101
|
Mousavi S, Arjmand O, Hashemi S, Banaei N. Modification of the Epoxy Resin Mechanical and Thermal Properties with Silicon Acrylate and Montmorillonite Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/204124791600700303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have investigated the effect of montmorillonite with alkyl quaternary ammonium salt that had been doped into the silicon acrylate (AC-Si)/ Epoxy Cresol Novolac (ECN)/ montmorillonite nano composites on structural, mechanical and thermal properties of composite samples. Moreover the effect of increase in weight percentages of fillers at 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 wt% on the amount of Impact and flexural strength had been investigated. Also impact and flexural strength were performed on two different systems namely (a) ECN filled nanoclay and (b) AC-Si ECN filled with nano montmorillonite as a function of clay respectively. By increase in the weight percentage of filler in the context of matrix up to the 0.03 wt%, the amount of flexural and impact strength were increased but by adding filler more that 0.03 wt%, the amount of flexural and impact strength will decrease. The resulting nanocomposites have optimal mechanical properties at 0.03 wt% montmorillonite content. Addition of The AC-Si will increase the interlamellar distance due to better dispersion of the clay within the matrix. Cross section of fracture surfaces that had been shown by SEM micrographs, specifies that, increase in viscosity had caused due to aggregation that is the main cause of fluctuation in samples properties. In addition the produced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) differential scanning calorimetry, Thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing (impact and flexural).
Collapse
|
102
|
Lim SH, Martino R, Anikst V, Xu Z, Mix S, Benjamin R, Schub H, Eiden M, Rhodes PA, Banaei N. Rapid Diagnosis of Tuberculosis from Analysis of Urine Volatile Organic Compounds. ACS Sens 2016; 1:852-856. [PMID: 29057329 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has called for simple, sensitive, and non-sputum diagnostics for tuberculosis. We report development of a urine tuberculosis test using a colorimetric sensor array (CSA). The sensor comprised of 73 different indicators captures high-dimensional, spatiotemporal signatures of volatile chemicals emitted by human urine samples. The sensor responses to 63 urine samples collected from 22 tuberculosis cases and 41 symptomatic controls were measured under five different urine test conditions. Basified testing condition yielded the best accuracy with 85.5% sensitivity and 79.5% specificity. The CSA urine assay offers desired features needed for tuberculosis diagnosis in endemic settings.
Collapse
|
103
|
Anikst VE, Gaur RL, Schroeder LF, Banaei N. Organism burden, toxin concentration, and lactoferrin concentration do not distinguish between clinically significant and nonsignificant diarrhea in patients with Clostridium difficile. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 84:343-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
104
|
|
105
|
Altobelli E, Mohan R, Mach KE, Sin MLY, Anikst V, Buscarini M, Wong PK, Gau V, Banaei N, Liao JC. Integrated Biosensor Assay for Rapid Uropathogen Identification and Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Eur Urol Focus 2016; 3:293-299. [PMID: 28753748 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) via urine culture for pathogen identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) takes 2-3 d. This delay results in empiric treatment and contributes to the misuse of antibiotics and the rise of resistant pathogens. A rapid diagnostic test for UTI may improve patient care and antibiotic stewardship. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate an integrated biosensor assay for UTI diagnosis, including pathogen ID and AST, with determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ciprofloxacin. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Urine samples positive for Enterobacteriaceae (n=84) or culture-negative (n=23) were obtained from the Stanford Clinical Microbiology Laboratory between November 2013 and September 2014. Each sample was diluted and cultured for 5h with and without ciprofloxacin, followed by quantitative detection of bacterial 16S rRNA using a single electrochemical biosensor array functionalized with a panel of complementary DNA probes. Pathogen ID was determined using universal bacterial, Enterobacteriaceae (EB), and pathogen-specific probes. Phenotypic AST with ciprofloxacin MIC was determined using an EB probe to measure 16S rRNA levels as a function of bacterial growth. MEASUREMENTS Electrochemical signals for pathogen ID at 6 SD over background were considered positive. An MIC signal of 0.4 log units lower than the no-antibiotic control indicated sensitivity. Results were compared to clinical microbiology reports. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS For pathogen ID, the assay had 98.5% sensitivity, 96.6% specificity, 93.0% positive predictive value, and 99.3% negative predictive value. For ciprofloxacin MIC the categorical and essential agreement was 97.6%. Further automation, testing of additional pathogens and antibiotics, and a full prospective study will be necessary for translation to clinical use. CONCLUSIONS The integrated biosensor platform achieved microbiological results including MIC comparable to standard culture in a significantly shorter assay time. Further assay automation will allow clinical translation for rapid molecular diagnosis of UTI. PATIENT SUMMARY We have developed and validated a biosensor test for rapid diagnosis of urinary tract infections. Clinical translation of this device has the potential to significantly expedite and improve treatment of urinary tract infections.
Collapse
|
106
|
Lim SH, Mix S, Anikst V, Budvytiene I, Eiden M, Churi Y, Queralto N, Berliner A, Martino RA, Rhodes PA, Banaei N. Bacterial culture detection and identification in blood agar plates with an optoelectronic nose. Analyst 2016; 141:918-25. [PMID: 26753182 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01990g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical microbiology automation is currently limited by the lack of an in-plate culture identification system. Using an inexpensive, printed, disposable colorimetric sensor array (CSA) responsive to the volatiles emitted into plate headspace by microorganisms during growth, we report here that not only the presence but the species of bacteria growing in plate was identified before colonies are visible. In 1894 trials, 15 pathogenic bacterial species cultured on blood agar were identified with 91.0% sensitivity and 99.4% specificity within 3 hours of detection. The results indicate CSAs integrated into Petri dish lids present a novel paradigm to speciate microorganisms, well-suited to integration into automated plate handling systems.
Collapse
|
107
|
Suharwardy S, O'Malley K, Lee H, Banaei N, Aziz N. 636: Uropathogens and antibiotic resistance temporal trends among pregnant women: updated assessment and comparison from 2005-2014. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.10.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
108
|
Gaur RL, Ren K, Blumenthal A, Bhamidi S, Gibbs S, Jackson M, Zare RN, Ehrt S, Ernst JD, Banaei N. Correction: LprG-Mediated Surface Expression of Lipoarabinomannan Is Essential for Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005336. [PMID: 26650245 PMCID: PMC4674111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
109
|
Gomez CA, Gerber DA, Zambrano E, Banaei N, Deresinski S, Blackburn BG. First case of infectious endocarditis caused by Parvimonas micra. Anaerobe 2015; 36:53-5. [PMID: 26485192 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
P. micra is an anaerobic Gram-positive cocci, and a known commensal organism of the human oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Although it has been classically described in association with endodontic disease and peritonsillar infection, recent reports have highlighted the role of P. micra as the primary pathogen in the setting of invasive infections. In its most recent taxonomic classification, P. micra has never been reported causing infectious endocarditis in humans. Here, we describe a 71 year-old man who developed severe native valve endocarditis complicated by aortic valvular destruction and perivalvular abscess, requiring emergent surgical intervention. Molecular sequencing enabled identification of P. micra.
Collapse
|
110
|
Lefterova MI, Suarez CJ, Banaei N, Pinsky BA. Next-Generation Sequencing for Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Management: A Report of the Association for Molecular Pathology. J Mol Diagn 2015; 17:623-34. [PMID: 26433313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are increasingly being used for diagnosis and monitoring of infectious diseases. Herein, we review the application of NGS in clinical microbiology, focusing on genotypic resistance testing, direct detection of unknown disease-associated pathogens in clinical specimens, investigation of microbial population diversity in the human host, and strain typing. We have organized the review into three main sections: i) applications in clinical virology, ii) applications in clinical bacteriology, mycobacteriology, and mycology, and iii) validation, quality control, and maintenance of proficiency. Although NGS holds enormous promise for clinical infectious disease testing, many challenges remain, including automation, standardizing technical protocols and bioinformatics pipelines, improving reference databases, establishing proficiency testing and quality control measures, and reducing cost and turnaround time, all of which would be necessary for widespread adoption of NGS in clinical microbiology laboratories.
Collapse
|
111
|
Bender KO, Garland M, Ferreyra JA, Hryckowian AJ, Child MA, Puri AW, Solow-Cordero DE, Higginbottom SK, Segal E, Banaei N, Shen A, Sonnenburg JL, Bogyo M. A small-molecule antivirulence agent for treating Clostridium difficile infection. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:306ra148. [PMID: 26400909 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac9103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a worldwide health threat that is typically triggered by the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which disrupt the natural gut microbiota and allow this Gram-positive anaerobic pathogen to thrive. The increased incidence and severity of disease coupled with decreased response, high recurrence rates, and emergence of multiple antibiotic-resistant strains have created an urgent need for new therapies. We describe pharmacological targeting of the cysteine protease domain (CPD) within the C. difficile major virulence factor toxin B (TcdB). Through a targeted screen with an activity-based probe for this protease domain, we identified a number of potent CPD inhibitors, including one bioactive compound, ebselen, which is currently in human clinical trials for a clinically unrelated indication. This drug showed activity against both major virulence factors, TcdA and TcdB, in biochemical and cell-based studies. Treatment in a mouse model of CDI that closely resembles the human infection confirmed a therapeutic benefit in the form of reduced disease pathology in host tissues that correlated with inhibition of the release of the toxic glucosyltransferase domain (GTD). Our results show that this non-antibiotic drug can modulate the pathology of disease and therefore could potentially be developed as a therapeutic for the treatment of CDI.
Collapse
|
112
|
Forrester JD, Gomez CA, Forrester JA, Nguyen M, Gregg D, Deresinski S, Banaei N, Weiser TG. First case of mesh infection due to Coccidioides spp. and literature review of fungal mesh infections after hernia repair. Mycoses 2015; 58:582-7. [PMID: 26293423 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fungal mesh infections are a rare complication of hernia repairs with mesh. The first case of Coccidioides spp. mesh infection is described, and a systematic literature review of all known fungal mesh infections was performed. Nine cases of fungal mesh infection are reviewed. Female and male patients are equally represented, median age is 49.5 years, and critical illness and preinfection antibiotic use were common. Fungal mesh infections are rare, but potentially fatal, complications of hernias repaired with mesh.
Collapse
|
113
|
Ferreira JAG, Penner JC, Moss RB, Haagensen JAJ, Clemons KV, Spormann AM, Nazik H, Cohen K, Banaei N, Carolino E, Stevens DA. Inhibition of Aspergillus fumigatus and Its Biofilm by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Is Dependent on the Source, Phenotype and Growth Conditions of the Bacterium. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134692. [PMID: 26252384 PMCID: PMC4529298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) are leading fungal and bacterial pathogens, respectively, in many clinical situations. Relevant to this, their interface and co-existence has been studied. In some experiments in vitro, Pa products have been defined that are inhibitory to Af. In some clinical situations, both can be biofilm producers, and biofilm could alter their physiology and affect their interaction. That may be most relevant to airways in cystic fibrosis (CF), where both are often prominent residents. We have studied clinical Pa isolates from several sources for their effects on Af, including testing involving their biofilms. We show that the described inhibition of Af is related to the source and phenotype of the Pa isolate. Pa cells inhibited the growth and formation of Af biofilm from conidia, with CF isolates more inhibitory than non-CF isolates, and non-mucoid CF isolates most inhibitory. Inhibition did not require live Pa contact, as culture filtrates were also inhibitory, and again non-mucoid>mucoid CF>non-CF. Preformed Af biofilm was more resistant to Pa, and inhibition that occurred could be reproduced with filtrates. Inhibition of Af biofilm appears also dependent on bacterial growth conditions; filtrates from Pa grown as biofilm were more inhibitory than from Pa grown planktonically. The differences in Pa shown from these different sources are consistent with the extensive evolutionary Pa changes that have been described in association with chronic residence in CF airways, and may reflect adaptive changes to life in a polymicrobial environment.
Collapse
|
114
|
Slater M, Tran MC, Platt L, Luu LT, Phan HT, Pham PT, Do TB, Nguyen HT, Gaur RL, Parsonnet J, Cattamanchi A, Luo R, Nahid P, Banaei N. In vitro immunomodulation for enhancing T cell-based diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 83:41-5. [PMID: 26081239 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma release assays have limited sensitivity for detecting latent tuberculosis infection. In this study, we determine if the addition of immunomodulators to the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) increased test sensitivity without compromising specificity. We prospectively compared QFT-GIT results with and without incubation with 2 immunomodulators (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and polyinosine-polycytidylic acid [PolyIC]) in 2 cohorts-113 culture-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) subjects in Hanoi, Vietnam, and 226 documented QFT-GIT-negative, low TB risk health care workers undergoing annual TB screening at a US academic institution. Sensitivity of the tests in TB subjects was 84.1% with the standard QFT-GIT and 85.8% and 74.3% after incubation with LPS and PolyIC, respectively. Specificity in low TB risk health care workers was 100% with the standard QFT-GIT by design and 86.7% with LPS and 63.3% with PolyIC. In conclusion, use of the 2 immunomodulators did not improve sensitivity of the QFT-GIT in TB patients and reduced specificity in low-risk health care workers.
Collapse
|
115
|
Gaur RL, Banaei N. Inoculation of QuantiFERON-TB tubes with skin microbiota causes false-positive results. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 190:834-7. [PMID: 25271749 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201406-1041le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
116
|
Shukla S, Richardson ET, Athman JJ, Shi L, Wearsch PA, McDonald D, Banaei N, Boom WH, Jackson M, Harding CV. Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein LprG binds lipoarabinomannan and determines its cell envelope localization to control phagolysosomal fusion. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004471. [PMID: 25356793 PMCID: PMC4214796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) virulence is decreased by genetic deletion of the lipoprotein LprG, but the function of LprG remains unclear. We report that LprG expressed in Mtb binds to lipoglycans, such as lipoarabinomannan (LAM), that mediate Mtb immune evasion. Lipoglycan binding to LprG was dependent on both insertion of lipoglycan acyl chains into a hydrophobic pocket on LprG and a novel contribution of lipoglycan polysaccharide components outside of this pocket. An lprG null mutant (Mtb ΔlprG) had lower levels of surface-exposed LAM, revealing a novel role for LprG in determining the distribution of components in the Mtb cell envelope. Furthermore, this mutant failed to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion, an immune evasion strategy mediated by LAM. We propose that LprG binding to LAM facilitates its transfer from the plasma membrane into the cell envelope, increasing surface-exposed LAM, enhancing cell envelope integrity, allowing inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion and enhancing Mtb survival in macrophages. The causative agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), persists in phagosomes inside infected macrophages. Mtb expresses lipoarabinomannan (LAM), which inhibits fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes as a means for Mtb to evade host defense. LAM is present in the cell envelope, which surrounds Mtb and interfaces with the host, but its localization remains unclear. We show that LprG, an Mtb lipoprotein, binds LAM and controls its distribution in the cell envelope. A mutant strain of Mtb that lacks LprG has less LAM at the surface of the cell envelope. This decreases LAM-mediated inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion, thereby impairing an immune evasion mechanism. We propose that LprG facilitates transfer of LAM from the plasma membrane into the cell envelope, enhancing its interaction with the host and ability to regulate host defense. Our results reveal mechanisms that determine bacterial cell envelope function and influence host-pathogen interactions and pathogen evasion of host defense.
Collapse
|
117
|
Sabino R, Ferreira JAG, Moss RB, Valente J, Veríssimo C, Carolino E, Clemons KV, Everson C, Banaei N, Penner J, Stevens DA. Molecular epidemiology of Aspergillus collected from cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2014; 14:474-81. [PMID: 25459562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspergillus respiratory infection is a common complication in cystic fibrosis (CF) and is associated with loss of pulmonary function and allergic disease. METHODS Fifty-three Aspergillus isolates recovered from CF patients were identified to species by Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (ITS), β-tubulin, and calmodulin sequencing. RESULTS Three species complexes (Terrei, Nigri, and Fumigati) were found. Identification to species level gave a single Aspergillus terreus sensu stricto, one Aspergillus niger sensu stricto and 51 Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto isolates. No cryptic species were found. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study of Aspergillus species in CF using molecular methods. The paucity of non-A. fumigatus and of cryptic species of A. fumigatus suggests a special association of A. fumigatus sensu stricto with CF airways, indicating it likely displays unique characteristics making it suitable for chronic residence in that milieu. These findings could refine an epidemiologic and therapeutic approach geared to this pathogen.
Collapse
|
118
|
Luo RF, Gaur RL, Banaei N. Using cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis with GeneXpert. Eur Respir J 2014; 44:1094-5. [PMID: 25271229 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00066214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
119
|
Forrester JD, Banaei N, Buchner P, Spain DA, Staudenmayer KL. Environmental Sampling for Clostridium difficile on Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Dispensers in an Academic Medical Center. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2014; 15:581-4. [DOI: 10.1089/sur.2013.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
120
|
Waggoner JJ, Abeynayake J, Balassiano I, Lefterova M, Sahoo MK, Liu Y, Vital-Brazil JM, Gresh L, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Banaei N, Pinsky BA. Multiplex nucleic acid amplification test for diagnosis of dengue fever, malaria, and leptospirosis. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:2011-8. [PMID: 24671788 PMCID: PMC4042768 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00341-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue, leptospirosis, and malaria are among the most common etiologies of systemic undifferentiated febrile illness (UFI) among travelers to the developing world, and these pathogens all have the potential to cause life-threatening illness in returned travelers. The current study describes the development of an internally controlled multiplex nucleic acid amplification test for the detection of dengue virus (DENV) and Leptospira and Plasmodium species, with a specific callout for Plasmodium falciparum (referred to as the UFI assay). During analytical evaluation, the UFI assay displayed a wide dynamic range and a sensitive limit of detection for each target, including all four DENV serotypes. In a clinical evaluation including 210 previously tested samples, the sensitivities of the UFI assay were 98% for DENV (58/59 samples detected) and 100% for Leptospira and malaria (65/65 and 20/20 samples, respectively). Malaria samples included all five Plasmodium species known to cause human disease. The specificity of the UFI assay was 100% when evaluated with a panel of 66 negative clinical samples. Furthermore, no amplification was observed when extracted nucleic acids from related pathogens were tested. Compared with whole-blood samples, the UFI assay remained positive for Plasmodium in 11 plasma samples from patients with malaria (parasitemia levels of 0.0037 to 3.4%). The syndrome-based design of the UFI assay, combined with the sensitivities of the component tests, represents a significant improvement over the individual diagnostic tests available for these pathogens.
Collapse
|
121
|
Shukla S, Richardson E, Athman J, Shi L, Wearsch P, McDonald D, Banaei N, Boom W, Jackson M, Harding C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein LprG binds lipoarabinomannan and determines its localization in the cell wall envelope and affects phagolysosomal fusion (MPF3P.818). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.132.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic deletion of the lipoprotein LprG reduces the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but the function of LprG remains unclear. We report that LprG expressed in Mtb binds to lipoglycans, e.g. lipoarabinomannan (LAM). Lipoglycan binding to LprG was dependent on both insertion of lipoglycan acyl chains into a hydrophobic pocket on LprG and a novel contribution of lipoglycan polysaccharide components outside of this pocket. An lprG null mutant (MtbΔlprG) had lower levels of surface-exposed LAM, revealing a novel role for LprG in determining Mtb cell envelope structure. Furthermore, this mutant allowed accelerated Mtb phagosome-lysosome fusion, consistent with the role for LAM in blocking phagosome maturation. We propose that LprG binding to LAM facilitates its transfer from the plasma membrane into the cell envelope, increasing surface-exposed LAM, enhancing cell envelope integrity, allowing inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion and enhancing Mtb survival in macrophages
Collapse
|
122
|
Pollock NR, McAdam AJ, Pai M, Nardell EA, Bernardo J, Banaei N, Mobo J. Interferon γ–Release Assays for Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis in Healthcare Workers in Low-Incidence Settings: Pros and Cons. Clin Chem 2014; 60:714-8. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.201178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
123
|
Shi H, Cheng Y, Lee KH, Luo RF, Banaei N, Rao J. Engineering the Stereochemistry of Cephalosporin for Specific Detection of Pathogenic Carbapenemase-Expressing Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
124
|
Shi H, Cheng Y, Lee KH, Luo RF, Banaei N, Rao J. Engineering the Stereochemistry of Cephalosporin for Specific Detection of Pathogenic Carbapenemase-Expressing Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8113-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
125
|
Owumi W, Banaei N, Shortliffe LD. Adult and Pediatric Intra-Institutional Trends of Ciprofloxacin Susceptibility in E. coli Positive Urinary Cultures. Antibiotics (Basel) 2014; 3:163-73. [PMID: 27025742 PMCID: PMC4790391 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics3020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial drug resistance in treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) continues to rise worldwide. To examine contributions of physician prescribing patterns to fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin, CP) resistance, we examined Escherichia coli (E. coli) resistance patterns in urinary cultures. Since CP usage is limited in children, we compared CP resistance trends in adults and children to those of more commonly used trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and nitrofurantoin (NF). Our data show that although the general pediatric population has lower resistance to ciprofloxacin, resistance levels are rising with increased usage. While NF susceptibility is historically stable, TMP-SMX resistance is slightly higher in children compared to adults. In both adults and children, antimicrobial resistance patterns vary according to clinical practice site, with ambulatory urology patients showing the highest resistance. This suggests that physician's prescribing patterns contribute to antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
|