101
|
Abstract
Mini-Mu containing variable DNA sequences at the left end, were tested for their ability to be packaged by a helper Mu phage. It was shown that a packaging site of Mu is situated between nucleotides 35 and 58 of the left end.
Collapse
|
102
|
Brandsma JA, Bosch D, de Ruÿter M, van de Putte P. Analysis of the regulatory region of the ssb gene of Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res 1985; 13:5095-109. [PMID: 2991853 PMCID: PMC321852 DOI: 10.1093/nar/13.14.5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the ssb gene of E. coli has been studied. We reported earlier that the SOS box of the neighbouring uvrA gene also controls the transcription of the ssb gene. Detailed analysis of the upstream region of ssb by S1 mapping reveals the existence of three in vivo functional promoters of which the most upstream one (PI) is inducible by DNA damage. Measurement of galactokinase synthesis using galK fusion plasmids indicates that the uninduced level of transcription from the PI promoter is low. Ssb multicopy plasmids lacking the PI promoter still complement the UV sensitivity of an Ssb mutant. The role of the three promoters in the regulation of the level of Ssb protein in the cell, is discussed.
Collapse
|
103
|
van den Berg EA, Geerse RH, Memelink J, Bovenberg RA, Magnée FA, van de Putte P. Analysis of regulatory sequences upstream of the E. coli uvrB gene; involvement of the DnaA protein. Nucleic Acids Res 1985; 13:1829-40. [PMID: 2987838 PMCID: PMC341119 DOI: 10.1093/nar/13.6.1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A region located upstream of the uvrB promoters P1 and P2 was found to cause high plasmid loss when cloned in multicopy vectors. Two sequence elements responsible for this phenomenon were identified by mapping of spontaneous mutations that restore plasmid maintenance: a sequence known to have in vitro promoter activity and a partially overlapping sequence that shows extensive homology to recognition sites for the DnaA protein. Accordingly alterations in the level of DnaA protein in vivo were found to affect the extent of plasmid loss. A possible role for interaction of the DnaA protein with the region of interest is discussed in relation to regulation of uvrB expression.
Collapse
|
104
|
Abstract
In the chromosome of many strains of Escherichia coli K12 the excisable element e14 is found, which contains an invertible DNA region. This invertible P region, and the gene responsible for the inversion (pin) were cloned, together with other e14 sequences. The element e14 contains a gene which kills the host cell. This can be repressed by a function also coded by e14. The kil and repressor genes as well as the attachment site of the element were mapped in different regions of the element. The invertible segment and pin gene were sequenced. The invertible segment is 1794 bp long, and contains one large internal open reading frame of 879 bp and reading frames which overlap the end pont of the invertible segment. Although pin highly homologous to gin of phage Mu, neither the genetic organization of the P segment nor the sequence of the putative proteins resemble the invertible G segment of phage Mu (which codes for genes involved in tail fiber assembly). The complete DNA sequences of both invertible segments were screened for homology. No resemblance was found. The P segment is flanked by inverted repeat sequences of 16 bp. Comparison of these with related inversion systems points out that the recombination site maps probably within a 2-bp region. This cross-over site is contained within a short palindromic sequence (AAACC AA GGTTT) which is more or less conserved in the recombination sites of all related DNA invertases.
Collapse
|
105
|
Goosen N, van Heuvel M, Moolenaar GF, van de Putte P. Regulation of Mu transposition. II. The escherichia coli HimD protein positively controls two repressor promoters and the early promoter of bacteriophage Mu. Gene X 1984; 32:419-26. [PMID: 6099326 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Two leftward Pc promoters for the repressor gene of bacteriophage Mu have been localized by fusions of the promoter region to the structural galK gene and by S1 nuclease mapping. Transcription initiated at the left-end-proximal promoter (Pc-1) starts 23 bp ahead of the c gene. The second promoter (Pc-2) is located 200 bp from the translation start codon of gene c. The RNA initiated from Pc-2 overlaps 35 bp with the rightward transcript from the early Mu promoter (Pe). The expression from Pe and both repressor promoters is positively regulated by the Escherichia coli HimD (Hip) protein, probably acting as a subunit of the integration host factor (IHF). Two overlapping sequences matching the consensus for the IHF binding site (ihf) are found between Pe and Pc-1.
Collapse
|
106
|
Goosen N, van de Putte P. Regulation of Mu transposition. I. Localization of the presumed recognition sites for HimD and Ner functions controlling bacteriophage Mu transcription. Gene 1984; 30:41-6. [PMID: 6096223 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Escherichia coli HimD function (also known as Hip) is essential for Mu development (Miller and Friedman, 1977). We show that the role of HimD is to stimulate early transcription of Mu DNA, probably by acting as a subunit of integration host factor (IHF) and binding at a site located approx. 70 bp upstream from the start of the early transcription. HimD-independent phages were isolated. These mutant phages carry a promoter-up mutation in the Pribnow-box of the early promoter. Early Mu transcription is negatively regulated by the repressor (c gene product) and the Ner proteins. Mutants were isolated which are insensitive to the overproduction of Ner by multicopy plasmids, which normally inhibits Mu development. The mutations that map close to the startpoint of the early transcription reveal a structure which is presumably the Ner recognition site.
Collapse
|
107
|
Goosen N, van de Putte P. Hek: an Escherichia coli function involved in functional expression of the kil gene of bacteriophage Mu. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1984; 196:170-2. [PMID: 6237246 DOI: 10.1007/bf00334111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An Escherichia coli mutant has been isolated (Hek) in which the kil gene of bacteriophage Mu is not functionally expressed. The hek locus has been mapped between rpoD (66.2 min) and argR (69.5 min) on the E. coli chromosome. No influence of the hek mutation on phage or E. coli development could be detected.
Collapse
|
108
|
Plasterk RH, Kanaar R, van de Putte P. A genetic switch in vitro: DNA inversion by Gin protein of phage Mu. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984; 81:2689-92. [PMID: 6232613 PMCID: PMC345135 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.9.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inversion of the G segment in the DNA of Escherichia coli phage Mu depends on the Mu Gin protein and alters the host range of the phage. The frequency of the inversion reaction is low both in the lysogenic state and during lytic growth. A sensitive assay was developed to detect low levels of G inversion: the E. coli lac operon was inserted within the invertible G segment in such a way that the lac operon was expressed only by G(-) clones. As a result Gin-catalyzed inversion from G(+) to G(-) can be monitored as a lactose-negative to lactose-utilizing switch. Using a crude extract from a Gin-overproducing strain and this assay plasmid, we could detect a low level of G inversion in vitro (1% in 30 min). The reaction depends on Mg2+ and a supercoiled substrate. Under optimized reaction conditions over 15% of the plasmids had the G segment inverted after incubation with Gin in vitro. The inversion was then visualized by agarose gel analysis of plasmid DNA digested by restriction endonucleases. The Gin protein retains its catalytic properties upon partial purification. The mechanism of this genetic switch can now be studied in vitro.
Collapse
|
109
|
van de Putte P, Plasterk R, Kuijpers A. A Mu gin complementing function and an invertible DNA region in Escherichia coli K-12 are situated on the genetic element e14. J Bacteriol 1984; 158:517-22. [PMID: 6233259 PMCID: PMC215459 DOI: 10.1128/jb.158.2.517-522.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gin product catalyzes an inversion of 3,000 base pairs of DNA in the genome of bacteriophage Mu. The orientation of the invertible of G-region determines the host range of the phage. Gin- mutants are complemented by a host function in strain HB101 and several other Escherichia coli K-12 strains. At least three clones in the E. coli gene bank described previously (L. Clarke and J. Carbon, Cell 9:91-99, 1976) contained the gin complementing function. This function, which we named pin, catalyzes an inversion of 1,800 base pairs in the adjacent DNA. The invertible region, named the P-region, together with pin, was further subcloned on pBR322. Conjugation and transduction experiments mapped the pin gene between the genes purB and fabD near position 25 on the E. coli chromosome. Also situated in this region is e14, a cryptic, UV- excisable , genetic element (A. Greener and C.W. Hill, J. Bacteriol . 144:312-321, 1980). We demonstrated that pin and the P-region are part of e 14. The e 14 element was cloned on pBR322 by genetic manipulation techniques in vivo. It has the properties of a defective prophage containing integration and excision functions and a SOS-sensitive repressor.
Collapse
|
110
|
Plasterk RH, van de Putte P. Inversion of DNA in vivo and in vitro by gin and pin proteins. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 1984; 49:295-300. [PMID: 6241551 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1984.049.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
111
|
van de Putte P. [The Nobel Prize for Medicine 1983 for B. McClintock; from controlling elements in corn to the activation of oncogenes]. NEDERLANDS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR GENEESKUNDE 1983; 127:2401-3. [PMID: 6320019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
112
|
Brouwer J, Adhin MR, van de Putte P. Effect of pKM101 on cell killing and specificity of mutation induction by cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II) in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol 1983; 156:1275-81. [PMID: 6358195 PMCID: PMC217978 DOI: 10.1128/jb.156.3.1275-1281.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell killing and mutation induction in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli by cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 were studied in cells with different repair capacities, with and without pKM101. The presence of the plasmid pKM101 made repair-proficient cells more susceptible to killing by cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 and strongly enhanced mutation induction by that compound. Both effects were shown to be dependent upon excision repair. Characterization of the induced mutations in the lacI gene after cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 treatment of E. coli cells, by the LacI system, revealed that the mutagenic specificity of the Pt compound was strongly influenced by the presence of the pKM101 plasmid. With pKM101, 23% of the induced amber and ochre mutations resulted from substitutions at AT base pairs, whereas these mutations were hardly induced in cells without pKM101. These results suggest that pKM101-induced repair differs from normal SOS repair.
Collapse
|
113
|
Brandsma JA, Bosch D, Backendorf C, van de Putte P. A common regulatory region shared by divergently transcribed genes of the Escherichia coli SOS system. Nature 1983; 305:243-5. [PMID: 6310417 DOI: 10.1038/305243a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) is implicated in DNA replication, recombination and repair. On the chromosome, the ssb gene is located adjacent to the excision repair gene uvrA, but the two genes are transcribed in opposite directions. uvrA has been shown to be part of the E. coli SOS system by introducing Mud(Ap, lac) insertions distal to the regulatory region of the gene in the chromosome. Recent investigations suggest that SSB is also involved in the SOS response. However, because the SSB protein is essential to the cell, the inducibility of the ssb gene cannot be investigated by the insertion method. Therefore, we used plasmids harbouring the regulatory region of ssb fused to the galK structural gene, while leaving an intact ssb gene in the chromosome. We show here that expression of the ssb gene is dependent on two promoters of which one is damage inducible. Evidence is presented that the divergently transcribed ssb and uvrA genes are controlled by a common LexA binding site.
Collapse
|
114
|
Backendorf C, Brandsma JA, Kartasova T, van de Putte P. In vivo regulation of the uvrA gene: role of the "-10" and "-35" promoter regions. Nucleic Acids Res 1983; 11:5795-810. [PMID: 6310514 PMCID: PMC326318 DOI: 10.1093/nar/11.17.5795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of increasing deletions in the uvrA promoter region on the transcriptional efficiency was quantitatively analysed by fusion to the galK structural gene. A physical analysis of uvrA messenger RNA synthesis from the different deletion plasmids was performed using the S1 mapping technique. Both methods indicate that the uvrA "-10" promoter sequence is sufficient to trigger uvrA transcription. Although not essential, the "-35" region, which is overlapping with the LexA binding site, is shown to have an enhancing function, as the exposure of this region after SOS induction results in a 3- to 4-fold increase in uvrA transcription. A model is presented which accounts both for the observed basal and induced expression of the uvrA gene on a molecular level.
Collapse
|
115
|
Plasterk RH, Brinkman A, van de Putte P. DNA inversions in the chromosome of Escherichia coli and in bacteriophage Mu: relationship to other site-specific recombination systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1983; 80:5355-8. [PMID: 6310572 PMCID: PMC384254 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.17.5355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene product of bacteriophage Mu gin catalyzes a 3,000-base-pair inversion in the DNA of the phage, thus changing its host range. In some strains of Escherichia coli there is a function that can complement Mu gin mutations. This function (pin) was cloned and shown to catalyze an inversion of 1,800 base pairs in the adjacent E. coli DNA (P region). pin- derivatives carry the P region frozen in the (+) or (-) orientation. The function of the switch is not yet clear. The sequences of gin and pin were determined; they exhibit 70% homology. The sequences around the recombination sites of Gin and Pin are also largely homologous; a consensus sequence is derived for the recombination sites of Gin and Pin, and of Hin in Salmonella typhimurium. The amino acid sequences of Gin, Pin, Hin, and TnpR are compared, and the evolutionary relationship between these prokaryotic site-specific recombination systems is discussed.
Collapse
|
116
|
van den Berg EA, Geerse RH, Pannekoek H, van de Putte P. In vivo transcription of the E. coli uvrB gene: both promoters are inducible by UV. Nucleic Acids Res 1983; 11:4355-63. [PMID: 6306586 PMCID: PMC326051 DOI: 10.1093/nar/11.13.4355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional activity of the tandem promoters of the Escherichia coli uvrB gene was measured in vivo. Both promoters are shown to be inducible by UV irradiation. P1, the most proximal promoter, is responsible for the main part of transcription both in uninduced and induced cells. Plasmids have been constructed carrying small deletions in the lexA binding site that overlaps with P2, the distal promoter. These deletions result in constitutive transcription from P1. This indicates that the DNA region which contains P2 functions mainly as a target site for regulation of P1 transcription in vivo.
Collapse
|
117
|
|
118
|
Brouwer J, Fichtinger-Schepman AM, van de Putte P, Reedijk J. Influence of temperature on platinum binding to DNA, cell killing, and mutation induction in Escherichia coli K-12 cells treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). Cancer Res 1982; 42:2416-9. [PMID: 7042085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell killing and specificity of mutation induction by treatment of Escherichia coli K-12 cells with cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 at various temperatures have been studied. Survival experiments show that the cell killing by cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 is enhanced with increasing temperature. This effect is explained by an increase in the amount of platinum bound to the DNA. The binding is the same in repair-proficient and in repair-deficient cells. However, the mutation induction in the lacI gene is much more strongly enhanced than could be expected from the increased platinum binding. This phenomenon is attributed to a different distribution of the induced lesions by cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 at various temperatures and not to an aberrant excision repair. Analysis of the induced lacI mutants revealed an increase in the percentage of nonsense mutants at higher temperature. Among the nonsense mutations, base-pair substitutions at GAG and particularly at GCG sequences are enhanced by the increasing temperature. The results are in agreement with our hypothesis that local denaturation of DNA, known to be promoted at higher temperature, is necessary for the formation of intrastrand cross-links at two guanine bases separated by a third base.
Collapse
|
119
|
Giphart-Gassler M, Plasterk RH, van de Putte P. G inversion in bacteriophage Mu: a novel way of gene splicing. Nature 1982; 297:339-42. [PMID: 6210848 DOI: 10.1038/297339a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
120
|
Brandsma JA, Stoorvogel J, van Sluis CA, van de Putte P. Effect of lexA and ssb genes, present on a uvrA recombinant plasmid, on the UV survival of Escherichia coli K-12. Gene X 1982; 18:77-85. [PMID: 6286420 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The recombinant plasmid pJA01 contains, besides the uvrA gene, the genes lexA, ubiA and ssb. This plasmid does not fully complement a uvrA mutation in a Rec+ background. Plasmids which contain the uvrA and ssg genes, but not the lexA gene, show a higher but still only partial complementation. Full complementation achieved when the ssb gene us inactivated by insertion of Tn5. Furthermore, it appears that the presence of the ssb gene on a multicopy plasmid sensitizes wild-type cells to UV light. The effect of Ssb (single-strand DNA binding protein) overproduction on UV survival is discussed.
Collapse
|
121
|
Sherman LA, van de Putte P. Construction of a hybrid plasmid capable of replication in the bacterium Escherichia coli and the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. J Bacteriol 1982; 150:410-3. [PMID: 6277870 PMCID: PMC220131 DOI: 10.1128/jb.150.1.410-413.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A hybrid plasmid was constructed between the 5.3-megadalton plasmid (pUH24) of Anacystis nidulans R2 and the Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322. This was accomplished by adding a transposon to pBR322 and transforming this DNA into A. nidulans. One resultant hybrid, pLS103, had a molecular weight of 6.8 x 10(6), replicated in both organisms, had unique sites for two restriction endonucleases, conferred ampicillin resistance on both organisms, and could be used as a cloning vector in A. nidulans.
Collapse
|
122
|
Brouwer J, van de Putte P, Fichtinger-Schepman AM, Reedijk J. Base-pair substitution hotspots in GAG and GCG nucleotide sequences in Escherichia coli K-12 induced by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:7010-4. [PMID: 7031665 PMCID: PMC349183 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.11.7010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell killing and mutation induction by cis- and trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 in Escherichia coli were examined by studying forward mutagenesis in the lacI gene in cells with different repair capacities. Survival experiments showed that repair-proficient cells were slightly more sensitive for the cis isomer than for the trans isomer, whereas repair-deficient RecA and UvrB cells were extremely sensitive only for the cis compound. cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 induced mutagenesis in both wild-type cells and RecA cells but not in UvrB cells; whereas no detectable mutagenesis was induced by treatment with the trans compound. Examination of the nature of the mutations induced by cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2, by using the LacI system, revealed that base-pair substitutions leading to nonsense mutants are only induced in wild-type cells, suggesting that the intact products of both the uvrB and the recA gene are necessary for the repair responsible for this type of mutagenesis. Investigation of the nonsense mutants reveals that 70% of these mutations result from GC leads to TA or GC leads to AT substitutions at sites where the guanine is part of a GAG or GCG sequence. These results are discussed in relation to existing theories on the interaction between Pt compounds and DNA. A model for Pt--DNA adducts, leading to base-pair substitutions, is proposed.
Collapse
|
123
|
Brandsma JA, van Sluis CA, van de Putte P. Use of transposons in cloning poorly selectable genes of Escherichia coli: cloning of uvrA and adjacent genes. J Bacteriol 1981; 147:682-4. [PMID: 6267018 PMCID: PMC216091 DOI: 10.1128/jb.147.2.682-684.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A transposon was introduced close to a poorly selectable gene. This gene could be cloned by using selection for the antibiotic resistance marker of the transposon.
Collapse
|
124
|
Giphart-Gassler M, Reeve J, van de Putte P. Polypeptides encoded by the early region of bacteriophage Mu synthesized in minicells of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 1981; 145:165-91. [PMID: 6455530 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
125
|
van Leerdam E, Goosen T, Plasterk RH, van de Putte P. Cloning of both ends and the thermo-inducible genes A and B of bacteriophage Mu on a multicopy plasmid. Gene X 1981; 13:111-4. [PMID: 6263750 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(81)90048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|