[Safety and efficacy of laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with partial nephrectomy for renal tumors: initial experience]

Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with partial nephrectomy in the treatment of renal tumors. Methods: The 65 patients with renal tumors undergoing laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with partial nephrectomy from November 2017 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 46 males and 19 females. The average age was (56.6±14.1) years. The mean body mass index was (25.7±3.3) kg/m². The tumors located in the left kidney in 30 cases and the right kidney in 35 cases. The ECOG score was 0 in 59 patients and 1 in 6 patients. The mean maximum diameter of the tumors was (2.3±1.0) cm(1.0-5.0 cm). According to R.E.N.A.L. scoring, 41 cases were of low difficulty (4-6 points), 23 cases of medium difficulty (7-9 points) and 1 case of high difficulty (10-12 points). The renal tumors were ablated by laparoscopic microwave ablation, then followed by partial nephrectomy. Postoperative complications were observed and the prognosis was assessed by CT or MRI. Results: The mean duration of operation was (76.6±19.4) min (40-120 min). The median intraoperative blood loss was 20 ml(5-50 ml). The median duration of postoperative hospitalization was 4 d(3-6 d). Complications of Clavien grade Ⅰ were found in 11 patients (fever, nausea and vomiting, lumbar pain), and no complications were grade Ⅱ or above. Postoperative pathology showed that no positive margin was found, and 46 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (AJCC stage: T_1a stage 42 cases, T_1b stage 4 cases; WHO/ISUP classification: 21 cases of grade 1, 23 cases of grade 2, 2 cases of grade 3); 2 cases of type 1 papillary renal cell carcinoma (stage T_1a, grade 1); 1 case of type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (T_1b stage, grade 2); 2 cases of renal chromophobe carcinoma (all stage T_1a); 1 case of low-grade malignant potential multilocular cystic renal tumor; 2 cases of adenocarcinoma (combined with the postoperative history of rectal cancer, metastasis was considered); 6 cases of renal angiomyolipoma; 2 cases of eosinophiloma; 1 case of papillary adenoma; 1 case of benign renal cyst and 1 case of renal hemangioma with calcification. The median follow-up was 24 months (1-42 months). Sixty-three patients survived and two died (one due to heart disease and one due to metastatic colorectal cancer). According to postoperative imaging, there were no signs of tumor recurrence or metastasis in other cases. Blood tests were performed regularly, and no significant abnormalities occurred. Conclusions: The safety and efficacy of laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with partial nephrectomy for the treatment of renal tumor is satisfactory, such as less intraoperative bleeding, fewer complications, less effect on renal function and postoperative pathology, providing a potential option for renal tumor treatment.

[Application of iris angiography combined with ultra-wide-field fundus fluorescein angiography in diabetic retinopathy]

Objective: To explore the application and value of iris angiography combined with ultra-wide-field fundus fluorescein angiography (UWFA) in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. From May 2016 to December 2019, 60 consecutive DR patients (120 eyes) including 30 patients (60 eyes) with severe non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR), respectively, who underwent iris angiography combined with UWFA in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital were enrolled in the study. There were 25 males and 35 females, with an average age of (53.5±10.7) years. All of the patients underwent ophthalmologic examination including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp microscopy, slit-lamp funduscopy, ultra-wide-field fundus photography, and iris angiography combined with UWFA. Iris angiography included iris fluorescein angiography (IFA) and iris indocyanine green angiography. The onset time of the iris vascular fluorescein leakage was recorded, and the circumference range of the pupil margin fluorescein leakage was measured by a self-developed software. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare and analyze the difference in the onset time and the range of the iris vascular fluorescein leakage between the severe NPDR and PDR groups. Results: IFA showed that the onset time of the iris vascular fluorescein leakage was 31.00 (25.75, 34.00) s and 27.00 (21.75, 29.50) s in the severe NPDR group and the PDR group, respectively. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (Z=-2.13, P=0.033). The range of the iris vascular fluorescein leakage was 20.00(10.75, 75.00)° and 135.00(60.00, 182.50)° in the severe NPDR group and the PDR group, respectively. There was significant difference between two groups (Z=-4.23, P<0.001). Neovascularization of the iris was not found in all patients with PDR by slit-lamp microscope examination, but was found in 8 eyes by IFA and iris indocyanine green angiography. UWFA findings demonstrated that there was no strong fluorescence in retinal neovascularization elsewhere and/or neovascularization of the optic disc in severe NPDR patients. However, that could be seen in all PDR patients. Among them, 10 eyes had terminally petaloid or focal fluorescein leakage in macular area. Conclusions: Iris angiography combined with UWFA and quantitative analysis method could not only accurately assess the degree of fundus lesions, but also obtain more accurate and comprehensive iris vascular information, which provided help for comprehensive and personalized treatment of DR. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 916-921).

Dissipation of imidacloprid and its metabolites in Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum) and their dietary risk assessment

Dissipation of imidacloprid (IMI) and its metabolites (urea, olefin, 5-hydroxy, guanidine, 6-chloronicotinic acid) in Chinese prickly ash (CPA) was investigated using QuEChERS combined with UPLC-MS/MS. Good linearity (r² ≥0.9963), accuracy (recoveries of 71.8-104.3%), precision (relative standard deviations of 0.9-9.4%), and sensitivity (limit of quantification ≤0.05 mg kg^-1) were obtained. After application of IMI at dosage of 467 mg a.i. L^-1 for three times with interval of 7 d, the dissipation dynamics of IMI in CPA followed first-order kinetics, with half-life of 6.48-7.29 d. IMI was the main compound in CPA, followed by urea and guanidine with small amounts of olefin, 5-hydroxy, and 6-chloronicotinic acid. The terminal residues of total IMI and its metabolites at PHI of 14-21 d were 0.16-7.80 mg kg^-1 in fresh CPA and 0.41-10.44 mg kg^-1 in dried CPA, with the median processing factor of 3.62. Risk assessment showed the acute (RQa) and chronic dietary risk quotients (RQc) of IMI in CPA were 0.020-0.083% and 0.052-0.334%, respectively. Based on the dietary structures of different genders and ages of Chinese people, the whole dietary risk assessment indicated that RQc was less than 100% for the general population except for 2- to 7-year-old children (RQc of 109.9%), implying the long-term risks of IMI were acceptable to common consumers except for children.

Equine chorionic gonadotropin pretreatment 15 days before fixed-time artificial insemination improves the reproductive performance of replacement gilts

Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) technology uses exogenous reproductive hormones to regulate the sexual cycle and ovulation of sows without oestrus identification, which improves the sow breeding utilisation rate, reduces the number of non-productive days, and elevates the efficiency of pig farm management. In this study, we aimed to optimise FTAI procedures. Healthy 190-day-old and about 90 kg Large White × Landrace crossing breed replacement gilts (n = 166) which were of unknown reproductive status were randomly selected and divided into three groups: a control group (n = 62), an eCG-15D group in which the gilts were pretreated with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) injection 15 days before starting FTAI (n = 50), and an eCG-20D group pretreated with eCG injection 20 days before starting FTAI (n = 54). All three groups were then subjected to the same conventional FTAI procedure. Pigs were orally administered Altrenogest (ALT, 20 mg per pig per day) for 18 days and then 42 h after ALT feeding was stopped, they were injected with 1 000 IU eCG followed by 100 μg GnRH 80 h later. The gilts were inseminated for the first time 24 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection and then again 16 h later. After 42 h of ALT feeding, gilts in the eCG-15D group displayed a higher follicular diameter until artificial insemination (AI) than those from the other groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the ovulation times were the most synchronised in the eCG-15D group, with 100% of the gilts ovulating before the second AI on day 25 of FTAI. Furthermore, the gilts in the eCG-15D group achieved the highest pregnancy rate (92%), farrowing rate (90%), total pigs born (11.59), and pigs born alive (11.18). Together, the findings of this study demonstrate that reproductive performance can be optimised by pretreating gilts with eCG 15 days before conventional FTAI.

[The clinical value of further accurate staging of pT2 gastric cancer based on the depth of invasion]

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of pT2 gastric cancer staging pT2a and pT2b according to the depth of muscularis propria invasion in evaluating the prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods: According to the 8th edition of TNM staging system for gastric cancer proposed by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical surgery in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 1, 2008 to January 1, 2015 were selected and divided into pT2a and pT2b stage group according to the depth of tumor invasion. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between the two groups. Results: The median follow-up time of 1 411 patients with postoperative pathological pT2 stage was 68.8 months, and 1 347 patients (95.46%) received complete follow-up data. The 5-year OS rate was 65.85%, and the 5-year DFS rate was 67.83 %. The 5-year OS rate and 5-year DFS rate of 709 pT2a patients were 72.50% and 73.91%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate and 5-year DFS rate of 638 pT2b patients were 58.46% and 61.13%, respectively, significantly different from those of the pT2a group (P<0.001). Hierarchical analysis was performed according to N staging. The 5-year OS rates of pT2aN0M0 (274 cases), pT2aN1M0 (192 cases), pT2aN2M0 (147 cases), pT2aN3aM0 (59 cases) and pT2aN3bM0 (37 cases) were 83.58 %, 72.40 %, 68.71 %, 54.24 % and 35.12 %, respectively. The 5-year DFS rates were 84.67 %, 77.08 %, 67.35 %, 54.24 % and 35.14 %, respectively. In the pT2b group, the 5-year OS rates of pT2bN0M0 (209 cases), pT2bN1M0 (166 cases), pT2bN2M0 (127 cases), pT2bN3aM0 (78 cases) and pT2bN3bM0 (58 cases) were 76.08%, 62.05%, 56.69%, 37.18% and 17.24%, respectively, and the 5-year DFS rates were 80.86%, 69.28%, 54.33%, 35.90% and 15.52%, respectively. Under the same N stage, the OS rates of patients in the pT2a group were better than those in the pT2b group (P values were 0.023, 0.034, 0.034, 0.043 and 0.018, respectively). When the N stage was N0 and N1, there was no significant difference in the 5-year DFS rate between the pT2a group and the pT2b group (P values were 0.199 and 0.090, respectively). When the N stages were N2, N3a and N3b, the difference between the pT2a stage group and the pT2b stage group was statistically significant (P values were 0.027, 0.022 and 0.025, respectively). Conclusions: In the 8th edition of AJCC/UICC gastric cancer staging system, pT2 stage can be divided into pT2a stage (invasion of superficial muscularis) and pT2b stage (invasion of deep muscularis) according to the infiltration depth of muscularis propria. There are significant differences in prognosis between the two groups. Combined with the number of lymph node metastasis, the prognosis of patients with pT2 gastric cancer can be more accurately evaluated.

A sensitive and practical ELISA for analyzing naringenin in pummelo and herb samples

Naringenin, a flavonoid compound found in pummelo, is a key biological active compound in some traditional Chinese medicines, including Citri reticulatae pericarpium, Citri reticulatae pericarpium viride, Aurantii fructus immaturus, and Aurantii fructus. These Chinese medicinal preparations are the peels or immature fruits of certain citrus species. Aiming at detecting naringenin in complex matrices such as pummelo and traditional Chinese medicines, we put forward a sensitive and practical indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) based on anti-naringenin monoclonal antibodies (anti-Nar-mAbs). The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 4.43 ng/mL, and the working range was 1.15-15.81 ng/mL. The findings of the icELISA for the analysis of naringenin in pummelo and herb samples had a good correlation with the ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) methodology and showed good accuracy and reproducibility. These data demonstrated that the developed icELISA is reliable, accurate, and suitable for detecting naringenin in pummelo and traditional Chinese medicines.

[Ultrasonic manifestations and axis length of blind microphthalmia]

Objective: To discuss the ultrasonic manifestations of blind microphthalmia, and to explore the correlation between axis length and complicity of intraocular structure of blind microphthalmia. Methods: Retrospective case series study. The data of ultrasonic imaging and axis length of 162 patients (162 eyes) with blind microphthalmia diagnosed in Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital from July 2013 to July 2018 were collected. According to the degree of internal structure disorder, all affected eyes were divided into groups of the normal, the abnormal and the indistinguishable. The binocular axial length in these patients were compared. The relationship between the axial length and the age of the patients, and the structural changes of the blind microphthalmia with a basic structure were analyzed. Statistical methods were mainly performed by paired t-test, one-way linear regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The disease was unilateral in all the 162 patients. The age ranged from 1 month to 58 years old. And 139 cases (85.80%) were under 12 years old. There were 90 males and 72 females. The mean axial length of the affected eyes (162 eyes) was (13.17±3.77) mm, while the mean axial length of the control eyes (162 eyes) was (21.85±2.01) mm. There was significantly statistical difference in the ocular size between them (t=-27.369; P<0.01). There was no significant correlation between the axial length of the affected eye and age in patients with unilateral blind microphthalmia (r=0.027; P>0.05), while there was a significant correlation between the axial length of the control eye and age (r=0.590; P<0.01). The axial length of the groups of the normal (14 eyes), the abnormal (91 eyes) and the indistinguishable (57 eyes) was (17.80±2.19) mm, (14.81±2.92) mm and (10.05±2.46) mm, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (F=72.800; P<0.01), and there was also significant difference between the two groups (all P<0.01). Ocular ultrasonic imaging showed that 105 eyes (64.81%) had a basic ocular structure, 83 eyes (51.23%) had retinal detachment, 15 eyes (9.26%) had bulbar ossification, and 10 eyes (6.17%) had optic disc abnormality. Conclusions: Blind microphthalmia mostly has a basic ocular structure and is often associated with retinal detachment. The axial length of the affected eye is correlated with the degree of intraocular structural disorder. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 825-829).

Adolescent Binge Drinking Is Associated With Accelerated Decline of Gray Matter Volume

The age- and time-dependent effects of binge drinking on adolescent brain development have not been well characterized even though binge drinking is a health crisis among adolescents. The impact of binge drinking on gray matter volume (GMV) development was examined using 5 waves of longitudinal data from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence study. Binge drinkers (n = 166) were compared with non-binge drinkers (n = 82 after matching on potential confounders). Number of binge drinking episodes in the past year was linked to decreased GMVs in bilateral Desikan-Killiany cortical parcellations (26 of 34 with P < 0.05/34) with the strongest effects observed in frontal regions. Interactions of binge drinking episodes and baseline age demonstrated stronger effects in younger participants. Statistical models sensitive to number of binge episodes and their temporal proximity to brain volumes provided the best fits. Consistent with prior research, results of this study highlight the negative effects of binge drinking on the developing brain. Our results present novel findings that cortical GMV decreases were greater in closer proximity to binge drinking episodes in a dose-response manner. This relation suggests a causal effect and raises the possibility that normal growth trajectories may be reinstated with alcohol abstinence.

Dual Catalytic Hairpin Assembly-Based Automatic Molecule Machine for Amplified Detection of Auxin Response Factor-Targeted MicroRNA-160

MicroRNA160 plays a crucial role in plant development by negatively regulating the auxin response factors (ARFs). In this manuscript, we design an automatic molecule machine (AMM) based on the dual catalytic hairpin assembly (D-CHA) strategy for the signal amplification detection of miRNA160. The detection system contains four hairpin-shaped DNA probes (HP1, HP2, HP3, and HP4). For HP1, the loop is designed to be complementary to miRNA160. A fragment of DNA with the same sequences as miRNA160 is separated into two pieces that are connected at the 3′ end of HP2 and 5′ end of HP3, respectively. In the presence of the target, four HPs are successively dissolved by the first catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA1), forming a four-way DNA junction (F-DJ) that enables the rearrangement of separated DNA fragments at the end of HP2 and HP3 and serving as an integrated target analogue for initiating the second CHA reaction, generating an enhanced fluorescence signal. Assay experiments demonstrate that D-CHA has a better performance compared with traditional CHA, achieving the detection limit as low as 10 pM for miRNA160 as deduced from its corresponding DNA surrogates. Moreover, non-target miRNAs, as well as single-base mutation targets, can be detected. Overall, the D-CHA strategy provides a competitive method for plant miRNAs detection.

Measurement of the Absolute Branching Fraction of D_{s}^{+}→τ^{+}ν_{τ} via τ^{+}→e^{+}ν_{e}ν[over ¯]_{τ}

Using a dataset of 6.32  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4178 and 4226 MeV, we have measured the absolute branching fraction of the leptonic decay D_{s}^{+}→τ^{+}ν_{τ} via τ^{+}→e^{+}ν_{e}ν[over ¯]_{τ}, and find B_{D_{s}^{+}→τ^{+}ν_{τ}}=(5.27±0.10±0.12)×10^{-2}, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The precision is improved by a factor of 2 compared to the previous best measurement. Combining with f_{D_{s}^{+}} from lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations or the |V_{cs}| from the CKMfitter group, we extract |V_{cs}|=0.978±0.009±0.012 and f_{D_{s}^{+}}=(251.1±2.4±3.0)  MeV, respectively. Combining our result with the world averages of B_{D_{s}^{+}→τ^{+}ν_{τ}} and B_{D_{s}^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ}}, we obtain the ratio of the branching fractions B_{D_{s}^{+}→τ^{+}ν_{τ}}/B_{D_{s}^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ}}=9.72±0.37, which is consistent with the standard model prediction of lepton flavor universality.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes in young patients with myocardial infarction

Background

Young people hold a stable or increasing percentage of patients with acute myocardial infarction in many countries. However, data on clinical characteristics and outcomes in young patients are lacking.

Purpose

To compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients aged ≤45 years and those aged &gt;45 years with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods

A total of 24125 patients with acute myocardial infarction between January 2013 and September 2014 from China Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) registry were included in this study. Clinical characteristics, in-hospital and 2-year outcomes were compared between patients aged ≤45 years (young) and those aged &gt;45 years (older). Gender disparity in prognosis of myocardial infarction was analyzed among young patients.

Results

Of 24125 patients, 2042 (8.5%, 116 female) were aged ≤45 years. Compared with patients aged &gt;45 years, young patients were more often male, current smokers, having medical history of hyperlipidemia and family history of premature coronary artery disease. Young patients were significantly more likely to have clear trigger factor, present with persistent chest pain and suffer ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Symptom onset to admission time was shorter in patients aged ≤45 years. For patients undergoing emergency coronary angiography, those aged ≤45 years were more likely to suffer left anterior descending coronary artery related myocardial infarction. Young patients were significantly more likely to receive percutaneous coronary intervention and other medications at discharge, including dual antiplatelet therapy, statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and β blockers. Compared with patients aged &gt;45 years, young patients experienced significantly lower in-hospital and 2-year mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE, a composite of death, reinfarction and stroke) rates (Table 1). Among young patients, women experienced higher in-hospital mortality and MACCE rates than men (Table 2). Women who survived at discharge experienced significantly higher 2-year mortality (1.4% vs 3.8%, Log-rank P=0.0412, Table 2).

Conclusions

Compared with the older patients, young patients were more likely to present with typical symptoms and receive guideline-recommended medications. Clinical outcomes of patients aged ≤45 years were significantly better than older patients. However, our results showed significant gender disparity in both short- and long-term outcomes of young patients. More efforts are needed to improve prognosis in young patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The Twelfth Five-Year Planning Project of the Scientific and Technological Department of China

A multicolor enzyme-linked immunoassay method for visual readout of carbendazim

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with high specificity and sensitivity is one of the most popular techniques for detecting carbendazim (CBD), a commonly used benzimidazole fungicide in agriculture. However, the traditional ELISA based on the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) system for CBD only displays the yellow color of TMB²⁺ from deep to light, making it difficult for the naked eye to judge whether CBD in fruits and vegetables exceeds the maximum residue limit. In this article, we intend to improve the traditional ELISA method to establish a multicolor signal output ELISA to achieve visual semiquantitative detection of CBD. This method is based on the optical properties of gold nanorods (AuNRs). After introducing AuNRs into TMB²⁺ solution, which was produced by the HRP-TMB system of traditional ELISA, AuNRs were quickly etched by TMB²⁺. Consequently, the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance peak of AuNRs shows a clear blue shift and a vivid color change. Different concentrations of CBD generate different amounts of TMB²⁺, which in turn leads to different etching degrees of AuNRs, and ultimately results in a rainbow-like color change. As a result, CBD from 0.08 to 100 ng mL^-1 can be easily distinguished by the naked eye, which does not require any large instruments. Moreover, the colors displayed by 0.49 ng mL^-1 (purple) and 0 ng mL^-1 (pink) are significantly different from each other. It should be noted that 0.49 ng mL^-1 is far below the most stringent maximum residue limit of CBD in the world. Additionally, the quantitative determination of CBD spiked in canned citrus, citrus fruits, chives, and cabbage samples showed satisfactory recoveries. The good performance of the AuNR-based ELISA makes it have a wide range of application prospects in food safety and international trade.

Observation of D^{0}→K_{1}(1270)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}

Using 2.93  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data taken with the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, the observation of the D^{0}→K_{1}(1270)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e} semileptonic decay is presented. The statistical significance of the decay D^{0}→K_{1}(1270)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e} is greater than 10σ. The branching fraction of D^{0}→K_{1}(1270)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e} is measured to be (1.09±0.13_{-0.16}^{+0.09}±0.12)×10^{-3}. Here, the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third originates from the assumed branching fraction of K_{1}(1270)^{-}→K^{-}π^{+}π^{-}. The fraction of longitudinal polarization in D^{0}→K_{1}(1270)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e} is determined for the first time to be 0.50±0.19_{stat}±0.08_{syst}.

First Measurement of the Absolute Branching Fraction of Λ→pμ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}

The absolute branching fraction of Λ→pμ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ} is reported for the first time based on an e^{+}e^{-} annihilation sample of 10×10^{9}  J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at sqrt[s]=3.097  GeV. The branching fraction is determined to be B(Λ→pμ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ})=[1.48±0.21(stat)±0.08(syst)]×10^{-4}, which is improved by about 30% in precision over the previous indirect measurements. Combining this result with the world average of B(Λ→pe^{-}ν[over ¯]_{e}), we obtain the ratio {[Γ(Λ→pμ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ})]/[Γ(Λ→pe^{-}ν[over ¯]_{e})]} to be 0.178±0.028, which agrees with the standard model prediction assuming lepton flavor universality. The asymmetry of the branching fractions of Λ→pμ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ} and Λ[over ¯]→p[over ¯]μ^{+}ν_{μ} is also determined, and no evidence for CP violation is found.

[Association of hyperuricemia with risk of incident chronic kidney disease in adult in Songjiang district, Shanghai: a follow-up study]

Objective: To evaluate the association of hyperuricemia with the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in community adults. Methods: A community-based follow-up study comprising of 7 276 adults aged 20-74 years who attended the natural population cohort in Eastern China and had no CKD at baseline survey was performed in the Songjiang district, Shanghai. CKD was diagnosed according to the National Kidney Foundation Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease criteria. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid level >420 μmol/L for men and >360 μmol/L for women. Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association of hyperuricemia with the risk for CKD. Results: During a median follow-up period of 2.65 year, 301 participants were newly diagnosed with CKD. The cumulative incidence rate and incidence density of CKD were 4.14%, and 16.01/1 000 person-years (95%CI: 14.20-17.82), respectively. A higher prevalence of hyperuricemia was observed in subjects with CKD compared with those without CKD. Multivariate Cox regression model analysis showed that hyperuricemia was associated with the increased risk for CKD, with an adjusted HR of 1.92 (95%CI: 1.46-2.53). Their positive associations remained in almost all the subgroups, including sex, age (<60, ≥60 years), BMI (<25.0, ≥25.0 kg/m²), type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. A significant synergistic effect of the interaction between age and hyperuricemia on CKD was found, and the synergy index was 1.78 (95%CI: 1.18-2.68). Conclusion: The incidence of CKD in adults in Songjiang district was relatively high. Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for the development of CKD.

Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-phase microextraction by solidifying L-menthol-decanoic acid hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for detection of five fungicides in fruit juices and tea drinks

An ecofriendly and efficient ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents dispersive liquid-phase microextraction by solidifying the deep eutectic solvents-rich phase was developed to determine azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, epoxiconazole, cyprodinil, and prochloraz in fruit juices and tea drinks by high-performance liquid chromatography. A varieties of environmental hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents serving as extraction agents were prepared using L-menthol and decanoic acid as hydrogen-bond acceptor and hydrogen-bond donor, respectively. The deep eutectic solvents were ultrasonically dispersed in sample solutions, solidified in a freezer and easily harvested. The main variables were optimized by one-factor-at-a-time and response surface test. The new method performs well with relative recovery of 71.75-109.40%, linear range of 2.5-5000 μg/L (r ≥ 0.9968), detection limit of 0.75-8.45 μg/L, quantification limit of 2.5-25 μg/L,_, and inter- and intraday relative standard deviations below 13.53 and 14.84%, respectively. As for the extraction mechanism, deep eutectic solvents were disposed into many fine particles in the solution and captured the analytes based on the changes of particle size and quantity in deep eutectic solvents droplets after extraction. The environmental method can successfully detect fungicide residues in real fruit juices and tea drinks.

Direct Measurement of the Branching Fractions B(ψ(3686)→J/ψX) and B(ψ(3770)→J/ψX), and Observation of the State R(3760) in e^{+}e^{-}→J/ψX

We report a measurement of the observed cross sections of e^{+}e^{-}→J/ψX based on 3.21  fb^{-1} of data accumulated at energies from 3.645 to 3.891 GeV with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider. In analysis of the cross sections, we measured the decay branching fractions of B(ψ(3686)→J/ψX)=(64.4±0.6±1.6)% and B(ψ(3770)→J/ψX)=(0.5±0.2±0.1)% for the first time. The energy-dependent line shape of these cross sections cannot be well described by two Breit-Wigner (BW) amplitudes of the expected decays ψ(3686)→J/ψX and ψ(3770)→J/ψX. Instead, it can be better described with one more BW amplitude of the decay R(3760)→J/ψX. Under this assumption, we extracted the R(3760) mass M_{R(3760)}=3766.2±3.8±0.4  MeV/c^{2} , total width Γ_{R(3760)}^{tot}=22.2±5.9±1.4  MeV, and product of leptonic width and decay branching fraction Γ_{R(3760)}^{ee}B[R(3760)→J/ψX]=(79.4±85.5±11.7)  eV. The significance of the R(3760) is 5.3σ. The first uncertainties of these measured quantities are from fits to the cross sections and second systematic.