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Dixit NM, Guicking D. Exploring the evolutionary dynamics of myrmecophytism: Perspectives from the Southeast Asian Macaranga ant-plant symbiosis. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 194:108028. [PMID: 38342161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Myrmecophytic plants utilise defensive services offered by obligate ant partners nesting in their domatia in a novel means of survival in tropical habitats. Although much is known about the ecology of myrmecophytism, there aren't enough empirical examples to demonstrate whether it substantially influences evolutionary patterns in host plant lineages. In this study, we make use of the species-rich Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) ant-plant symbiosis distributed in the Southeast Asian Sundaland to delve into the evolutionary dynamics of myrmecophytism in host plants. We generated the most comprehensive dated phylogeny of myrmecophytic Macaranga till date using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). With this in hand, we traced the evolutionary history of myrmecophytism in Macaranga using parametric biogeography and ancestral state reconstruction. Diversification rate analysis methods were employed to determine if myrmecophytism enhanced diversification rates in the genus. Our results demonstrate that myrmecophytism is labile and easily lost. Ancestral state reconstruction supported a single origin of myrmecophytism in Macaranga ∼18 mya on Borneo followed by multiple losses. Diversification rate analysis methods did not yield sufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that myrmecophytism enhanced diversification rates in Macaranga; we found that topographical features on Borneo may have played a more direct role in the divergence of clades instead. Our study provides evidence that while the acquisition of domatia clearly functions as a key innovation that has enabled host plants to exploit the environment in novel ways, it may not necessarily enhance diversification rates. In fact, we hypothesise that overly specialised cases of myrmecophytism may even be an evolutionary dead end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadi M Dixit
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Daniela Guicking
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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2
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Silva FLD, de Medeiros BAS, Farrell BD. Once upon a fly: The biogeographical odyssey of Labrundinia (Chironomidae, Tanypodinae), an aquatic non-biting midge towards diversification. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 194:108025. [PMID: 38342160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Labrundinia is a highly recognizable lineage in the Pentaneurini tribe (Diptera, Chironomidae). The distinct predatory free-swimming larvae of this genus are typically present in unpolluted aquatic environments, such as small streams, ponds, lakes, and bays. They can be found on the bottom mud, clinging to rocks and wood, and dwelling among aquatic vegetation. Labrundinia has been extensively studied in ecological research and comprises 39 species, all but one of which has been described from regions outside the Palearctic. Earlier phylogenetic studies have suggested that the initial diversification of the genus likely occurred in the Neotropical Region, with its current presence in the Nearctic Region and southern South America being the result of subsequent dispersal events. Through the integration of molecular and morphological data in a calibrated phylogeny, we reveal a complex and nuanced evolutionary history for Labrundinia, providing insights into its biogeographical and diversification patterns. In this comprehensive study, we analyze a dataset containing 46 Labrundinia species, totaling 10,662 characters, consisting of 10,616 nucleotide sites and 46 morphological characters. The molecular data was generated mainly by anchored enrichment hybrid methods. Using this comprehensive dataset, we inferred the phylogeny of the group based on a total evidence matrix. Subsequently, we employed the generated tree for time calibration and further analysis of biogeography and diversification patterns. Our findings reveal multiple dispersal events out of the Neotropics, where the group originated in the late Cretaceous approximately 72 million years ago (69-78 Ma). We further reveal that the genus experienced an early burst of diversification rates during the Paleocene, which gradually decelerated towards the present-day. We also find that the Neotropics have played a pivotal role in the evolution of Labrundinia by serving as both a cradle and a museum. By "cradle," we mean that the region has been a hotspot for the origin and diversification of new Labrundinia lineages, while "museum" refers to the region's ability to preserve ancestral lineages over extended periods. In summary, our findings indicate that the Neotropics have been a key source of genetic diversity for Labrundinia, resulting in the development of distinctive adaptations and characteristics within the genus. This evidence highlights the crucial role that these regions have played in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of Labrundinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Laurindo da Silva
- Laboratory of Aquatic Insect Biodiversity and Ecology, Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
| | - Bruno A S de Medeiros
- Field Museum of Natural History, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Chicago, USA; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Brian D Farrell
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
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3
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Bruhn M, Obara M, Salam A, Costa B, Ziegler A, Waltl I, Pavlou A, Hoffmann M, Graalmann T, Pöhlmann S, Schambach A, Kalinke U. Diversification of the VH3-53 immunoglobulin gene segment by somatic hypermutation results in neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 virus variants. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2451056. [PMID: 38593351 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 induces re-circulating long-lived memory B cells (MBC) that, upon re-encounter with the pathogen, are induced to mount immunoglobulin responses. During convalescence, antibodies are subjected to affinity maturation, which enhances the antibody binding strength and generates new specificities that neutralize virus variants. Here, we performed a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of spike-specific B cells from a SARS-CoV-2 convalescent subject. After COVID-19 vaccination, matured infection-induced MBC underwent recall and differentiated into plasmablasts. Furthermore, the transcriptomic profiles of newly activated B cells transiently shifted toward the ones of atypical and CXCR3+ B cells and several B-cell clonotypes massively expanded. We expressed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from all B-cell clones from the largest clonotype that used the VH3-53 gene segment. The in vitro analysis revealed that some somatic hypermutations enhanced the neutralization breadth of mAbs in a putatively stochastic manner. Thus, somatic hypermutation of B-cell clonotypes generates an anticipatory memory that can neutralize new virus variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bruhn
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maureen Obara
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abdus Salam
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bibiana Costa
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annett Ziegler
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inken Waltl
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Pavlou
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Graalmann
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Junior Research Group for Translational Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Garoufalia Z, Bellato V, Cunha MF, Avellaneda N, Dudi-Venkata NN, Gallardo C, Meyer J, Zaffaroni G, Christensen P, Aytac E, Brady RRW, Pellino G. A narrative on diversity, equity, and inclusion in surgery: insights from the European Society of Coloproctology and identification of points for action. Updates Surg 2024; 76:529-537. [PMID: 38280108 PMCID: PMC10995079 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-023-01685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The focus of the 2022 European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) annual campaign was diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in surgery. The ESCP "Operation Equal Access" campaign sought to interview key-opinion leaders and trainees, to raise awareness on inequalities, inform the community of the status of the topic, and to identify future areas for improvement. The ESCP Social Media Working Group interviewed experts who have made significant contributions to DEI in colorectal surgery and were acknowledged opinion leaders in the field. The interviews focused on their career, professional life, experiences, and opportunities during their training, and their views on DEI in colorectal surgery. DEI principles, education, and values need further promotion to reduce and address bias within the profession and overall improve the experience of minority community including health professionals and patients. International Societies are working to facilitate training opportunities and overcome DEI, and networking have contributed to that. Collaborations between societies will be pivotal to contribute to offering research and leadership opportunities equally. Access to advanced workshops including cadaveric training and simulation can be consistently promoted and provided globally via societies through telemonitoring. Involving patients in research should be encouraged, as it brings the perspective of a living experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Garoufalia
- Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.
| | - Vittoria Bellato
- ESCP Social Media Committee Co-Chair, ESCP, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Unit, Università di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Gastroenterology Surgery Department, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Miguel F Cunha
- ESCP Social Media Committee Co-Chair, ESCP, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- Surgical Department, Algarve University Hospital, Portimão, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Avellaneda
- Nueva Proctologia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CEMIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Danish Cancer Society National Research Centre for Survivorship and Late Side Effect to Cancer in the Pelvic Organs, Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nagendra N Dudi-Venkata
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cristián Gallardo
- Servicio de Coloproctologia, Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jeremy Meyer
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland
- Medical School, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1205, Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Christensen
- Danish Cancer Society National Research Centre for Survivorship and Late Side Effect to Cancer in the Pelvic Organs, Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erman Aytac
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Atakent Hospital, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Instanbul, Turkey
- Incoming ESCP Communication Committee Chair, ESCP, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Richard R W Brady
- Newcastle Centre for Bowel Disease Research Group, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- ESCP Communication Committee Chair, ESCP, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Pellino
- Colorectal Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universitá Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
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Hasselwander M. Digital platforms' growth strategies and the rise of super apps. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25856. [PMID: 38434352 PMCID: PMC10907532 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Super apps allow users to access messaging, payments, e-commerce, deliveries, ridesharing, and many other services within the same app. While there are some very successful and dominant super apps in Asia such as WeChat, KakaoTalk, Alipay, or Grab, others, including Elon Musk with X (Twitter), are aiming to establish super apps in the U.S. and Europe. This explanatory study analyzes the super app phenomenon from a firm-level perspective. It provides preliminary insights on how digital platforms are reaching the super app status, and are evolving from single-purpose to multi-purpose apps. Using data from 380 platforms in the mobility sector, a regression model is estimated to understand which platforms are capable of pursuing a super app strategy: young, agile, and risk-taking firms. I also discuss the case of Uber to illustrate the motivations and the various growth strategies that are incrementally paving the way to becoming a super app. Finally, testable propositions and a conceptual model are forwarded to stimulate future research on this timely topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Hasselwander
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Transport Research, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Benson J, Tincher EM. Cost of Care, Access to Care, and Payment Options in Veterinary Practice. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:235-250. [PMID: 38057249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Accessing veterinary care is increasingly challenging for US pet families. Although there are many contributing factors, the cost of care presents the greatest challenge. This article explores the ways in which payment options, a spectrum of care approach, and the stratification of care might improve access to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Benson
- Nationwide® Mutual Insurance Company; Nationwide Insurance (Pet) PO Box 182965, Columbus, OH 43218, USA.
| | - Emily M Tincher
- Nationwide® Mutual Insurance Company; Nationwide Insurance (Pet) PO Box 182965, Columbus, OH 43218, USA
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7
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Alcon F, Albaladejo-García JA, Martínez-García V, Rossi ES, Blasi E, Lehtonen H, Martínez-Paz JM, Zabala JA. Cost benefit analysis of diversified farming systems across Europe: Incorporating non-market benefits of ecosystem services. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169272. [PMID: 38141994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Crop diversification can enhance farm economic sustainability while reducing the negative impact on the environment and ecosystem services related. Despite the market and non-market benefits of crop diversification, monocropping is a widely used dominant practice in Europe. In this context, this works aims to assess the overall economic impact of several crop diversification systems across Europe and compared it to the monocropping system. For this purpose, an economic valuation by integrating market and non-market values for eight case studies distributed across three different European pedoclimatic regions (Southern Mediterranean, Northern Mediterranean and Boreal) is proposed. The economic valuation was conducted both in the short and medium-long term. For the short-term we conducted a social gross margin analysis, while for the medium-long term a cost-benefit analysis is developed. The results show an improvement in social gross margins for most of the diversification scenarios assessed when environmental and socio-cultural benefits are considered in the short-term. In the medium and long-term the transformation of cropping towards a more diversified agriculture is encouraged by greater economic benefits. These results provide a first insight in global economic performance of diversified cropping systems, whose main contribution relies on the integration of market and non-market values of ecosystem services from crop diversification. They are expected to be useful for guiding policy makers to promote crop diversification practices as a key instrument for building resilience in farming systems for an adaptive management to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alcon
- Departamento de Economía de la Empresa, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jose A Albaladejo-García
- Departamento de Economía de la Empresa, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; Departamento de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Victor Martínez-García
- Departamento de Economía de la Empresa, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Eleonora S Rossi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo del Lellis snc, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Emanuele Blasi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo del Lellis snc, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Heikki Lehtonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, PL 2, 00791 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jose M Martínez-Paz
- Departamento de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose A Zabala
- Departamento de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Born DP, Lorentzen J, Björklund G, Stöggl T, Romann M. Variation vs. specialization: the dose-time-effect of technical and physiological variety in the development of elite swimmers. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:48. [PMID: 38355679 PMCID: PMC10865614 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is heavily discussed whether larger variety or specialization benefit elite performance at peak age. Therefore, this study aimed to determine technical (number of different swimming strokes) and physiological (number of different race distances) variety required to become an international-class swimmer (> 750 swimming points) based on 1'522'803 race results. RESULTS Correlation analyses showed lower technical variety in higher ranked swimmers (P < 0.001), yet with small effects (0.11-0.30). However, Poisson distribution revealed dose-time-effects and specified number of swimming strokes required during each age group. Specifically, freestyle swimmers showed highest chances when starting to compete in three to four swimming strokes but reduced their variety to three swimming strokes at the ages of 12/13yrs with another transition to two swimming strokes at the ages of 19/21yrs (female/male swimmers, respectively). Although both sexes showed similar specialization pattern throughout their career, earlier specialization was generally evident in female compared to male swimmers. At peak performance age, freestyle was most frequently combined with butterfly. Swimmers who either kept competing in all five swimming strokes or focused on only one at the beginning of their careers showed lowest probability of becoming an international-class swimmer. Physiological variety increased during junior age but declined again to three race distances towards elite age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis-Peter Born
- Swiss Swimming Federation, Section for High-Performance Sports, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for Elite Sport, Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, Hauptstrasse 247, 2532, Magglingen, Switzerland.
| | - Jenny Lorentzen
- Computing in Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Glenn Björklund
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Stöggl
- Red Bull Athlete Performance Center, Thalgau, Austria
| | - Michael Romann
- Department for Elite Sport, Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, Hauptstrasse 247, 2532, Magglingen, Switzerland
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Tapia HJ, Dávila P. Continuity and discontinuity in evolutionary processes with emphasis on plants. Biosystems 2024; 236:105108. [PMID: 38159673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The present work is aimed to review the concepts of continuity and discontinuity in the reproductive processes and their impact on the evolutionary outcome, emphasizing on the plant model. Let be stated that evolutionary changes need to pass down generation after generation through the cellular reproductive mechanisms, and these mechanisms can account for changes from single nucleotide to genome-wide mutations. Patterns of continuity and discontinuity in sexual and asexual species pose notorious differences as the involvement of the cellular genetic material from single or different individuals, the changes in the ploidy level, or the independence between nuclear and plastid genomes. One relevant aspect of the plant model is the open system for pollen donation, which can be driven from every male flower to every female flower in the neighborhood, as well as the facilitated seed dispersal patterns, that may break or restore the contact between populations. Three significative processes are distinguishable, syngenesis, anagenesis, and cladogenesis. The syngenesis refers to the reproduction between individuals, either if they pertain to the same species, from different populations or even from different species. The anagenesis refers to the pursuit of all the possible rearrangements of genes and alleles pooled in a population of individuals, and the cladogenesis represents the absence of reproduction that leads to differentiation. Recent developments on the genomic analysis of single cells, single chromosomes and fragments of homologous chromosomes could bring new insights into the processes of the evolution, in generational time and in a broad spectrum of spatial/geographic extents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector J Tapia
- Laboratorio de Recursos Naturales, UBIPRO, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, 54090, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Patricia Dávila
- Laboratorio de Recursos Naturales, UBIPRO, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
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10
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Kenneth David L, Wang J, Angel V, Luo M. Environmental commitments and Innovation in China's corporate landscape: An analysis of ESG governance strategies. J Environ Manage 2024; 349:119529. [PMID: 37951107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
This study delves into the nexus between corporate ESG commitments-with a spotlight on environmental considerations-and innovation trends in China's corporate sector, leveraging data from Bloomberg's extensive database encompassing over 5102 companies. Our objective was to discern if and how environmental components within the ESG framework serve as precursors to a company's innovative inclinations. Adopting a quantitative methodology, we employed Bayesian Linear Regression and Neural Networks to unearth patterns. Key findings reveal that companies with pronounced environmental commitments within their ESG strategies are not only more innovative but also align more closely with global sustainability benchmarks. Moreover, the role of transparent governance processes in bolstering innovation was evident, highlighting the significance of corporate accountability. The research further underscores the synergy between strategic diversification and innovation, suggesting that an optimal balance in diversification strategies augments a firm's innovative prowess. By integrating traditional accounting insights with cutting-edge data analytics, our study offers a holistic perspective on the environmental and financial ramifications of ESG-driven innovations. This research holds profound implications for academia, industry stakeholders, and policymakers, emphasizing the strategic role of environmental commitments in shaping sustainable and innovative corporate trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianling Wang
- School of Management, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Vanessa Angel
- Department of Accounting, West Chester University, United States.
| | - Meiling Luo
- Chongqing Technology and Business University, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, China.
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11
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Li QQ, Khasbagan, Zhang ZP, Wen J, Yu Y. Plastid phylogenomics of the tribe potentilleae (Rosaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 190:107961. [PMID: 37918684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The tribe Potentilleae comprises approximately 1700 species in 13 genera, making it one of the largest of the 16 tribes in Rosaceae. Our understanding of the composition and relationships among members of Potentilleae has advanced dramatically with the application of molecular markers in the last two decades. Yet there is still much work remaining toward a robust phylogenetic framework for the entire Potentilleae and a comprehensive genus-level dating framework for the tribe. The goals of the present study were to establish a phylogenetic framework for Potentilleae, infer the origin and diversification of the tribe using a temporal framework, and explore the taxonomic implications in light of the updated phylogenetic framework. We used the plastome sequences from 158 accessions representing 139 taxa covering all 13 recognized genera of the tribe to reconstruct the Potentilleae phylogeny. High phylogenetic resolution was recovered along the Potentilleae backbone. Two major clades were recovered within Potentilleae, corresponding to the two subtribes Fragariinae and Potentillinae. Within Fragariinae, two subclades were recovered. In one subclade, Sibbaldia sensu stricto is sister to a clade containing Sibbaldianthe, Comarum, Farinopsis, and Alchemilla sensu lato. In the other subclade, Fragaria is sister to a clade comprising Chamaerhodos, Chamaecallis, Drymocallis, Dasiphora, and Potaninia. Within Potentillinae, Argentina is sister to Potentilla sensu stricto. Within Potentilla sensu stricto, clade Himalaya is sister to Alba, and the Himalaya-Alba clade together is sister to a clade comprising Reptans, Potentilla ancistrifolia Bunge, Fragarioides, Ivesioid, and Argentea. Divergence time estimates indicated that tribe Potentilleae originated during the middle Eocene, and subtribes Fragariinae and Potentillinae diverged around the Eocene-Oligocene transition, and divergence times dated for Potentilleae genera ranged from the early Miocene to the late Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Qin Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, Inner Mongolia, China; Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Khasbagan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.
| | - Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Shi BY, Pan D, Zhang KQ, Gu TY, Yeo DCJ, Ng PKL, Cumberlidge N, Sun HY. Diversification of freshwater crabs on the sky islands in the Hengduan Mountains Region, China. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 190:107955. [PMID: 37898294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The numerous naturally-fragmented sky islands (SIs) in the Hengduan Mountains Region (HMR) of southwestern China constitute discontinuous landscapes where montane habitats are isolated by dry-hot valleys which have fostered exceptional species diversification and endemicity. However, studies documenting the crucial role of SI on the speciation dynamics of native freshwater organisms are scarce. Here we used a novel set of comprehensive genetic markers (24 nuclear DNA sequences and complete mitogenomes), morphological characters, and biogeographical information to reveal the evolutionary history and speciation mechanisms of a group of small-bodied montane potamids in the genus Tenuipotamon. Our results provide a robustly supported phylogeny, and suggest that the vicariance events of these montane crabs correlate well with the emergence of SIs due to the uplift of the HMR during the Late Oligocene. Furthermore, ancestrally, mountain ridges provided corridors for the dispersal of these montane crabs that led to the colonization of moist montane-specific habitats, aided by past climatic conditions that were the crucial determinants of their evolutionary history. The present results illustrated that the mechanisms isolating SIs are reinforced by the harsh-dry isolating climatic features of dry-hot valleys separating SIs and continue to affect local diversification. This offers insights into the causes of the high biodiversity and endemism shown by the freshwater crabs of the HMR-SIs in southwestern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yang Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Da Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Kang-Qin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tian-Yu Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Darren C J Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Republic of Singapore; Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377, Republic of Singapore
| | - Peter K L Ng
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377, Republic of Singapore
| | - Neil Cumberlidge
- Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI 49855, USA
| | - Hong-Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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13
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Takola E, Bonfanti J, Seppelt R, Beckmann M. An open-access global database of meta-analyses investigating yield and biodiversity responses to different management practices. Data Brief 2023; 51:109696. [PMID: 37965610 PMCID: PMC10641118 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We here present a database of evidence on the impact of agricultural management practices on biodiversity and yield. This database is the result of a systematic literature review, that aimed to identify meta-analyses that use as their response variables any measure of biodiversity and yield. After screening more than 1,086 titles and abstracts, we identified 33 relevant meta-analyses, from which we extracted the overall estimates, the subgroup estimates as well as all information related to them (effect size metric, taxonomic group, crop type etc.). We also extracted information relative to the empirical studies used for each meta-analysis and recorded the countries in which they took place and assessed the quality of each meta-analysis. Our dataset is publicly accessible and can be used for conducting second-order meta-analyses on the effect of management measures on species richness, taxon abundance, biomass and yields. It can also be used to create evidence maps on agriculture-related questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Takola
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - Jonathan Bonfanti
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ralf Seppelt
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- Institute of Geoscience & Geography, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Beckmann
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
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Herrando-Moraira S, Roquet C, Calleja JA, Chen YS, Fujikawa K, Galbany-Casals M, Garcia-Jacas N, Liu JQ, López-Alvarado J, López-Pujol J, Mandel JR, Mehregan I, Sáez L, Sennikov AN, Susanna A, Vilatersana R, Xu LS. Impact of the climatic changes in the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition on Irano-Turanian species. The radiation of genus Jurinea (Compositae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 189:107928. [PMID: 37714444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The Irano-Turanian region is one of the world's richest floristic regions and the centre of diversity for numerous xerophytic plant lineages. However, we still have limited knowledge on the timing of evolution and biogeographic history of its flora, and potential drivers of diversification remain underexplored. To fill this knowledge gap, we focus on the Eurasian genus Jurinea (ca. 200 species), one of the largest plant radiations that diversified in the region. We applied a macroevolutionary integrative approach to explicitly test diversification hypotheses and investigate the relative roles of geography vs. ecology and niche conservatism vs. niche lability in speciation processes. To do so, we gathered a sample comprising 77% of total genus richness and obtained data about (1) its phylogenetic history, recovering 502 nuclear loci sequences; (2) growth forms; (3) ecological niche, compiling data of 21 variables for more than 2500 occurrences; and (4) paleoclimatic conditions, to estimate climatic stability. Our results revealed that climate was a key factor in the evolutionary dynamics of Jurinea. The main diversification and biogeographic events that occurred during past climate changes, which led to colder and drier conditions, are the following: (1) the origin of the genus (10.7 Ma); (2) long-distance dispersals from the Iranian Plateau to adjacent regions (∼7-4 Ma); and (3) the diversification shift during Pliocene-Pleistocene Transition (ca. 3 Ma), when net diversification rate almost doubled. Our results supported the pre-adaptation hypothesis, i.e., the evolutionary success of Jurinea was linked to the retention of the ancestral niche adapted to aridity. Interestingly, the paleoclimatic analyses revealed that in the Iranian Plateau long-term climatic stability favoured old-lineage persistence, resulting in current high species richness of semi-arid and cold adapted clades; whereas moderate climate oscillations stimulated allopatric diversification in the lineages distributed in the Circumboreal region. In contrast, growth form lability and high niche disparity among closely related species in the Central Asian clade suggest adaptive radiation to mountain habitats. In sum, the radiation of Jurinea is the result of both adaptive and non-adaptive processes influenced by climatic, orogenic and ecological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Herrando-Moraira
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Roquet
- Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) - Associated Unit to CSIC, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Juan-Antonio Calleja
- Departament of Biology (Botany), Faculty of Sciences, Research Centre on Biodiversity and Global Change (CIBC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - You-Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Kazumi Fujikawa
- Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden, 4200-6, Godaisan, Kochi 781-8125, Japan
| | - Mercè Galbany-Casals
- Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) - Associated Unit to CSIC, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Núria Garcia-Jacas
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jian-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Javier López-Alvarado
- Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) - Associated Unit to CSIC, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi López-Pujol
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain; Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo (UEES), Samborondón 091650, Ecuador
| | - Jennifer R Mandel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biodiversity, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Iraj Mehregan
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Llorenç Sáez
- Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) - Associated Unit to CSIC, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alexander N Sennikov
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alfonso Susanna
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Vilatersana
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lian-Sheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Qin F, Xue T, Zhang X, Yang X, Yu J, Gadagkar SR, Yu S. Past climate cooling and orogenesis of the Hengduan Mountains have influenced the evolution of Impatiens sect. Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) in the Northern Hemisphere. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:600. [PMID: 38030965 PMCID: PMC10685625 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impatiens sect. Impatiens is distributed across the Northern Hemisphere and has diversified considerably, particularly within the Hengduan Mountains (HDM) in southwest China. Yet, the infra-sectional phylogenetic relationships are not well resolved, largely due to limited taxon sampling and an insufficient number of molecular markers. The evolutionary history of its diversification is also poorly understood. In this study, plastome data and the most complete sampling to date were used to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic framework for this section. The phylogeny was then used to investigate its biogeographical history and diversification patterns, specifically with the aim of understanding the role played by the HDM and past climatic changes in its diversification. RESULTS A stable phylogeny was reconstructed that strongly supported both the monophyly of the section and its division into seven major clades (Clades I-VII). Molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction suggest that sect. Impatiens originated in the HDM and Southeast China around 11.76 Ma, after which different lineages dispersed to Northwest China, temperate Eurasia, and North America, mainly during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. An intercontinental dispersal event from East Asia to western North America may have occurred via the Bering Land Bridge or Aleutian Islands. The diversification rate was high during its early history, especially with the HDM, but gradually decreased over time both within and outside the HDM. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the distribution pattern of species richness was strongly associated with elevation range, elevation, and mean annual temperature. Finally, ancestral niche analysis indicated that sect. Impatiens originated in a relatively cool, middle-elevation area. CONCLUSIONS We inferred the evolutionary history of sect. Impatiens based on a solid phylogenetic framework. The HDM was the primary source or pump of its diversity in the Northern Hemisphere. Orogeny and climate change may have also shaped its diversification rates, as a steady decrease in the diversification rate coincided with the uplift of the HDM and climate cooling. These findings provide insights into the distribution pattern of sect. Impatiens and other plants in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Tiantian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianghong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Sudhindra R Gadagkar
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
| | - Shengxiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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16
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Liu GM, Pan Q, Du J, Zhu PF, Liu WQ, Li ZH, Wang L, Hu CY, Dai YC, Zhang XX, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Li M, Wang PC, Wang X, Li M, Zhou XM. Improved mammalian family phylogeny using gap-rare multiple sequence alignment: A timetree of extant placentals and marsupials. Zool Res 2023; 44:1064-1079. [PMID: 37914522 PMCID: PMC10802097 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing of mammalian diversification in relation to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (KPg) mass extinction continues to be a subject of substantial debate. Previous studies have either focused on limited taxonomic samples with available whole-genome data or relied on short sequence alignments coupled with extensive species samples. In the present study, we improved an existing dataset from the landmark study of Meredith et al. (2011) by filling in missing fragments and further generated another dataset containing 120 taxa and 98 exonic markers. Using these two datasets, we then constructed phylogenies for extant mammalian families, providing improved resolution of many conflicting relationships. Moreover, the timetrees generated, which were calibrated using appropriate molecular clock models and multiple fossil records, indicated that the interordinal diversification of placental mammals initiated before the Late Cretaceous period. Additionally, intraordinal diversification of both extant placental and marsupial lineages accelerated after the KPg boundary, supporting the hypothesis that the availability of numerous vacant ecological niches subsequent to the mass extinction event facilitated rapid diversification. Thus, our results support a scenario of placental radiation characterized by both basal cladogenesis and active interordinal divergences spanning from the Late Cretaceous into the Paleogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping-Fen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zi-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chun-Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Chen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xu-Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail:
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17
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Scott JE. The macroevolutionary dynamics of activity pattern in mammals: Primates in context. J Hum Evol 2023; 184:103436. [PMID: 37741141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Activity pattern has played a prominent role in discussions of primate evolutionary history. Most primates are either diurnal or nocturnal, but a small number are active both diurnally and nocturnally. This pattern-cathemerality-also occurs at low frequency across mammals. Using a large sample of mammalian species, this study evaluates two macroevolutionary hypotheses proposed to explain why cathemerality is less common than diurnality and nocturnality: 1) that cathemeral lineages have higher extinction probabilities (differential diversification) and 2) that transitions out of cathemerality are more frequent, making it a less persistent state (differential state persistence). Rates of speciation, extinction, and transition between character states were estimated using hidden-rates models applied to a phylogenetic tree containing 3013 mammals classified by activity pattern. The models failed to detect consistent differences in diversification dynamics among activity patterns, but there is strong support for differential state persistence. Transition rates out of cathemerality tend to be much higher than transition rates out of nocturnality. Transition rates out of diurnality are similar to those for cathemerality in most clades, with two important exceptions: diurnality is unusually persistent in anthropoid primates and sciurid rodents. These two groups combine very low rates of transition out of diurnality with high speciation rates. This combination has no parallels among cathemeral lineages, explaining why diurnality has become more common than cathemerality in mammals. Similarly, the combination of rates found in anthropoids is sufficient to explain the low relative frequency of cathemerality in primates, making it unnecessary to appeal to high extinction probabilities in cathemeral lineages in this clade. These findings support the hypothesis that the distribution of activity patterns across mammals has been influenced primarily by differential state persistence, whereas the effect of differential diversification appears to have been more idiosyncratic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah E Scott
- Department of Medical Anatomical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
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18
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Ramsay G, Mosher A, Baker J. Is There Just One Type of Multisport Pathway? A Scoping Review of Multisport Engagement in Early Athlete Development. Sports Med Open 2023; 9:96. [PMID: 37851177 PMCID: PMC10584762 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Multisport engagement is positioned as the antithesis to specialization within youth development pathways. However, different terms are used to describe the multisport pathway, which may create confusion regarding what the pathway should look like. This review investigated all published research examining the multisport pathway, with a focus on terminology, and how different terms have led to varying interpretations of this research. Four databases were searched for all peer reviewed studies published up until December 2021. All included papers were full text, in English, and focusing on multisport athlete engagement. In total, 1974 abstracts were screened for inclusion eligibility, resulting in 82 articles included within this review. General results showed most studies are empirical (71%, n = 58) and looked at athlete development pathways using retrospective questionnaires aimed at investigating the specific pathway to sporting excellence. However, despite the consensus that multisport athletes play many sports in their lifetime, there is little investigation into when and the level of intensity (play versus practice) at which these sports are being played. Further, inconsistencies in the terminology used to describe this pathway have made it difficult to understand potential mechanisms that lead to any positive or negative effects. It is recommended that differences between the key terms of diversification and sampling are clarified and should not be regarded as synonymous as they may represent different paths within multisport development based on varying levels of intensity of play and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Ramsay
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Alexandra Mosher
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joseph Baker
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Reinar WB, Tørresen OK, Nederbragt AJ, Matschiner M, Jentoft S, Jakobsen KS. Teleost genomic repeat landscapes in light of diversification rates and ecology. Mob DNA 2023; 14:14. [PMID: 37789366 PMCID: PMC10546739 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-023-00302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive DNA make up a considerable fraction of most eukaryotic genomes. In fish, transposable element (TE) activity has coincided with rapid species diversification. Here, we annotated the repetitive content in 100 genome assemblies, covering the major branches of the diverse lineage of teleost fish. We investigated if TE content correlates with family level net diversification rates and found support for a weak negative correlation. Further, we demonstrated that TE proportion correlates with genome size, but not to the proportion of short tandem repeats (STRs), which implies independent evolutionary paths. Marine and freshwater fish had large differences in STR content, with the most extreme propagation detected in the genomes of codfish species and Atlantic herring. Such a high density of STRs is likely to increase the mutational load, which we propose could be counterbalanced by high fecundity as seen in codfishes and herring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ole K Tørresen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander J Nederbragt
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Matschiner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Natural History Museum, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sissel Jentoft
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Esmaeilpour Moghadam H. Can ETFs mitigate stock Co-movement? An analysis of an emerging market. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21048. [PMID: 37867869 PMCID: PMC10585388 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This research paper aims to examine the impact of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) on stock movements in Iran, particularly during periods of stability and turbulence. The study utilizes a sample of 38 active funds listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange that invest in stocks, covering the period from 2015Q4 to 2023Q2. The GMM panel regression method is used to analyze the data. The results indicate that ETFs in Iran decrease co-movement during stable markets, but increase it during turbulent times. This may have significant implications for ETF investors and market regulators, as higher stock volatility reduces the diversification benefits that ETFs offer. Market regulators should be vigilant of elevated levels of stock co-movement during periods of turmoil, particularly in emerging economies where financial markets are more vulnerable.
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21
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Berg H, Lan THP, Tam NT, Trang DH, Van PHT, Duc HN, Da CT. An ecological economic comparison between integrated rice-fish farming and rice monocultures with low and high dikes in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Ambio 2023; 52:1462-1474. [PMID: 37184622 PMCID: PMC10406997 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study makes an ecological economic comparison between three different rice farming strategies in the Mekong Delta. Interviews were made with 30 farmers with two crops of rice and low dikes (2RLd), 30 farmers with three crops of rice and high dikes (3RHd) and 18 farmers with two crops of rice and one crop of fish (2RF). 2RF farmers had the highest annual net income and benefit cost ratio, because of low production costs and high yields of rice and fish. 2RLd farmers had the lowest annual net income. 3RHd had the highest annual rice yield, but also used the highest amount of rice seeds and agrochemicals, generating the lowest benefit cost ratio. Most farmers (70%) preferred two crops because of a higher production efficiency. High dikes and frequent use of pesticides and fertilizers were seen to decrease the water and rice quality, connectivity and biodiversity in farms with three crops. It is concluded that rice farming with two crops, and especially if integrated with fish and applying IPM, provides a sustainable alternative to rice farming with three crops and high dikes, because it makes use of the high connectivity within the rice-field ecosystem for an efficient production of healthy food through increased recycling of nutrients and natural pest control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Berg
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thai Huynh Phuong Lan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, An Giang University, 18 Ung Van Khiem, Long Xuyen
City, An Giang 90000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Tam
- Faculty of Fishery, Nong Lam University, Block 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, HCM City, Vietnam
| | - Duong Huyen Trang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, An Giang University, 18 Ung Van Khiem, Long Xuyen
City, An Giang 90000 Vietnam
| | - Pham Huynh Thanh Van
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, An Giang University, 18 Ung Van Khiem, Long Xuyen
City, An Giang 90000 Vietnam
| | - Huynh Ngoc Duc
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, An Giang University, 18 Ung Van Khiem, Long Xuyen
City, An Giang 90000 Vietnam
| | - Chau Thi Da
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho street, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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22
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Ling YY, Xiang KL, Peng HW, Erst AS, Lian L, Zhao L, Jabbour F, Wang W. Biogeographic diversification of Actaea (Ranunculaceae): Insights into the historical assembly of deciduous broad-leaved forests in the Northern Hemisphere. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107870. [PMID: 37406952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The deciduous broad-leaved forests (DBLFs) cover large temperate and subtropical high-altitude regions in the Northern Hemisphere. They are home to rich biodiversity, especially to numerous endemic and relict species. However, we know little about how this vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere has developed through time. Here, we used Actaea (Ranunculaceae), an herbaceous genus almost exclusively growing in the understory of the Northern Hemisphere DBLFs, to shed light on the historical assembly of this biome in the Northern Hemisphere. We present a complete species-level phylogenetic analysis of Actaea based on five plastid and nuclear loci. Using the phylogenetic framework, we estimated divergence times, ancestral ranges, and diversification rates. Phylogenetic analyses strongly support Actaea as monophyletic. Sections Podocarpae and Oligocarpae compose a clade, sister to all other Actaea. The sister relationship between sections Chloranthae and Souliea is strongly supported. Section Dichanthera is not monophyletic unless section Cimicifuga is included. Actaea originated in East Asia, likely the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in the late Paleocene (c. 57 Ma), and subsequently dispersed into North America in the middle Eocene (c. 43 Ma) via the Thulean bridge. Actaea reached Europe twice, Japan twice, and Taiwan once, and all these five colonization events occurred in the late Miocene-early Pliocene, a period when sea level dropped. Actaea began to diversify at c. 43 Ma. The section-level diversification took place at c. 27-37 Ma and the species-level diversification experienced accelerations twice, which occurred at c. 15 Ma and c. 5 Ma, respectively. Our findings suggest that the Northern Hemisphere DBLFs might have risen in the middle Eocene and further diversified in the late Eocene-Oligocene, middle Miocene and early Pliocene, in association with climatic deterioration during these four periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun-Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Huan-Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Andrey S Erst
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya str. 101, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Lian Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Florian Jabbour
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris 75005, France
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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23
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Ben Amar A, Bouattour M, Bellalah M, Goutte S. Shift contagion and minimum causal intensity portfolio during the COVID-19 and the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. Financ Res Lett 2023; 55:103853. [PMID: 37305065 PMCID: PMC10081879 DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2023.103853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using the TYDL causality test, this paper attempts (i) to investigate the existence of shift contagion among a large spectrum of financial markets during recent stress and stress-free periods and (ii) to propose a new approach of portfolio management based on the minimization of the causal intensity. During the COVID-19 crisis period, the shift contagion analysis not only reveal a tripling of the causal links between the markets studied, but also a change in the causal structure. Beyond the initial impact of the COVID-19 crisis on financial markets, policy interventions seem to have helped in reassuring market participants that the further spread of financial stress would be mitigated. However, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, and the high degree of uncertainty it entailed, has again exacerbated the interdependencies between financial markets. In terms of portfolio analysis, our minimum-causal-intensity approach records a lower (respectively higher) reward-to-volatility ratio than the Markowitz (1952 & 1959) minimum-variance traditional approach during the pre-COVID-19 (respectively pre-war) period. On the other hand, both approaches, the one we propose in this paper and the minimum-variance approach, record negative reward-to-volatility ratios during crisis periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Ben Amar
- Africa Business School, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Makram Bellalah
- Laboratoire d'Economie, Finance, Management & Innovation - LEFMI [UR 4286], University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Stéphane Goutte
- UMI SOURCE, Paris-Saclay University & Paris School of Business (PSB), Paris, France
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24
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Moreira SG, Hoogenboom G, Nunes MR, Martin-Ryals AD, Sanchez PA. Circular agriculture increases food production and can reduce N fertilizer use of commercial farms for tropical environments. Sci Total Environ 2023; 879:163031. [PMID: 36972885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
World food production must increase in the coming years with minimal environmental impact for food and nutrition security. Circular Agriculture has emerged as an approach to minimize non-renewable resource depletion and encourage by-product reuse. The goal of this study was to evaluate Circular Agriculture as a tool to increase food production and N recovery. The assessment was conducted for two Brazilian farms (Farm 1; Farm 2) with Oxisols under no-till and a diversified cropping system, including five species of grain, three cover crop species, and sweet potato. Both farms implemented an annual two-crop rotation and an integrated crop-livestock system with beef cattle confined for 2-years. Grain and forage from the fields, leftovers from silos, and crop residues were used as cattle feed. Grain yield was 4.8 and 4.5 t ha-1 for soybean, 12.5 and 12.1 t ha-1 for maize, and 2.6 and 2.4 t ha-1 for common bean, for Farm 1 and Farm 2, respectively, which is higher than the national average. The animals gained 1.2 kg day-1 of live weight. Farm 1 exported 246 kg ha-1 year-1 of N in grains, tubers, and animals, while 216 kg ha-1 year-1 was added as fertilizer and N to cattle. Farm 2 exported 224 kg ha-1 year-1 in grain and animals, while 215 kg ha-1 year-1 was added as fertilizer and N to cattle. Circular practices, i.e., no-till, crop rotation, year-round soil covered, maize intercropped with brachiaria ruziziensis, biological N fixation, and crop-livestock integration, increased crop yield and decreased N application by 14.7 % (Farm 1) and 4.3 % (Farm 2). 85 % of the N consumed by the confined animals was excreted and converted into organic compost. Overall, circular practices associated with adequate crop management allowed recovering high rate of applied N, reducing environmental impacts, and increasing food production with lower production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvino G Moreira
- Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Av. Doutor Silvio Menicucci 1001, CEP 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; University of Florida, Global Food Systems Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Gerrit Hoogenboom
- University of Florida, Global Food Systems Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Marcio R Nunes
- University of Florida, Global Food Systems Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida, Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ana D Martin-Ryals
- University of Florida, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Pedro A Sanchez
- University of Florida, Global Food Systems Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida, Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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25
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Bucher M, Condamine FL, Luo Y, Wang M, Bourgoin T. Phylogeny and diversification of planthoppers (Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha) based on a comprehensive molecular dataset and large taxon sampling. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107862. [PMID: 37331454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the evolution of Fulgoromorpha (Insects, Hemiptera) has relied on molecular studies that have only considered either a limited number of taxa where all the families were not represented simultaneously, or a reduced number of genes.The absence of a global analysis comparing all the available data has thus led to significant biases in the analyzes, as evidenced by the incongruence of the results reported for planthopper phylogeny. Here we provide a phylogenetic and dating analysis of the Fulgoromorpha with a large sampling of 531 ingroup taxa, representing about 80% of the currently described suprageneric taxonomic diversity in this group. This study is based on most of the molecular sequences available to date and duly verified, for a set of nuclear and mitochondrial genes from a taxonomic sampling as complete as possible. The most significant results of our study are: (1) the unexpected paraphyly of Delphacidae whose Protodelphacida seem more related to Cixiidae than to other Delphacidae;(2) the group Meenoplidae-Kinnaridae recovered sister to the remaining Fulgoroidea families; (3) the early branching node of Tettigometridae sister of all the other families;(4) the Achilidae-Derbidae clade with Achilidae Plectoderini including Achilixiidae recovered as monophyletic as well as theFulgoridae-Dictyopharidae clade; and (5) the Tropiduchidae placed sister to the other so called 'higher' families (sec. Shcherbakov, 2006).Our divergence times analysis, calibrated with a set of duly verified fossils, suggests that the first diversification of planthoppers occurred in the Early Triassic around 240 Mya and those of the superfamilies Delphacoidea and Fulgoroidea in the Middle-Late Triassic around 210 Mya and 230 Mya, respectively. By the end of the Jurassic, all major planthopper lineages were originated, and all families, around 125 Mya, might havebeen driven in their distribution and evolution (in their first subfamilial divisions) by the geographical constraints of the Gondwanan break-up.Rapid evolutionary radiations occurred particularly in Fulgoridae around 125-130 Mya. Our results stress the importance of the good quality of the sequences used in the molecular analyzes and the primordial importance of a large sampling when analyzing the phylogeny of the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Bucher
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université-EPHE-Université des Antilles, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (ISEM), CNRS-Université de Montpellier-IRD-EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Yang Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Menglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
| | - Thierry Bourgoin
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université-EPHE-Université des Antilles, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
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26
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Vargas OM, Madriñán S, Simpson B. Allopatric speciation is more prevalent than parapatric ecological divergence in a recent high-Andean diversification ( Linochilus: Asteraceae). PeerJ 2023; 11:e15479. [PMID: 37312875 PMCID: PMC10259450 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating how species accumulate in diversity hotspots is an ongoing debate in evolutionary biology. The páramo, in the Northern Andes, has remarkably high indices of plant diversity, endemicity, and diversification rates. A hypothesis for explaining such indices is that allopatric speciation is high in the páramo given its island-like distribution. An alternative hypothesis is that the altitudinal gradient of the Andean topography provides a variety of niches that drive vertical parapatric ecological speciation. A formal test for evaluating the relative roles of allopatric and parapatric ecological speciation is lacking. The main aim of our study is to test which kind of speciation is more common in an endemic páramo genus. We developed a framework incorporating phylogenetics, species' distributions, and a morpho-ecological trait (leaf area) to compare sister species and infer whether allopatric or parapatric ecological divergence caused their speciation. We applied our framework to the species-rich genus Linochilus (63 spp.) and found that the majority of recent speciation events in it (12 events, 80%) have been driven by allopatric speciation, while a smaller fraction (one event, 6.7%) is attributed to parapatric ecological speciation; two pairs of sister species produced inconclusive results (13.3%). We conclude that páramo autochthonous (in-situ) diversification has been primarily driven by allopatric speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M. Vargas
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, CA, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Billie Turner Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Santiago Madriñán
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Andes, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Jardín Botánico de Cartagena, Turbaco, Bolívar, Colombia
| | - Beryl Simpson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Billie Turner Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Tseer T. Surviving violent conflicts and climate variability: An intersectional analysis of differentiated access to diversification resources among smallholder farmers in Kuka. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16389. [PMID: 37260908 PMCID: PMC10227341 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kuka, a sub-district in Shendam Local Government Area of Plateau State-Nigeria has been experiencing violent conflicts since 2001 amidst damning ecological stressors. Between 2001 to date, Shendam Local Government, to which Kuka belongs, has experienced 28 different violent conflicts which were fought largely along ethnic and religious lines. This has intersected with climate variability to generate various risk factors for smallholder farmers in Kuka prompting varied diversification processes. While issues of diversification among smallholder farmers have been well documented in critical literature on adaptation, the extent to which social and relational factors inform differentiated access to diversification resources among smallholder farmers in the specific region of Kuka, to the best knowledge of the researcher, has been least investigated. This study contributes to critical debate on farmers' adaptation strategies by arguing that social and relational factors of sex, age, gender, social capital, economic status, religion and ethnicity intersect to inform differentiated access to diversification resources prompting differentiated vulnerabilities to social and ecological stressors among smallholder farmers in Kuka. This was arrived at by integrating an explanatory sequential design of the mixed methods approach with the Theory of Access to develop questionnaires and interview guides which enabled the collection of field data from 330 participants. It was therefore, recommended that: (1) the relational and social mechanisms of access should be checked to reduce the alienation of smallholder farmers from access and use of community resources, (2) the traditional authorities should work with the various religious leaders to address discriminatory cultural and social practices that inform differentiated access to diversification resources among smallholder farmers, and (3) the people of kuka should engage in collective projects that would provide avenues for cross-cultural and inter-religious interactions bringing about an integration of all social groups and the consequent elimination of discriminatory social practices that inform differentiated treatment of community members.
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28
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Bhuiyan RA, Husain A, Zhang C. Diversification evidence of bitcoin and gold from wavelet analysis. Financ Innov 2023; 9:100. [PMID: 37275624 PMCID: PMC10232353 DOI: 10.1186/s40854-023-00495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To measure the diversification capability of Bitcoin, this study employs wavelet analysis to investigate the coherence of Bitcoin price with the equity markets of both the emerging and developed economies, considering the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent Russia-Ukraine war. The results based on the data from January 9, 2014 to May 31, 2022 reveal that compared with gold, Bitcoin consistently provides diversification opportunities with all six representative market indices examined, specifically under the normal market condition. In particular, for short-term horizons, Bitcoin shows favorably low correlation with each index for all years, whereas exception is observed for gold. In addition, diversification between Bitcoin and gold is demonstrated as well, mainly for short-term investments. However, the diversification benefit is conditional for both Bitcoin and gold under the recent pandemic and war crises. The findings remind investors and portfolio managers planning to incorporate Bitcoin into their portfolios as a diversification tool to be aware of the global geopolitical conditions and other uncertainty in considering their investment tools and durations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afzol Husain
- School of Business, Swinburne University of Technology, Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia
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29
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Yuan F, Su M, Li T, Zhang Y, Dietrich CH, Webb MD, Wei C. Functional and evolutionary implications of protein and metal content of leafhopper brochosomes. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 157:103962. [PMID: 37178742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Brochosomes derived from the specialized glandular segments of the Malpighian tubules (MTs) form superhydrophobic coatings for insects of Membracoidea, and have multiple hypothetical functions. However, the constituents, biosynthesis and evolutionary origin of brochosomes remain poorly understood. We investigated general chemical and physical characteristics of the integumental brochosomes (IBs) of the leafhopper Psammotettix striatus, determined the constituents of IBs, identified the unigenes involved in brochosomal protein synthesis, and investigated the potential associations among brochosomal protein synthesis, amino acid composition of food source, and the possible roles of endosymbionts in brochosome production. The results show that IBs are mainly composed of glycine- and tyrosine-rich proteins and some metal elements, which contain both essential and non-essential amino acids (EAAs and NEAAs) for insects, including EAAs deficient in the sole food source. All 12 unigenes involved in synthesizing the 12 brochosomal proteins (BPs) with high confidence are exclusively highly expressed in the glandular segment of MTs, confirming that brochosomes are synthesized by this segment. The synthesis of BPs is one of the key synapomorphies of Membracoidea but may be lost secondarily in a few lineages. The synthesis of BPs might be related to the symbiosis of leafhoppers/treehoppers with endosymbionts that provide these insects with EAAs, including those are deficient in the sole diet (i.e., plant sap) and could only be made available by the symbionts. We hypothesize that the functional modification of MTs have combined with the application of BPs enabling Membracoidea to colonize and adapt to novel ecological niches, and evolve to the dramatic diversification of this hemipteran group (in particular the family Cicadellidae). This study highlights the importance of evolutionary plasticity and multiple functions of MTs in driving the adaptations and evolution of sap-sucking insects of Hemiptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feimin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Minjing Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Christopher H Dietrich
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Michael D Webb
- Department of Science (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, SW7 5BD, London, UK
| | - Cong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Mercado-Díaz JA, Lücking R, Moncada B, C St E Campbell K, Delnatte C, Familia L, Falcón-Hidalgo B, Motito-Marín A, Rivera-Queralta Y, Widhelm TJ, Thorsten Lumbsch H. Species assemblages of insular Caribbean Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota: Peltigerales) over ecological and evolutionary time scales. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107830. [PMID: 37247703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic approaches to macroevolution have provided unique insight into evolutionary relationships, ancestral ranges, and diversification patterns for many taxa. Similar frameworks have also been developed to assess how environmental and/or spatial variables shape species diversity and distribution patterns at different spatial/temporal scales, but studies implementing these are still scarce for many groups, including lichens. Here, we combine phylogeny-based ancestral range reconstruction and diversification analysis with community phylogenetics to reconstruct evolutionary origins and assess patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic relatedness between island communities of the lichenized fungal genus Sticta in the Caribbean. Sampling was carried out in the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico) and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, and Martinique). Data for six molecular loci were obtained for 64 candidate Caribbean species and used to perform both macroevolutionary phylogenetics, which also included worldwide taxa, and phylobetadiversity analyses, which emphasized island-level communities. Our work uncovered high levels of island endemism (∼59%) in Caribbean Sticta. We estimate initial colonization of the region occurred about 19 Mya from a South American ancestor. Reverse migration events by Caribbean lineages to South America were also inferred. We found no evidence for increased diversification rates associated with range expansion into the Caribbean. Taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover between island-level communities was most strongly correlated with environmental variation rather than with geographic distance. We observed less dissimilarity among communities from the Dominican Republic and Jamaica than between these islands and the Lesser Antilles/Puerto Rico. High levels of hidden diversity and endemism in Caribbean Sticta reaffirm that islands are crucial for the maintenance of global biodiversity of lichenized fungi. Altogether, our findings suggest that strong evolutionary links exist between Caribbean and South American biotas but at regional scales, species assemblages exhibit complex taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships that are determined by local environments and shared evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Mercado-Díaz
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago 1025 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, U.S.A; Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A.
| | - Robert Lücking
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bibiana Moncada
- Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Cra. 4 No. 26B-54, Torre de Laboratorios, Herbario, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Keron C St E Campbell
- Natural History Museum of Jamaica, Institute of Jamaica, 10-16 East Street, Kingston, Jamaica.
| | - Cesar Delnatte
- Biotope Amazonie, 3 rue Mezin Gildon, F-97354 Rémire-Montjoly, Guyane française.
| | - Lemuel Familia
- Departamento de Vida Silvestre, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Avenida Cayetano Germosén esq. Avenida Gregorio Luperón, Ensanche El Pedregal, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.
| | - Banessa Falcón-Hidalgo
- Jardín Botánico Nacional, Universidad de La Habana, Carretera "El Rocío" km 3.5, Calabazar, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Angel Motito-Marín
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BioEco), Código Postal 90100, José A. Saco 601, Esquina Barnada, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
| | - Yoira Rivera-Queralta
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BioEco), Código Postal 90100, José A. Saco 601, Esquina Barnada, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
| | - Todd J Widhelm
- Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A.
| | - H Thorsten Lumbsch
- Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A.
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Day JJ, Steell EM, Vigliotta TR, Withey LA, Bills R, Friel JP, Genner MJ, Stiassny MLJ. Exceptional levels of species discovery ameliorate inferences of the biogeography and diversification of an Afrotropical catfish family. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 182:107754. [PMID: 36906193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Endeavours in species discovery, particularly the characterisation of cryptic species, have been greatly aided by the application of DNA molecular sequence data to phylogenetic reconstruction and inference of evolutionary and biogeographic processes. However, the extent of cryptic and undescribed diversity remains unclear in tropical freshwaters, where biodiversity is declining at alarming rates. To investigate how data on previously undiscovered biodiversity impacts inferences of biogeography and diversification dynamics, we generated a densely sampled species-level family tree of Afrotropical Mochokidae catfishes (220 valid species) that was ca. 70 % complete. This was achieved through extensive continental sampling specifically targeting the genus Chiloglanis a specialist of the relatively unexplored fast-flowing lotic habitat. Applying multiple species-delimitation methods, we report exceptional levels of species discovery for a vertebrate genus, conservatively delimiting a staggering ca. 50 putative new Chiloglanis species, resulting in a near 80 % increase in species richness for the genus. Biogeographic reconstructions of the family identified the Congo Basin as a critical region in the generation of mochokid diversity, and further revealed complex scenarios for the build-up of continental assemblages of the two most species rich mochokid genera, Synodontis and Chiloglanis. While Syndontis showed most divergence events within freshwater ecoregions consistent with largely in situ diversification, Chiloglanis showed much less aggregation of freshwater ecoregions, suggesting dispersal as a key diversification process in this older group. Despite the significant increase in mochokid diversity identified here, diversification rates were best supported by a constant rate model consistent with patterns in many other tropical continental radiations. While our findings highlight fast-flowing lotic freshwaters as potential hotspots for undescribed and cryptic species diversity, a third of all freshwater fishes are currently threatened with extinction, signifying an urgent need to increase exploration of tropical freshwaters to better characterise and conserve its biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Day
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Elizabeth M Steell
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Thomas R Vigliotta
- Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lewis A Withey
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roger Bills
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag, 1015, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - John P Friel
- Alabama Museum of Natural History, The University of Alabama, Box 870340, 35487-0340 Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Martin J Genner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Melanie L J Stiassny
- Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
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Hill EC, Jarman MJ, Fraser CJ, Gao DF, Henry ER, Fisher AR, Iova B, Allison A, Butler MA. Molecular and phylogenetic datasets for the Asterophryinae frogs of New Guinea with additional data on lifestyle, geography, and elevation. Data Brief 2023; 47:108987. [PMID: 36875215 PMCID: PMC9974435 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.108987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The data provided here are related to the article "Resolving the Deep Phylogeny: Implications for Early Adaptive Radiation, Cryptic, and Present-day Ecological Diversity of Papuan Microhylid Frogs" [1]. The dataset is based on 233 tissue samples of the subfamily Asteroprhyinae, with representatives from all recognized genera, in addition to three outgroup taxa. The sequence dataset contains over 2400 characters per sample for five genes: three nuclear (Seventh in Absentia (SIA), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Sodium Calcium Exchange subunit-1 (NXC-1)), and two mitochondrial loci (Cytochrome oxidase b (CYTB), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4)); and is 99% complete. New primers were designed for all loci and accession numbers for the raw sequence data are provided. The sequences are used with geological time calibrations to produce time-calibrated Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic reconstructions using BEAST2 and IQ-TREE. Lifestyle data (arboreal, scansorial, terrestrial, fossorial, semi-aquatic) were collected from the literature and field notes and used to infer ancestral character states for each lineage. Collection location and elevation data were used to verify sites where multiple species or candidate species co-occur. All sequence data, alignments, and associated metadata (voucher specimen number, species identification, type locality status, global positioning system [GPS] coordinates, elevation, site with species list, and lifestyle) as well as the code to produce all analyses and figures are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Mary J Jarman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Claire J Fraser
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Diana F Gao
- University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94116, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Henry
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Allison R Fisher
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Bulisa Iova
- National Museum and Art Gallery, P. O. Box 5560 Boroko, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Marguerite A Butler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Khedwal RS, Chaudhary A, Sindhu VK, Yadav DB, Kumar N, Chhokar RS, Poonia TM, Kumar Y, Dahiya S. Challenges and technological interventions in rice-wheat system for resilient food-water-energy-environment nexus in North-western Indo-Gangetic Plains: A review. Cereal Res Commun 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37361480 PMCID: PMC10009861 DOI: 10.1007/s42976-023-00355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system in north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains performed a crucial role in the national food security. However, the widespread and intensive cultivation of this system has led to serious problems such as declining groundwater table (~1 meter year-1) with sharp increase in number of districts under over-exploitation category, residue burning, higher greenhouse gases emission and herbicide resistance in weeds, causing stagnant crop productivity and lesser profitability. In this review article, an attempt has been made to discuss the major issues pertaining to intensive rice-wheat cultivation amidst climate vagaries and futuristic approach to address these challenges. Different tillage- and crop-specific recommendations such as adoption of direct seeded rice, diversification with lesser resource guzzling crops such as maize (Zea mays L.) at least on the periodic manner especially in light-medium soils, inclusion of summer legumes and alternative tillage systems (permanent beds and zero tillage with residue retention) have been suggested to address these issues. However, crop performance under these techniques has been found to be location, soil and cultivar specific. The absence of aerobic tailored genotypes and weeds have been identified as the major constraints in adoption of direct seeded rice. The integrated strategies of conservation tillage, crop breeding program and resource conserving region- and soil-specific agronomic measures with crop diversification would be helpful in tackling the sustainability issues. It requires future efforts on developing crop genotypes suited to conservation tillage, effective weed control strategies and trainings and demonstrations to farmers to switch from conventional rice-wheat system to alternative cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbir Singh Khedwal
- Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Ankur Chaudhary
- Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Vinay Kumar Sindhu
- Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Dharam Bir Yadav
- Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | | | - Todar Mal Poonia
- Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Seema Dahiya
- Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
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Xue XF, Yao LF, Yin Y, Liu Q, Li N, Hoffmann AA, Sun JT, Hong XY. Macroevolutionary analyses point to a key role of hosts in diversification of the highly speciose eriophyoid mite superfamily. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 179:107676. [PMID: 36535519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The superfamily Eriophyoidea includes >5000 named species of very small phytophagous mites. As for many groups of phytophagous invertebrates, factors responsible for diversification of eriophyoid mites are unclear. Here, we used an inferred phylogeny of 566 putative species of eriophyoid mites based on fragments of two mitochondrial genes and two nuclear genes to examine factors associated with their massive evolutionary diversification through time. Our dated phylogeny indicates a Carboniferous origin for gymnosperm-associated Eriophyoidea with subsequent diversification involving multiple host shifts to angiosperms-first to dicots, and then to monocots or shifts back to gymnosperms-beginning in the Cretaceous period when angiosperms diverged. Speciation rates increased more rapidly in the Eriophyidae + Diptilomiopidae (mostly infesting angiosperms) than in the Phytoptidae (mostly infesting gymnosperms). Phylogenetic signal, speciation rates, dispersal and vicariance results combined with inferred topologies show that hosts played a key role in the evolution of eriophyoid mites. Speciation constrained by hosts was probably the main driver behind eriophyoid mite diversification worldwide. We demonstrate monophyly of the Eriophyoidea, whereas all three families, most subfamilies, tribes, and most genera are not monophyletic. Our time-calibrated tree provides a framework for further evolutionary studies of eriophyoid mites and their interactions with host plants as well as taxonomic revisions above the species level.
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Agyei SK. Emerging markets equities' response to geopolitical risk: Time-frequency evidence from the Russian-Ukrainian conflict era. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13319. [PMID: 36814626 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the asymmetric interdependence between geopolitical risk (GPR) and the stock markets of the top-seven emerging (E7) countries (i.e., Mexico, Russia, Turkey, India, China, Indonesia, and Brazil) in the ongoing geopolitical conflict between Russia and Ukraine. With daily datasets covering the period 01-Feb-2022 to 25-July-2022, the squared wavelet coherence (SWC) and wavelet coherence phase difference (WCPD) techniques are employed. The results underscore heterogeneous and asymmetric market-specific coherence and lead-lag patterns regarding E7 stocks' interdependence with geopolitical risk. The findings imply high comovements between Black Swan events like the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and financial markets' volatility, highlighting the essence of alternative assets or asset classes for hedging geopolitical risks in the ongoing military actions. The heterogeneous and asymmetric responses offered by E7 stocks against GPR render emerging markets equities suitable for diversification and downside hedging strategies against GPR-induced shocks. The findings are robust to the time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) connectedness approach. The results' implications for portfolio managers, investors, and policymakers are discussed.
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Guo WJ, Wu Y, He K, Hu YB, Wang XY, Yu WH, Wang XY, Yu WH. Unraveling the macroevolution of horseshoe bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae: Rhinolophus). Zool Res 2023; 44:169-182. [PMID: 36579403 PMCID: PMC9841180 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the diversification mechanisms of organisms is a fundamental and important macroevolutionary question regarding the diversity, ecological niche, and morphological divergence of life. However, many studies have only explored diversification mechanisms via isolated factors. Here, based on comparative phylogenetic analysis, we performed a macroevolutionary examination of horseshoe bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae: Rhinolophus), to reveal the inter-relationships among diversification, intrinsic/extrinsic factors, and climatic ecological niche characteristics. Results showed a general slowing trajectory during diversification, with two dispersal events from Asia into Southeast Asia and Africa playing key roles in shaping regional heterogeneous diversity. Morphospace expansions of the investigated traits (e.g., body size, echolocation, and climate niche) revealed a decoupled pattern between diversification trajectory and trait divergence, suggesting that other factors (e.g., biotic interactions) potentially played a key role in recent diversification. Based on ancestral traits and pathway analyses, most Rhinolophus lineages belonging to the same region overlapped with each other geographically and were positively associated with the diversification rate, implying a competitive prelude to speciation. Overall, our study showed that multiple approaches need to be integrated to address diversification history. Rather than a single factor, the joint effects of multiple factors (biogeography, environmental drivers, and competition) are responsible for the current diversity patterns in horseshoe bats, and a corresponding multifaceted strategy is recommended to study these patterns in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Kai He
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yi-Bo Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China,E-mail:
| | - Wen-Hua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China,
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Suelgaray FJU, Chiocchio VM, Ciolfi F, Saparrat MCN. Are dark septate endophytes an ancestral ecological state in the evolutionary history of the order Chaetothyriales? Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:55. [PMID: 36607426 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSE) are pigmented fungi that colonize plant roots. They represent a morpho-functional status composed of many species belonging to the phylum Ascomycota, distributed in different orders. The order Chaetothyriales has representatives with diverse lifestyles, among which the rock-inhabiting one has been proposed to be the ancestral ecological character state. However, all taxa have the phenotypic characteristic of being highly melanized. This trait has been considered relevant in most Chaetothyriales because it allows them to tolerate extreme or toxic environmental conditions. In the present study, aiming to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this order, we analyzed the contribution of the DSE habit to the diversification of the Chaetothyriales. We also report the distribution of the DSE habit among the main families and/or clades within the order. Our results suggest that DSE had a key position in the evolution of the order Chaetothyriales, both as an ancestral ecological character and as a character from which other specialized forms such as Domatium probably derived.
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Yadav MP, Kumar S, Mukherjee D, Rao P. Do green bonds offer a diversification opportunity during COVID-19?-an empirical evidence from energy, crypto, and carbon markets. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:7625-7639. [PMID: 36044138 PMCID: PMC9428382 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study is a novel attempt to unravel the connectedness of the green bond with energy, crypto, and carbon markets using the S&P green bond index (RSPGB). We consider MAC global solar energy index (RMGS) and ISE global wind energy index (RIGW) as proxies of the energy market and use bitcoin and the European energy exchange carbon index (REEX) for the cryptocurrency and carbon market. Employing the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012), Baruník and Krehlík (2018), and wavelet coherence econometric techniques, we find that the energy market (RMGS) has the highest connectedness derived from other asset classes, and bitcoin (RBTC) has the least connectedness. Concurrently, we find that the risk transmission is heterogeneous in different scales as the short period has less connectedness than the medium and long run. We conclude that the overall diversification opportunity among green bonds, energy stock, bitcoin, and the carbon market is more in the short-run than in the medium and long-run. In summary, our findings on the green bond market will provide investors, portfolio managers, and policymakers with critical insight into ensuring a sustainable financial market.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Management Studies, Malviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Deepraj Mukherjee
- Department of Economics, Ambassador Crawford College of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240 USA
| | - Purnima Rao
- Fortune Institute of International Business, New Delhi, Delhi, 110057 India
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Liu X, Cai HM, Wang WQ, Lin W, Su ZW, Ma ZH. Why is the beautyberry so colourful? Evolution, biogeography, and diversification of fruit colours in Callicarpa (Lamiaceae). Plant Divers 2023; 45:6-19. [PMID: 36876305 PMCID: PMC9975479 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruit colour is essential to seed dispersal, speciation, and biological diversity in global ecosystems. The relationship between fruit-colour variation and species diversification has long been of interest in evolutionary biology, but remains poorly understood at the genus level. Here, we used Callicarpa, a typical representative of pantropical angiosperm, to analyse whether fruit colours are correlated with biogeographic distribution, dispersal events, and diversification rate. We estimated a time-calibrated phylogeny for Callicarpa and reconstructed ancestral fruit colour. Utilizing phylogenetic methods, we estimated the major dispersal events across the phylogenetic tree and the most likely fruit colours related to each dispersal event, and tested whether the dispersal frequencies and distances of the four fruit colours between major biogeographical areas were equal. We then tested whether fruit colours are correlated with latitude, elevation, and diversification rate. Biogeographical reconstructions showed that Callicarpa originated in the East Asia and Southeast Asia during the Eocene (∼35.53 Ma) and diverse species diverged mainly in the Miocene and lasted into the Pleistocene. Large-scale dispersal events were significantly associated with violet-fruited lineages. Furthermore, different fruit colours were markedly correlated with different latitudes and elevations (e.g., violet fruits were correlated with higher latitudes and elevations; red fruits and black fruits with lower latitudes; white fruits with higher elevations). Notably, violet fruits were statistically associated with highest diversification rates, driving fruit colour variation among different regions globally. Our results contribute to further understanding why fruit colour is so variable at the genus level of angiosperms in different areas around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Cai
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Wen-Qiao Wang
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Su
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhong-Hui Ma
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
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Bohra A, Tiwari A, Kaur P, Ganie SA, Raza A, Roorkiwal M, Mir RR, Fernie AR, Smýkal P, Varshney RK. The Key to the Future Lies in the Past: Insights from Grain Legume Domestication and Improvement Should Inform Future Breeding Strategies. Plant Cell Physiol 2022; 63:1554-1572. [PMID: 35713290 PMCID: PMC9680861 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crop domestication is a co-evolutionary process that has rendered plants and animals significantly dependent on human interventions for survival and propagation. Grain legumes have played an important role in the development of Neolithic agriculture some 12,000 years ago. Despite being early companions of cereals in the origin and evolution of agriculture, the understanding of grain legume domestication has lagged behind that of cereals. Adapting plants for human use has resulted in distinct morpho-physiological changes between the wild ancestors and domesticates, and this distinction has been the focus of several studies aimed at understanding the domestication process and the genetic diversity bottlenecks created. Growing evidence from research on archeological remains, combined with genetic analysis and the geographical distribution of wild forms, has improved the resolution of the process of domestication, diversification and crop improvement. In this review, we summarize the significance of legume wild relatives as reservoirs of novel genetic variation for crop breeding programs. We describe key legume features, which evolved in response to anthropogenic activities. Here, we highlight how whole genome sequencing and incorporation of omics-level data have expanded our capacity to monitor the genetic changes accompanying these processes. Finally, we present our perspective on alternative routes centered on de novo domestication and re-domestication to impart significant agronomic advances of novel crops over existing commodities. A finely resolved domestication history of grain legumes will uncover future breeding targets to develop modern cultivars enriched with alleles that improve yield, quality and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bohra
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Abha Tiwari
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (ICAR-IIPR), Kalyanpur, Kanpur 208024, India
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Santiniketan Road, Bolpur 731235, India
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Manish Roorkiwal
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (KCGEB), UAE University, Sheik Khalifa Bin Zayed Street, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, UAE
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST, Shalimar, Srinagar 190025, India
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Křížkovského 511/8, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
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da Silva MA, Ottoni FP, Mattos JLO, Indermaur A, Katz AM, Salzburger W. Species diversity and phylogeography of the Australoheros autrani group (Teleostei, Cichlidae) in eastern Brazil. Ichthyol Res 2022; 70:378-385. [PMID: 37384314 PMCID: PMC10293369 DOI: 10.1007/s10228-022-00888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Cichlid fishes are an important model system in evolutionary biology, primarily because of their exceptional diversity. However, while some cichlid assemblages, such as the ones of the African Great Lakes, have received considerable attention, others are not well studied, including many riverine species. Here, we focus on the Australoheros autrani species group and first report a new record of Australoheros in the upper Paranaíba River drainage, extending the known distribution range of this genus. Through Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of these specimens as well as available sequences, we assigned the newly discovered population to Australoheros barbosae. We corroborate the monophyly of the A. autrani species group and the presence of three species in the upper/middle Paraíba do Sul River basin as well as molecular diagnostic characters for each. Finally, we provide evidence for a recent expansion of A. barbosae. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10228-022-00888-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. da Silva
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felipe P. Ottoni
- Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Organismos Aquáticos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Chapadinha, Brazil
| | - José L. O. Mattos
- Laboratório de Sistemática e Evolução de Peixes Teleósteos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian Indermaur
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel M. Katz
- Laboratório de Sistemática e Evolução de Peixes Teleósteos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Díaz A, Esparcia C, López R. The diversifying role of socially responsible investments during the COVID-19 crisis: A risk management and portfolio performance analysis. Econ Anal Policy 2022; 75:39-60. [PMID: 36032809 PMCID: PMC9392212 DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the diversification role of socially responsible investments (SRI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. To assess the contribution to risk diversification and improved financial performance of SRI we analyze the effect of including clean energy equities in portfolios of conventional equities and other assets commonly considered as safe havens. We construct minimum variance portfolios for different rebalancing frequencies and by considering or restricting short positions. Two approaches are applied: AR-GARCH models to fit the marginal distributions of individual assets and DCC skew Student copula specifications to model the conditional dependencies among pairs via the Kendall's tau correlation measure. We provide evidence of the important role that SRI have played in diversifying and improving the financial performance of portfolios based on different securities such as traditional equities, Treasury bonds, gold, crude oil and Bitcoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Díaz
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Plaza de la Universidad s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Carlos Esparcia
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Plaza de la Universidad s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Raquel López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Plaza de la Universidad s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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Ahmad D, Afzal M. Synchronized agricultural credit and diversification adoption to catastrophic risk manage for wheat production in Punjab, Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:63588-63604. [PMID: 35461414 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In developing countries, particularly in agrarian economies like Pakistan, agricultural production is severely affected by successive incidences of adverse catastrophic risks. Inadequate and limited risk management measures from farming community to overcome such severe financial, production, and marketing risks not enough so need of adoption farm-based feasible risk management strategies. In addressing this research gap, this study investigated the potential association and implementing synchronized agricultural credit and diversification adoption to catastrophic risk manage for wheat production in Punjab, Pakistan. The study used the data of 480 wheat farmers' respondents and employed multinomial and bivariate probit regression models for empirical analysis. Empirical estimates illustrated the significant association in adoption of multiple risk management strategies as addressing the adoption single risk management strategy motivates farmers to adopt another strategy at same time. Furthermore, results also indicated as farmer schooling, age, family return, ownership of land, farm size, and farmer risk oppose character were highlighted the most influenced features for adopting various risk management strategies. Policy makers and state-based authorities can be assisted by these outcomes to evaluating plans of risk management and willingness of farmer in accept government supported regarding implementation of these catastrophic risk managing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshad Ahmad
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Economics, Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Hill EC, Fraser CJ, Gao DF, Jarman MJ, Henry ER, Iova B, Allison A, Butler MA. Resolving the deep phylogeny: Implications for early adaptive radiation, cryptic, and present-day ecological diversity of Papuan microhylid frogs. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 177:107618. [PMID: 36031107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The microhylid frogs of the New Guinea region are the largest and most ecologically diverse subfamily (Asterophryinae) of one of the largest anuran families in the world and can live in communities of up to 20 species. While there has been recent progress in resolving the phylogenetic relationships of Asterophryinae, significant uncertainties remain, impeding further progress in understanding the evolution of microhabitat use, parental care, and life history variation in this group. In particular, the early divergences at the base of the tree remain unclear; as does the monophyly of some genera; and recent studies have discovered that species with wide geographic distribution are instead cryptic species complexes. In this study, we fortified geographic sampling of the largest previous phylogenetic effort by sequencing an additional 62 taxa and increased data quality and quantity by adding new layers of data vetting and by filling in previously incomplete loci to the five gene dataset (2 mitochondrial, 3 nuclear protein-coding genes) to obtain a dataset that is now 99% complete in over 2400 characters for 233 samples (205 taxa) of Asterophryinae and 3 outgroup taxa, and analyzed microhabitat use data for these taxa from field data and data collected from the literature. Importantly, our sampling includes complete community complements at 19 sites as well as representatives at over 80 sites across New Guinea and its offshore islands. We present a highly resolved molecular phylogeny which, for the first time, has over 95% of nodes supported (84% highly supported) whether using Maximum Likelihood or Bayesian Inference, allowing clarification of all genera (whether monophyletic or clearly not), their sister genera relationships, as well as an age estimate for the Asterophryinae at approximately 20MYA. Early generic diversification occurring between 17 and 12 MYA gave rise to a surprising diversity of about 18 genera as well as the 5 putative microhabitat types. Our tree reveals extensive cryptic diversity calling any widespread taxa into doubt, and clearly demonstrates that complex multispecies communities of Asterophryinae are ecologically diverse, are numerous, and of ancient origin across New Guinea. We discuss the implications of our phylogeny for explaining the explosive diversification of Asterophryinae as the result of adaptive radiation, niche conservatism, and non-adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaií, Honolulu 96822, HI, USA.
| | - Claire J Fraser
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaií, Honolulu 96822, HI, USA.
| | - Diana F Gao
- University of San Francisco, San Francisco 94117, CA, USA
| | - Mary J Jarman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaií, Honolulu 96822, HI, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Henry
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaií, Honolulu 96822, HI, USA.
| | - Bulisa Iova
- National Museum and Art Gallery, P. O. Box 5560 Boroko, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea
| | - Allen Allison
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaií, Honolulu 96822, HI, USA; Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu 96817, HI, USA.
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Helfenstein J, Bürgi M, Debonne N, Dimopoulos T, Diogo V, Dramstad W, Edlinger A, Garcia-Martin M, Hernik J, Kizos T, Lausch A, Levers C, Mohr F, Moreno G, Pazur R, Siegrist M, Swart R, Thenail C, Verburg PH, Williams TG, Zarina A, Herzog F. Farmer surveys in Europe suggest that specialized, intensive farms were more likely to perceive negative impacts from COVID-19. Agron Sustain Dev 2022; 42:84. [PMID: 36017120 PMCID: PMC9397162 DOI: 10.1007/s13593-022-00820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED It has been shown that the COVID-19 pandemic affected some agricultural systems more than others, and even within geographic regions, not all farms were affected to the same extent. To build resilience of agricultural systems to future shocks, it is key to understand which farms were affected and why. In this study, we examined farmers' perceived robustness to COVID-19, a key resilience capacity. We conducted standardized farmer interviews (n = 257) in 15 case study areas across Europe, covering a large range of socio-ecological contexts and farm types. Interviews targeted perceived livelihood impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on productivity, sales, price, labor availability, and supply chains in 2020, as well as farm(er) characteristics and farm management. Our study corroborates earlier evidence that most farms were not or only slightly affected by the first wave(s) of the pandemic in 2020, and that impacts varied widely by study region. However, a significant minority of farmers across Europe reported that the pandemic was "the worst crisis in a lifetime" (3%) or "the worst crisis in a decade" (7%). Statistical analysis showed that more specialized and intensive farms were more likely to have perceived negative impacts. From a societal perspective, this suggests that highly specialized, intensive farms face higher vulnerability to shocks that affect regional to global supply chains. Supporting farmers in the diversification of their production systems while decreasing dependence on service suppliers and supply chain actors may increase their robustness to future disruptions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13593-022-00820-5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Bürgi
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Niels Debonne
- Environmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thymios Dimopoulos
- Mediterranean Institute for Nature and Anthropos, MedINA, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasco Diogo
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Wenche Dramstad
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Anna Edlinger
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Garcia-Martin
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Józef Hernik
- Department of Land management and Landscape Architecture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Thanasis Kizos
- Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Angela Lausch
- Department Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Levers
- Environmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Franziska Mohr
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Gerardo Moreno
- Forest Research Group, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Robert Pazur
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Geography, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michael Siegrist
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Swart
- Environmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter H. Verburg
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Environmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim G Williams
- Environmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Zarina
- Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Felix Herzog
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
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McMonagle C, Brown D, Reeve R, Mancy R. Trends in the diversity of mortality causes and age-standardised mortality rates among subpopulations within Scotland, 2001-2019. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101192. [PMID: 36039349 PMCID: PMC9418986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated increasing diversity in causes of mortality among high-income nations in recent decades, associated with improvements in health and increasing life expectancies. Health outcomes are known to vary widely between communities within these countries and inequalities between sexes and other subpopulations are key in understanding the health of populations. Despite this, little is known about variation in the diversity of mortality causes between these subpopulations. Diversification in mortality causes indicates an increase in the pool of potential causes of mortality an individual is likely to face. This poses challenges for the public health and medical sectors by increasing diagnostic uncertainty and broadening the range of causes to be addressed by public health and medical interventions. Here we examine trends over time in the diversity in causes of mortality in Scotland by sex and area-level deprivation, also examining deaths among those younger than 75 years and those 75 years and older separately. We find that diversity in causes of mortality has increased across subpopulations; that it has risen more quickly in men than women; that the rate of increase has been similar across age categories; and that there is no clear ranking in the trends by deprivation quintile, despite slower improvements in mortality rates among the most deprived. Increasing diversity in mortality causes suggests that a greater public health focus on reducing death rates from a broader range of causes is likely to be required, and this may be especially important for men who face a faster rate of diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran McMonagle
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK,Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,Corresponding author. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK.
| | - Denise Brown
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Richard Reeve
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Mancy
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK,School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Liao Y, Liu Z, Gichira AW, Yang M, Mbichi RW, Meng L, Wan T. Deep evaluation of the evolutionary history of the Heat Shock Factor (HSF) gene family and its expansion pattern in seed plants. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13603. [PMID: 35966928 PMCID: PMC9373977 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor (HSF) genes are essential in some of the basic developmental pathways in plants. Despite extensive studies on the structure, functional diversification, and evolution of HSF genes, their divergence history and gene duplication pattern remain unknown. To further illustrate the probable divergence patterns in these subfamilies, we analyzed the evolutionary history of HSF genes using phylogenetic reconstruction and genomic syntenic analyses, taking advantage of the increased sampling of genomic data from pteridophytes, gymnosperms and basal angiosperms. We identified a novel clade that includes HSFA2, HSFA6, HSFA7, and HSFA9 with a complex relationship, which is very likely due to orthologous or paralogous genes retained after frequent gene duplication events. We hypothesized that HSFA9 derives from HSFA2 through gene duplication in eudicots at the ancestral state, and then expanded in a lineage-specific way. Our findings indicate that HSFB3 and HSFB5 emerged before the divergence of ancestral angiosperms, but were lost in the most recent common ancestors of monocots. We also presumed that HSFC2 derives from HSFC1 in ancestral monocots. This work proposes that during the radiation of flowering plants, an era during which there was a differentiation of angiosperms, the size of the HSF gene family was also being adjusted with considerable sub- or neo-functionalization. The independent evolution of HSFs in eudicots and monocots, including lineage-specific gene duplication, gave rise to a new gene in ancestral eudicots and monocots, and lineage-specific gene loss in ancestral monocots. Our analyses provide essential insights for studying the evolutionary history of this multigene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Liao
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Andrew W. Gichira
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruth Wambui Mbichi
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Linping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Wan
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Mittan CS, Zamudio KR, Thomé MTC, Camurugi F, Colli GR, Garda AA, Haddad CFB, Prado CPA. Temporal and spatial diversification along the Amazonia-Cerrado transition in Neotropical treefrogs of the Boana albopunctata species group. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 175:107579. [PMID: 35835425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive research on biodiversity in Neotropical forests, biodiversity in seasonally dry, open biomes in South America has been underestimated until recently. We leverage a widespread group, Boana albopunctata, to uncover cryptic lineages and investigate the timing of diversification in Neotropical anurans with a focus on dry diagonal biomes (Cerrado, Caatinga and Chaco) and the ecotone between Amazonia and the Cerrado. We inferred a multilocus phylogeny of the B. albopunctata species group that includes 15 of 18 described species, recovered two cryptic species, and reconstructed the timing of diversification among species distributed across multiple South American biomes. One new potential species (B. aff. steinbachi), sampled in the Amazonian state of Acre, clustered within the B. calcara-fasciata species complex and is close to B. steinbachi. A second putative new species (B. aff. multifasciata), sampled in the Amazonia-Cerrado ecotone, is closely related to B. multifasciata. Lastly, we place a recently identified Cerrado lineage (B. aff. albopuncata) into the B. albopunctata species group phylogeny for the first time. Our ancestral range reconstruction showed that species in the B. albopuctata group likely dispersed from Amazonia-Cerrado into the dry-diagonal and Atlantic Forest. Intraspecies demography showed, for both B. raniceps and B. albopunctata, signs of rapid expansion across the dry diagonal. Similarly, for one clade of B. multifasciata, our analyses support an invasion of the Cerrado from Amazonia, followed by a rapid expansion across the open diagonal biomes. Thus, our study recovers several recent divergences along the Amazonia-Cerrado ecotone in northern Brazil. Tectonic uplift and erosion in the late Miocene and climate oscillations in the Pleistocene corresponded with estimated divergence times in the dry diagonal and Amazonia-Cerrado ecotone. Our study highlights the importance of these threatened open formations in the generation of biodiversity in the Neotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinnamon S Mittan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Kelly R Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Tereza C Thomé
- Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura, Instituto de Biociências, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Camurugi
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Guarino R Colli
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Adrian A Garda
- Laboratório de Anfíbios e Répteis, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Célio F B Haddad
- Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura, Instituto de Biociências, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cynthia P A Prado
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Powell F, Levine A, Ordonez-Gauger L. Climate adaptation in the market squid fishery: fishermen responses to past variability associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation cycles inform our understanding of adaptive capacity in the face of future climate change. Clim Change 2022; 173:1. [PMID: 35811834 PMCID: PMC9252554 DOI: 10.1007/s10584-022-03394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Evaluating the strategies fishermen have used to respond to short-term climate variability in the past can help inform our understanding of the adaptive capacity of a fishery in the face of anticipated future change. Using historic fishery landings, climate records, and fishermen surveys, we document how market squid fishermen respond to high seasonal and interannual climate variability associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and responses to hypothetical future scenarios of low abundance and range shift. Overall, fishermen have been able to adapt to dramatic shifts in the geographic range of the fishery given their high mobility, with fishermen with larger vessels expressing a willingness to travel greater distances than those with smaller vessels. Nearly half of fishermen stated that they would switch fisheries if market squid decreased dramatically in abundance, although fishermen who were older, had been in the fishery longer, were highly dependent on squid for income, and held only squid and/or coastal pelagic finfish permits were less likely to switch to another fishery in a scenario of lower abundance. While market squid fishermen have exhibited highly adaptive behavior in the face of past climate variability, recent (and likely future) range shifts across state boundaries, as well as closures of other fisheries, constrain fishermen's choices and emphasize the need for flexibility in management systems. Our study highlights the importance of considering connectivity between fisheries and monitoring and anticipating trans-jurisdictional range shifts to facilitate adaptive fishery management. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10584-022-03394-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrah Powell
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - Arielle Levine
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
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Han L, Lan T, Lu Y, Zhou M, Li H, Lu H, Wang Q, Li X, Du S, Guan C, Zhang Y, Sahu SK, Qian P, Zhang S, Zhou H, Guo W, Chai H, Wang S, Liu Q, Liu H, Hou Z. Equus roundworms (Parascaris univalens) are undergoing rapid divergence while genes involved in metabolic as well as anthelminic resistance are under positive selection. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:489. [PMID: 35787772 PMCID: PMC9252044 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The evolution of parasites is often directly affected by the host's environment. Studies on the evolution of the same parasites in different hosts are of great interest and are highly relevant to our understanding of divergence. Methods Here we performed whole-genome sequencing of Parascaris univalens from different Equus hosts (horses, zebras and donkeys). Phylogenetic and selection analyses were performed to study the divergence and adaptability of P. univalens. Results At the genetic level, multiple lines of evidence indicate that P. univalens is mainly separated into two clades (horse-derived and zebra & donkey-derived). This divergence began 300–1000 years ago, and we found that most of the key enzymes related to glycolysis were under strong positive selection in zebra & donkey-derived roundworms, whereas the lipid-related metabolic system was under positive selection in horse-derived roundworms, indicating that the adaptive evolution of metabolism has occurred over the past few centuries. In addition, we found that some drug-related genes showed a significantly higher degree of selection in diverse populations. Conclusions This work reports the adaptive evolution and divergence trend of P. univalens in different hosts for the first time. Its results indicate that the divergence of P. univalens is a continuous, dynamic process. Furthermore, the continuous monitoring of the effects of differences in nutritional and drug histories on the rapid evolution of roundworms is conducive to further understanding host-parasite interactions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08702-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Tianming Lan
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Yaxian Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Mengchao Zhou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Haimeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haorong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- Harbin Northern Forest Zoo, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shan Du
- Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Chunyu Guan
- Harbin Northern Forest Zoo, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention of Ordos, Inner Mongolia Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Puyi Qian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Shaofang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.,Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, China State Forestry Administration, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Quan Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Zhijun Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China. .,Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, China State Forestry Administration, Harbin, 150040, China.
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