for schizophrenia. AIMS The objective of this review is to assess systematically the clinical evidence for or against acupuncture as a treatment for schizophrenia. METHODS We searched 20 databases from their inception to May 2009 without language restrictions. All randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of acupuncture, with or without electrical stimulation or moxibustion for patients with schizophrenia were considered for inclusion. RESULTS Thirteen RCTs, all originating from China, met the inclusion criteria. One RCT reported significant effects of electroacupuncture (EA) plus drug therapy for improving auditory hallucunations and positive symptom compared with sham EA plus drug therapy. Four RCTs showed significant effects of acupuncture for response rate compared with antipsychotic drugs [n = 360, relative risk (RR): 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.34, p = 0.01; heterogeneity: tau(2) = 0.00, chi(2) = 2.98, p = 0.39, I(2) = 0%]. Seven RCTs showed significant effects of acupuncture plus antipsychotic drug therapy for response rate compared with antipsychotic drug therapy (n = 457, RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04-1.28, p = 0.008, heterogeneity: tau(2) = 0.00, chi(2) = 6.56, p = 0.36, I(2) = 9%). Two RCTs tested laser acupuncture against sham laser acupuncture. One RCT found beneficial effects of laser acupuncture on hallucination and the other RCT showed significant effects of laser acupuncture on response rate, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and clinical global index compared with sham laser. The methodological quality was generally poor and there was not a single high quality trial. CONCLUSION These results provide limited evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating the symptoms of schizophrenia. However, the total number of RCTs, the total sample size and the methodological quality were too low to draw firm conclusions. As all studies originated from China, international studies are needed to test whether there is any effect.
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Ehdaie A, Lee MS. Drug-eluting stents in primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an up-to-date review of the literature. Minerva Cardioangiol 2009; 57:645-655. [PMID: 19838154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents (DES) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the treatment of stable coronary disease but not in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. In the past, treatment of acute myocardial infarction was mainly done via thrombolysis and balloon angioplasty. Although the rates of stroke, reocclusion, and revascularization were improved with the advent of bare-metal stents, rates of restenosis remained high. Primary PCI for ST-elevation myocardial infarction has also evolved to include the use of DES in this setting. However, this "off-label" use has not been without concerns regarding safety. Stent thrombosis contributes to major morbidity and mortality after PCI. Suggestions of higher rates of stent thrombosis with the use of DES as compared to bare-metal stents have raised questions about DES safety and efficacy. The aim of the authors was to provide an in-depth review of the safety of DES in acute myocardial infarction. They have therefore reviewed the most up-to-date data, including observational studies, randomized trials, and meta-analyses on the use of DES in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Overall, DES appear to have a similar safety profile as compared to bare-metal stents in primary PCI in the treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, large-scale randomized studies are needed to further evaluate the safety profile of drug-eluting stents as compared to bare-metal stents in this setting.
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Park JK, Moon JH, Kim HK, Choi HJ, Kang JH, Kim HK, Ko BM, Cho YD, Lee MS, Shim CS. Wire-guided endoscopic snare resection of a choledochocele-associated villous adenoma. Endoscopy 2009; 41 Suppl 2:E78-9. [PMID: 19370521 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Lee MS, Kim MJ, Lee MJ, Yoon CS, Han SJ, Oh JT, Park YN. Biliary atresia: color doppler US findings in neonates and infants. Radiology 2009; 252:282-9. [PMID: 19561262 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2522080923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe color Doppler ultrasonographic (US) findings in livers of neonates with biliary atresia (BA) and to compare them with US findings in livers of neonates with non-BA and control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval was obtained; acquisition of informed consent was exempted. US and color Doppler US findings were retrospectively reviewed in 64 patients with neonatal cholestasis and 19 control subjects. BA and non-BA were confirmed in 29 and 35 patients, respectively. Three pediatric radiologists assessed US and color Doppler US images, independently documented their findings, and resolved discrepancies by consensus. Triangular cord (TC) sign, gallbladder length, and hepatic artery and portal vein diameters were evaluated on US images. The presence of hepatic subcapsular flow was evaluated on color Doppler US images. Diagnostic value of TC sign and hepatic subcapsular flow in the diagnosis of BA were evaluated. Significance of hepatic artery and portal vein diameters in each group was assessed. RESULTS In the diagnosis of BA, sensitivity and specificity of the TC sign on US images were 62% and 100%, respectively. On color Doppler US images, hepatic subcapsular flow was detected in all patients with BA and in five patients with non-BA. At the first review, there was a discrepancy between radiologists in interpretation of hepatic subcapsular flow in patients with non-BA. However, consensus was reached at the second review. There was no hepatic subcapsular flow in control subjects. Sensitivity and specificity of hepatic subcapsular flow on color Doppler US images were 100% and 80%-86%, respectively, on the basis of individual interpretations of reviewers. Sensitivity and specificity of hepatic subcapsular flow on color Doppler US images were 100% and 86%, respectively, on the basis of consensus reading. Mean diameter of the hepatic artery in patients with BA (2.1 mm +/- 0.7 [standard deviation]) was significantly larger than that in patients with non-BA (1.5 mm +/- 0.4, P < .001) and control subjects (1.5 mm +/- 0.4, P = .001). CONCLUSION The presence of hepatic subcapsular flow is useful for differentiating between BA and other causes of neonatal jaundice.
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Jeong GW, Kim TH, Lee MS, Kang HK, Park TJ. A New Method for the Quantification of Brain Activation in Conjunction with SPM Tools in fMR Images. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Eun SH, Kim JO, Ko BM, Cho JY, Lee JS, Lee MS, Shim CS. Jejunal diverticular bleeding treated with hemoclips at double-balloon enteroscopy. Endoscopy 2009; 41 Suppl 2:E29-30. [PMID: 19288410 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture is often used as a treatment for dementia and is claimed to be effective in improving intelligence. AIMS The objective of this review is to assess the clinical evidence for or against acupuncture as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We searched the literature using 17 databases from their inception to August 2008, without language restrictions. We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of needle acupuncture to treat human patients suffering from AD. Methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad score. RESULTS Three RCTs met all inclusion criteria. Two RCTs assessed the effectiveness of acupuncture on cognitive function compared with drug therapy. Their results suggested no significant effect in favour of acupuncture [n = 72, weight mean difference (WMDs), -0.55; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) -1.31 to 0.21, p = 0.15, heterogeneity: tau(2) = 0, chi(2) = 0.048, p = 0.49, I(2) = 0%]. Two RCTs tested acupuncture for activities of daily living (ADL). One RCT reported favourable effects of drug therapy compared with acupuncture for ADL, while the other failed to so. The meta-analysis of these data showed significant effects of drug therapy compared with acupuncture (n = 72, WMD, -1.29; 95% CIs: -1.77 to -0.80, p < 0.001, heterogeneity: tau(2) = 0, chi(2) = 0.17, p = 0.68, I(2) = 0%). CONCLUSION Even though the number of studies is small, the existing evidence does not demonstrate the effectiveness of acupuncture for AD.
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Jeon SR, Eun SH, Shim CS, Ryu CB, Kim JO, Cho JY, Lee JS, Lee MS, Jin SY. Effect of drug-eluting metal stents in benign esophageal stricture: an in vivo animal study. Endoscopy 2009; 41:449-56. [PMID: 19418400 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The aim of this study in canines was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of self-expandable metal stents, which were coated with paclitaxel to minimize the tissue response. MATERIALS AND METHODS 14 dogs (5-10 kg) were randomly allocated to two groups. Drug-eluting stents (DES, n = 7) or nondrug-eluting stents (non-DES, n = 7) were endoscopically inserted and fixed in the esophagus of healthy dogs. Every 2 weeks, for a maximum period of 8 weeks, an endoscopic examination was performed to evaluate the status of stent insertion, the grade of tissue hyperplasia, and mucosal change at both ends of the stent. RESULTS One case of stent migration was observed after 4 weeks in the non-DES group. In this group, tissue reaction and hyperplasia remained for more than 4 weeks after stent insertion. By contrast, an endoscopic examination of the surrounding esophageal mucosa in the DES group showed very little tissue reaction, and the stent was easily separated from the esophageal tissue. CONCLUSION Although further studies are required to confirm our results, we suggest that these newly designed DES may provide an alternative tool to manage refractory benign esophageal stricture.
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Pond A, Lee MS, Hardten DR, Harrison AR, Krachmer JH. Toxic corneal oedema associated with amantadine use. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:281, 413. [PMID: 19244027 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.135731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lin YJ, Deng MC, Wu SH, Chen YL, Cheng HC, Chang CY, Lee MS, Chien MS, Huang CC. Baculovirus-derived hemagglutinin vaccine protects chickens from lethal homologous virus H5N1 challenge. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:1147-52. [PMID: 19057130 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in both human and poultry from 2003, it is critical to have effective vaccines. A cDNA fragment coding the entire hemagglutinin (HA) gene derived from an H5N1 strain (A/duck/China/E319-2/03) was cloned and expressed using the baculovirus system. Two weeks after receiving two doses of recombinant HA (rHA) vaccines, chickens develop high antibody response for hemagglutination inhibition (HI) at titer 7.2 log(2). Challenge studies revealed that vaccinated chickens with HI titers greater than 3 log(2) could have immunoprotection against the same HPAI H5N1 strain virus challenge through intranasal route. Additionally, HI titer of 5 log(2) determined whether the live viruses could not be detected from oropharyngeal, cloacal discharge or in tissues. This result suggests that the rHA expressed from baculovirus system could be a candidate for the development of a safe and efficient subunit vaccine for HPAI (H5N1).
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Lee MS, Lee EN, Ernst E. Is tai chi beneficial for improving aerobic capacity? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2008; 43:569-73. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.053272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Auricular acupuncture (AA) is a therapeutic method by which specific points on the auricle are stimulated to treat various conditions. AA is often recommended as treatment for insomnia. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate data from randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trials testing the effectiveness of AA for treating insomnia. METHODS We searched the literature using 18 databases from their inception to April 2008 without language restrictions. All prospective randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of AA for subjects with insomnia were considered. Methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad score. RESULTS We identified 433 possible relevant articles, in which include 10 acceptable RCTs. The methodological quality of the trials was generally poor. Magnetic pellets AA was compared with placebo AA in three of the studies. The results suggested beneficial effects on sleep efficiency compared with placebo AA. One RCT tested needle AA compared with placebo AA and failed to show the effectiveness of AA. Four RCTs compared Semen Vaccariae or magnetic pellet AA with conventional drugs (estazolam or diazepam). Favourable effects for AA were found. Two RCTs tested thumbtack needle AA vs. no treatment suggested beneficial effects of AA on a sleep score. CONCLUSION We conclude that, because of the paucity and of the poor quality of the data, the evidence for the effectiveness of AA for the symptomatic treatment of insomnia is limited. Further, rigorously designed trials are warranted to confirm these results.
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Kim A, Kwon OS, Kim SO, He L, Bae EY, Lee MS, Jeong SJ, Shim JH, Yoon DY, Kim CH, Moon A, Kim KE, Ahn JS, Kim BY. Caspase-3 activation as a key factor for HBx-transformed cell death. Cell Prolif 2008; 41:755-74. [PMID: 18700866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation has been associated with the tumorigenic growth of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx)-transformed cells. This study was aimed to find a key target for treatment of HBx-mediated cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS NF-kappaB activation, endoplasmic reticulum-stress (ER-stress), caspase-3 activation, and cell proliferation were evaluated after Chang/HBx cells permanently expressing HBx viral protein were treated with inhibitors of NF-kappaB, proteasome and DNA topoisomerase. RESULTS Inhibition of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity by transient transfection with mutant plasmids encoding Akt1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), or by treatment with chemical inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, showed little effect on the survival of Chang/HBx cells. Furthermore, IkappaBalpha (S32/36A) mutant plasmid or other NF-kappaB inhibitors, 1-pyrrolidinecarbonidithioic acid and sulphasalazine, were also shown to have little effect on the cell proliferation. By contrast, proteasome inhibitor-1 (Pro1) and MG132 enhanced the HBx-induced ER-stress response and the subsequent activation of caspase-12, -9 and -3 and reduced cell proliferation. Camptothecin (CPT), however, triggered activation of caspase-3 without induction of caspase-12, and reduced cell proliferation. In addition, CPT-induced cell death was reversed by pre-treatment with z-DEVD, a caspase-3-specific inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Detailed exploitation of the regulators of caspase-3 activation could open the gate for finding an efficient target for development of anticancer therapeutics against HBx-transformed hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Lee MS, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Effects of reiki in clinical practice: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62:947-54. [PMID: 18410352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this systematic review is to summarise and critically evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of reiki. METHODS We searched the literature using 23 databases from their respective inceptions through to November 2007 (search again 23 January 2008) without language restrictions. Methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad score. RESULTS The searches identified 205 potentially relevant studies. Nine randomised clinical trials (RCTs) met our inclusion criteria. Two RCTs suggested beneficial effects of reiki compared with sham control on depression, while one RCT did not report intergroup differences. For pain and anxiety, one RCT showed intergroup differences compared with sham control. For stress and hopelessness a further RCT reported effects of reiki and distant reiki compared with distant sham control. For functional recovery after ischaemic stroke there were no intergroup differences compared with sham. There was also no difference for anxiety between groups of pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis. For diabetic neuropathy there were no effects of reiki on pain. A further RCT failed to show the effects of reiki for anxiety and depression in women undergoing breast biopsy compared with conventional care. DISCUSSION In total, the trial data for any one condition are scarce and independent replications are not available for each condition. Most trials suffered from methodological flaws such as small sample size, inadequate study design and poor reporting. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the evidence is insufficient to suggest that reiki is an effective treatment for any condition. Therefore the value of reiki remains unproven.
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Lee MS, Kang MJ, Kim MY, Kim HO, Song KY, Park YM. Congenital Bednar tumour (pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22:509-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shin WG, Park SH, Jang MK, Hahn TH, Kim JB, Lee MS, Kim DJ, Jun SY, Park CK. Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) can predict liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Dig Liver Dis 2008; 40:267-74. [PMID: 18055281 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 08/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been still few valuable markers that can be used as indirect markers of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate efficacy of several indirect markers of liver fibrosis and to identify the most valuable test in chronic hepatitis B. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 264 patients with chronic hepatitis B were consecutively enrolled. Fibrosis was staged by a single blinded pathologist according to the METAVIR system. Significant fibrosis was defined as stage >or=2. We investigated diagnostic accuracy of four indirect markers including aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index for predicting significant fibrosis. RESULTS Mean age was 28 years. 53% (141/264) had significant hepatic fibrosis. Of indirect markers, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index yielded the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.91). Positive predictive value/negative predictive value at 0.5, 1.5 and 2.0 of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index score for predicting significant fibrosis were 63%/91%, 83%/74% and 86%/65%, respectively. The odds ratio for aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index >or=1.4 relative to less than aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index of 1.4 was 17.971 (p<0.0001; 95% confidence interval, 9.677-33.376). CONCLUSIONS Of simple markers already developed in chronic hepatitis C, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index may be the most accurate and simple marker for predicting significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B.
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Park DC, Lee SK, Cha CI, Lee SO, Lee MS, Yeo SG. Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus from otorrhea in chronic suppurative otitis media and comparison with results of all isolated Staphylococci. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:571-7. [PMID: 18299908 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in patients with CSOM has not been compared with the prevalence rates in patients from other fields of medicine. We investigated the pathogenic bacteria in CSOM throughout Korea and annual isolation rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) over 6 years. Routine culture results and susceptibility data of CSOM isolated from 2000 to 2005 were collected from six general hospitals in Korea, along with the results of all clinically isolated Staphylococci from one tertiary care teaching hospital. Of the 1,162 bacteria identified in 1,360 CSOM patients, 628 (54.0%) were Staphylococci in CSOM. Of the latter, 288 (45.9%) were MRSA, which accounted for 24.8% of identified bacteria. Of the 5,988 clinically isolated Staphylococci from one tertiary care hospital, 3,712 (61.9%) were MRSA. All MRSA isolated from CSOM patients were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin, and 88.2% were sensitive to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. In contrast, these strains showed little or no sensitivity to oxacillin, clindamycin, penicillin, and erythromycin. Annual MRSA isolation rates showed no tendencies to increase or decrease. MRSA was the most frequently identified Staphylococcus in patients with otorrhea. The isolation rate of MRSA has not changed over 6 years. Continuous and periodic surveillance of MRSA is necessary to reduce the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and to guide appropriate antibacterial therapy.
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Lee MS, Pittler MH, Shin BC, Ernst E. Tai chi for osteoporosis: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19:139-46. [PMID: 17955276 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-007-0486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tai chi may have beneficial effects with respect to balance, falls and non-vertebral fractures. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate evidence from controlled clinical trials testing the effectiveness of tai chi for osteoporosis. METHODS Systematic searches were conducted on 20 electronic databases. The outcome measures considered for inclusion were changes in bone parameters. RESULTS Five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and two controlled clinical trials (CCT) met all inclusion criteria. In postmenopausal women, one RCT found tai chi to be superior for loss of bone mineral density (BMD) compared with sedentary lifestyle, while two other RCTs found no differences between tai chi and exercises or calcium supplementation for BMD. The meta-analysis showed no significant effect of tai chi on BMD change at the spine compared with no treatment in postmenopausal women. One RCT failed to show favorable effects of tai chi compared with resistance training (RT) for total hip BMD in elderly women. A further RCT compared tai chi with RT on bone metabolism and reported favorable effects compared with RT in the elderly. CONCLUSION The evidence for tai chi in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis is not convincing. More rigorous research seems warranted.
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Lyoo CH, Jeong Y, Ryu YH, Lee SY, Song TJ, Lee JH, Rinne JO, Lee MS. Effects of disease duration on the clinical features and brain glucose metabolism in patients with mixed type multiple system atrophy. Brain 2008; 131:438-46. [PMID: 18178568 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awm328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effect of disease duration on the clinical, neuropsychological and [(18)F]-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET findings in patients with mixed type multiple system atrophy (MSA), this study included 16 controls and 37 mixed-type MSA patients with a shorter than a 3-year history of cerebellar or parkinsonian symptoms. We classified the patients into three groups according to the duration of parkinsonian or cerebellar symptoms (Group I = <or=1 year; II = 13-24 months; III = 25-36 months). We performed UPDRS, international cooperative ataxia rating scale (ICARS), and a neuropsychological test battery. We compared the FDG PET findings of each group of patients with controls. Group I patients frequently had memory and frontal executive dysfunction. They showed hypometabolism in the frontal cortex, anterior cerebellar hemisphere and vermis. They had parkinsonian motor deficits, but no basal ganglia hypometabolism. Group II and III patients frequently had multiple domain cognitive impairments, and showed hypometabolism in the frontal and parieto-temporal cortices. Hypometabolism of the bilateral caudate and the left posterolateral putamen was observed in Group II, and whole striatum in Group III. In summary, the cortical hypometabolism begins in the frontal cortex and spreads to the parieto-temporal cortex in MSA. This spreading pattern coincides with the progressive cognitive decline. Early caudate hypometabolism may also contribute to the cognitive impairment. Parkinsonian motor deficits precede putaminal hypometabolism that begins in its posterolateral part. Cerebellar hypometabolism occurs early in the clinical courses and seems to be a relevant metabolic descriptor of cerebellar deficits.
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Kline T, Trent MS, Stead CM, Lee MS, Sousa MC, Felise HB, Nguyen HV, Miller SI. Synthesis of and evaluation of lipid A modification by 4-substituted 4-deoxy arabinose analogs as potential inhibitors of bacterial polymyxin resistance. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 18:1507-10. [PMID: 18187325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three sets of novel 4-deoxy-l-arabinose analogs were synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of the bacterial resistance mechanism in which lipid A, on the outer membrane, is modified with 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-Ara4N). One compound diminished the transfer of l-Ara4N onto lipid A. These results suggest that small molecules might be designed that would effect the same reversal of bacterial resistance observed in genetic knockouts.
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