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Johnson JL, Dodder NG, Mladenov N, Steinberg L, Richardot WH, Hoh E. Comparison of Trace Organic Chemical Removal Efficiencies between Aerobic and Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors Treating Municipal Wastewater. ACS ES T Water 2024; 4:1381-1392. [PMID: 38633364 PMCID: PMC11019542 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.3c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Evaluating persistent trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) and transformation products (TPs) in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is essential, given that MBRs are now widely implemented for wastewater treatment and water reuse. This research applied comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC/TOF-MS)-based nontargeted analysis to compare the effectiveness of parallel aerobic and anaerobic MBRs (AeMBRs and AnMBRs, respectively), treating the same municipal wastewater. The average total chromatographic feature peak area abundances were significantly reduced by 84% and 72% from influent to membrane permeate in both the AeMBR and AnMBR (p < 0.05), respectively. However, the reduction of the average number of chromatographic features was significant for only AeMBR treatment (p = 0.006). A similar number of TPs were generated during both AeMBR and AnMBR treatments (165 vs 171 compounds, respectively). The overall results suggest that the AeMBR was more effective for reducing the diversity of TOrCs than the AnMBR, but both aerobic and anaerobic processes had a similar reduction of TOrC abundance. Suspect screening analysis using GC×GC/TOF-MS, which resulted in the tentative identification of 351 TOrCs, proved to be a powerful approach for uncovering compounds previously unreported in wastewater, including many fragrances and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade L. Johnson
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
- San
Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Nathan G. Dodder
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
- San
Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Natalie Mladenov
- Department
of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Lauren Steinberg
- Department
of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - William H. Richardot
- San
Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Eunha Hoh
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
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Persky V, Abasilim C, Tsintsifas K, Day T, Sargis RM, Daviglus M, Cai J, Freels S, Kaplan R, Isasi CR, Pirzada A, Meyer ML, Talavera GA, Thyagarajan B, Agarwal S, Chavez N, Grieco A, Turyk ME. Thyroid Hormones and Diabetes in Euthyroid Hispanic/Latino Adults of Diverse Backgrounds: HCHS/SOL. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae039. [PMID: 38623380 PMCID: PMC11017329 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Previous studies have demonstrated associations of endogenous thyroid hormones with diabetes; less is known about stages of diabetes development at which they are operative, mechanisms of associations, and the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Objective This study examined associations of thyroid hormones with incident prediabetes and diabetes and with changes in glycemic traits in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), the largest cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults with diverse backgrounds in the United States. Methods The study includes 592 postmenopausal euthyroid women and 868 euthyroid men aged 45 to 74 years without diabetes at baseline participating in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Baseline hormones included thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3), and indices calculated from thyroid hormones evaluating pituitary sensitivity to thyroid hormone. Transitions to diabetes and prediabetes, and changes in glycemic traits determined at the 6-year follow-up visit, were examined using multivariable Poisson and linear regressions. Results Among women, T3 (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22-2.24; P = .001) and TSH (IRR = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.01-4.33; P = .047) were positively, while FT4 (IRR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39-0.88; P = .011) was inversely, associated with transition from prediabetes to diabetes. Among men, the T3/FT4 ratio was positively associated with transition from normoglycemia to prediabetes but not from prediabetes to diabetes. Indices measuring sensitivity of the pituitary to thyroid hormone suggested increased sensitivity in men who transitioned from prediabetes to diabetes. Conclusion Positive associations in women of T3 and TSH and inverse associations of FT4, as well as inverse associations of thyroid indices in men with transition from prediabetes to diabetes, but not from normoglycemia to diabetes, suggest decreased pituitary sensitivity to thyroid hormones in women and increased sensitivity in men later in the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Persky
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chibuzor Abasilim
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Konstantina Tsintsifas
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tessa Day
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago and Medical Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sally Freels
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Amber Pirzada
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michelle L Meyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA
| | - Shivani Agarwal
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Noel Chavez
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Arielle Grieco
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mary E Turyk
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Brown TA, Klimek-Johnson P, Siegel JA, Convertino AD, Douglas VJ, Pachankis J, Blashill AJ. Promoting Resilience to Improve Disordered Eating (PRIDE): A case series of an eating disorder treatment for sexual minority individuals. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:648-660. [PMID: 38279188 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the increased risk for eating disorders (EDs) among sexual minority (SM) individuals, no ED treatments exist specifically for this population. SM stress and appearance-based pressures may initiate and/or maintain ED symptoms in SM individuals; thus, incorporating strategies to reduce SM stressors into existing treatments may help address SM individuals' increased ED risk. This mixed-methods study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of Promoting Resilience to Improve Disordered Eating (PRIDE)-a novel ED treatment for SM individuals. METHODS N = 14 SM individuals with an ED diagnosis received 14 weekly sessions integrating Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for EDs (CBT-E) with techniques and principles of SM-affirmative CBT developed to address SM stressors. Participants completed qualitative interviews and assessments of ED symptoms and SM stress reactions at baseline (pretreatment), posttreatment, and 1-month follow-up. RESULTS Supporting feasibility, 12 of the 14 (85.7%) enrolled participants completed treatment, and qualitative and quantitative data supported PRIDE's acceptability (quantitative rating = 3.73/4). By 1-month follow-up, 75% of the sample was fully remitted from an ED diagnosis. Preliminary efficacy results suggested large and significant improvements in ED symptoms, clinical impairment, and body dissatisfaction, significant medium-large improvements in internalized stigma and nonsignificant small-medium effects of sexual orientation concealment. DISCUSSION Initial results support the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of PRIDE, an ED treatment developed to address SM stressors. Future research should evaluate PRIDE in a larger sample, compare it to an active control condition, and explore whether reductions in SM stress reactions explain reductions in ED symptoms. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE This study evaluated a treatment for SM individuals with EDs that integrated empirically supported ED treatment with SM-affirmative treatment in a case series. Results support that this treatment was well-accepted by participants and was associated with improvements in ED symptoms and minority stress outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Brown
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Patrycja Klimek-Johnson
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Siegel
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Alexandra D Convertino
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Valerie J Douglas
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - John Pachankis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Aaron J Blashill
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Richard SL, Renn BN, Tran DMT, Kim J, Feng D. Metabolic Syndrome, Modifiable Lifestyle Factors, and Sleep-Disordered Breathing: The Hispanic Community Health Study. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:179-191. [PMID: 38175927 PMCID: PMC10858308 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND US Hispanics/Latinos are disproportionately susceptible to metabolic syndrome (MetS), attributed in part to systemic inequities related to health and lifestyle factors such as low physical activity (PA) levels, diet quality, alcohol use, tobacco use, and sleep disorder. Gender and heritage group differences are vastly understudied and need to be examined in this heterogeneous population. PURPOSE To examine the relationships between select health and lifestyle factors and MetS among Hispanic gender and heritage subgroups (Hypothesis 1) and determine whether gender and heritage moderate those relationships (Hypothesis 2). METHODS Participants included 14,155 Hispanic Americans aged 18-76 (59% female, mean age 45.92 ± 13.97) from seven heritage subgroups. This secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the observational Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) dataset used hierarchical multinomial logistic regression to test Hypothesis 1; the dependent variable, MetS, included three categories delineating absence of MetS and presence of MetS with or without related medication use. Hayes' PROCESS macro tested Hypothesis 2. RESULTS Low PA and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) each had significant (p < .001) predictive value of MetS group membership, whereas both low and high alcohol use (p < .001) were associated with decreased MetS risk. Cigarette pack-years were not significantly associated with MetS outcomes. Gender moderated the association between MetS and alcohol use (p < .001), cigarette pack-years (p < .001), and SDB (p < .001) such that the effects on MetS were higher in females than males. The association between MetS and diet quality (p < .001) was stronger among males than in females. CONCLUSIONS Gender and heritage differences were prominent among study variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Richard
- Department of Nursing, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas NV 89154, USA
| | - Brenna N Renn
- Department of Nursing, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas NV 89154, USA
| | - Dieu-My T Tran
- Department of Nursing, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas NV 89154, USA
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas NV 89154, USA
| | - Du Feng
- Department of Nursing, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas NV 89154, USA
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Savin KL, Carlson JA, Patel SR, Jankowska MM, Allison MA, Sotres-Alvarez D, Sallis JF, Talavera GA, Roesch SC, Malcarne VL, Larsen B, Rutledge T, Gallo LC. Social and built neighborhood environments and sleep health: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Community and Surrounding Areas and Sueño Ancillary Studies. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad260. [PMID: 37788570 PMCID: PMC10851842 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To test associations between neighborhood social, built, and ambient environment characteristics and multidimensional sleep health in Hispanic/Latino adults. METHODS Data were from San Diego-based Hispanic/Latino adults mostly of Mexican heritage enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (N = 342). Home addresses were geocoded to ascertain neighborhood characteristics of greenness, walkability (density of intersections, retail spaces, and residences), socioeconomic deprivation (e.g. lower income, lower education), social disorder (e.g. vacant buildings, crime), traffic density, and air pollution (PM 2.5) in the Study of Latinos Communities and Surrounding Areas Study. Sleep dimensions of regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration were measured by self-report or actigraphy approximately 2 years later. Multivariable regression models accounting for study design (stratification and clustering) were used to examine associations of neighborhood variables with individual sleep dimensions and a multidimensional sleep health composite score. RESULTS Neighborhood characteristics were not significantly associated with the multidimensional sleep health composite, and there were few significant associations with individual sleep dimensions. Greater levels of air pollution (B = 9.03, 95% CI: 1.16, 16.91) were associated with later sleep midpoint, while greater social disorder (B = -6.90, 95% CI: -13.12, -0.67) was associated with earlier sleep midpoint. Lower walkability was associated with more wake after sleep onset (B = -3.58, 95% CI: -7.07, -0.09). CONCLUSIONS Living in neighborhoods with lower walkability and greater air pollution was associated with worse sleep health, but otherwise findings were largely null. Future research should test these hypotheses in settings with greater variability and investigate mechanisms of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Savin
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jordan A Carlson
- Center for Children’s Health Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City and University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Center for Sleep and Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James F Sallis
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott C Roesch
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa L Malcarne
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Britta Larsen
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Rutledge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Chiu V, Urbanek JK, Wanigatunga AA, Allison MA, Ballew SH, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Sotres-Alvarez D, Gallo LC, Xue X, Talavera GA, Evenson KR, Kaplan RC, Matsushita K, Schrack JA. The Association Between Ankle-Brachial Index and Daily Patterns of Physical Activity: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad200. [PMID: 37596830 PMCID: PMC10809041 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with lower physical activity but less is known about its association with daily patterns of activity. We examined the cross-sectional association between ankle-brachial index (ABI) and objectively measured patterns of physical activity among Hispanic/Latino adults. METHODS We analyzed data from 7 688 participants (aged 45-74 years) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. ABI was categorized as low (≤0.90, indicating PAD), borderline low (0.91-0.99), normal (1.00-1.40), and high (>1.40, indicating incompressible ankle arteries). Daily physical activity metrics derived from accelerometer data included: log of total activity counts (LTAC), total log-transformed activity counts (TLAC), and active-to-sedentary transition probability (ASTP). Average differences between ABI categories in physical activity, overall and by 4-hour time-of-day intervals, were assessed using linear regression and mixed-effects models, respectively. RESULTS In Hispanic/Latino adults, 5.3% and 2.6% had low and high ABIs, respectively. After adjustment, having a low compared to a normal ABI was associated with lower volume (LTAC = -0.13, p < .01; TLAC = -74.4, p = .04) and more fragmented physical activity (ASTP = 1.22%, p < .01). Having a low ABI was linked with more fragmented physical activity after 12 pm (p < .01). Having a high ABI was associated with lower volumes of activity (TLAC = -132.0, p = .03). CONCLUSIONS Having a low or high ABI is associated with lower and more fragmented physical activity in Hispanic/Latino adults. In adults with low ABI, physical activity is more fragmented in the afternoon to evening. Longitudinal research is warranted to expand these findings to guide targeted interventions for PAD or incompressible ankle arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venus Chiu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacek K Urbanek
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University and Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amal A Wanigatunga
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University and Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shoshana H Ballew
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University and Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Filigrana P, Moon JY, Gallo LC, Fernández-Rhodes L, Perreira KM, Daviglus ML, Thyagarajan B, Garcia-Bedoya OL, Cai J, Lipton RB, Kaplan RC, Gonzalez HM, Isasi CR. Childhood and Life-Course Socioeconomic Position and Cognitive Function in the Adult Population of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:2006-2017. [PMID: 37420108 PMCID: PMC10988221 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hispanic/Latino population experiences socioeconomic adversities across the lifespan and is at greater risk of cognitive impairment, yet little is known about the role of life-course socioeconomic position (SEP) in cognitive function in this population. Using baseline data (2008-2011) from adults (aged 45-74 years) of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, we assessed the association between childhood SEP and socioeconomic mobility with cognitive function, and whether this association was mediated by midlife SEP. Childhood SEP was assessed using parental education. An index combining participants' education and household income represented midlife SEP. Socioeconomic mobility was categorized as stable low, downward or upward mobility, and stable high-SEP. Cognitive function measures were modeled using survey linear regression with inverse-probability weighting, accounting for covariates. We used mediation analysis to estimate the indirect effect of childhood SEP on cognition through midlife SEP. High childhood SEP was associated with global cognition in adulthood (coefficient for parental education beyond high school vs. less than high school = 0.26, 95% confidence interval: 0.15, 0.37). This association was partially mediated through midlife SEP (indirect effect coefficient = 0.16, 95% confidence interval: 0.15, 0.18). Low SEP through the life course was associated with the lowest cognitive function. This study provides evidence that life-course SEP influences cognitive performance in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Filigrana
- Correspondence to Dr. Paola Filigrana, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building-Room 1308, Bronx, NY 10461 (e-mail: )
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Pan K, Bazzano LA, Betha K, Charlton BM, Chavarro JE, Cordero C, Gunderson EP, Haggerty CL, Hart JE, Jukic AM, Ley SH, Mishra GD, Mumford SL, Schisterman EF, Schliep K, Shaffer JG, Sotres-Alvarez D, Stanford JB, Wilcox AJ, Wise LA, Yeung E, Harville EW. Large-Scale Data Harmonization Across Prospective Studies. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:2033-2049. [PMID: 37403415 PMCID: PMC10988223 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Preconception Period Analysis of Risks and Exposures Influencing Health and Development (PrePARED) Consortium creates a novel resource for addressing preconception health by merging data from numerous cohort studies. In this paper, we describe our data harmonization methods and results. Individual-level data from 12 prospective studies were pooled. The crosswalk-cataloging-harmonization procedure was used. The index pregnancy was defined as the first postbaseline pregnancy lasting more than 20 weeks. We assessed heterogeneity across studies by comparing preconception characteristics in different types of studies. The pooled data set included 114,762 women, and 25,531 (22%) reported at least 1 pregnancy of more than 20 weeks' gestation during the study period. Babies from the index pregnancies were delivered between 1976 and 2021 (median, 2008), at a mean maternal age of 29.7 (standard deviation, 4.6) years. Before the index pregnancy, 60% of women were nulligravid, 58% had a college degree or more, and 37% were overweight or obese. Other harmonized variables included race/ethnicity, household income, substance use, chronic conditions, and perinatal outcomes. Participants from pregnancy-planning studies had more education and were healthier. The prevalence of preexisting medical conditions did not vary substantially based on whether studies relied on self-reported data. Use of harmonized data presents opportunities to study uncommon preconception risk factors and pregnancy-related events. This harmonization effort laid the groundwork for future analyses and additional data harmonization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emily W Harville
- Correspondence to Dr. Emily W. Harville, Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112 (e-mail: )
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Wong-Welch J, Cripps RM. A collaborative approach to promote use of 3D printing in a biology research laboratory. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2023; 51:635-643. [PMID: 37584429 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) design and printing are customizable and cost-effective approaches to developing small equipment and other items for use in various interdisciplinary applications. However, many pedagogical approaches to 3D printing focus more on the generation of artifacts than on the involvement of students as creators. Moreover, library makerspaces offer 3D printing services but cannot always engage the students with practical applications of their designs. We sought to determine if promoted use of 3D printing could be developed in biology laboratory trainees, ranging from undergraduate students to postdoctoral fellows. We combined two instructional workshops in the San Diego State University Library build IT makerspace, with two individual assignments to build items for the research laboratory. Evaluation of the course revealed that participants had expected the design and print processes to be of high complexity, but learned that the necessary skills could be acquired and applied in a relatively short period of time. Also, we found that trainees became proficient in 3D design and printing, and that a majority of individuals used 3D printing for subsequent applications. This effective translation of 3D printing to the research laboratory can be a paradigm for how 3D fabrication is taught. Moreover, this approach required the collaboration of library makerspace and research faculty, underlining the value of embedded librarianship in enhancing training and knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Wong-Welch
- University Library, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard M Cripps
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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10
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Ramage K, Stirling-Cameron E, Ramos NE, Martinez SanRoman I, Bojorquez I, Spata A, Baltazar Lujano B, Goldenberg SM. "When you leave your country, this is what you're in for": experiences of structural, legal, and gender-based violence among asylum-seeking women at the Mexico-U.S. border. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1699. [PMID: 37659997 PMCID: PMC10474729 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent U.S. immigration policy has increasingly focused on asylum deterrence and has been used extensively to rapidly deport and deter asylum-seekers, leaving thousands of would-be asylum-seekers waiting indefinitely in Mexican border cities, a large and growing proportion of whom are pregnant and parenting women. In the border city of Tijuana, Mexico, these women are spending unprecedented durations waiting under unsafe humanitarian conditions to seek safety in the U.S, with rising concerns regarding increases in gender-based violence (GBV) among this population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given existing gaps in evidence, we aimed to describe the lived experiences of GBV in the context of asylum deterrence policies among pregnant and parenting asylum-seeking women at the Mexico-U.S. border. METHODS Within the community-based Maternal and Infant Health for Refugee & Asylum-Seeking Women (MIHRA) study, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 30 asylum-seeking women in Tijuana, Mexico between June and December 2022. Eligible women had been pregnant or postpartum since March 2020, were 18-49 years old, and migrated for the purposes of seeking asylum in the U.S. Drawing on conceptualizations of structural and legal violence, we conducted a thematic analysis of participants' experiences of GBV in the context of asylum deterrence policies and COVID-19. RESULTS Pregnant and parenting asylum-seeking women routinely faced multiple forms of GBV perpetuated by asylum deterrence policies at all stages of migration (pre-migration, in transit, and in Tijuana). Indefinite wait times to cross the border and inadequate/unsafe shelter exacerbated further vulnerability to GBV. Repeated exposure to GBV contributed to poor mental health among women who reported feelings of fear, isolation, despair, shame, and anxiety. The lack of supports and legal recourse related to GBV in Tijuana highlighted the impact of asylum deterrence policies on this ongoing humanitarian crisis. CONCLUSION Asylum deterrence policies undermine the health and safety of pregnant and parenting asylum-seeking women at the Mexico-U.S. border. There is an urgent need to end U.S. asylum deterrence policies and to provide respectful, appropriate, and adequately resourced humanitarian supports to pregnant and parenting asylum-seeking women in border cities, to reduce women's risk of GBV and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee Ramage
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emma Stirling-Cameron
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Isela Martinez SanRoman
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Latin American Studies, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ietza Bojorquez
- Department of Population Studies, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Arianna Spata
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Latin American Studies, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Shira M Goldenberg
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.
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11
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Lovato TL, Blotz B, Bileckyj C, Johnston CA, Cripps RM. Modeling a variant of unknown significance in the Drosophila ortholog of the human cardiogenic gene NKX2.5. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050059. [PMID: 37691628 PMCID: PMC10548113 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of human genome samples has unearthed genetic variants for which functional testing is necessary to validate their clinical significance. We used the Drosophila system to analyze a variant of unknown significance in the human congenital heart disease gene NKX2.5 (also known as NKX2-5). We generated an R321N allele of the NKX2.5 ortholog tinman (tin) to model a human K158N variant and tested its function in vitro and in vivo. The R321N Tin isoform bound poorly to DNA in vitro and was deficient in activating a Tin-dependent enhancer in tissue culture. Mutant Tin also showed a significantly reduced interaction with a Drosophila T-box cardiac factor named Dorsocross1. We generated a tinR321N allele using CRISPR/Cas9, for which homozygotes were viable and had normal heart specification, but showed defects in the differentiation of the adult heart that were exacerbated by further loss of tin function. We propose that the human K158N variant is pathogenic through causing a deficiency in DNA binding and a reduced ability to interact with a cardiac co-factor, and that cardiac defects might arise later in development or adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- TyAnna L. Lovato
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Brenna Blotz
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Cayleen Bileckyj
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | | | - Richard M. Cripps
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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12
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Moon KS, Lee SQ. A Wearable Multimodal Wireless Sensing System for Respiratory Monitoring and Analysis. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6790. [PMID: 37571572 PMCID: PMC10422350 DOI: 10.3390/s23156790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Wireless sensing systems are required for continuous health monitoring and data collection. It allows for patient data collection in real time rather than through time-consuming and expensive hospital or lab visits. This technology employs wearable sensors, signal processing, and wireless data transfer to remotely monitor patients' health. The research offers a novel approach to providing primary diagnostics remotely with a digital health system for monitoring pulmonary health status using a multimodal wireless sensor device. The technology uses a compact wearable with new integration of acoustics and biopotentials sensors to monitor cardiovascular and respiratory activity to provide comprehensive and fast health status monitoring. Furthermore, the small wearable sensor size may stick to human skin and record heart and lung activities to monitor respiratory health. This paper proposes a sensor data fusion method of lung sounds and cardiograms for potential real-time respiration pattern diagnostics, including respiratory episodes like low tidal volume and coughing. With a p-value of 0.003 for sound signals and 0.004 for electrocardiogram (ECG), preliminary tests demonstrated that it was possible to detect shallow breathing and coughing at a meaningful level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee S. Moon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Sung Q Lee
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
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13
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Goldenberg SM, Fischer F. Migration and health research: past, present, and future. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1425. [PMID: 37491195 PMCID: PMC10369712 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Global migration continues to rise at unprecedented rates. Migrants are an extremely heterogeneous group and face diverse health needs related to infectious diseases, sexual and reproductive health, non-communicable diseases, and healthcare access across the whole lifespan. In this editorial, we set the context and invite contributions for a collection on 'Migration and health' at BMC Public Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira M Goldenberg
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 9500 Campanile Drive, 92182-4162, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Public Health Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Kent BV, Upenieks L, Kanaya AM, Warner ET, Cozier YC, Daviglus ML, Eliassen H, Jang DY, Shields AE. Religion/Spirituality and Prevalent Hypertension among Ethnic Cohorts in the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:649-661. [PMID: 37265144 PMCID: PMC10354840 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a significant public health issue, particularly for Blacks, Hispanics/Latinos, and South Asians who are at greater risk than whites. Religion and spirituality (R/S) have been shown to be protective, but this has been identified primarily in whites with limited R/S measures examined (i.e., religious service attendance). PURPOSE To assess hypertension prevalence (HP) in four racial/ethnic groups while incorporating an array of R/S variables, including individual prayer, group prayer, nontheistic daily spiritual experiences, yoga, gratitude, positive religious coping, and negative religious coping. METHODS Data were drawn from the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health, a consortium of ethnically diverse U.S. cohorts. The sample included 994 Black women, 838 Hispanic/Latino men and women, 879 South Asian men and women, and 3681 white women. Using a cross-sectional design, prevalence ratios for R/S and hypertension were reported for each cohort, in addition to pooled analyses. Given differences in R/S among men and women, all models were stratified by gender. RESULTS Different patterns of associations were found between women and men. Among women: 1) religious attendance was associated with lower HP among Black and white women; 2) gratitude was linked to lower HP among Hispanic/Latino, South Asian, and white women; 3) individual prayer was associated with higher HP among Hispanic/Latino and white women; 4) yoga was associated with higher HP among South Asian women, and 5) negative religious coping was linked to higher HP among Black women. Among men: significant results were only found among Hispanic/Latino men. Religious attendance and individual prayer were associated with higher HP, while group prayer and negative religious coping were associated with lower HP. CONCLUSION Religion/spirituality is a multifaceted construct that manifests differently by race/ethnicity and gender. Medical practitioners should avoid a one-size-fits-all approach to this topic when evaluating prevalent hypertension in diverse communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Victor Kent
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Upenieks
- Department of Sociology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erica T Warner
- Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yvette C Cozier
- Boston University Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Daniel Y Jang
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra E Shields
- Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Do Y, Ko M, Lee YK. Impact of surface cooling on the water harvesting efficiency of nanostructured window glass. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22325-22334. [PMID: 37497098 PMCID: PMC10366654 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03433j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans face a severe shortage of fresh water due to economic growth, climate change, overpopulation, and overutilization. Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is a promising solution where clean water is collected from the air through various approaches, including dropwise condensation. However, designing surfaces that balance rapid condensation with efficient water removal is challenging. To address this issue, inspired by the efficient water collection mechanisms in the skin of cold-blooded tree frogs, we propose an eco-friendly approach to collect fresh water from cooled window glass. We fabricated various planar and TiO2 nanostructured surfaces including surfaces mimicking a lotus leaf and a hybrid surface mimicking a desert beetle and a cactus, with different wettability levels such as superhydrophilic, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, superhydrophobic, and biphilic. Sub-cooling of glass substrates between 5 and 15 °C using a Peltier device significantly enhanced the condensation process for all surfaces, with modest dependency on surface properties. This cooling temperature regime could be achieved by geothermal cooling methods that consume little energy. To improve visibility for window applications, we developed hydrophobic polymer nanofilm-modified glass substrates using a simple spin-coating technique, and achieved comparable water harvesting efficiency to that of nanostructured substrates. Our study provides insight into the optimal surface structures and cooling temperature for window glass AWH systems that could be used with an underground cooling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonseo Do
- Grier School Pennsylvania 16686-0308 USA
| | - Minji Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University Seoul 02707 Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University San Diego CA 92182 USA
| | - Young Kwang Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University San Diego CA 92182 USA
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16
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Persky V, Abasilim C, Tsintsifas K, Day T, Sargis RM, Daviglus ML, Cai J, Freels S, Unterman T, Chavez N, Kaplan R, Isasi CR, Pirzada A, Meyer ML, Talavera GA, Thyagarajan B, Peters BA, Madrigal JM, Grieco A, Turyk ME. Sex Hormones and Diabetes in 45- to 74-year-old Men and Postmenopausal Women: The Hispanic Community Health Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1709-1726. [PMID: 36633580 PMCID: PMC10271226 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated associations of endogenous sex hormones with diabetes. Less is known about their dynamic relationship with diabetes progression through different stages of the disease, independence of associations, and role of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis. The purpose of this analysis was to examine relationships of endogenous sex hormones with incident diabetes, prediabetes, and diabetes traits in 693 postmenopausal women and 1015 men aged 45 to 74 years without diabetes at baseline participating in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and followed for 6 years. Baseline hormones included estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and, in men, testosterone and bioavailable testosterone. Associations were analyzed using multivariable Poisson and linear regressions. In men, testosterone was inversely associated with conversion from prediabetes to diabetes (incidence rate ratio [IRR] for 1 SD increase in testosterone: 0.821; 95% CI, 0.676, 0.997; P = 0.046), but not conversion from normoglycemia to prediabetes. Estradiol was positively associated with increase in fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. In women, SHBG was inversely associated with change in glycosylated hemoglobin, postload glucose, and conversion from prediabetes to diabetes (IRR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44, 0.86, P = 0.005) but not from normoglycemia to prediabetes. Relationships with other hormones varied across glycemic measures. Stronger associations of testosterone and SHBG with transition from prediabetes to diabetes than from normoglycemic to prediabetes suggest they are operative at later stages of diabetes development. Biologic pathways by which sex hormones affect glucose homeostasis await future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Persky
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Chibuzor Abasilim
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Konstantina Tsintsifas
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Tessa Day
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago and Medical Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,USA
| | - Sally Freels
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Terry Unterman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago and Medical Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Noel Chavez
- Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amber Pirzada
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Michelle L Meyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,USA
| | | | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brandilyn A Peters
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jessica M Madrigal
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Arielle Grieco
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Mary E Turyk
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL,USA
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17
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Luo H, Wu B, González H, Stickel A, Kaste L, Tarraf W, Daviglus M, Sanders A, Cai J. Tooth Loss, Periodontal Disease, and Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Hispanic/Latino Immigrants: The Moderating Effects of Age at Immigration. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:949-957. [PMID: 36049219 PMCID: PMC10235192 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives were to assess (a) the association between poor oral health and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Hispanic/Latino immigrants and (b) potential modification effects on this association by age at immigration. METHODS Data were from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and its ancillary study-the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging. MCI, a binary outcome variable, defined by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria. The main exposure was significant tooth loss (STL), defined as a loss of 8 or more teeth, and periodontitis, classified using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American Academy of Periodontology case classification. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between STL/periodontitis and MCI and test moderation effects of age at immigration. The analytical sample comprised 5 709 Hispanic/Latino adult immigrants. RESULTS Hispanic/Latino immigrants with STL (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.85) were more likely to have MCI than those with greater tooth retention. Overall, migration to the United States after age 18 was associated with greater odds of MCI than migration at a younger age. A significant interaction effect between STL and age at immigration revealed that the effect of STL on MCI is even higher in those who immigrated to the United States at ages 35-49 years. CONCLUSIONS STL is a significant risk factor for MCI and age at immigration had a modification effect on the association between STL and MCI. Better access to dental care, health education on risk factors of MCI, and promotion of good oral health may mitigate the burden of cognitive impairment in Hispanics/Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Luo
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Hector M González
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ariana Stickel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Linda M Kaste
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Department of Healthcare Sciences, Wayne State University, Institute of Gerontology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne E Sanders
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Smeets M, Koohbor B, Youssef G. Quasi-Static Mechanical Response of Density-Graded Polyurea Elastomeric Foams. ACS Appl Polym Mater 2023; 5:2840-2851. [PMID: 37090421 PMCID: PMC10112387 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Density gradation of foam structures has been investigated and found to be a practical approach to improve the mechanical efficacy of protective padding in several applications based on nature-based evidence of effectiveness. This research aims to disclose a discrete gradation approach without adhesives by relying on the properties of the frothed foam slurry to bond and penetrate through previously cured foam sheets naturally. As confirmed by electron microscopy observations, bilayer- and trilayer-graded elastomeric polyurea foam sheets were fabricated, resulting in seamless interfaces. The mechanical performance of seamless, graded foam samples was compared with monolayer, mono-density benchmark foam, considered the industry standard for impact mitigation. All foam samples were submitted to compressive loading at a quasi-static rate, reporting key performance indicators (KPIs) such as specific energy absorption, efficiency, and ideality. Polyurea foams, irrespective of gradation and interface type, outperformed benchmark foam in several KPIs despite the drastic difference in the effective or average density. The average compressive stress-strain curves were fitted into empirical constitutive models to reveal critical insights into the elastic, plateau, and densification behaviors of the tested foam configuration. The novelty of these outcomes includes (1) a fabrication approach to adhesive-free density-graded foam structures, (2) implementation of a diverse set of KPIs to assess the mechanical efficacy of foams, and (3) elucidation of the superiority of polyurea foam-based lightweight protective paddings. Future research will focus on assessing the dynamic performance of these graded foam structures under impact loading conditions at a wide range of velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Smeets
- Experimental
Mechanics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 921821, United States
| | - Behrad Koohbor
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - George Youssef
- Experimental
Mechanics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 921821, United States
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19
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Yao S, Van R, Pan X, Park JH, Mao Y, Pu J, Mei Y, Shao Y. Machine learning based implicit solvent model for aqueous-solution alanine dipeptide molecular dynamics simulations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4565-4577. [PMID: 36760282 PMCID: PMC9900604 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08180f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the recent work from Noé and coworkers on the development of machine learning based implicit solvent model for the simulation of solvated peptides [Chen et al., J. Chem. Phys., 2021, 155, 084101], here we report another investigation of the possibility of using machine learning (ML) techniques to "derive" an implicit solvent model directly from explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. For alanine dipeptide, a machine learning potential (MLP) based on the DeepPot-SE representation of the molecule was trained to capture its interactions with its average solvent environment configuration (ASEC). The predicted forces on the solute deviated only by an RMSD of 0.4 kcal mol-1 Å-1 from the reference values, and the MLP-based free energy surface differed from that obtained from explicit solvent MD simulations by an RMSD of less than 0.9 kcal mol-1. Our MLP training protocol could also accurately reproduce combined quantum mechanical molecular mechanical (QM/MM) forces on the quantum mechanical (QM) solute in ASEC environment, thus enabling the development of accurate ML-based implicit solvent models for ab initio-QM MD simulations. Such ML-based implicit solvent models for QM calculations are cost-effective in both the training stage, where the use of ASEC reduces the number of data points to be labelled, and the inference stage, where the MLP can be evaluated at a relatively small additional cost on top of the QM calculation of the solute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyuan Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA
| | - Richard Van
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA
| | - Xiaoliang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA
| | - Ji Hwan Park
- School of Computer Science, University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA
| | - Yuezhi Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University San Diego CA 92182 USA
| | - Jingzhi Pu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Ye Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai Shanghai 200062 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 China
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA
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20
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Casagrande SS, Avilés-Santa ML, Sotres-Alvarez D, Gallo L, Simon M, Kominiarek M, Talavera G, Stuebe AM, Potter J, Perera MJ, Isasi C, Gonzalez JS, Rust K, Cowie C. Association between gestational diabetes and 6-year incident diabetes: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/6/e002980. [PMID: 36375861 PMCID: PMC9664292 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-002980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes (GDM) disproportionately affect those of Hispanic/Latino heritage. This study examined the association between GDM and prevalent and incident diabetes in a community-based study of Hispanic/Latina women living in the USA. METHODS Participants were women aged 18-74 years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos who had at least one pregnancy and had information on self-reported history of GDM at baseline (n=6389). Logistic regression was used to determine the association between GDM and prevalent (2008-2011) and incident (2014-2017) diabetes and interactions between GDM and risk factors for incident diabetes. RESULTS At baseline, 8.7% of participants reported a history of GDM and 18.6% had prevalent diabetes. Women with Mexican heritage had the highest prevalence of GDM history (11.3%) vs women of Cuban (5.0%), Central American (4.9%), and South American (3.8%) heritage (p<0.001 for each comparison to Mexican heritage). Women with self-reported GDM were four times more likely to have prevalent diabetes compared with women without GDM, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and cardiometabolic risk factors (adjusted OR (aOR)=3.94, 95% CI 2.75 to 5.64). Overall incidence of diabetes was 14.3/100 women. Women with GDM at baseline increased their odds of incident diabetes by threefold compared with women without GDM (aOR=3.25, 95% CI 2.09 to 5.05). Women with Cuban or Puerto Rican heritage and GDM had significantly higher odds of incident diabetes compared with women with Mexican heritage (aOR=2.15, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.95; aOR=1.95, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.55, respectively). CONCLUSION Self-reported GDM was significantly associated with a threefold higher risk of incident diabetes among Hispanic/Latino women in the USA even after adjusting for several significant predictors of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Larissa Avilés-Santa
- National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Linda Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Melissa Simon
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michelle Kominiarek
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory Talavera
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Alison M Stuebe
- Department of Obsterics & Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - JoNell Potter
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marisa Judith Perera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carmen Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Gonzalez
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Catherine Cowie
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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21
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Chen YY, Chen GC, Abittan N, Xing J, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Sotres-Alvarez D, Mattei J, Daviglus M, Isasi CR, Hu FB, Kaplan R, Qi Q. Healthy dietary patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease in US Hispanics/Latinos: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:920-927. [PMID: 36041183 PMCID: PMC9535510 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple dietary patterns have been recommended by the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The adherence to these patterns and its relation with risk of CVD remain unclear in the US Hispanic/Latino population. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate 3 healthy eating patterns measured by 3 dietary pattern scores [the Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, and the healthful Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI)] across different Hispanic/Latino backgrounds and generations. We further examined the associations of these dietary scores with incident CVD in US Hispanics/Latinos. METHODS We included 10,293 adult participants of US Hispanics/Latinos of 6 backgrounds (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Central American, and South American), free of CVD or cancer at baseline, in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Dietary pattern scores were derived at the baseline visit using two 24-h dietary recalls. The primary outcome was major incident CVD (n = 232), comprised of coronary heart disease and stroke, during an average 6-y follow-up. RESULTS Mean levels of all 3 dietary scores were significantly different across the 6 Hispanic/Latino background groups (all P < 0.001), with the highest (i.e., healthiest) in those of Mexican background and lowest in those of Puerto Rican background. Compared with non-mainland-US-born Hispanics/Latinos, mainland-US-born Hispanics/Latinos had significantly lower dietary scores (P < 0.001). Differences in dietary scores between mainland-US-born and non-mainland-US-born Hispanics/Latinos were majorly driven by differences in dietary intakes of healthy plant-based foods. After adjusting for multiple covariates, significantly lower risk ratios (95% CI) of CVD were observed for 1-SD increments of the dietary scores, with 0.74 (0.60, 0.91) for aMED, 0.80 (0.63, 1.00) for HEI-2015, and 0.74 (0.60, 0.93) for hPDI. CONCLUSIONS Although adherence to healthy eating patterns varied by Hispanic/Latino backgrounds and generations, greater adherence to these eating patterns was associated with lower risk of CVD across diverse US Hispanics/Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yun Chen
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel Abittan
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jiaqian Xing
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Powell F, Levine A, Ordonez-Gauger L. Climate adaptation in the market squid fishery: fishermen responses to past variability associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation cycles inform our understanding of adaptive capacity in the face of future climate change. Clim Change 2022; 173:1. [PMID: 35811834 PMCID: PMC9252554 DOI: 10.1007/s10584-022-03394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Evaluating the strategies fishermen have used to respond to short-term climate variability in the past can help inform our understanding of the adaptive capacity of a fishery in the face of anticipated future change. Using historic fishery landings, climate records, and fishermen surveys, we document how market squid fishermen respond to high seasonal and interannual climate variability associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and responses to hypothetical future scenarios of low abundance and range shift. Overall, fishermen have been able to adapt to dramatic shifts in the geographic range of the fishery given their high mobility, with fishermen with larger vessels expressing a willingness to travel greater distances than those with smaller vessels. Nearly half of fishermen stated that they would switch fisheries if market squid decreased dramatically in abundance, although fishermen who were older, had been in the fishery longer, were highly dependent on squid for income, and held only squid and/or coastal pelagic finfish permits were less likely to switch to another fishery in a scenario of lower abundance. While market squid fishermen have exhibited highly adaptive behavior in the face of past climate variability, recent (and likely future) range shifts across state boundaries, as well as closures of other fisheries, constrain fishermen's choices and emphasize the need for flexibility in management systems. Our study highlights the importance of considering connectivity between fisheries and monitoring and anticipating trans-jurisdictional range shifts to facilitate adaptive fishery management. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10584-022-03394-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrah Powell
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - Arielle Levine
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
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23
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Marquine MJ, Gallo LC, Tarraf W, Wu B, Moore AA, Vásquez PM, Talavera G, Allison M, Muñoz E, Isasi CR, Perreira KM, Bigornia SJ, Daviglus M, Estrella ML, Zeng D, González HM. The Association of Stress, Metabolic Syndrome, and Systemic Inflammation With Neurocognitive Function in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and Its Sociocultural Ancillary Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:860-871. [PMID: 34378777 PMCID: PMC9071500 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identifying sociocultural correlates of neurocognitive dysfunction among Hispanics/Latinos, and their underlying biological pathways, is crucial for understanding disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We examined cross-sectional associations between stress and neurocognition, and the role that metabolic syndrome (MetS) and systemic inflammation might play in these associations. METHOD Participants included 3,045 adults aged 45-75 (56% female, education 0-20+ years, 86% Spanish-speaking, 23% U.S.-born), enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and its Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Global neurocognition was the primary outcome and operationalized as the average of the z scores of measures of learning and memory, word fluency, and processing speed. Stress measures included self-report assessments of stress appraisal (perceived and acculturative stress) and exposure to chronic and traumatic stressors. MetS was defined via established criteria including waist circumference, high blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, and high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Systemic inflammation was represented by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS Separate survey multivariable linear regression models adjusting for covariates showed that higher perceived (b = -0.004, SE = 0.002, p < .05) and acculturative stress (b = -0.004, SE = 0.001, p < .0001) were significantly associated with worse global neurocognition, while lifetime exposure to traumatic stressors was associated with better global neurocognition (b = 0.034, SE = 0.009, p < .001). Neither MetS nor hs-CRP were notable pathways in the association between stress and neurocognition; rather, they were both independently associated with worse neurocognition in models including stress measures (ps < .05). DISCUSSION These cross-sectional analyses suggest that stress appraisal, MetS, and systemic inflammation may be targets to reduce neurocognitive dysfunction among Hispanics/Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Marquine
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Department of Healthcare Sciences, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Benson Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alison A Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Priscilla M Vásquez
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gregory Talavera
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Muñoz
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sherman J Bigornia
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute of Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mayra L Estrella
- Institute of Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hector M González
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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24
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Wang DD, Qi Q, Wang Z, Usyk M, Sotres-Alvarez D, Mattei J, Tamez M, Gellman MD, Daviglus M, Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Huttenhower C, Knight R, Burk RD, Kaplan RC. The Gut Microbiome Modifies the Association Between a Mediterranean Diet and Diabetes in USA Hispanic/ Latino Population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e924-e934. [PMID: 34747479 PMCID: PMC8851916 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The interrelationships among the gut microbiome, the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), and a clinical endpoint of diabetes is unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify gut microbial features of a MedDiet and examine whether the association between MedDiet and diabetes varies across individuals with different gut microbial profiles. METHODS This study included 543 diabetic, 805 prediabetic, and 394 normoglycemic participants from a cohort study of USA Hispanic/Latino men and women. Fecal samples were profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Adherence to MedDiet was evaluated by an index based on 2 24-hour dietary recalls. RESULTS A greater MedDiet adherence was associated with higher abundances of major dietary fiber metabolizers (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, false-discovery-rate-adjusted P [q] = 0.01), and lower abundances of biochemical specialists (e.g., Parabacteroides, q = 0.04). The gut microbiomes of participants with greater MedDiet adherence were enriched for functions involved in dietary fiber degradation but depleted for those related to sulfur reduction and lactose and galactose degradation. The associations between MedDiet adherence and diabetes prevalence were significantly stronger among participants with depleted abundance of Prevotella (pinteraction = 0.03 for diabetes, 0.02 for prediabetes/diabetes, and 0.02 for prediabetes). A 1-SD deviation increment in the MedDiet index was associated with 24% (odds ratio [OR] 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.98) and 7% (OR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.72-1.20) lower odds of diabetes in Prevotella noncarriers and carriers, respectively. CONCLUSION Adherence to MedDiet is associated with diverse gut microorganisms and microbial functions. The inverse association between the MedDiet and diabetes prevalence varies significantly depending on gut microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong D Wang
- The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence: Robert C. Kaplan, PhD, Professor, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Dorothy and William Manealoff Foundation and Molly Rosen Chair in Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building, Room 1315, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. ; or Dong D. Wang, MD, ScD, Assistant Professor, The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Floor, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. E-mail:
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mykhaylo Usyk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Studies Coordinator Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha Tamez
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc D Gellman
- Department of Psychology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute of Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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25
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González KA, Tarraf W, Wallace DM, Stickel AM, Schneiderman N, Redline S, Patel SR, Gallo LC, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Daviglus ML, Zee PC, Talavera GA, Sotres-Alvarez D, González HM, Ramos A. Phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab181. [PMID: 34272952 PMCID: PMC8664595 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Recent work on US Whites from clinical samples used obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms to generate phenotypes for individuals with moderate-severe OSA which suggested 3 to 5 symptom classes. However, it is unknown whether similar classes generalize to diverse Hispanics/Latino adults. Therefore, we sought to fill this gap by empirically deriving sleep phenotypes among a large sample of diverse Hispanics/Latinos. METHODS We used data from The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; 2008-2011), a prospective cohort study designed using a multisite multistage probability sample of adults 18-74 years old. The subpopulation of interest included participants with moderate-severe OSA symptoms (≥15 respiratory event index (REI) events per hour; n = 1,605). We performed latent class analysis for complex survey data using 15 common OSA symptoms (e.g. Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and 4 comorbidities to identify phenotype classes. RESULTS Average age was 52.4 ± 13.9 years and 34.0% were female. Mean REI was 33.8 ± 22.5 events per hour. Fit statistics and clinical significance suggested that a three-class solution provided the best fit to the data. The three phenotypes were: (1) Minimally Symptomatic (47.7%), (2) Excessive sleepiness (37.1%), and (3) Disturbed Sleep (15.2%). Sensitivity models were consistent with the main proposed solution. CONCLUSIONS Derived sleep phenotypes among diverse Hispanic/Latinos were consistent with recent findings from the Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium, but we found notable differences in class prevalence relative to Whites. Further research is needed to link derived sleep phenotypes to health comorbidities in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A González
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Department of Healthcare Sciences and Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Douglas M Wallace
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ariana M Stickel
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology and South Bay Latino Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hector M González
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Ramos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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26
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Maldonado LE, Adair LS, Sotres-Alvarez D, Mattei J, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Perreira KM, Daviglus ML, Van Horn LV, Gallo LC, Isasi CR, Albrecht SS. Dietary Patterns and Years Living in the United States by Hispanic/Latino Heritage in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). J Nutr 2021; 151:2749-2759. [PMID: 34320207 PMCID: PMC8417926 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous diet findings in Hispanics/Latinos rarely reflect differences in commonly consumed and culturally relevant foods across heritage groups and by years lived in the United States. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify and compare a posteriori heritage-specific dietary patterns (DPs) and evaluate their associations with "healthfulness" [using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010)] and years living in the United States. METHODS We used baseline data from a population-based cohort of 14,099 Hispanics/Latinos aged 18-74 y in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We performed principal factor analysis using two 24-h recalls to derive DPs, separately, in each heritage group (Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central American, and South American), and identified overarching DPs based on high-loading foods shared by ≥2 groups. We used multivariable linear regression to test associations of DPs with AHEI-2010 and years living in the United States. RESULTS We identified 5 overarching DPs (Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks; White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats; Fish; Egg & Cheese; and Alcohol). All Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks DPs were inversely associated with AHEI-2010, whereas all Fish DPs (except Dominican) were positively associated with this index (all P-trend < 0.001). White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats DPs showed inverse associations in Cuban and Central American groups and positive associations in Mexican-origin individuals (all P-trend < 0.001). Fewer years living in the United States was associated with higher scores for White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats DPs in Cuban and Mexican heritage groups and lower scores on Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks DPs in Cuban, Mexican, and Puerto Rican groups (all P-trend < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show substantial variation in DPs across Hispanics/Latinos and adherence to DPs by time in the United States, which could inform dietary interventions targeting this diverse US population. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02060344.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Maldonado
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Linda S Adair
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Social Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda V Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sandra S Albrecht
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
While highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is successful in controlling the replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) in many patients, currently there is no cure for HIV-1, presumably due to the presence of reservoirs of the virus. One of the least studied viral reservoirs is the brain, which the virus enters by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via macrophages, which are considered as conduits between the blood and the brain. The presence of HIV-1 in the brain often leads to HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), such as encephalitis and early-onset dementia. In this study we develop a novel mathematical model that describes HIV-1 infection in the brain and in the plasma coupled via the BBB. The model predictions are consistent with data from macaques infected with a mixture of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). Using our model, we estimate the rate of virus transport across the BBB as well as viral replication inside the brain, and we compute the basic reproduction number. We also carry out thorough sensitivity analysis to define the robustness of the model predictions on virus dynamics inside the brain. Our model provides useful insight into virus replication within the brain and suggests that the brain can be an important reservoir causing long-term viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T. Barker
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Drury University, Missouri, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Naveen K. Vaidya
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
- Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
- Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
- * E-mail:
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Stephenson BJK, Sotres-Alvarez D, Siega-Riz AM, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Daviglus ML, Van Horn L, Herring AH, Cai J. Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns Using Robust Profile Clustering in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. J Nutr 2020; 150:2825-2834. [PMID: 32710754 PMCID: PMC7549309 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latent class models (LCMs) have been used in exploring dietary behaviors over a wide set of foods and beverages in a given population, but are prone to overgeneralize these habits in the presence of variation by subpopulations. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to highlight unique dietary consumption differences by both study site and ethnic background of Hispanic/Latino populations in the United States, that otherwise might be missed in a traditional LCM of the overall population. This was achieved using a new model-based clustering method, referred to as robust profile clustering (RPC). METHODS A total of 11,320 individuals aged 18-74 y from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008-2011) with complete diet data were classified into 9 subpopulations, defined by study site (Bronx, Chicago, Miami, San Diego) and ethnic background. At baseline, dietary intake was ascertained using a food propensity questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived from 132 food groups using the RPC method to identify patterns of the general Hispanic/Latino population and those specific to an identified subpopulation. Dietary patterns derived from the RPC were compared to those identified from an LCM. RESULTS The LCM identified 48 shared consumption behaviors of foods and beverages across the entire cohort, whereas significant consumption differences in subpopulations were identified in the RPC model for these same foods. Several foods were common within study site (e.g., chicken, orange juice, milk), ethnic background (e.g., papayas, plantain, coffee), or both (e.g., rice, tomatoes, seafood). Post hoc testing revealed an improved model fit in the RPC model [Deviance Information Criterion DICRPC = 2.3 × 104, DICLCM = 9.5 × 106]. CONCLUSIONS Dietary pattern behaviors of Hispanics/Latinos in the United States tend to align by ethnic background for some foods and by location for other foods. Consideration of both factors is imperative to better understand their contributions to population health and developing targeted nutrition intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana J K Stephenson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna-Maria Siega-Riz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Services, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy H Herring
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Lappan S, Malaivijitnond S, Radhakrishna S, Riley EP, Ruppert N. The human-primate interface in the New Normal: Challenges and opportunities for primatologists in the COVID-19 era and beyond. Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23176. [PMID: 32686188 PMCID: PMC7404331 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 and human responses to the resulting COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 have rapidly changed many aspects of human behavior, including our interactions with wildlife. In this commentary, we identify challenges and opportunities at human-primate interfaces in light of COVID-19, focusing on examples from Asia, and make recommendations for researchers working with wild primates to reduce zoonosis risk and leverage research opportunities. First, we briefly review the evidence for zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss risks of zoonosis at the human-primate interface. We then identify challenges that the pandemic has caused for primates, including reduced nutrition, increased intraspecific competition, and increased poaching risk, as well as challenges facing primatologists, including lost research opportunities. Subsequently, we highlight opportunities arising from pandemic-related lockdowns and public health messaging, including opportunities to reduce the intensity of problematic human-primate interfaces, opportunities to reduce the risk of zoonosis between humans and primates, opportunities to reduce legal and illegal trade in primates, new opportunities for research on human-primate interfaces, and opportunities for community education. Finally, we recommend specific actions that primatologists should take to reduce contact and aggression between humans and primates, to reduce demand for primates as pets, to reduce risks of zoonosis in the context of field research, and to improve understanding of human-primate interfaces. Reducing the risk of zoonosis and promoting the well-being of humans and primates at our interfaces will require substantial changes from "business as usual." We encourage primatologists to help lead the way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Lappan
- Department of AnthropologyAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth Carolina
- School of Biological SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia
| | - Suchinda Malaivijitnond
- National Primate Research Center of ThailandChulalongkorn UniversityKaeng KhoiSaraburiThailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Sindhu Radhakrishna
- National Institute of Advanced StudiesIndian Institute of ScienceBengaluruIndia
| | - Erin P. Riley
- Department of AnthropologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Nadine Ruppert
- School of Biological SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia
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Ko E, Fuentes D, Singh-Carlson S, Nedjat-Haiem F. Challenges and facilitators of hospice decision-making: a retrospective review of family caregivers of home hospice patients in a rural US-Mexico border region-a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035634. [PMID: 32611740 PMCID: PMC7332198 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hospice care (HC) is seen as a comprehensive approach, that enhances quality of end-of-life (EOL) care, for terminally ill patients. Despite its positive aspects, HC enrolment is disproportionate for rural patients, who are less likely to use HC in comparison to their urban counterparts. The purpose of this study was to explore decision-making experiences, related to utilisation of HC programmes from a retrospective perspective, with family caregivers (FCGs) in a rural US-Mexico border region. DESIGN This qualitative study was conducted from May 2017 to January 2018 using semistructured face to face interviews with FCGs. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. SETTING The HC programme was situated at a local home health agency, located in rural Southern California, USA. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-eight informal FCGs of patients who were actively enrolled in the HC programme agreed to participate in the study. RESULTS Conversation about HC as an option was initiated by home healthcare staff (39.3%), followed by physicians (32.1%). Emerging themes related to challenges in utilisation of HC and decision-making included: (1) communication barriers; (2) lack of knowledge/misperception about HC; (3) emotional difficulties, including fear of losing their patient, doubt and uncertainty about the decision, denial and (4) patients are not ready for HC. Facilitators included: (1) patient's known EOL wishes; (2) FCG-physician EOL communication; (3) the patient's deteriorating health and (4) home as the place for death. CONCLUSIONS HC patients' FCGs in this rural region reported a lack of knowledge or misunderstanding of HC. It is recommended that healthcare providers need to actively engage family members in patient's EOL care planning. Optimal transition to an HC programme can be facilitated when FCGs are informed and have a clear understanding about patients' medical status along with information about HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Ko
- Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dahlia Fuentes
- Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Meyer ML, Sotres‐Alvarez D, Steiner AZ, Cousins L, Talavera GA, Cai J, Daviglus ML, Loehr LR. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Signs and Metabolic Syndrome in Premenopausal Hispanic/Latina Women: the HCHS/SOL Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5698885. [PMID: 31917455 PMCID: PMC7007876 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition of androgen excess in women, is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors; however, this association is not fully characterized in a population-based sample of premenopausal women and high-risk groups such as Hispanics/Latinas. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of PCOS signs and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in premenopausal Hispanic/Latina women. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis includes 1427 women age 24 to 44 years from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. PCOS signs included menstrual cycle greater than 35 days or irregular, self-reported PCOS, and oral contraceptive use to regulate periods or acne, and a composite of 1 or more PCOS signs. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI for MetS, accounting for sociodemographic factors and the complex survey design; an additional model included body mass index (BMI). RESULTS The mean age was 34 years and 30% reported any PCOS sign. The odds of MetS were higher in women reporting cycles greater than 35 days or irregular (OR 1.63; CI: 1.07-2.49) vs cycles 24 to 35 days, self-reported PCOS (OR 2.49; CI: 1.38-4.50) vs no PCOS, and any PCOS sign (OR 1.58; CI: 1.10-2.26) vs none. We found no association between OC use to regulate periods or acne and MetS (OR 1.1; CI: 0.6-1.8). When adjusting for BMI, only the association of self-reported PCOS and MetS was attenuated (OR 1.78; CI: 0.92-3.44). CONCLUSIONS In Hispanic/Latina women, irregular menstrual cycles, self-reported PCOS, and any PCOS sign were associated with MetS and could indicate women at metabolic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Meyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Correspondence: Michelle L. Meyer, PhD, MPH, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Department of Emergency Medicine, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7594, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7594. E-mail:
| | | | - Anne Z Steiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Duke, North Carolina
| | - Larry Cousins
- Children’s Specialists of San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Laura R Loehr
- Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Turner MB, Anderson BA, Samaan GN, Coste M, Burns DD, Purse BW. Synthesis of Fluorescence Turn-On DNA Hybridization Probe Using the DEA tC 2'-Deoxycytidine Analog. Curr Protoc Nucleic Acid Chem 2018; 75:e59. [PMID: 30369083 PMCID: PMC6284819 DOI: 10.1002/cpnc.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
DEA tC is a tricyclic 2'-deoxycytidine analog that can be incorporated into oligonucleotides by solid-phase synthesis and that exhibits a large fluorescence enhancement when correctly base-paired with a guanine base in a DNA-DNA duplex. The synthesis of DEA tC begins with 5-amino-2-methylbenzothiazole and provides the DEA tC nucleobase analog over five synthetic steps. This nucleobase analog is then silylated using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide and conjugated to Hoffer's chlorosugar to provide the protected DEA tC nucleoside in good yield. Following protective-group removal and chromatographic isolation of the β-anomer, dimethoxytritylation and phosphoramidite synthesis offer the monomer for solid-phase DNA synthesis. Solid-phase DNA synthesis conditions using extended coupling of the DEA tC amidite and a short deprotection time are employed to maximize efficiency. By following the protocols described in this unit, the DEA tC fluorescent probe can be synthesized and can be incorporated into any desired synthetic DNA oligonucleotide. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Benjamin Turner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Brooke A Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - George N Samaan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Michael Coste
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Dillon D Burns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Byron W Purse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
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Carlson DE, Hedin M. Comparative transcriptomics of Entelegyne spiders (Araneae, Entelegynae), with emphasis on molecular evolution of orphan genes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174102. [PMID: 28379977 PMCID: PMC5381867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technology is rapidly transforming the landscape of evolutionary biology, and has become a cost-effective and efficient means of collecting exome information for non-model organisms. Due to their taxonomic diversity, production of interesting venom and silk proteins, and the relative scarcity of existing genomic resources, spiders in particular are excellent targets for next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods. In this study, the transcriptomes of six entelegyne spider species from three genera (Cicurina travisae, C. vibora, Habronattus signatus, H. ustulatus, Nesticus bishopi, and N. cooperi) were sequenced and de novo assembled. Each assembly was assessed for quality and completeness and functionally annotated using gene ontology information. Approximately 100 transcripts with evidence of homology to venom proteins were discovered. After identifying more than 3,000 putatively orthologous genes across all six taxa, we used comparative analyses to identify 24 instances of positively selected genes. In addition, between ~ 550 and 1,100 unique orphan genes were found in each genus. These unique, uncharacterized genes exhibited elevated rates of amino acid substitution, potentially consistent with lineage-specific adaptive evolution. The data generated for this study represent a valuable resource for future phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary research, and our results provide new insight into the forces driving genome evolution in taxa that span the root of entelegyne spider phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Carlson
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Marshal Hedin
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
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Braje TJ, Rick TC, Szpak P, Newsome SD, McCain JM, Elliott Smith EA, Glassow M, Hamilton SL. Historical ecology and the conservation of large, hermaphroditic fishes in Pacific Coast kelp forest ecosystems. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1601759. [PMID: 28164155 PMCID: PMC5287704 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The intensive commercial exploitation of California sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher) has become a complex, multimillion-dollar industry. The fishery is of concern because of high harvest levels and potential indirect impacts of sheephead removals on the structure and function of kelp forest ecosystems. California sheephead are protogynous hermaphrodites that, as predators of sea urchins and other invertebrates, are critical components of kelp forest ecosystems in the northeast Pacific. Overfishing can trigger trophic cascades and widespread ecological dysfunction when other urchin predators are also lost from the system. Little is known about the ecology and abundance of sheephead before commercial exploitation. Lack of a historical perspective creates a gap for evaluating fisheries management measures and marine reserves that seek to rebuild sheephead populations to historical baseline conditions. We use population abundance and size structure data from the zooarchaeological record, in concert with isotopic data, to evaluate the long-term health and viability of sheephead fisheries in southern California. Our results indicate that the importance of sheephead to the diet of native Chumash people varied spatially across the Channel Islands, reflecting modern biogeographic patterns. Comparing ancient (~10,000 calibrated years before the present to 1825 CE) and modern samples, we observed variability and significant declines in the relative abundance of sheephead, reductions in size frequency distributions, and shifts in the dietary niche between ancient and modern collections. These results highlight how size-selective fishing can alter the ecological role of key predators and how zooarchaeological data can inform fisheries management by establishing historical baselines that aid future conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd J. Braje
- Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182–6040, USA
| | - Torben C. Rick
- Program in Human Ecology and Archaeobiology, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013–7012, USA
| | - Paul Szpak
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Seth D. Newsome
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131–0001, USA
| | - Joseph M. McCain
- Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182–6040, USA
| | | | - Michael Glassow
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Scott L. Hamilton
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
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