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López-Hervas K, Santos JC, Ron SR, Betancourth-Cundar M, Cannatella DC, Tarvin RD. Deep divergences among inconspicuously colored clades of Epipedobates poison frogs. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 195:108065. [PMID: 38531492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) are famous for their aposematic species, having a combination of diverse color patterns and defensive skin toxins, yet most species in this family are inconspicuously colored and considered non-aposematic. Epipedobates is among the youngest genus-level clades of Dendrobatidae that includes both aposematic and inconspicuous species. Using Sanger-sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear markers, we demonstrate deep genetic divergences among inconspicuous species of Epipedobates but relatively shallow genetic divergences among conspicuous species. Our phylogenetic analysis includes broad geographic sampling of the inconspicuous lineages typically identified as E. boulengeri and E. espinosai, which reveals two putative new species, one in west-central Colombia (E. sp. 1) and the other in north-central Ecuador (E. aff. espinosai). We conclude that E. darwinwallacei is a junior subjective synonym of E. espinosai. We also clarify the geographic distributions of inconspicuous Epipedobates species including the widespread E. boulengeri. We provide a qualitative assessment of the phenotypic diversity in each nominal species, with a focus on the color and pattern of inconspicuous species. We conclude that Epipedobates contains eight known valid species, six of which are inconspicuous. A relaxed molecular clock analysis suggests that the most recent common ancestor of Epipedobates is ∼11.1 million years old, which nearly doubles previous estimates. Last, genetic information points to a center of species diversity in the Chocó at the southwestern border of Colombia with Ecuador. A Spanish translation of this text is available in the supplementary materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem López-Hervas
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan C Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Santiago R Ron
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - David C Cannatella
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Center, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rebecca D Tarvin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Center, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Kofoed VC, Campion C, Rasmussen PU, Møller SA, Eskildsen M, Nielsen JL, Madsen AM. Exposure to resistant fungi across working environments and time. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171189. [PMID: 38447726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Antifungal resistance has emerged as a significant health concern with increasing reports of resistant variants in previously susceptible species. At present, little is known about occupational exposure to antifungal-resistant fungi. This study aimed to investigate Danish workers' occupational exposure to airborne fungi resistant to first-line treatment drugs. A retrospective study was performed on a unique collection of personal exposure samples gathered over a twenty-year period from Danish working environments, in sectors including agriculture, animal handling, waste management, and healthcare. A total of 669 samples were cultivated at 37 °C and fungal colonies were identified using MALDI-TOF MS. Subsequently, identification was confirmed by amplicon sequencing the genes of calmodulin and beta-tubulin to unveil potential cryptic species. Infectious fungi (495 isolates from 23 species) were tested for resistance against Itraconazole, Voriconazole, Posaconazole, and Amphotericin B. Working environments were highly variable in the overall fungal exposure, and showed vastly different species compositions. Resistance was found in 30 isolates of the species Aspergillus fumigatus (4 of 251 isolates), A. nidulans (2 of 13), A. niger complex (19 of 131), A. versicolor (3 of 18), and A. lentulus (2 of 2). Sequence analysis revealed several cryptic species within the A. niger complex including A. tubingensis, A. luchuensis, and A. phoenicis. Among the resistant A. fumigatus isolates, two contained the well-described TR34/L98H mutation in the cyp51A gene and promoter region, while the remainder harbored silent mutations. The results indicate that the working environment significantly contributes to exposure to resistant fungi, with particularly biofuel plant workers experiencing high exposure. Differences in the prevalence of resistance across working environments may be linked to the underlying species composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Carp Kofoed
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Christopher Campion
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Pil Uthaug Rasmussen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Signe Agnete Møller
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Mathias Eskildsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Stangarm J, Mintara R, Jumpato W, Gomontean B, Thanee I, Wongpakam K, Adler PH, Saijuntha W, Pramual P. Molecular detection of blood protozoa and identification of black flies of the Simulium varicorne species group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Acta Trop 2024; 254:107207. [PMID: 38579961 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Species of the Simulium varicorne group in Thailand have veterinary significance as vectors of haemosporidian parasites. Accurate identification is, therefore, critical to the study of vectors and parasites. We used morphology and molecular markers to investigate cryptic genetic lineages in samples identified as Simulium chumpornense Takaoka & Kuvangkadilok, 2000. We also tested the efficiency of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) marker for the identification of species in this group. Morphological examinations revealed that S. chumpornense lineage A is most similar to S. khelangense Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung, 2022, with minor morphological differences. They are also genetically similar based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences. Geographically, the sampling site where paratypes of S. khelangense were originally collected is <50 km from where S. chumpornense lineage A was collected. We concluded that cryptic lineage A of S. chumpornense is actually S. khelangense. COI sequences could not differentiate S. kuvangkadilokae Pramual and Tangkawanit, 2008 from S. chumpornense and S. khelangense. In contrast, ITS2 sequences provided perfect accuracy in the identification of these species. Molecular analyses of the blood protozoa Leucocytozoon and Trypanosoma demonstrated that S. khelangense carries L. shoutedeni, Leucocytozoon sp., and Trypanosoma avium. The Leucocytozoon sp. in S. khelangense differs genetically from that in S. asakoae Takaoka & Davies, 1995, signaling the possibility of vector-parasite specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Stangarm
- Division of Basic and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Pathumthani University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - Ronnalit Mintara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Jumpato
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Bhuvadol Gomontean
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Isara Thanee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Komgrit Wongpakam
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0310, USA
| | - Weerachai Saijuntha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Biodiversity Research, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Pairot Pramual
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Biodiversity Research, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
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Colunga-Ramírez G, Suhaimi NS, Cech G, Molnár K, Székely C, Sellyei B. Morphological and molecular characterisation of two closely related species: Myxobolus tihanyensis n. sp. and Myxobolus sandrae Reuss, 1906. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 23:100909. [PMID: 38371736 PMCID: PMC10873720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Based on spore morphology and small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences, we describe a new Myxobolus species, Myxobolus tihanyensis n. sp., parasitizing the European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from Lake Balaton in Hungary. The brownish plasmodia were found in various locations of the body, mainly in the muscle adjacent with fins and vertebrae. The spores were ovoid, and measured 9.84 ± 0.38 μm in length, 7.69 ± 0.23 μm in width, and 5.35 ± 0.21 μm in thickness, with 8-10 sutural (edge) markings. The polar capsules were mostly equal in size, with 4.91 ± 0.39 μm in length and 2.27 ± 0.24 μm in width. The polar tubule length is 38.15 μm ± 2.70, and coiled 6-7 times. In particular, these morphological data overlap with those of Myxobolus sandrae Reuss1906 infecting the European perch (Perca fluviatilis), the pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), and the Volga pikeperch (Sander volgensis) according to previous descriptions and the taxonomic data here described. However, the phylogenetic analyses separate the two species as sister clades with 16.8% genetic distance. This study has demonstrated that the two species of Myxobolus exhibit phenotypic similarity while displaying significant genetic divergence. Therefore, the importance of including molecular data in the taxonomic description of myxozoans is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Colunga-Ramírez
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Biotechnology and Animal Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Nadhirah Syafiqah Suhaimi
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Biotechnology and Animal Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gábor Cech
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Molnár
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Székely
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Sellyei
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
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Wang D, Feng H, Zhou J, Liu TH, Zhang ZY, Xu YY, Tang J, Peng WH, He XL. New insights into the stipitate hydnoid fungi Sarcodon, Hydnellum, and the formerly informally defined Neosarcodon, with emphasis on the edible species marketed in Southwest China. IMA Fungus 2024; 15:8. [PMID: 38528625 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-023-00138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcodon and Hydnellum are two ectomycorrhizal genera of important ecological and economic value in Southwest China, and they are common in the free markets in this region. It was estimated that more than 1,500 tonnes of them were sold as edible per year, but there was little information about the taxonomic placements of these edible mushrooms sold in the markets. Traditional concepts of the two genera have also been challenged recently, and circumscription of Sarcodon and the informally defined clade "Neosarcodon" remained unresolved. In the present study, specimens collected in the field and purchased from the markets in Southwest China were analyzed based on morphological characters and DNA sequences. Phylogeny of the traditional Sarcodon s. lat. and Hydnellum s. lat. was reconstructed from the combined internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large ribosomal subunit (nLSU) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) dataset based on expanded samples to reevaluate the taxonomic placements of the two genera. In the present molecular analyses, four distinct clades were recovered and strongly supported: Hydnellum, Neosarcodon, Phellodon and Sarcodon. Neosarcodon is formally introduced as a generic name to include nine species previously placed in Sarcodon, and the delimitation of Sarcodon is revised based on phylogenetic and morphological studies. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed an unexpected species diversity (17 phylogenetic species) of Sarcodon and Hydnellum in the markets; nine phylogenetic species of Sarcodon and eight of Hydnellum were uncovered from the samples collected in the markets. Eight species were resolved in the traditional S. imbricatus complex, with S. imbricatus s.str. being the most common edible stipitate hydnoid fungal species. Three of the edible Hydnellum species (H. edulium, H. subalpinum, and H. subscabrosellum), and five separated from the S. imbricatus complex (Sarcodon flavidus, S. giganteus, S. neosquamosus, S. nigrosquamosus, and S. pseudoimbricatus), are described as new. Three new Chinese records (H. illudens, H. martioflavum, and H. versipelle), and the notable S. imbricatus and S. leucopus are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Tian-Hai Liu
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ying-Yin Xu
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Wei-Hong Peng
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiao-Lan He
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, 610066, China.
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Arisuryanti T, Waskito Aji K, Nur Shabrina F, Febriyanti D, Setiadi Daryono B, Sendi Priyono D. Phylogenetic and genetic variation of common mudskippers (Periophthalmus kalolo Lesson, 1831) from the southern coast of Java, Indonesia inferred from the COI mitochondrial gene. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100335. [PMID: 38494250 PMCID: PMC10860878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2023.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common mudskipper (Periophthalmus kalolo Lesson, 1831) belongs to a group of fish species that exhibit amphibious lifestyles during specific daily periods. However, identifying this species poses a challenge due to its morphological similarities with other mudskipper species. These similarities have occasionally caused misidentifications of mudskippers. In Indonesia, previous studies have examined the genetic variation of common mudskippers, but these investigations have been limited to a few specific areas, particularly along the southern coast of Java. As a result, the available data remain fragmented, and no comprehensive genetic population analysis of common mudskippers on the southern coast of Java has been conducted. Therefore, our study aimed to establish DNA barcodes of COI mtDNA and explore the genetic variation and relationship among these common mudskipper populations from the southern coast of Java. We collected nine specimens from two populations, Cilacap Mangrove Forest and Kondang Bandung Beach, and supplemented our dataset with 38 previously collected COI sequences of common mudskippers from three different populations from the southern coast of Java (Pasir Mendit Beach, Bogowonto Lagoon, and Baros Beach). RESULTS The study revealed that 47 common mudskippers from five different populations are separated into three genetically distinct clades (A, B, and C). These clades display genetic divergences ranging from 0.97% to 1.91%. Each clade exhibits high levels of haplotype diversity but relatively low nucleotide diversity, suggesting a previous bottleneck in population followed by a fast expansion. However, the phylogeny, haplotype network, and principal coordinate analysis indicate overlapping populations with no geographic separation within these clades. This suggests the potential occurrence of gene flow among these populations, which might have been facilitated by past geological events. CONCLUSIONS These results enhance our understanding of common mudskipper biodiversity in Indonesia. Further studies involving common mudskipper populations from various geographical sites in Indonesia are required to further enrich our understanding of the variation and evolution of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuty Arisuryanti
- Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Katon Waskito Aji
- Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Faizah Nur Shabrina
- Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Diana Febriyanti
- Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Budi Setiadi Daryono
- Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Sendi Priyono
- Laboratory of Animal Systematics, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Iwakiri A, Hirooka Y, Matsushita N, Fukuda K. Chionobium takahashii, gen. et sp. nov., associated with snow blight of conifers in Japan. Mycologia 2024; 116:299-308. [PMID: 38386714 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2302283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Gremmenia abietis (Dearn.) Crous (syn: Phacidium abietis) was originally described in North America to accommodate the species associated with snow blight of Abies and Pseudotsuga spp. In Japan, this species was first observed on the dead needles on Abies sachalinensis and Picea jezoensis var. jezoensis in 1969. However, the identity of Japanese species was unclear due to the lack of molecular data and the absence of anamorph description. In this study, we collected fresh specimens from various conifer species (A. sachalinensis, A. veitchii, Pic. jezoensis var. jezoensis, Pic. jezoensis var. hondoensis, Pinus koraiensis, and Pin. pumila) in Japan and revised the taxonomy based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), nuc 28S rDNA (28S), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) regions indicated that the species belongs to Phacidiaceae. Conidiomata formed in vitro produced pyriform, hyaline conidia without mucoid appendage, which distinguished the species from phylogenetically related genera. Consequently, we established Chionobium takahashii to accommodate the snow blight fungus in Japan. Further phylogenetic analyses also indicated that C. takahashii includes several distinct clades corresponding to the host genera (Abies, Picea, Pinus). Morphological differences among those clades were unclear, suggesting that C. takahashii may contain host-specific cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuka Iwakiri
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuuri Hirooka
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, 184-8584 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihisa Matsushita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Lizano AMD, Kim KM, Juinio-Meñez MA, Ravago-Gotanco R. Pseudocryptic diversity and species boundaries in the sea cucumber Stichopus cf. horrens (Echinodermata: Stichopodidae) revealed by mitochondrial and microsatellite markers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4886. [PMID: 38418859 PMCID: PMC10901784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54987-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Morphologically cryptic and pseudo-cryptic species pose a challenge to taxonomic identification and assessments of species diversity and distributions. Such is the case for the sea cucumber Stichopus horrens, commonly confused with Stichopus monotuberculatus. Here, we used mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and microsatellite markers to examine genetic diversity in Stichopus cf. horrens throughout the Philippine archipelago, to aid species identification and clarify species boundaries. Phylogenetic analysis reveals two recently diverged COI lineages (Clade A and Clade B; c. 1.35-2.54 Mya) corresponding to sequence records for specimens identified as S. monotuberculatus and S. horrens, respectively. Microsatellite markers reveal two significantly differentiated genotype clusters broadly concordant with COI lineages (Cluster 1, Cluster 2). A small proportion of individuals were identified as later-generation hybrids indicating limited contemporary gene flow between genotype clusters, thus confirming species boundaries. Morphological differences in papillae distribution and form are observed for the two species, however tack-like spicules from the dorsal papillae are not a reliable diagnostic character. An additional putative cryptic species was detected within Clade B-Cluster 2 specimens warranting further examination. We propose that these lineages revealed by COI and genotype data be referred to as Stichopus cf. horrens species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apollo Marco D Lizano
- Faculty of Biosciences & Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, 1101, Diliman Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Kenneth M Kim
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, 1101, Diliman Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Rachel Ravago-Gotanco
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, 1101, Diliman Quezon City, Philippines
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Morita K, Saito T, Uechi T, Sawada N, Miura O. Out of the ancient lake: Multiple riverine colonizations and diversification of the freshwater snails in the genus Semisulcospira around Lake Biwa. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 191:107987. [PMID: 38081401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Ancient lakes are a hotspot of biodiversity. Freshwater species often experience spectacular species radiation after colonizing lakes from riverine habitats. Therefore, the relationship between the fauna of the ancient lakes and the surrounding riverine system has a special significance in understanding their origin and evolutionary history. The study of ancient lake species often focused on the lake colonization of riverine species. In contrast, far less attention has been placed on the reverse direction: the riverine colonization of the lake species, despite its importance in disentangling their complex evolutionary history. The freshwater snails in the genus Semisulcospira involve endemic groups that radiated in the ancient Lake Biwa. Using genetics and fossil records, we inferred that the ancestors of these lake-endemic Semisulcospira snails historically colonized the riverine habitats at least three times during the Middle Pleistocene. Each colonization resulted in the formation of a new lineage that was genetically and morphologically distinct from other lineages. Further, one of these colonizations was followed by hybridization with a cosmopolitan riverine species, which potentially facilitated the population persistence of the colonizers in the new environment. Despite their complex histories, all these colonizers were currently grouped within a single species, Semisulcospira kurodai, suggesting cryptic diversity in this species. This study highlights the significance of the riverine colonizations of the lake species to fully understand the diversification history of freshwater fauna in and around the ancient lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Morita
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502 Japan
| | - Takumi Saito
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Takeru Uechi
- Major in Environmental Management, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Naoto Sawada
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502 Japan.
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Angeler DG, Fried-Petersen HB. Parallels of quantum superposition in ecological models: from counterintuitive patterns to eco-evolutionary interpretations of cryptic species. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:15. [PMID: 38287267 PMCID: PMC10826053 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superposition, i.e. the ability of a particle (electron, photon) to occur in different states or positions simultaneously, is a hallmark in the subatomic world of quantum mechanics. Although counterintuitive at first sight, the quantum world has potential to inform macro-systems of people and nature. Using time series and spatial analysis of bird, phytoplankton and benthic invertebrate communities, this paper shows that superposition can occur analogously in redundancy analysis (RDA) frequently used by ecologists. RESULTS We show that within individual ecosystems single species can be associated simultaneously with different orthogonal axes in RDA models, which suggests that they operate in more than one niche spaces. We discuss this counterintuitive result in relation to the statistical and mathematical features of RDA and the recognized limitations with current traditional species concepts based on vegetative morphology. CONCLUSION We suggest that such "quantum weirdness" in the models is reconcilable with classical ecosystems logic when the focus of research shifts from morphological species to cryptic species that consist of genetically and ecologically differentiated subpopulations. We support our argument with theoretical discussions of eco-evolutionary interpretations that should become testable once suitable data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
- Brain Capital Alliance, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Hannah B Fried-Petersen
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
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11
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Chen WC, Mo YM, Lin L, Qin K. A new species of Odorrana Fei, Ye & Huang, 1990 (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) from central Guangxi, China with a discussion of the taxonomy of Odorrana (Bamburana). Zookeys 2024; 1190:131-152. [PMID: 38313454 PMCID: PMC10835719 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1190.109886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A new species of odorous frog, Odorranadamingshanensissp. nov., was found at the Damingshan National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China. This species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: medium body size (SVL 52.3-54.8 mm in males and 74.8-81.2 mm in females), sawtooth spinules on the upper lip, obtusely rounded snout that extends beyond the lower margin, distinct dorsolateral folds, horny tubercles on the rear of the back, presence of outer metatarsal tubercles, dilated nuptial pad with velvety spinules, distinct maxillary gland with tiny spines, and external lateral vocal sac. Through analysis of the 16S mitochondria gene, the new species is closely related to O.nasica and O.yentuensis, but the genetic divergence between the new species and the latter exceeds 7% (uncorrected p-distance). Currently, the new species is only known from its original discovery site. Furthermore, a discussion on the taxonomy of Odorrana (Bamburana) was conducted, identifying seven species within the subgenus Odorrana (Bamburana).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yun-Ming Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Li Lin
- Natural History Museum of Guangxi, Nanning 530012, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Damingshan National Nature Reserve of Guangxi, Wuming 530114, China
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12
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Fjelde MO, Timdal E, Haugan R, Bendiksby M. Paraphyly and cryptic diversity unveils unexpected challenges in the "naked lichens" (Calvitimela, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 190:107944. [PMID: 37844854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular phylogenetics has revolutionized the taxonomy of crustose lichens and revealed an extensive amount of cryptic diversity. Resolving the relationships between genera in the crustose lichen family Tephromelataceae has proven difficult and the taxon limits within the genus Calvitimela are only partly understood. In this study, we tested the monophyly of Calvitimela and investigated phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomic levels using an integrative taxonomic approach. We performed a global sampling of all species currently assigned to Calvitimela and conducted additional sampling of C. melaleuca sensu lato across Norway. We included 108 specimens and produced more than 300 sequences from five different loci (ITS, LSU, MCM7, mtSSU, TEF1-α). We inferred phylogenetic relationships and estimated divergence times in Calvitimela. Moreover, we analyzed chemical and morphological characters to test their diagnostic values in the genus. Our molecular phylogenetic results show evolutionarily old and deeply divergent lineages in Calvitimela. The morphological characters are overlapping between divergent subgenera within this genus. Chemical characters, however, are largely informative at the level of subgenera, but are often homoplastic at the species level. The subgenus Calvitimela is found to include four distinct genetic lineages. Detailed morphological examinations of C. melaleuca s. lat. reveal differences between taxa previously assumed to be morphologically cryptic. Furthermore, young evolutionary ages and signs of gene tree discordance indicate a recent divergence and possibly incomplete lineage sorting in the subgenus Calvitimela. Phylogenetic analysis and morphological observations revealed that C. austrochilensis and C. uniseptata are extraneous to Calvitimela (Tephromelataceae). We also found molecular evidence supporting C. septentrionalis being sister to C. cuprea. In the subgenus Severidea, one new grouping is recovered as a highly supported sister to C. aglaea. Lastly, two fertile specimens were found to be phylogenetically nested within the sorediate species C. cuprea. We discuss the need for an updated classification of Calvitimela and the evolution of cryptic species. Through generic circumscription and species delimitation we propose a practical taxonomy of Calvitimela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Osaland Fjelde
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway; Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316, Norway.
| | - Einar Timdal
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidar Haugan
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mika Bendiksby
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway; NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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13
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Jaramillo-Ortiz JM, Burrell C, Adeyemi O, Werling D, Blake DP. First detection and characterisation of Eimeria zaria in European chickens. Vet Parasitol 2023; 324:110068. [PMID: 37931476 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The global poultry industry has experienced dramatic growth in recent decades, increasing the significance of pathogens of chickens. Protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria can cause the disease coccidiosis, compromising animal health and welfare, and incurring significant annual costs. Seven Eimeria species have long been recognised to infect chickens, supplemented by three new candidate species first reported from Australia in 2007/8. Named Eimeria lata, Eimeria nagambie and Eimeria zaria, one or more of these new species have been reported in Australia, several countries in sub-Saharan Africa, India, Venezuela, and most recently the United States of America, but none have been detected in Europe. Here, a panel of 56 unvaccinated broiler chicken farms were sampled in the final week of production from France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, the Republic of Ireland, and the United Kingdom to assess the occurrence of all ten Eimeria species using specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Overall, 39 of 56 (69.6%) farms were found to host at least one species. Eimeria acervulina, E. tenella, and E. maxima were most common, with E. mitis and E. praecox also widespread. Eimeria necatrix was detected on one farm in France, while E. brunetti was not detected. Eimeria zaria was detected for the first time in Europe, appearing in Greece and Italy (one occurrence each). New primers were designed to confirm detection of E. zaria and provide template for phylogenetic comparison with the reference isolate from Australia. Detection of E. zaria in Europe reinforces the importance of integrated control for coccidiosis given the lack of protection induced by current anticoccidial vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Jaramillo-Ortiz
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Caela Burrell
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Oluwayomi Adeyemi
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Werling
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Damer P Blake
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, United Kingdom.
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Rodrigues BL, Brilhante AF, de Souza Pinto I, Galati EAB. Trichophoromyia auraensis: evidence for cryptic species and first record in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2933-2944. [PMID: 37773460 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Trichophoromyia auraensis (Mangabeira, 1942) (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) has a wide geographic distribution in the western region of the Amazon biome, where it is a putative Leishmania vector. Here, we reported for the first time a population of this species in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, in the eastern Amazon, from which we DNA-barcoded and compared with previously processed specimens from Acre State, in the western Amazon. For this, we analyzed the DNA barcoding fragment (658 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of Trichophoromyia species using phylogenetic gene trees, and species delimitation algorithms. The analyses of COI barcodes showed high values of genetic distance (mean K2P = 5.17) and well-supported clades/MOTUs for the eastern and western populations of T. auraensis, which may indicate a possible complex of cryptic species. The western population of this taxon merged with the close-related sand fly Trichophoromyia velezbernali Posada-López, Galvis and Galati, 2018 from Colombia, which may be associated with the recent speciation history and introgression between these populations. These evidences should be evaluated with a more comprehensive sampling in terms of analyzed populations and molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (FSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Israel de Souza Pinto
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará (IFPA), Itaituba, PA, Brasil
| | - Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (FSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (FSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Anantaprayoon N, Wonnapinij P, Kraichak E. Integrative approaches to a revision of the liverwort in genus Aneura (Aneuraceae, Marchantiophyta) from Thailand. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16284. [PMID: 37901454 PMCID: PMC10607200 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Aneura Dumort. is a simple thalloid liverwort with cosmopolitan distributions. Species circumscription is problematic in this genus due to a limited number of morphological traits. Two species are currently reported from Thailand, including A. maxima and A. pinguis. At the global scale, A. pinguis is considered a cryptic species, as the species contains several distinct genetic groups without clear morphological differentiation. At the same time, the identity of A. maxima remains unclear. In this work, we examined the level of diversity of Aneura species found in Thailand using both morphological and molecular data. Methods We measured the morphological traits and generated the molecular data (four markers: trnL-F, trnH-psbA, rbcL, and ITS2) from the Thai specimens. The concatenated dataset was then used to reconstruct phylogeny. Species delimitation with GMYC, bPTP, ASAP, and ABGD methods was performed to estimate the number of putative species within the genus. Results The samples of A. pinguis formed several clades, while A. maxima sequences from Poland were grouped in their clade and nested within another A. pinguis clade. We could not recover a sample of A. maxima from Thailand, even from the reported locality. Two putative species were detected among Thai Aneura samples. However, no morphological trait could distinguish the specimens from the two observed genetic groups. Discussion The previously observed paraphyletic nature of A. pinguis globally was also found among Thai samples, including several putative species. However, we could not confirm the identity of A. maxima from Thai specimens. The previous report could result from misidentification and problematic species circumscription within Aneura. The results highlighted the need to include multiple lines of evidence for the future taxonomic investigation of the group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ekaphan Kraichak
- Department of Botany, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Biodiversity Center, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Takenaka M, Yano K, Tojo K. Phylogeography of the true freshwater crab, Geothelphusa dehaani: Detected dual dispersal routes via land and sea. ZOOLOGY 2023; 160:126118. [PMID: 37683516 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2023.126118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal is an important factor that determines the potential for colonization to pioneer sites. Although most decapods employ seaward migration for reproduction with a planktonic larval phase, true freshwater crabs spend their entire life cycle in freshwater. Therefore, it is expected that genetic regionality can be easily detected. In this study, we focused on true freshwater crabs, Geothelphusa Stimpson, 1858. Herein, we reveal the evolutionary history and dispersal patterns of freshwater crustaceans. We collected and genetically analyzed 283 specimens at 138 localities across the Japanese Islands. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted on the combined dataset (mtDNA COI, 16S, and nDNA ITS1, histone H3 regions) and the data set based on the mtDNA COI region. The phylogenetic relationships detected 10 clades that were highly monophyletic. The highlights of this study were the discovery of several cryptic species or undescribed species, and the completely different heterogeneous dual dispersal pathways within a single species; i.e., both land and ocean routes. Although it was concluded that Japanese crabs are basically genetically divided by straits, strong evidence for dispersion via ocean currents was also detected (i.e., a "sweepstake"). It was also confirmed that Geothelphusa dehaani (White, 1847) could survive in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takenaka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Sugadairakogen 1278-294, Ueda 386-2204, Japan
| | - Koki Yano
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Division of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Okazaki 444-0867, Japan
| | - Koji Tojo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
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17
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Pramual P, Jumpato W, Adler PH. Fast-evolving nuclear genes as barcoding markers for black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Acta Trop 2023; 246:106988. [PMID: 37454710 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate identification is a prerequisite for the study of all aspects of species, particularly for pests and vectors. Black flies are economically significant blood-sucking insects, as many species are pests and vectors that transmit parasites to humans and other animals. We examined the efficiency of two fast-evolving nuclear genes, elongator complex protein 1 (ECP1) and big zinc finger (BZF), for identifying 13 nominal species in three species-groups of black flies, the Simulium multistriatum, S. striatum, and S. tuberosum groups, in Thailand where the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene has not been successful for differentiating many nominal species. ECP1 gene sequences were highly effective for identification, with >96% (181 of 188) of the specimens correctly identified. Unsuccessful identifications based on ECP1 were between S. nakhonense and S. chiangmaiense, which are members of the S. striatum species-group, whereas all identifications of nominal species of the S. multistriatum and S. tuberosum species-groups were successful. In contrast, BZF had successful rates for the S. striatum species-group, with >93% (71 of 76) of the specimens correctly identified. This gene also successfully assigned unknown larvae of the S. striatum group to species. Phylogenetic analyses and molecular species delimitations based on the BZF gene uncovered cryptic diversity in two nominal species, S. nakhonense and S. wangkwaiense, which will require resolution through further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pairot Pramual
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Jumpato
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0310, United States.
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Dimitriou AC, Soares Campos-Filho I, Georgiou A, Taiti S, Sfenthourakis S. Intra-island patterns of cryptic diversity within an oceanic island: Insights from the differentiation of Schizidium Verhoeff, 1901 (Oniscidea, Armadillidiidae) within Cyprus, with descriptions of two new species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 187:107884. [PMID: 37467903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cyprus is a Mediterranean island of volcanic origin isolated for at least 5.3 Myr from surrounding continental areas. The present study focuses on the diversification of the isopod genus Schizidium within the island, including also specimens from surrounding continental areas. The genus Schizidium sensu lato is probably non monophyletic, comprising 26 species distributed from Greece to Iran. Up to date the only representative of the genus reported from Cyprus was Schizidium fissum. Aiming to investigate the patterns of genetic diversity within the focal island, to evaluate the morphology-based taxonomy of the species in the genus, and at the same time to explore phylogenetic relationships with mainland populations, we applied genome-wide ddRADseq as well as Sanger sequencing targeting three mitochondrial (16S, COI and 12S) and the nuclear NaK loci. Results of phylogenetic analyses support the existence of two distinct epigean Schizidium clades with well-defined geographic boundaries that conform to the known paleogeography of Cyprus, plus one endogean clade with restricted distribution within the island. Genetic data and morphology corroborate the assignment of this latter endogean clade to a new species, Schizidium myrrae n. sp. The two epigean clades are also considered as distinct species, one corresponding to the known S. fissum at the eastern part of the island (Pentadaktylos massif) and the other to the newly described S. christosi n. sp. distributed along the western part of the island (Troodos massif). Even though detailed examination of many specimens could not retrieve any morphological differences among representatives of these two clades, clado-chronological analysis indicates a long isolation between them, estimated at ∼ 9 Mya, as well as the sharing of a common ancestor with S. tiberianum from Israel at ∼ 15 Mya. Hence, we can consider these epigean Schizidium species as one more case of cryptic diversity on Cyprus, exhibiting similar patterns with the recently described case in the genus Armadillo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas C Dimitriou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Panepistimiou Ave. 1, 2109 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | | | - Anastasia Georgiou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Panepistimiou Ave. 1, 2109 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Stefano Taiti
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Via Romana 17, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Spyros Sfenthourakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Panepistimiou Ave. 1, 2109 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Cutmore SC, Corner RD, Cribb TH. Morphological constraint obscures richness: a mitochondrial exploration of cryptic richness in Transversotrema (Trematoda: Transversotrematidae). Int J Parasitol 2023; 53:595-635. [PMID: 37488048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Species of Transversotrema Witenberg, 1944 (Transversotrematidae) occupy a unique ecological niche for the Trematoda, living externally under the scales of their teleost hosts. Previous studies of the genus have been impeded partly by limited variation in ribosomal DNA sequence data between closely related species and partly by a lack of morphometrically informative characters. Here, we assess richness of the tropical Indo-west Pacific species through parallel phylogenetic and morphometric analyses, generating cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial sequence data and morphometric data for hologenophore specimens from Australia, French Polynesia, Japan and Palau. These analyses demonstrate that molecular data provide the only reliable basis for species identification; host distribution, and to a lesser extent morphology, are useful for identifying just a few species of Transversotrema. We infer that a combination of morphological simplicity and infection site constraint has led to the group displaying exceptionally low morphological diversification. Phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial data broadly support previous systematic interpretations based on ribosomal data, but also demonstrate the presence of several morphologically and ecologically cryptic species. Ten new species are described, eight from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (Transversotrema chrysallis n. sp., Transversotrema daphnidis n. sp., Transversotrema enceladi n. sp., Transversotrema hyperionis n. sp., Transversotrema iapeti n. sp., Transversotrema rheae n. sp., Transversotrema tethyos n. sp., and Transversotrema titanis n. sp.) and two from off Japan (Transversotrema methones n. sp. and Transversotrema panos n. sp.). There are now 26 Transversotrema species known from Australian marine fishes, making it the richest trematode genus for the fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Cutmore
- Queensland Museum, Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
| | - Richard D Corner
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas H Cribb
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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DeCicco LH, DeRaad DA, Ostrow EN, Moyle RG. A complete species-level phylogeny of the Erythrura parrotfinches (Aves: Estrildidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 187:107883. [PMID: 37481145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Identifying species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among groups of closely related species provides a necessary framework for understanding how biodiversity evolves in natural systems. Here we present a complete phylogeny of the avian genus Erythrura (family Estrildidae) commonly known as parrotfinches, which includes species threatened by habitat loss and the pet trade. Using both mitogenome and reduced-representation genome-wide nuclear DNA sequence data, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of the group by sampling all 12 recognized species, four of which had not previously been studied in a phylogenetic context. We included intra-species geographic sampling that allowed us to comment on species limits in some taxa. We recovered the Gouldian Finch (Chloebia gouldiae) of Australia which has often been placed in the monotypic genus Chloebia, as being sister to a clade comprising all Erythrura species. In addition, we recovered a well-supported clade comprising eight species distributed throughout the Pacific Island eco-region, whereas those species occurring in continental southeast Asia, the Greater Sundas, and the Philippines, were recovered as earlier branching lineages. Of note was the early branching of the Fiji-endemic E. kleinschmidti which corroborates its unique phenotype. We also found a deep phylogenetic split (8.59% corrected, 7.89% uncorrected divergence in the mitochondrial gene ND2) between the Java and Philippine populations of E. hyperythra, indicating unrecognized species-level diversity within this taxon. In contrast, genome-wide nuclear data suggested that the New Guinea endemic species E. papuana is embedded within the widespread species E. trichroa in all phylogenetic reconstructions, corroborating previously published mitochondrial data that suggested a similar pattern. By generating a phylogenetic hypothesis for the relationships among all species of Erythrura parrotfinches, we provide a framework for better understanding the extant diversity and evolutionary history of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas H DeCicco
- Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Devon A DeRaad
- Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Emily N Ostrow
- Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Robert G Moyle
- Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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21
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Reyes-Puig JP, Urgilés-Merchán M, Franco-Mena D, Guayasamin JM, Batallas D, Reyes-Puig C. Two new species of terrestrial frogs of the Pristimantisgladiator complex (Anura, Strabomantidae) from the Ecuadorian Andes, with insights on their biogeography and skull morphology. Zookeys 2023; 1180:257-293. [PMID: 38312322 PMCID: PMC10838188 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1180.107333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The explosive diversity of rainfrogs (Pristimantis spp) reaches its highest levels in the mountains of the Tropical Andes, with remarkable cryptic species mainly in unexplored areas of Ecuador. Based on phylogenetics, morphometric traits, skull osteology and bioacoustics, we describe two new species of Pristimantis, previously confused with Pristimantisgladiator, that belong to the subgenus Trachyphrynus traditionally known as the Pristimantismyersi species group. The two new taxa are closely related, but have allopatric distributions. We discuss the importance of the Quijos and Pastaza River valleys in the diversification along Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Reyes-Puig
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Ecuador
- Fundación EcoMinga; Fundación Oscar Efrén Reyes, Departamento de Ambiente, Baños, Ecuador
| | | | - Daniela Franco-Mena
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Cumbayá, Ecuador
| | - Juan M. Guayasamin
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Cumbayá, Ecuador
| | - Diego Batallas
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Cumbayá, Ecuador
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Reyes-Puig
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Ecuador
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Cumbayá, Ecuador
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22
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Kabus J, Cunze S, Dombrowski A, Karaouzas I, Shumka S, Jourdan J. Uncovering the Grinnellian niche space of the cryptic species complex Gammarus roeselii. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15800. [PMID: 37551343 PMCID: PMC10404395 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of cryptic species complexes within morphologically established species comes with challenges in the classification and handling of these species. We hardly know to what extent species within a species complex differ ecologically. Such knowledge is essential to assess the vulnerability of individual genetic lineages in the face of global change. The abiotic conditions, i.e., the Grinnellian niche that a genetic lineage colonizes, provides insights into how diverse the ecological requirements of each evolutionary lineage are within a species complex. MATERIAL AND METHODS We sampled the cryptic species complex of the amphipod Gammarus roeselii from Central Germany to Greece and identified genetic lineages based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding. At the same time, we recorded various abiotic parameters and local pollution parameters using a series of in vitro assays to then characterize the Grinnellian niches of the morphospecies (i.e., Gammarus roeselii sensu lato) as well as each genetic lineage. Local pollution can be a significant factor explaining current and future distributions in times of increasing production and release of chemicals into surface waters. RESULTS We identified five spatially structured genetic lineages in our dataset that differed to varying degrees in their Grinnellian niche. In some cases, the niches were very similar despite the geographical separation of lineages, supporting the hypothesis of niche conservatism while being allopatrically separated. In other cases, we found a small niche that was clearly different from those of other genetic lineages. CONCLUSION The variable niches and overlaps of different dimensions make the G. roeselii species complex a promising model system to further study ecological, phenotypic and functional differentiation within this species complex. In general, our results show that the Grinnellian niches of genetically distinct molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) within a cryptic species complex can differ significantly between each other, calling for closer inspection of cryptic species in a conservational and biodiversity context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kabus
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sarah Cunze
- Department of Integrative Parasitology and Zoophysiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Dombrowski
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ioannis Karaouzas
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Spase Shumka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Jonas Jourdan
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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23
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Ameri S, Pappurajam L, Labeeb KA, Lakshmanan R, Ayyathurai KPV. The role of the Sunda shelf biogeographic barrier in the cryptic differentiation of Conus litteratus (Gastropoda: Conidae) across the Indo-Pacific region. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15534. [PMID: 37465149 PMCID: PMC10351507 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Geographical and oceanographic processes have influenced the speciation of marine organisms. Cone snails are marine mollusks that show high levels of endemism and a wide distributional range across the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Discontinuities in distributions caused by biogeographic barriers can affect genetic connectivity. Here we analysed the connectivity within Conus litteratus using samples from the Lakshadweep archipelago (Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean) and from the Pacific Ocean. Maximum likelihood analyses based on the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) and on the non-coding 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes revealed cryptic diversity within C. literatus occupying distinct oceanographic regions. The intraspecific genetic distances between the two distinct clades of C. literatus from the Arabian Sea and the Pacific Ocean ranged from 7.4% to 7.6% for COI and from 2.4% to 2.8% for 16S rRNA genes, which is larger than the threshold limit for interspecific differentiation. The haplotype network analysis also corroborated the existence of two different lineages within C. litteratus. The detected genetic discontinuities reflect the effect of the Sunda shelf biogeographic barrier on the allopatric divergence of C. litteratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Ameri
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
- School of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalore, India
| | | | - K. A. Labeeb
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
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24
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Abalde S, Crocetta F, Tenorio MJ, D'Aniello S, Fassio G, Rodríguez-Flores PC, Uribe JE, M L Afonso C, Oliverio M, Zardoya R. Hidden species diversity and mito-nuclear discordance within the Mediterranean cone snail, Lautoconus ventricosus. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107838. [PMID: 37286063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean cone snail, Lautoconus ventricosus, is currently considered a single species inhabiting the whole Mediterranean basin and the adjacent Atlantic coasts. Yet, no population genetic study has assessed its taxonomic status. Here, we collected 245 individuals from 75 localities throughout the Mediterranean Sea and used cox1 barcodes, complete mitochondrial genomes, and genome skims to test whether L. ventricosus represents a complex of cryptic species. The maximum likelihood phylogeny based on complete mitochondrial genomes recovered six main clades (hereby named blue, brown, green, orange, red, and violet) with sufficient sequence divergence to be considered putative species. On the other hand, phylogenomic analyses based on 437 nuclear genes only recovered four out of the six clades: blue and orange clades were thoroughly mixed and the brown one was not recovered. This mito-nuclear discordance revealed instances of incomplete lineage sorting and introgression, and may have caused important differences in the dating of main cladogenetic events. Species delimitation tests proposed the existence of at least three species: green, violet, and red+blue+orange (i.e., cyan). Green plus cyan (with sympatric distributions) and violet, had West and East Mediterranean distributions, respectively, mostly separated by the Siculo-Tunisian biogeographical barrier. Morphometric analyses of the shell using species hypotheses as factor and shell length as covariate showed that the discrimination power of the studied parameters was only 70.2%, reinforcing the cryptic nature of the uncovered species, and the importance of integrative taxonomic approaches considering morphology, ecology, biogeography, and mitochondrial and nuclear population genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Abalde
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fabio Crocetta
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, I-80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Manuel J Tenorio
- Departamento CMIM y Q. Inorgánica-INBIO, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, I-80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Fassio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Zoology-Viale dell'Università 32, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paula C Rodríguez-Flores
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - Juan E Uribe
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos M L Afonso
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005 - 139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco Oliverio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Zoology-Viale dell'Università 32, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rafael Zardoya
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Mongue AJ, Martin SH, Manweiler REV, Scullion H, Koehn JL, de Roode JC, Walters JR. Genome sequence of Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, an apicomplexan parasite of monarch butterflies: cryptic diversity and response to host-sequestered plant chemicals. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:278. [PMID: 37226080 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexa are ancient and diverse organisms which have been poorly characterized by modern genomics. To better understand the evolution and diversity of these single-celled eukaryotes, we sequenced the genome of Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, a parasite of monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus. We contextualize our newly generated resources within apicomplexan genomics before answering longstanding questions specific to this host-parasite system. To start, the genome is miniscule, totaling only 9 million bases and containing fewer than 3,000 genes, half the gene content of two other sequenced invertebrate-infecting apicomplexans, Porospora gigantea and Gregarina niphandrodes. We found that O. elektroscirrha shares different orthologs with each sequenced relative, suggesting the true set of universally conserved apicomplexan genes is very small indeed. Next, we show that sequencing data from other potential host butterflies can be used to diagnose infection status as well as to study diversity of parasite sequences. We recovered a similarly sized parasite genome from another butterfly, Danaus chrysippus, that was highly diverged from the O. elektroscirrha reference, possibly representing a distinct species. Using these two new genomes, we investigated potential evolutionary response by parasites to toxic phytochemicals their hosts ingest and sequester. Monarch butterflies are well-known to tolerate toxic cardenolides thanks to changes in the sequence of their Type II ATPase sodium pumps. We show that Ophryocystis completely lacks Type II or Type 4 sodium pumps, and related proteins PMCA calcium pumps show extreme sequence divergence compared to other Apicomplexa, demonstrating new avenues of research opened by genome sequencing of non-model Apicomplexa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Mongue
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Simon H Martin
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel E V Manweiler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
| | - Helena Scullion
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Jordyn L Koehn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
| | | | - James R Walters
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
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Mack JM, Klinth M, Martinsson S, Lu R, Stormer H, Hanington P, Proctor HC, Erséus C, Bely AE. Cryptic carnivores: Intercontinental sampling reveals extensive novel diversity in a genus of freshwater annelids. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 182:107748. [PMID: 36858082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater annelids are globally widespread in aquatic ecosystems, but their diversity is severely underestimated. Obvious morphological features to define taxa are sparse, and molecular phylogenetic analyses regularly discover cryptic diversity within taxa. Despite considerable phylogenetic work on certain clades, many groups of freshwater annelids remain poorly understood. Included among these are water nymph worms of the genus Chaetogaster (Clitellata: Tubificida: Naididae: Naidinae). These worms have diverged from the detritivorous diet of most oligochaetes to become more predatory and exist as omnivores, generalist predators, parasites, or symbionts on other invertebrates. Despite their unusual trophic ecology, the true diversity of Chaetogaster and the phylogenetic relationships within the genus are uncertain. Only three species are commonly referenced in the literature (Chaetogaster diaphanus, Chaetogaster limnaei, and Chaetogaster diastrophus), but additional species have been described and prior molecular data suggests that there is cryptic diversity within named species. To clarify the phylogenetic diversity of Chaetogaster, we generated the first molecular phylogeny of the genus using mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data from 128 worms collected primarily across North America and Europe. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the three commonly referenced species are a complex of 24 mostly cryptic species. In our dataset, Chaetogaster "diaphanus" is represented by two species, C. "limnaei" is represented by three species, and C. "diastrophus" is represented by 19 species. North American and European sequences are largely interspersed across the phylogeny, with four pairs of clades involving distinct North American and European sister groupings. Overall, our study demonstrates that the species diversity of Chaetogaster has been underestimated and that carnivory has evolved at least twice in the genus. Chaetogaster is being used as a model for symbiotic evolution and the loss of regenerative ability, and our study indicates that researchers must be careful to identify which species of Chaetogaster they are working with in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Mack
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Mårten Klinth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Svante Martinsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Robert Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Hannah Stormer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Patrick Hanington
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Heather C Proctor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Christer Erséus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
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Santamaria CA, Koch MR. Cryptic Genetic Diversity in the Coastal Isopod Alloniscus oahuensis from the Pacific Ocean. Zool Stud 2023; 62:e14. [PMID: 37223433 PMCID: PMC10201343 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2023.62-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The isopod sub-order Oniscidea includes over 3,700 species and is known to occur in all terrestrial environments, except those at extreme elevations and polar latitudes. Current estimates of the biodiversity of the Oniscidea may be underestimates, as recent molecular studies have uncovered high levels of cryptic diversity in several taxa in the sub-order. High levels of cryptic diversity have been found in coastal species, species from remote and isolated regions, and species with complex taxonomic histories. Alloniscus oahuensis is a good candidate to harbor cryptic diversity, as it is a coastal isopod species with a geographic range that spans several remote and isolated archipelagos in the Pacific Ocean and has a complex taxonomic history. In this study, we used sequences for three mitochondrial genes and one nuclear gene to determine whether A. oahuensis harbors highly divergent lineages that may represent cryptic species. By characterizing 60+ A. oahuensis individuals from 17 localities from various Pacific Ocean archipelagos, we uncovered two deeply divergent lineages with disjunct distributions. The levels of genetic divergence observed amongst the two lineages match or exceed those reported across other cryptic species in the Oniscidea, suggesting that A. oahuensis may represent a cryptic species complex in need of a taxonomic revision. The extremely low lineage diversities within A. oahuensis indicate that the lineages may have spread across the Pacific Ocean recently, potentially due to anthropogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Santamaria
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Health and Sciences, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL 33606, USA. E-mail: (Santamaria)
| | - Maddy R Koch
- Biology Program, College of Science and Mathematics, University of South Florida, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA. E-mail: (Koch)
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Bray RA, Cutmore SC, Cribb TH. Proposal of a new genus, Doorochen (Digenea: Lepocreadioidea), for reef-inhabiting members of the genus Postlepidapedon Zdzitowiecki, 1993. Parasitol Int 2023; 93:102710. [PMID: 36423873 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new genus, Doorochen n. gen., is erected for four species of Postlepidapedon Zdzitowiecki, 1993, all of which inhabit members of the labroid genus Choerodon Bleeker, the tuskfishes, and which molecular phylogenies have indicated are not congeneric with the type-species, P. opisthobifurcatum (Zdzitowiecki, 1990) Zdzitowiecki, 1993. Doorochen secundum (Durio & Manter, 1968) n. comb. from Choerodon graphicus (De Vis), the Graphic tuskfish, from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and New Caledonia is designated the type-species of the new genus. Other species recognised are Doorochen spissum (Bray, Cribb & Barker, 1997) n. comb. from C. venustus (De Vis), the Venus tuskfish, C. cyanodus (Richardson), the Blue tuskfish, and C. graphicus from the GBR; D. uberis (Bray, Cribb & Barker, 1997) n. comb. from C. schoenleinii (Valenciennes), the Blackspot tuskfish, and C. venustus from the GBR and Moreton Bay; and D. philippinense (Machida, 2004) n. comb. from C. anchorago (Bloch), the Orange-dotted tuskfish, from Philippine waters. In addition to these four species, two new species are described: D. zdzitowieckii n. sp. from C. fasciatus (Günther), the Harlequin tuskfish, and C. graphicus from the GBR; and D. goorchana n. sp. from C. anchorago from the GBR and Palau. The genus Postlepidapedon is now considered to comprise just two species, P. opisthobifurcatum and P. quintum Bray & Cribb, 2001. The relationships of Doorochen, Postlepidapedon, Myzoxenus Manter, 1934 and Intusatrium Durio & Manter, 1968 in the family Lepidapedidae Yamaguti, 1958 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Bray
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Scott C Cutmore
- Queensland Museum, Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Thomas H Cribb
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Hill EC, Jarman MJ, Fraser CJ, Gao DF, Henry ER, Fisher AR, Iova B, Allison A, Butler MA. Molecular and phylogenetic datasets for the Asterophryinae frogs of New Guinea with additional data on lifestyle, geography, and elevation. Data Brief 2023; 47:108987. [PMID: 36875215 PMCID: PMC9974435 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.108987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The data provided here are related to the article "Resolving the Deep Phylogeny: Implications for Early Adaptive Radiation, Cryptic, and Present-day Ecological Diversity of Papuan Microhylid Frogs" [1]. The dataset is based on 233 tissue samples of the subfamily Asteroprhyinae, with representatives from all recognized genera, in addition to three outgroup taxa. The sequence dataset contains over 2400 characters per sample for five genes: three nuclear (Seventh in Absentia (SIA), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Sodium Calcium Exchange subunit-1 (NXC-1)), and two mitochondrial loci (Cytochrome oxidase b (CYTB), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4)); and is 99% complete. New primers were designed for all loci and accession numbers for the raw sequence data are provided. The sequences are used with geological time calibrations to produce time-calibrated Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic reconstructions using BEAST2 and IQ-TREE. Lifestyle data (arboreal, scansorial, terrestrial, fossorial, semi-aquatic) were collected from the literature and field notes and used to infer ancestral character states for each lineage. Collection location and elevation data were used to verify sites where multiple species or candidate species co-occur. All sequence data, alignments, and associated metadata (voucher specimen number, species identification, type locality status, global positioning system [GPS] coordinates, elevation, site with species list, and lifestyle) as well as the code to produce all analyses and figures are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Mary J Jarman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Claire J Fraser
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Diana F Gao
- University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94116, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Henry
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Allison R Fisher
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Bulisa Iova
- National Museum and Art Gallery, P. O. Box 5560 Boroko, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Marguerite A Butler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Bae S, Kim P, Yi CH. Biodiversity and spatial distribution of ascidian using environmental DNA metabarcoding. Mar Environ Res 2023; 185:105893. [PMID: 36689844 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring studies are necessary to understand the biodiversity of marine ecosystems and are useful for identifying and managing rare or invasive species. Because monitoring has traditionally relied only on visual surveys (e.g., trapping, netting, electrofishing, and SCUBA diving) with limited time and physical resources, environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is being applied as an efficient monitoring method. This study compared whether the eDNA metabarcoding technique can replace the traditional visual survey in an ascidian fauna study. We designed ascidian-specific primers and identified a clear gap (3.75%) by barcoding gap analysis. Then, we collected seawater samples for eDNA analysis during the summer (August-September) of 2021 at three sites (Mokpo, Yeosu, and Uljin) in South Korea. In the survey sites of this study, 25 species were observed through literature and visual survey, among which 9 species were detected by metabarcoding and 16 species were not detected. On the other hand, 10 species were detected only by metabarcoding, and one of them was identified as Pyura mirabilis, an unrecorded species in South Korea. This study succeeded in detecting cryptic or rare species with one seawater collection, which can be used to determine their unexplored habitat. Therefore, we conclude that monitoring using eDNA is more efficient than visual surveys for detecting rare or cryptic ascidian species. We also suggest that, when combined with traditional monitoring methods, it could be a tool to complement ascidian fauna studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjun Bae
- Department of Ecology and Conservation, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, 33662, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Philjae Kim
- Department of Biodiversity, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, 33662, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Yi
- Department of Ecology and Conservation, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, 33662, Republic of Korea.
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Aharon S, Ballesteros JA, Gainett G, Hawlena D, Sharma PP, Gavish-Regev E. In the land of the blind: Exceptional subterranean speciation of cryptic troglobitic spiders of the genus Tegenaria (Araneae: Agelenidae) in Israel. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 183:107705. [PMID: 36707009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Caves have long been recognized as a window into the mechanisms of diversification and convergent evolution, due to the unique conditions of isolation and life in the dark. These lead to adaptations and reduce dispersal and gene flow, resulting in high levels of speciation and endemism. The Israeli cave arachnofauna remains poorly known, but likely represents a rich assemblage. In a recent survey, we found troglophilic funnel-web spiders of the genus Tegenaria in 26 caves, present mostly at the cave entrance ecological zone. In addition, we identified at least 14 caves inhabited by troglobitic Tegenaria, which are present mostly in the twilight and dark ecological zones. Ten of the caves, located in the north and center of Israel, are inhabited by both troglophilic and troglobitic Tegenaria. These spiders bear superficial phenotypic similarities but differ in the levels of eye reduction and pigmentation. To test whether these taxa constitute separate species, as well as understand their relationships to epigean counterparts, we conducted a broad geographic sampling of cave-dwelling Tegenaria in Israel and Palestine, using morphological and molecular evidence. Counterintuitively, our results show that the troglobitic Tegenaria we studied are distantly related to the troglophilic Tegenaria found at each of the cave entrances we sampled. Moreover, seven new troglobitic species can be identified based on genetic differences, eye reduction level, and features of the female and male genitalia. Our COI analysis suggest that the Israeli troglobitic Tegenaria species are more closely related to eastern-Mediterranean congeners than to the local sympatric troglophile Tegenaria species, suggesting a complex biogeographic history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomi Aharon
- The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | | | - Guilherme Gainett
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Madison-Wisconsin, 441 Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dror Hawlena
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Prashant P Sharma
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Madison-Wisconsin, 441 Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Efrat Gavish-Regev
- The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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Jospin A, Chittaro Y, Bolt D, Demergès D, Gurcel K, Hensle J, Sanchez A, Praz C, Lucek K. Genomic evidence for three distinct species in the Erebia manto complex in Central Europe (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). CONSERV GENET 2023; 24:293-304. [PMID: 37187800 PMCID: PMC10175325 DOI: 10.1007/s10592-023-01501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A problem to implement conservation strategies is that in many cases recognized taxa are in fact complexes of several cryptic species. Failure to properly delineate species may lead to misplaced priorities or to inadequate conservation measures. One such species complex is the yellow-spotted ringlet Erebia manto, which comprises several phenotypically distinct lineages, whose degree of genomic isolation has so far not been assessed. Some of these lineages are geographically restricted and thus possibly represent distinct units with conservation priorities. Using several thousand nuclear genomic markers, we evaluated to which degree the bubastis lineage from the Alps and the vogesiaca lineage from the Vosges, are genetically isolated from the widespread manto lineage. Our results suggest that both lineages are genetically as strongly differentiated from manto as other taxonomically well separated sibling species in this genus from each other, supporting a delineation of bubastis and vogesiaca as independent species. Given the restricted and isolated range of vogesiaca as well as the disjunct distribution of bubastis, our findings have significant implication for future conservation efforts on these formerly cryptic species and highlight the need to investigate the genomic identity within species complexes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10592-023-01501-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Jospin
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - David Demergès
- Conservatoire d’espaces Naturels de Lorraine, 20 Chemin de L’école Des Xettes, 88400 Gérardmer, France
| | | | | | - Andreas Sanchez
- Info Fauna, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Praz
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Info Fauna, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Biodiversity Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Zhang J, Cong Q, Grishin NV. Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas. Insecta mundi 2023; 2023:0969. [PMID: 36713789 PMCID: PMC9880598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of whole genomic shotgun datasets, COI barcodes, morphology, and historical literature suggest that the following 13 butterfly species from the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in Texas, USA are distinct from their closest named relatives and therefore are described as new (type localities are given in parenthesis): Spicauda atelis Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., Mission), Urbanus (Urbanus) rickardi Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., nr. Madero), Urbanus (Urbanus) oplerorum Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., Mission/Madero), Telegonus tsongae Grishin, new species (Starr Co., Roma), Autochton caballo Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., 6 mi W of Hidalgo), Epargyreus fractigutta Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., McAllen), Aguna mcguirei Grishin, new species (Cameron Co., Brownsville), Polygonus pardus Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., McAllen), Arteurotia artistella Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., Mission), Heliopetes elonmuski Grishin, new species (Cameron Co., Boca Chica), Hesperia balcones Grishin, new species (Travis Co., Volente), Troyus fabulosus Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., Peñitas), and Lerema ochrius Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., nr. Relampago). Most of these species are known in the US almost exclusively from the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas. Nine of the holotypes were collected in 1971-1975, a banner period for butterfly species newly recorded from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas; five of them collected by William W. McGuire, and one by Nadine M. McGuire. At the time, these new species have been recorded under the names of their close relatives. A Neotype is designated for Papilio fulminator Sepp, [1841] (Suriname). Lectotypes are designated for Goniurus teleus Hübner, 1821 (unknown, likely in South America), Goniloba azul Reakirt, [1867] (Mexico: Veracruz) and Eudamus misitra Plötz, 1881 (Mexico). Several taxonomic changes are proposed. The following taxa are species (not subspecies): Spicauda zalanthus (Plötz, 1880), reinstated status (not Spicauda teleus (Hübner, 1821)), Telegonus fulminator (Sepp, [1841]), reinstated status (not Telegonus fulgerator (Walch, 1775), Telegonus misitra (Plötz, 1881), reinstated status (not Telegonus azul (Reakirt, [1867])), Autochton reducta (Mabille and Boullet, 1919), new status (not Autochton potrillo (Lucas, 1857)), Epargyreus gaumeri Godman and Salvin, 1893, reinstated status (not Epargyreus clavicornis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), and Polygonus punctus E. Bell and W. Comstock, 1948, new status (not Polygonus savigny (Latreille, [1824])). Urbanus ehakernae Burns, 2014 and Epargyreus socus chota Evans, 1952 are junior subjective synonyms of Urbanus alva Evans, 1952 and Epargyreus clavicornis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869), respectively, and Epargyreus gaumeri tenda Evans, 1955, new combination is not a subspecies of E. clavicornis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8816 USA
| | - Qian Cong
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8816 USA
| | - Nick V. Grishin
- Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9050 USA
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Verrett TB, Webala PW, Patterson BD, Dick CW. Remarkably low host specificity in the bat fly Penicillidia fulvida (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) as assessed by mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S sequence data. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:392. [PMID: 36303252 PMCID: PMC9607801 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recognition and delineation of morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species can have broad implications for wildlife conservation, disease ecology and accurate estimates of biodiversity. Parasites are intriguing in the study of cryptic speciation because unique evolutionary pressures and diversifying factors are generated by ecological characteristics of host-parasite relationships, including host specificity. Bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) are obligate, hematophagous ectoparasites of bats that generally exhibit high host specificity. One rare exception is Penicillidia fulvida (Diptera: Nycteribiidae), an African bat fly found in association with many phylogenetically distant hosts. One explanation for P. fulvida's extreme polyxeny is that it may represent a complex of host-specific yet cryptic species, an increasingly common finding in molecular genetic studies of supposed generalist parasites. METHODS A total of 65 P. fulvida specimens were collected at 14 localities across Kenya, from bat species representing six bat families. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences were obtained from 59 specimens and used to construct Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenies. Analysis of molecular variance was used to determine how genetic variation in P. fulvida was allocated among host taxa. RESULTS The 28S rRNA sequences studied were invariant within P. fulvida. Some genetic structure was present in the COI sequence data, but this could be more parsimoniously explained by geography than host family. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the status of P. fulvida as a rare example of a single bat fly species with primary host associations spanning multiple bat families. Gene flow among P. fulvida utilizing different host species may be promoted by polyspecific roosting behavior in bats, and host preference may also be malleable based on bat assemblages occupying shared roosts. The proclivity of generalist parasites to switch hosts makes them more likely to vector or opportunistically transmit pathogens across host species boundaries. Consequently, the presence of polyxenous bat flies is an important consideration to disease ecology as bat flies become increasingly known to be associated with bat pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B. Verrett
- grid.268184.10000 0001 2286 2224Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA
| | - Paul W. Webala
- grid.449040.d0000 0004 0460 0871Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, 20500 Kenya
| | - Bruce D. Patterson
- grid.299784.90000 0001 0476 8496Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605 USA
| | - Carl W. Dick
- grid.268184.10000 0001 2286 2224Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA ,grid.299784.90000 0001 0476 8496Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605 USA
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Martinez E, Leon R, Mihalca AD, Dujardin JP, Le Pont F. Morphological description of Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) veintemillasi n. sp., a new sand fly species from the sub-Andean region of Bolivia. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:327. [PMID: 36123736 PMCID: PMC9484205 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most sand fly species are located in the Americas; some act as vectors of leishmaniasis and other human diseases. In Bolivia, about 25% of Neotropical species have been identified, and only a few have been implicated as vectors of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. A new species of anthropophilic sand fly from the sub-Andean region of Alto Beni is described herein. Methods A large systematic entomological survey was carried out in a subtropical humid forest located in the Marimonos mountain range, at around 900 m altitude, in the municipality of Palos Blancos, Sud Yungas Province, Department of La Paz, Bolivia. Sand flies were captured over a period of 26 months between January 1982 and February 1984, at the ground and canopy level, using both CDC light traps and protected human bait. A total of 24,730 sand flies were collected on the ground, distributed in 16 species, and 3259 in the canopy, with eight species. One of these species was labeled as Pintomia (Pifanomyia) nevesi, although certain morphological features allowed us to doubt that it was that taxon. To define the identity of this sand fly, a re-evaluation (this work) was recently carried out through morphological analyses and measurements of the available specimens mounted on Euparal, previously labeled as Pi. (Pif.) nevesi. Results Based on the morphological traits and measurements, the re-evaluated specimens were definitively identified as a new sand fly species, Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) veintemillasi, closely related to Pi. (Pif.) nevesi and Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) maranonensis within the Evansi series. This new sand fly was the third most numerous anthropophilic species at the floor (6.2%) and the second most numerous anthropophilic at the canopy (35.1%). Conclusions A new anthropophilic sand fly species is described as Pi. (Pif.) veintemillasi n. sp. This sand fly species was caught at about 900 m altitude in the Marimonos mountain range, a highly endemic area for cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Therefore, this species could be involved in the leishmaniasis transmission in the sub-Andean foothills of Alto Beni, Department of La Paz, Bolivia. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Martinez
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud y Desarrollo, IINSAD; Cátedra de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Renato Leon
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica & Medicina Tropical LEMMT, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbayá, 150157, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrei Daniel Mihalca
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Souissi A, Besnard AL, Evanno G. A SNP marker to discriminate the european brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri), river lamprey (L. fluviatilis) and their hybrids. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10115-10119. [PMID: 36057877 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European River lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis and the brook lamprey L. planeri are two closely related species that are also considered as partially reproductively isolated ecotypes. At the larval stage, they cannot be distinguished morphologically or genetically by mitochondrial DNA. We aimed at developing a molecular tool to identify early life stages of L. fluviatilis and L. planeri. METHODS AND RESULTS We first identified Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers with distinct alleles between L. fluviatilis and L. planeri based on RADseq data from 186 individuals collected in France. Then, we developed a quantitative PCR protocol to genotype a species-specific SNP, which was tested on 270 samples including larvae and adults from both species and 17 sites from Western Europe. Results were consistent with morphological identification in all cases except for samples from the Rhône drainage and the Loch Lomond in Scotland. CONCLUSIONS This marker allows the identification of larval stages of L. fluviatilis, L. planeri as well as hybrids. The two cases where the marker was not diagnostic might be explained by an isolated and distinct L. planeri lineage in the Rhône drainage, and high levels of admixture among L. fluviatilis, L. planeri and the lake-parasitic form in Loch Lomond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Souissi
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, Institut Agro, IFREMER, Rennes, France.
| | - Anne-Laure Besnard
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, Institut Agro, IFREMER, Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Evanno
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, Institut Agro, IFREMER, Rennes, France
- Management of Diadromous Fish in their Environment, OFB, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Rennes, France
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Hill EC, Fraser CJ, Gao DF, Jarman MJ, Henry ER, Iova B, Allison A, Butler MA. Resolving the deep phylogeny: Implications for early adaptive radiation, cryptic, and present-day ecological diversity of Papuan microhylid frogs. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 177:107618. [PMID: 36031107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The microhylid frogs of the New Guinea region are the largest and most ecologically diverse subfamily (Asterophryinae) of one of the largest anuran families in the world and can live in communities of up to 20 species. While there has been recent progress in resolving the phylogenetic relationships of Asterophryinae, significant uncertainties remain, impeding further progress in understanding the evolution of microhabitat use, parental care, and life history variation in this group. In particular, the early divergences at the base of the tree remain unclear; as does the monophyly of some genera; and recent studies have discovered that species with wide geographic distribution are instead cryptic species complexes. In this study, we fortified geographic sampling of the largest previous phylogenetic effort by sequencing an additional 62 taxa and increased data quality and quantity by adding new layers of data vetting and by filling in previously incomplete loci to the five gene dataset (2 mitochondrial, 3 nuclear protein-coding genes) to obtain a dataset that is now 99% complete in over 2400 characters for 233 samples (205 taxa) of Asterophryinae and 3 outgroup taxa, and analyzed microhabitat use data for these taxa from field data and data collected from the literature. Importantly, our sampling includes complete community complements at 19 sites as well as representatives at over 80 sites across New Guinea and its offshore islands. We present a highly resolved molecular phylogeny which, for the first time, has over 95% of nodes supported (84% highly supported) whether using Maximum Likelihood or Bayesian Inference, allowing clarification of all genera (whether monophyletic or clearly not), their sister genera relationships, as well as an age estimate for the Asterophryinae at approximately 20MYA. Early generic diversification occurring between 17 and 12 MYA gave rise to a surprising diversity of about 18 genera as well as the 5 putative microhabitat types. Our tree reveals extensive cryptic diversity calling any widespread taxa into doubt, and clearly demonstrates that complex multispecies communities of Asterophryinae are ecologically diverse, are numerous, and of ancient origin across New Guinea. We discuss the implications of our phylogeny for explaining the explosive diversification of Asterophryinae as the result of adaptive radiation, niche conservatism, and non-adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaií, Honolulu 96822, HI, USA.
| | - Claire J Fraser
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaií, Honolulu 96822, HI, USA.
| | - Diana F Gao
- University of San Francisco, San Francisco 94117, CA, USA
| | - Mary J Jarman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaií, Honolulu 96822, HI, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Henry
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaií, Honolulu 96822, HI, USA.
| | - Bulisa Iova
- National Museum and Art Gallery, P. O. Box 5560 Boroko, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea
| | - Allen Allison
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaií, Honolulu 96822, HI, USA; Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu 96817, HI, USA.
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Dimitriou AC, Antoniou A, Alexiou I, Poulakakis N, Parmakelis A, Sfenthourakis S. Diversification within an oceanic Mediterranean island: Insights from a terrestrial isopod. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 175:107585. [PMID: 35810970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding intra-island patterns of evolutionary divergence, including cases of cryptic diversity, is a crucial step towards deciphering speciation processes. Cyprus is an oceanic island isolated for at least 5.3 Mya from surrounding continental regions, while it remains unclear whether it was ever connected to the mainland, even during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. The terrestrial isopod species Armadillo officinalis, that is widespread across the Mediterranean, offers the opportunity to explore intra-island divergence patterns that might exhibit geographical structure related also to the region's known paleogeography. Genome-wide ddRADseq, as well as Sanger sequencing for four mitochondrial and three nuclear loci data were generated for this purpose. In total, 71 populations from Cyprus, neighbouring continental sites, i.e., Israel, Lebanon and Turkey, and other Mediterranean regions, i.e. Greece, Italy, and Tunisia, were included in the analysis. Phylogenetic reconstructions and population structure analyses support the existence of at least six genetically discrete groups across the study area. Five of these distinct genetic clades occur on Cyprus, four of which are endemic to the island and one is widely distributed along the circum-Mediterranean countries. The sixth clade is distributed in Israel. The closest evolutionary relationship of endemic Cypriot populations is with those from Israel, while the evolutionary clade that is present in countries all around the Mediterranean is very shallow. Cladochronological analyses date the origin of the species on the island at ∼6 Mya. Estimated f4 and D statistics as well as FST values indicate the genetic isolation between the populations sampled from Cyprus and surrounding continental areas, while there is evident gene flow among populations within the island. Species delimitation and population genetic metrics support the existence of three distinct taxonomic units across the study area, two of which occur on the island and correspond to the endemic clade and the widespread circum-Mediterranean one, respectively, while the third corresponds to Israel's clade. The islands' paleogeographic history and recent human activities seem to have shaped current patterns of genetic diversity in this group of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas C Dimitriou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, University Campus, 2109 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Aglaia Antoniou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Gournes Pediados, Irakleio, P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Alexiou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Poulakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knosos Avenue, Irakleio 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Irakleio 70013, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Parmakelis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Sfenthourakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, University Campus, 2109 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Sano I, Saito T, Ito S, Ye B, Uechi T, Seo T, Do VT, Kimura K, Hirano T, Yamazaki D, Shirai A, Kondo T, Miura O, Miyazaki JI, Chiba S. Resolving species-level diversity of Beringiana and Sinanodonta mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the Japanese archipelago using genome-wide data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 175:107563. [PMID: 35809852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accurate species identification is of primary importance in ecology and evolutionary biology. For a long time, the unionid mussels Beringiana and Sinanodonta have puzzled researchers trying to unravel their diversity because of their poorly discernible morphologies. A recent study conducted species delineation of unionid mussels based on mitochondrial DNA variation, opening up a new avenue to grasp species diversity of the mussels. However, mtDNA-based classification may not align with species boundaries because mtDNA is prone to introgression and incomplete lineage sorting that cause discordance between species affiliation and gene phylogeny. In this study, we evaluated the validity of the mtDNA-based classification of unionid mussels Beringiana and Sinanodonta in Japan using mitochondrial sequence data, double digest restriction site-associated DNA library (ddRAD) sequencing, and morphological data. We found significant inconsistencies in the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogenies, casting doubt on the reliability of the mtDNA-based classification in this group. In addition, nuclear DNA phylogeny revealed that there are at least two unionid lineages hidden in the mtDNA phylogeny. Although molecular dating technique indicates that Beringiana and Sinanodonta diverged >35 million years ago, their shell morphologies are often indistinguishable. Specifically, morphological analyses exhibited the parallel appearance of nearly identical ball-like shell forms in the two genera in Lake Biwa, which further complicates species identification and the morphological evolution of unionid mussels. Our study adds to a growing body of literature that accurate species identification of unionid mussels is difficult when using morphological characters alone. Although mtDNA-based classification is a simple and convenient way to classify unionid mussels, considerable caution is warranted for its application in ecological and evolutionary studies.
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Gagnon DK, Kasl EL, Preisser WC, Belden LK, Detwiler JT. Morphological and molecular characterization of Quinqueserialis (Digenea: Notocotylidae) species diversity in North America-CORRIGENDUM. Parasitology 2022; 149:1145. [PMID: 35593457 PMCID: PMC11010512 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fernandez-Pittol M, Alejo-Cancho I, Rubio-García E, Cardozo C, Puerta-Alcalde P, Moreno-García E, Garcia-Pouton N, Garrido M, Villanueva M, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Pitart C, Garcia-Vidal C, Marco F. Aspergillosis by cryptic Aspergillus species: A case series and review of the literature. Rev Iberoam Micol 2022; 39:44-49. [PMID: 35753971 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cryptic Aspegillus species are rare, these microorganisms are usually more resistant to common antifungal therapies. Therefore, a correct identification is important when evaluating the impact of such species in aspergillosis. AIMS We aimed to describe the frequency, clinical and microbiological characteristics, and the outcomes of those cases of aspergillosis caused by cryptic species in a tertiary hospital. METHODS We retrospectively identified all microbiologically documented cases of aspergillosis between January 2013 and December 2018. Definitive species identification of clinically significant isolates was achieved via sequencing methods. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were sequenced, and the results obtained were compared to sequences deposited in GenBank. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the Sensititre® YeastOne® panel. RESULTS A total of 679 Aspergillus isolates were recovered from 489 patients, of which 109 were clinically relevant. Ten (9.2%) isolates were identified as cryptic species: Aspergillus arcoverdensis (2), Aspergillus lentulus (2), Aspergillus ellipticus (2), Aspergillus alliaceus (1), Aspergillus nomius (1), Aspergillus tubingensis (1) and Aspergillus montevidensis (1). Most patients already suffered some type of immunosuppression. Half of these patients had required intensive care before the infection showed up, and most of them had a pulmonary infection. Mortality at the 100-day follow-up was 40%. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed on three of the isolates (A. arcoverdensis, A. tubingensis and A. nomius), which showed high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for azoles and amphotericin B. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of cryptic species in our centre was 9.2%. Most patients had some degree of immunosuppression, and the mortality rate was 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fernandez-Pittol
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Institute for Global health, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Elisa Rubio-García
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Institute for Global health, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Cardozo
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Puerta-Alcalde
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Moreno-García
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicole Garcia-Pouton
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Garrido
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Cristina Pitart
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Institute for Global health, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Garcia-Vidal
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Marco
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Institute for Global health, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Marcaida AJB, Nakao M, Fukutani K, Nishikawa K, Urabe M. Phylogeography of Rhabdias spp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) collected from Bufo species in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan including possible cryptic species. Parasitol Int 2022; 90:102612. [PMID: 35752226 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The genus Rhabdias Stiles & Hassall, 1905 comprises lung parasites of amphibians and reptiles worldwide. In Japan, 9 species have been recorded, including Rhabdias incerta Wilkie, 1930 which has been reported only in Bufo species. In this study, to assess the diversity of R. incerta, we performed molecular analyses of Rhabdias species sampled from three species/subspecies of Japanese toads namely Bufo japonicus, B. japonicus formosus, and B. torrenticola, collected in various regions of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. DNA sequence divergence was compared using mtDNA (COI) and nuclear DNA (28S) to identify possible cryptic species. Morphological analysis was performed through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that Bufo spp. serve as hosts for at least three Rhabdias species. Morphologically, most samples were identified as R. incerta but with a longer body and larger buccal cavity than originally described. Rhabdias incerta appears to be specific to the genus Bufo and is further subdivided into two or three phylogroups based on subspecies divisions and biogeography of their host. Some Rhabdias specimens collected in this study resemble R. tokyoensis Wilkie, 1930, parasitic in hosts from the order Caudata, which suggests host switching. Both molecular and morphological analyses suggested the presence of undescribed and cryptic Rhabdias species within toads collected in Japan. This study was the first to molecularly characterize Rhabdias species in Japan, including novel sequences of R. incerta and two undescribed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Jet B Marcaida
- Department of Environmental Dynamics, Graduate School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Minoru Nakao
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazumi Fukutani
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanto Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environmental Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Misako Urabe
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Faculty of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
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Liu M, Krock B, Yu R, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Ding G, Wang N, Zheng J, Gu H. Co-occurrence of Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) ribotypes from the Chinese and Malaysian coastal waters and their toxin production. Harmful Algae 2022; 115:102238. [PMID: 35623696 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The bloom-forming dinophyte Alexandrium minutum comprises biogeographic inferred, global and Pacific clades with both toxic and nontoxic strains reported. A. minutum has a wide distribution in the Western Pacific, but to date only a few strains have available DNA sequences. To fully understand its genetic diversity, sampling was undertaken from the Yellow Sea, the East and South China Sea, and five strains of A. minutum and two strains of its sister species, A. tamutum, were established. Their morphology was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, sequences were obtained from both large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA and/or internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Strains of A. minutum are morphologically indistinguishable, characterized by a smaller cell size and a narrow sixth precingular plate. In contrast, A. tamutum has a wider sixth precingular plate. High nucleotide divergences of LSU (D1-D3) rDNA and ITS were revealed amongst strains of A. minutum (10% and 25%, respectively), and A. tamutum (3% and 13%, respectively). Molecular phylogenies based on LSU rDNA and ITS revealed three ribotypes (B-D) of A. minutum, and two ribotypes of A. tamutum in the Western Pacific. Seasonal sampling in the East China Sea to detect A. minutum using the DNA metabarcoding targeting ITS1 region was also performed. Our results showed that the ribotypes B and C of A. minutum co-occurred in the water. Paralytic shellfish toxin (PSTs) of all seven strains was analysed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). PSTs were detected only in A. minutum ribotypes B and C with predominance of gonyautoxins 1/4. Our results suggest high diversity and risk potential of this toxic species in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlu Liu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, D-27570 Germany
| | - Rencheng Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Guangmao Ding
- Fishery Resources Monitoring Center of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Na Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Maltseva AL, Lobov AA, Pavlova PA, Panova M, Gafarova ER, Marques JP, Danilov LG, Granovitch AI. Orphan gene in Littorina: An unexpected role of symbionts in the host evolution. Gene 2022; 824:146389. [PMID: 35257790 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of reproductive isolation between closely related sympatric species are of high evolutionary significance as they may function as initial drivers of speciation and protect species integrity afterwards. Proteins involved in the establishment of reproductive barriers often evolve fast and may be key players in cessation of gene flow between the incipient species. The five Atlantic Littorina (Neritrema) species represent a notable example of recent radiation. The geographic ranges of these young species largely overlap and the mechanisms of reproductive isolation are poorly understood. In this study, we performed a detailed analysis of the reproductive protein LOSP, previously identified in Littorina. We showed that this protein is evolutionary young and taxonomically restricted to the genus Littorina. It has high sequence variation both within and between Littorina species, which is compatible with its presumable role in the reproductive isolation. The strongest differences in the LOSP structure were detected between Littorina subgenera with distinctive repetitive motifs present exclusively in the Neritrema species, but not in L. littorea. Moreover, the sequence of these repetitive structural elements demonstrates a high homology with genetic elements of bacteria, identified as components of Littorina associated microbiomes. We suggest that these elements were acquired from a symbiotic bacterial donor via horizontal genetic transfer (HGT), which is indirectly confirmed by the presence of multiple transposable elements in the LOSP flanking and intronic regions. Furthermore, we hypothesize that this HGT-driven evolutionary innovation promoted LOSP function in reproductive isolation, which might be one of the factors determining the intensive cladogenesis in the Littorina (Neritrema) lineage in contrast to the anagenesis in the L. littorea clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Maltseva
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - A A Lobov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - P A Pavlova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Panova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia; Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E R Gafarova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - J P Marques
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - L G Danilov
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A I Granovitch
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
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Yu JH, Zhang R, Liu QL, Wang FG, Yu XL, Dai XL, Liu YB, Yan YH. Ceratopteris chunii and Ceratopteris chingii (Pteridaceae), two new diploid species from China, based on morphological, cytological, and molecular data. Plant Divers 2022; 44:300-307. [PMID: 35769586 PMCID: PMC9209876 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how natural hybridization and polyploidizations originate in plants requires identifying potential diploid ancestors. However, cryptic plant species are widespread, particularly in Ceratopteris (Pteridaceae). Identifying Ceratopteris cryptic species with different polyploidy levels is a challenge because Ceratopteris spp. exhibit high degrees of phenotypic plasticity. Here, two new cryptic species of Ceratopteris, Ceratopteris chunii and Ceratopteris chingii, are described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that each of the new species form a well-supported clade. C. chunii and C. chingii are similar to Ceratopteris gaudichaudii var. vulgaris and C. pteridoides, respectively, but distinct from their relatives in the stipe, basal pinna of the sterile leaf or subelliptic shape of the fertile leaf, as well as the spore surface. In addition, chromosome studies indicate that C. chunii and C. chingii are both diploid. These findings will help us further understand the origin of Ceratopteris polyploids in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hao Yu
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Qiao-Ling Liu
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Fa-Guo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xun-Lin Yu
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Xi-Ling Dai
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yong-Bo Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yue-Hong Yan
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
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46
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Cruz DD, Arellano E. Molecular data confirm Triatoma pallidipennis Stål, 1872 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) as a novel cryptic species complex. Acta Trop 2022; 229:106382. [PMID: 35189124 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triatoma pallidipennis constitues one of the most important Chagas disease vector in Mexico. Previous studies based on molecular data suggest T. pallidipennis as a complex of cryptic species. For that reason, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of T. pallidipennis using DNA sequences from the mitochondrial ND4 gene and the ITS-2 gene. In addition, the divergence times were estimated, and possible new taxa were delimited with three species delimitation methods. Finally, genetic distances and possible connectivity routes based on shared haplotypes were obtained among the T. pallidipennis populations. Five haplogroups (possible cryptic species) were found, based on delimitation methods and genetic distances. Haplogroup divergence began about 3 Ma, in the Pleistocene. Moreover, none of the haplogroups showed potential connectivity routes between them, evidencing lack of gene flow. Our results suggest the existence of a new cryptic species complex within what is currently recognized as a T. pallidipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl D Cruz
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC), UAEM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Arellano
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC), UAEM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Di-Nizo CB, Suárez-Villota EY, Silva MJJ. Species limits and recent diversification of Cerradomys (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini) during the Pleistocene. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13011. [PMID: 35480563 PMCID: PMC9037131 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerradomys is a genus of the tribe Oryzomyini with eight species currently recognized, and a controversial taxonomy. These species are mainly distributed in the South America dry diagonal, but some species extend into Atlantic Forest, reaching the coastal sandy plains known as Restingas. This study aimed to address species limits and patterns of diversification of Cerradomys species. For this purpose, we performed cytogenetic and molecular analyses (phylogeny, coalescent species delimitation, barcoding, and divergence times estimation) using multiple mitochondrial and nuclear markers on a comprehensive sampling, representing all nominal taxa reported so far. Chromosomal information was a robust marker recognizing eight Cerradomys species. Reciprocal monophyly was recovered for all the species, except for C. subflavus. These results together with coalescent analyses recovered eight species as the most congruent species delimitation scenario for the genus (mean C tax : 0.72). Divergence time estimates revealed that Cerradomys' diversification occurred about 1.32 million years ago (Mya) during the Pleistocene. Although our results conservatively support the eight Cerradomys species described so far, different lines of evidence suggest that C. langguthi and C. subflavus could potentially be species-complexes. We discussed this scenario in the light of multiple evolutionary processes within and between species and populations, since Cerradomys comprises a species group with recent diversification affected by Pleistocene climatic changes and by the complex biogeographic history of South America dry diagonal. This work supports that the diversity of Cerradomys is underestimated and reiterates that interdisciplinary approaches are mandatory to identify small rodent species properly, and to unhide cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla B. Di-Nizo
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Research Museum A. Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elkin Y. Suárez-Villota
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de las Américas, Concepción, Chile
| | - Maria José J. Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Somoza-Valdeolmillos E, Gómez-Moliner BJ, Caro A, Chueca LJ, Martínez-Ortí A, Puente AI, Madeira MJ. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Chondrina (Gastropoda, Panpulmonata, Chondrinidae) in the Iberian Peninsula. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 172:107480. [PMID: 35452839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chondrina Reichenbach, 1828 is a highly diverse genus of terrestrial molluscs currently including 44 species with about 28 subspecific taxa. It is distributed through North Africa, central and southern Europe, from Portugal in the West to the Caucasus and Asia Minor in the East. Approximately 70% of the species are endemic to the Iberian Peninsula constituting its main center of speciation with 34 species. This genus includes many microendemic taxa, some of them not yet described, confined to limestone habitats (being strictly rock-dwelling species). They are distributed on rocky outcrops up to 2000 m.a.s.l. It is a genus of conical-fusiform snails that differ mainly in shell characters and in the number and position of teeth in their aperture. So far, molecular studies on Chondrina have been based exclusively on the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I region (COI). These studies gave a first view of the phylogeny of the genus but many inner nodes were not statistically supported. The main objective of the study is to obtain a better understanding of the phylogeny and systematics of the genus Chondrina on the Iberian Peninsula, using multilocus molecular analysis. Partial sequences of the COI and 16S rRNA genes, as well as of the nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1-5.8S) and Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (5.8S-ITS2-28S) were obtained from individuals of all the extant Chondrina species known from the Iberian Peninsula. In addition to this, the newly obtained COI sequences were combined with those previously published in the GenBank. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The reconstructed phylogenies showed high values of support for more recent branches and basal nodes. Moreover, molecular species delimitation allowed to better definethe studied species and check the presence of new taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Somoza-Valdeolmillos
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain.
| | - Benjamín J Gómez-Moliner
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain
| | - Amaia Caro
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain
| | - Luis J Chueca
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberg Nature Research Society, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alberto Martínez-Ortí
- Museu Valencià d'Història Natural, Apto. 8460, E-46018, Valencia and Universitat de València, Faculty of Pharmacy, Parasitology Departament, Burjassot, Valencia, (Spain)
| | - Ana I Puente
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48015 Leioa, Spain
| | - María J Madeira
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain
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Moura CJ, Ropa N, Magalhães BI, Gonçalves JM. Insight into the cryptic diversity and phylogeography of the peculiar fried egg jellyfish Phacellophora (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Ulmaridae). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13125. [PMID: 35382009 PMCID: PMC8977069 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The fried egg jellyfish Phacellophora camtschatica (senso lato) is a morphologically peculiar and conspicuous species occurring mostly in the cold waters of the North Pacific. It is less common in the cold waters of the NW Atlantic, and occasionally has been reported in the Mediterranean, Arctic, East and South Pacific, and E, SW and NE Atlantic. However, sightings of this scyphozoan jellyfish have intensified during the past two to three decades in Macaronesia, the Iberian Peninsula and the Mediterranean. These jellyfish are known to be voracious predators of other jellies, but also of other taxa, including fish of commercial interest. Therefore, Phacellophora aggregations may threaten local fisheries, aquaculture, and local biodiversity structuring. We report the first known occurrences of Phacellophora in the Azores Islands, which apparently become more frequent in recent years of the past decade. We confirm, through DNA barcoding of COI and 16S mitochondrial markers, the genetic identity of Phacellophora occurring in the Azores (NE Atlantic). We reveal, with COI sequence data, three (potentially four) cryptic species within the Phacellophora camtschatica complex. Two Phacellophora species co-occur in the North Pacific. In the North Atlantic (and possibly in the Mediterranean) one or two distinct species exist. Three nominal species of the genus that are currently synonymized, with type localities in the N Pacific, NW Atlantic, and the Mediterranean, need reassessment. The morphotypes previously defined for the four putative species names given for Phacellophora might be eventually differentiated by the number and disposition of the marginal lappets of umbrellae. This morphologic character has to be further inspected in vouchers of the four genetic lineages of Phacellophora, to decide between the description of new species, and the resurrection of junior synonyms through the designation of neotypes with DNA Barcodes, to validate the identity of the cryptic taxa detected. More haplotype sampling is necessary across the distribution of the genus to further investigate the genetic diversity and phylogeographic history of Phacellophora. The high genetic relatedness of Phacellophora from the cold NW Atlantic and the sub-tropical shores of the Azores, revealed by 16S and COI sequence data, suggests a recent invasion, in terms of geologic time, of the temperate waters of the NE Atlantic (and possibly of the Mediterranean). The medusivorous habits of Phacellophora, and especially its predation on the mauve stinger (Pelagia spp.) which frequently blooms in Macaronesia and Mediterranean waters, could relate to the recent reports of Phacellophora in the Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and the Mediterranean. More investment, including on scientific staff, is necessary to catalog, DNA barcode and monitor jellyfish dynamics more accurately worldwide.
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Cribb TH, Bray RA, Justine JL, Reimer J, Sasal P, Shirakashi S, Cutmore SC. A world of taxonomic pain: cryptic species, inexplicable host-specificity, and host-induced morphological variation among species of Bivesicula Yamaguti, 1934 (Trematoda: Bivesiculidae) from Indo-Pacific Holocentridae, Muraenidae and Serranidae. Parasitology 2022; 149:1-23. [PMID: 35357289 PMCID: PMC10090613 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomy of species of Bivesicula Yamaguti, 1934 is analysed for samples from holocentrid, muraenid and serranid fishes from Japan, Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia), the Great Barrier Reef (Queensland), New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Analysis of three genetic markers (cox1 mtDNA, ITS2 and 28S rDNA) identifies three strongly supported clades of species and suggests that Bivesicula as presently recognized is not monophyletic. On the basis of combined morphological, molecular and biological data, 10 species are distinguished of which five are proposed as new. Bivesicula Clade 1 comprises seven species of which three are effectively morphologically cryptic relative to each other; all seven infect serranids and four also infect holocentrids. Bivesicula Clade 2 comprises three species of which two are effectively morphologically cryptic relative to each other; all three infect serranids and one also infects a muraenid. Bivesicula Clade 3 comprises two known species from apogonids and a pomacentrid, and forms a clade with species of Paucivitellosus Coil, Reid & Kuntz, 1965 to the exclusion of other Bivesicula species. Taxonomy in this genus is made challenging by the combination of low resolving power of ribosomal markers, the existence of regional cox1 mtDNA populations, exceptional and unpredictable host-specificity and geographical distribution, and significant host-induced morphological variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Cribb
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Rodney A. Bray
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, LondonSW7 5BD, UK
| | - Jean-Lou Justine
- ISYEB, Institut de Systématique Évolution Biodiversité, UMR7205 MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, UPMC, Université des Antilles, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75005Paris, France
| | - James Reimer
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa903-0213, Japan
| | - Pierre Sasal
- CRIOBE, USR3278-EPHE/CNRS/UPVD/PSL, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860Perpignan, France
| | - Sho Shirakashi
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Kindai University, Shirahama 3153, Wakayama649-2211, Japan
| | - Scott C. Cutmore
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland4072, Australia
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