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Mahmood F, Matyal R, Skubas N, Montealegre-Gallegos M, Swaminathan M, Denault A, Sniecinski R, Mitchell JD, Taylor M, Haskins S, Shahul S, Oren-Grinberg A, Wouters P, Shook D, Reeves ST. Perioperative Ultrasound Training in Anesthesiology. Anesth Analg 2016; 122:1794-804. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Amir R, Yeh L, Montealegre-Gallegos M, Saraf R, Matyal R, Mahmood F. A Tight Spot After Pulmonary Vein Catheter Ablation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 30:1748-1749. [PMID: 27542905 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mahmood F, Jeganathan J, Saraf R, Shahul S, Swaminathan M, Burkhard Mackensen G, Knio Z, Matyal R. A Practical Approach to an Intraoperative Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography Examination. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 30:470-90. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Montealegre-Gallegos M, Pal A, Matyal R. Pro: Simulation training in transesophageal echocardiography. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 28:1410-1. [PMID: 25281051 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Amir R, Yeh L, Matyal R, Mahmood F. An Echodensity in the Sinus of Valsalva. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 30:1742-1743. [PMID: 27461797 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Saraf R, Mahmood F, Amir R, Matyal R. Neuropeptide Y is an angiogenic factor in cardiovascular regeneration. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 776:64-70. [PMID: 26875634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In diabetic cardiomyopathy, there is altered angiogenic signaling and increased oxidative stress. As a result, anti-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways are activated. These disrupt cellular metabolism and cause fibrosis and apoptosis, leading to pathological remodeling. The autonomic nervous system and neurotransmitters play an important role in angiogenesis. Therapies that promote angiogenesis may be able to relieve the pathology in these disease states. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the most abundantly produced and expressed neuropeptide in the central and peripheral nervous systems in mammals and plays an important role in promoting angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte remodeling. It produces effects through G-protein-coupled Y receptors that are widely distributed and also present on the myocardium. Some of these receptors are also involved in diseased states of the heart. NPY has been implicated as a potent growth factor, causing cell proliferation in multiple systems while the NPY3-36 fragment is selective in stimulating angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte remodeling. Current research is focusing on developing a drug delivery mechanism for NPY to prolong therapy without having significant systemic consequences. This could be a promising innovation in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease.
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Saraf R, Huang T, Mahmood F, Owais K, Bardia A, Khabbaz KR, Liu D, Senthilnathan V, Lassaletta AD, Sellke F, Matyal R. Early Cellular Changes in the Ascending Aorta and Myocardium in a Swine Model of Metabolic Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146481. [PMID: 26766185 PMCID: PMC4713205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome is associated with pathological remodeling of the heart and adjacent vessels. The early biochemical and cellular changes underlying the vascular damage are not fully understood. In this study, we sought to establish the nature, extent, and initial timeline of cytochemical derangements underlying reduced ventriculo-arterial compliance in a swine model of metabolic syndrome. Methods Yorkshire swine (n = 8 per group) were fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-cholesterol (HCD) for 12 weeks. Myocardial function and blood flow was assessed before harvesting the heart. Immuno-blotting and immuno-histochemical staining were used to assess the cellular changes in the myocardium, ascending aorta and left anterior descending artery (LAD). Results There was significant increase in body mass index, blood glucose and mean arterial pressures (p = 0.002, p = 0.001 and p = 0.024 respectively) in HCD group. At the cellular level there was significant increase in anti-apoptotic factors p-Akt (p = 0.007 and p = 0.002) and Bcl-xL (p = 0.05 and p = 0.01) in the HCD aorta and myocardium, respectively. Pro-fibrotic markers TGF-β (p = 0.01), pSmad1/5 (p = 0.03) and MMP-9 (p = 0.005) were significantly increased in the HCD aorta. The levels of pro-apoptotic p38MAPK, Apaf-1 and cleaved Caspase3 were significantly increased in aorta of HCD (p = 0.03, p = 0.04 and p = 0.007 respectively). Similar changes in coronary arteries were not observed in either group. Functionally, the high cholesterol diet resulted in significant increase in ventricular end systolic pressure and–dp/dt (p = 0.05 and p = 0.007 respectively) in the HCD group. Conclusion Preclinical metabolic syndrome initiates pro-apoptosis and pro-fibrosis pathways in the heart and ascending aorta, while sparing coronary arteries at this early stage of dietary modification.
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Feng R, Saraf R, Shapeton A, Matyal R, Laham R, Mahmood F. A Complex Atrial Septal Defect and Three-Dimensional Echocardiography: A Question and an Answer. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 30:1050-2. [PMID: 26746796 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Garcia-Jacques M, Montealegre-Gallegos M, Matyal R. Acute limb ischemia and transesophageal echocardiography: making a case. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015; 28:1164-5. [PMID: 25107726 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mahmood F, Owais K, Montealegre-Gallegos M, Matyal R, Panzica P, Maslow A, Khabbaz KR. Echocardiography derived three-dimensional printing of normal and abnormal mitral annuli. Ann Card Anaesth 2015; 17:279-83. [PMID: 25281624 DOI: 10.4103/0971-9784.142062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the clinical feasibility of using echocardiographic data to generate three-dimensional models of normal and pathologic mitral valve annuli before and after repair procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-resolution transesophageal echocardiographic data from five patients was analyzed to delineate and track the mitral annulus (MA) using Tom Tec Image-Arena software. Coordinates representing the annulus were imported into Solidworks software for constructing solid models. These solid models were converted to stereolithographic (STL) file format and three-dimensionally printed by a commercially available Maker Bot Replicator 2 three-dimensional printer. Total time from image acquisition to printing was approximately 30 min. RESULTS Models created were highly reflective of known geometry, shape and size of normal and pathologic mitral annuli. Post-repair models also closely resembled shapes of the rings they were implanted with. Compared to echocardiographic images of annuli seen on a computer screen, physical models were able to convey clinical information more comprehensively, making them helpful in appreciating pathology, as well as post-repair changes. CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional printing of the MA is possible and clinically feasible using routinely obtained echocardiographic images. Given the short turn-around time and the lack of need for additional imaging, a technique we describe here has the potential for rapid integration into clinical practice to assist with surgical education, planning and decision-making.
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Matyal R, Montealegre-Gallegos M, Mitchell JD, Kim H, Bergman R, Hawthorne KM, O'Halloran D, Wong V, Hess PE, Mahmood F. Manual Skill Acquisition During Transesophageal Echocardiography Simulator Training of Cardiology Fellows: A Kinematic Assessment. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015; 29:1504-10. [PMID: 26341879 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.05.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) simulator with motion analysis can be used to impart proficiency in TEE in an integrated curriculum-based model. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING A tertiary-care university hospital. PARTICIPANTS TEE-naïve cardiology fellows. INTERVENTIONS Participants underwent an 8-session multimodal TEE training program. Manual skills were assessed at the end of sessions 2 and 8 using motion analysis of the TEE simulator's probe. At the end of the course, participants performed an intraoperative TEE; their examinations were video captured, and a blinded investigator evaluated the total time and image transitions needed for each view. Results are reported as mean±standard deviation, or median (interquartile range) where appropriate. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Eleven fellows completed the knowledge and kinematic portions of the study. Five participants were excluded from the evaluation in the clinical setting because of interim exposure to TEE or having participated in a TEE rotation after the training course. An increase of 12.95% in post-test knowledge scores was observed. From the start to the end of the course, there was a significant reduction (p<0.001 for all) in the number of probe. During clinical performance evaluation, trainees were able to obtain all the required echocardiographic views unassisted but required a longer time and had more probe transitions when compared with an expert. CONCLUSION A curriculum-based approach to TEE training for cardiology fellows can be complemented with kinematic analyses to objectify acquisition of manual skills during simulator-based training.
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Owais K, Mahmood F, Montealegre-Gallegos M, Khabbaz KR, Matyal R. Left Atrial Appendage, Intraoperative Echocardiography, and the Anesthesiologist. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015; 29:1651-62. [PMID: 26321120 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Mitchell JD, Mahmood F, Wong V, Bose R, Nicolai DA, Wang A, Hess PE, Matyal R. Teaching Concepts of Transesophageal Echocardiography via Web-Based Modules. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015; 29:402-9. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhong Q, Zhao S, Yu B, Wang X, Matyal R, Li Y, Jiang Z. High-density lipoprotein increases the uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein via PPARγ/CD36 pathway in inflammatory adipocytes. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:256-65. [PMID: 25678844 PMCID: PMC4323365 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Previous studies have demonstrated that the dysregulated-secretion of adipokines by adipocytes may contribute to obesity-associated atherosclerosis (As) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) may protect against atherogenesis through multiple pathways. This study was to explore the effect of HDL on the oxLDL uptake in inflammatory adipocytes stimulated by endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the possible mechanism. Methods and Results: 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured and induced to differentiation and maturation. Acute inflammation in adipocytes was induced by LPS (100 ng/ml) for 6 hours. The adipocytes were pretreated with HDL in various concentrations (10, 50, 100 μg/ml) for 16 hours or with specific PPARγ antagonist (GW9662, 10 μM) or agonist (Rosiglitazone, 10 μM) for 30 min before administration of LPS. The results showed that LPS significantly increased the release of inflammation-related adipokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6, while decreasing the release of leptin and adiponectin. Meanwhile, LPS reduced the uptake and degradation of 125I-oxLDL, and down-regulated the expression of PPARγ and CD36. Pretreatment with HDL dose-dependently affected the release of IL-8 and IL-6 and the reduced uptake and degradation of oxLDL of adipocytes stimulated by LPS, accompanied with marked upregulation of PPARγ and CD36 expression. Pretreatment with GW9662 markedly inhibited the upregulation of CD36 expression mediated by HDL (100 μg/ml), while the effects of Rosiglitazone were opposite to GW9662. Conclusions: HDL may increase oxLDL uptake of inflammatory adipocytes stimulated by LPS via upregulation of PPARγ/CD36 pathway, which may be a new mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis mediated by HDL.
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Owais K, Montealegre-Gallegos M, Matyal R, Pal A, Mahmood F. Left atrial appendage... and another appendage? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 29:248-9. [PMID: 25483289 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Li Z, Roussakis E, Koolen PGL, Ibrahim AMS, Kim K, Rose LF, Wu J, Nichols AJ, Baek Y, Birngruber R, Apiou-Sbirlea G, Matyal R, Huang T, Chan R, Lin SJ, Evans CL. Non-invasive transdermal two-dimensional mapping of cutaneous oxygenation with a rapid-drying liquid bandage. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:3748-64. [PMID: 25426308 PMCID: PMC4242015 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.003748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen plays an important role in wound healing, as it is essential to biological functions such as cell proliferation, immune responses and collagen synthesis. Poor oxygenation is directly associated with the development of chronic ischemic wounds, which affect more than 6 million people each year in the United States alone at an estimated cost of $25 billion. Knowledge of oxygenation status is also important in the management of burns and skin grafts, as well as in a wide range of skin conditions. Despite the importance of the clinical determination of tissue oxygenation, there is a lack of rapid, user-friendly and quantitative diagnostic tools that allow for non-disruptive, continuous monitoring of oxygen content across large areas of skin and wounds to guide care and therapeutic decisions. In this work, we describe a sensitive, colorimetric, oxygen-sensing paint-on bandage for two-dimensional mapping of tissue oxygenation in skin, burns, and skin grafts. By embedding both an oxygen-sensing porphyrin-dendrimer phosphor and a reference dye in a liquid bandage matrix, we have created a liquid bandage that can be painted onto the skin surface and dries into a thin film that adheres tightly to the skin or wound topology. When captured by a camera-based imaging device, the oxygen-dependent phosphorescence emission of the bandage can be used to quantify and map both the pO2 and oxygen consumption of the underlying tissue. In this proof-of-principle study, we first demonstrate our system on a rat ischemic limb model to show its capabilities in sensing tissue ischemia. It is then tested on both ex vivo and in vivo porcine burn models to monitor the progression of burn injuries. Lastly, the bandage is applied to an in vivo porcine graft model for monitoring the integration of full- and partial-thickness skin grafts.
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Matyal R, Shakil O, Hess PE, Lo R, Jainandunsing JS, Mahmood B, Hartman GS, Schermerhorn ML, Mahmood F. Impact of gender and body surface area on outcome after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Am J Surg 2014; 209:315-23. [PMID: 25457240 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A gender-neutral threshold aneurysm diameter (AD) of more than 5.5 cm for surgical intervention in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) ignores the fact that women have a smaller baseline AD. We hypothesized that women have a greater AD relative to body surface area (BSA) at the time of surgery and that this worsens outcome. METHODS The Vascular Study Group of New England database was queried for elective AAA repairs performed from 2003 to 2011 to compare BSA-indexed AD, ie, aortic size index (ASI), between men and women at the time of surgery and the impact of ASI on outcome. RESULTS Women were older and had higher ASI among both open-repair (n = 1,566) and endovascular repair (n = 2,172) patients (P < .001). Among open-repair patients, mean ASI for men undergoing repair at AD of 5.5 cm (2.75 cm/m²) was used to subdivide women into 2 categories: women with ASI of 2.75 or more were older (P < .001), had a larger aneurysm size (P < .001), and had a higher 1-year mortality (P = .042) than women with ASI less than 2.75. CONCLUSIONS When indexed to BSA, women have a larger aneurysm size than men at the time of AAA repair.
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Bardia A, Montealegre-Gallegos M, Mahmood F, Owais K, Pal A, Matyal R. Left atrial size: an underappreciated perioperative cardiac risk factor. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 28:1624-32. [PMID: 25307502 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Owais K, Pal A, Matyal R, Montealegre-Gallegos M, Khabbaz KR, Maslow A, Panzica P, Mahmood F. Three-Dimensional Printing of the Mitral Annulus Using Echocardiographic Data: Science Fiction or in the Operating Room Next Door? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 28:1393-6. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Owais K, Taylor CE, Jiang L, Khabbaz KR, Montealegre-Gallegos M, Matyal R, Gorman JH, Gorman RC, Mahmood F. Tricuspid annulus: a three-dimensional deconstruction and reconstruction. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 98:1536-42. [PMID: 25249160 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before clinical manifestation of regurgitation, the tricuspid annulus dilates and flattens when right ventricular dysfunction is potentially reversible. That makes the case for a prophylactic tricuspid annuloplasty even in the absence of significant tricuspid regurgitation. Owing to the appreciation of the favorable prognostic value of tricuspid annuloplasty, the geometry of the normal tricuspid annulus merits critical analysis. METHODS Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic data from 26 patients were analyzed using Image Arena (TomTec, Munich, Germany) software. Cartesian coordinate data from tricuspid annuli were exported to MATLAB (Mathworks, Natick, MA) for further processing. Annular metrics related to size, shape, and motion were computed. RESULTS The tricuspid annulus demonstrated significant changes in area (p<0.01) and perimeter (p<0.03) during the cardiac cycle, with maximum values attained at end diastole. There was significant correlation between two- and three-dimensional area changes, indicating true expansion in the annulus. The anterolateral region of the annulus demonstrated the greatest dynamism (p<0.01), and the anteroseptal region showed the least. The anteroseptal region also displayed the most nonplanarity in the annulus. In addition, vertical translational motion was observed, with a mean distance of 11.3±3.7 mm between end systolic and end diastolic annular centroids. CONCLUSIONS The tricuspid annulus is a dynamic, multiplanar structure with heterogeneous regional behavior. These characteristics should be taken into account for optimal annuloplasty device design and efficacy.
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Jiang L, Owais K, Matyal R, Khabbaz KR, Liu DC, Montealegre-Gallegos M, Hess PE, Mahmood F. Dynamism of the mitral annulus: a spatial and temporal analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 28:1191-7. [PMID: 25130425 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the authors sought to investigate the extent and timing of changes in mitral annular area during the cardiac cycle. Particularly, the authors assessed whether these changes were limited to the posterior part of the annulus or were more global in nature. DESIGN Prospective, observational study SETTING Tertiary care university hospital PARTICIPANTS Twenty three patients undergoing non-valvular cardiac surgery and 3 patients undergoing vascular procedures. INTERVENTIONS Intraoperative 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic data obtained from patients with normal mitral valves undergoing non-valvular cardiac surgery were analyzed geometrically. Annular areas and diameters were measured during various stages of the cardiac cycle. Intertrigonal distance also was measured using 3D data. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Both anterior and posterior portions of the mitral annulus demonstrated dynamism throughout the cardiac cycle. The expansion phase ranged from mid-systole to early-diastole, whereas mid-diastole to early-systole was characterized by an annular contraction phase. Area changes were contributed equally by anterior and posterior parts of the annulus. Annular dimensions increased in accordance with mitral annular area (p<0.05). Echocardiographically-identified intertrigonal distance showed the least delta change. CONCLUSIONS Both the anterior and posterior parts of the annulus contribute to changes in mitral annular area, which undergoes discrete expansion and contraction phases that extend into both systole and diastole. Compared to other annular dimensions, the echocardiographically-identified intertrigonal distance does not change significantly during the cardiac cycle.
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Owais K, Montealegre-Gallegos M, Matyal R, Liu DC, Mahmood F. A dilated structure in the left atrium. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 28:1702-3. [PMID: 25027100 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Montealegre-Gallegos M, Bergman R, Jiang L, Matyal R, Mahmood B, Mahmood F. Tricuspid Valve: An Intraoperative Echocardiographic Perspective. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 28:761-70. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Montealegre-Gallegos M, Mahmood F, Owais K, Hess P, Jainandunsing JS, Matyal R. Cardiac Output Calculation and Three-Dimensional Echocardiography. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 28:547-50. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mitchell JD, Mahmood F, Bose R, Hess PE, Wong V, Matyal R. Novel, Multimodal Approach for Basic Transesophageal Echocardiographic Teaching. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 28:800-9. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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