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Murata M, Harada M, Kato S, Takahashi S, Ogawa H, Okamoto S, Tsuchiya S, Sakamaki H, Akiyama Y, Kodera Y. Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and apheresis: analysis of adverse events in 94 normal donors. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999; 24:1065-71. [PMID: 10578156 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adverse events were analyzed in 94 normal donors who underwent PBSC harvest with G-CSF. The median dose of G-CSF was 9.7 microg/kg/day (range, 2.0-16.7), and the duration of administration was 4-6 days. Frequent symptoms were bone pain (71%), general fatigue (33%), headache (28%), insomnia (14%), anorexia (11%), nausea and/or vomiting (11%). One donor (1%) developed grade 3 toxicity bone pain (WHO criteria). WBC counts and ANC increased during G-CSF administration. After leukapheresis, three donors (3%) developed grade 3 toxicity neutropenia. Platelet counts decreased after leukapheresis. Three donors (3%) developed grade 3 thrombocytopenia. The means of both ALP and LDH increased approximately 1.9-fold compared with pretreatment levels. In one pediatric donor (1%), ALP was elevated to the grade 3 toxicity level. From multivariate analysis, the incidence of bone pain increased when G-CSF was given at a dose of 8.8 microg/kg/day or more, headaches were frequent in donors younger than 35 years, and the incidence of nausea and/or vomiting was high in female donors. The peak levels of WBC counts and ANC and post-treatment level of LDH increased in correspondence with the escalation of G-CSF dose. All adverse events normalized on follow-up evaluation. In conclusion, although PBSC harvest for normal donors is acceptable, care must be taken for all donors in terms of their sex and age as well as the G-CSF dose. We recommend less than 8.8 microg/kg/day as the G-CSF dose for PBSC mobilization in normal donors.
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Hashimoto T, Tokuchi Y, Hayashi M, Kobayashi Y, Nishida K, Hayashi S, Ishikawa Y, Tsuchiya S, Nakagawa K, Hayashi J, Tsuchiya E. p53 null mutations undetected by immunohistochemical staining predict a poor outcome with early-stage non-small cell lung carcinomas. Cancer Res 1999; 59:5572-7. [PMID: 10554037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The importance of p53 mutations in the pathogenesis of human lung carcinoma is well established, but it is still controversial whether the presence of p53 mutations or overexpression of p53 protein adversely affects an individual patient's chances of survival. The controversy may be partially due to the methodological differences in examination for p53 alterations: gene analysis or immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested that different types of mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene confer different biological properties. To clarify the relationship between immunohistochemical staining and prognosis, we investigated mutations using single-strand conformation polymorphism followed by sequencing for exons 4-8 and 10 in 144 surgically treated non-small cell lung carcinoma patients with intensive clinical follow-up. Of 144 cases, 107 adenocarcinomas were examined for immunohistochemical staining with RSP53 antibody. p53 gene mutations were observed in 65 tumors (45%), including 44 missense and 21 null mutations, the latter comprising 7 nonsense mutations, 8 deletions, 2 insertions, and 4 splicing junction mutations. Presence of p53 mutations was an independent prognostic factor with a statistical trend (P = 0.14) in stage I patients but not in all cases. When examined by mutational pattern, null mutation was a significant indicator of poor outcome by multivariate analysis (P = 0.03) in stage I patients, whereas cases with missense mutations and without mutations did not differ (P = 0.76). Forty (37%) tumors demonstrated overexpression of the p53 protein but without any survival difference. Most tumors (76%) with missense mutations were immunopositive, but those with null mutations with one exception (93%) were not, and the concordance between the mutations and immunohistochemical staining was rather low at 65%. These data suggest that the type of p53 mutation is important for prediction of outcome in early-stage non-small cell lung carcinoma patients, whereas immunohistochemical staining for abnormal p53 gene products is nonpredictive. Furthermore, null mutations causing loss of function of the gene product may play more important roles than missense mutations in tumor progression.
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Kumagai J, Yorioka N, Kawanishi H, Moriishi M, Komiya Y, Asakimori Y, Takahashi N, Tsuchiya S. Relationship between erythropoietin and chronic heart failure in patients on chronic hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10:2407-11. [PMID: 10541302 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v10112407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the relationship between the blood erythropoietin level and cardiac function was investigated in 15 patients on chronic hemodialysis who developed chronic heart failure. Another 45 patients without cardiac dysfunction were selected as a control group that was matched for gender, age, and the duration of dialysis. The erythropoietin level was 256.3 +/- 481.8 mU/ml in the heart failure group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (17.0 +/- 10.0 mU/ml, P < 0.01). Eight of the 15 patients in the heart failure group maintained a hematocrit of more than 30% without receiving recombinant human erythropoietin therapy, whereas 29 of the 45 patients in the control group required erythropoietin. In the heart failure group, the erythropoietin level was significantly correlated with the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide (P < 0.01). These results suggest that heart failure can increase the erythropoietin level in proportion to the severity of cardiac dysfunction, even in patients on long-term dialysis.
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Uchida M, Takayama M, Kato Y, Tsuchiya S, Horie S, Watanabe K. A novel method to produce extensive gastric antral ulcer in rats: pharmacological factors involved in the etiology of antral ulceration. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PARIS 1999; 93:437-42. [PMID: 10674922 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4257(99)00116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gastric antral area is the most susceptible region to gastric ulceration in man. However, only limited information is available on animal models. In the present paper, we have developed an improved method for inducing gastric antral ulcers by the administration of 1.0 M HCl after refeeding for 1 h in rats. On day 4, the severe ulcer was found covering extensively the whole area of the antrum, and penetrated through the muscularis mucosae. The incidence of ulceration was 100% and the mean ulcer index was 37.1 +/- 16.6 mm2. In contrast, none of the erosive lesions were observed in the corpus area. Before 24 h, only slight hyperemia was observed in the antral region, suggesting that some submucosal mechanisms are involved in the ulceration processes other than the direct erosive action of HCl on the mucosal surface. Additional treatment with diethyldithiocarbamate (125 mg x kg(-1), s.c.), superoxide dismutase inhibitor, significantly aggravated this antral ulcer, and the ulcer index was 66.0 +/- 13.6 mm2. Allopurinol (50 mg x kg(-1), p.o.) significantly prevented ulcer formation induced by HCl plus DDC. GSH (150 mg x kg(-1), i.p.) also markedly prevented the ulceration. However, DMSO (0.5%, 5 mL x kg(-1), p.o.) was found not to affect ulcer formation. Famotidine (20 mg x kg(-1), p.o.) almost completely inhibited ulcer formation. From the above results, it was concluded that gastric antral ulcer can be induced by the simple treatment of 1.0 M HCl in refed rats, and the antrum has a different defensive mechanism from that in the corpus area. In addition. oxygen derived radicals, especially superoxide anion and endogenous acid secretion were found to be involved in the etiology of the aggravation of the gastric antral ulcer induced by DDC.
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Ishii K, Hidaka E, Katsuyama T, Ota H, Shiozawa T, Tsuchiya S. Ultrastructural features of adenoma malignum of the uterine cervix: demonstration of gastric phenotypes. Ultrastruct Pathol 1999; 23:375-81. [PMID: 10626687 DOI: 10.1080/019131299281347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Histochemical staining has shown that so-called adenoma malignum (the mucinous type of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma [mucinous MDA]) of the uterine cervix expresses gastric phenotypes. The present ultrastructural study was undertaken to explore the fine structure and phenotypic expression of this tumor, and to make comparisons with normal cervical glands and gastric pyloric mucosa. Post-embedding, double-immunogold staining for gastric gland mucous cell mucin (HIK1083-reactive mucin) and lysozyme revealed localization exclusively to the matrix and to the core of the mucin granules, respectively, both in mucinous MDA and gastric pyloric mucosa. Mucin granules of normal cervical gland cells lacked core structures and showed no immunoreactivity with HIK1083 or lysozyme. Thus, mucinous MDA was confirmed to be a tumor expressing gastric phenotypes ultrastructurally. Both markers should be useful for the identification of tumor cells.
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Okamoto H, Watanabe K, Nishiwaki Y, Mori K, Kurita Y, Hayashi I, Masutani M, Nakata K, Tsuchiya S, Isobe H, Saijo N. Phase II study of area under the plasma-concentration-versus-time curve-based carboplatin plus standard-dose intravenous etoposide in elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:3540-5. [PMID: 10550152 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1999.17.11.3540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The target area under the plasma-concentration-versus-time curve (AUC)-based dosing of carboplatin using Calvert's formula is expected to result in more acceptable toxicity and greater efficacy in elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) than the body surface area-based dosing strategy. This phase II study was designed to determine the toxicity and efficacy of carboplatin based on Calvert's formula plus the standard dose of intravenous etoposide for elderly patients with SCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Carboplatin, dosed to a target AUC of 5 x (24-hour creatinine clearance + 25), was given intravenously on day 1 and etoposide 100 mg/m(2) was given intravenously on days 1, 2, and 3. Patients aged >/= 70 years old with a performance status of 0 to 2 were eligible. RESULTS Thirty-six patients were enrolled onto the study. The patient characteristics were as follows: median age, 73 years; limited disease (LD), 16 patients; and extensive disease (ED), 20 patients. Grades 3 and 4 leukopenia occurred in 57% and 3% of patients, and grades 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 40% and 11% of patients, respectively. There was one treatment-related death due to hemoptysis. Other toxicities were relatively mild. There were two complete responses and 25 partial responses, for a response rate of 75%. The median survival time was 10.8 months (LD, 11.6 months; ED, 10.1 months), and the 1-year survival rate was 47%. CONCLUSION This carboplatin/etoposide combination chemotherapy is an active and relatively nontoxic regimen in elderly patients with SCLC, which suggests that the combination may be suitable for randomized controlled trials.
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Ishii K, Katsuyama T, Ota H, Watanabe T, Matsuyama I, Tsuchiya S, Shiozawa T, Toki T. Cytologic and cytochemical features of adenoma malignum of the uterine cervix. Cancer Cytopathol 1999; 87:245-53. [PMID: 10536348 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19991025)87:5<245::aid-cncr2>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that adenoma malignum (the mucinous type of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma [mucinous MDA]) of the uterine cervix expresses gastric phenotypes. The application of immunocytochemistry using HIK1083, a monoclonal antibody for gastric gland mucous cell mucin, enabled us to identify cellular clusters derived not only from typical lesions of mucinous MDA and less well differentiated lesions but also from gastric metaplasia. In this study, we tried to clarify the cellular features of such clusters in cervical and endometrial smears. METHODS Twelve cases of mucinous MDA were studied. Papanicolaou stain and immunostaining with HIK1083 were performed on histologic and cytologic slides, including cervical and endometrial smears, decolorized smear slides, imprint slides of the tumors, and imprint slides of normal endocervical and gastric mucosa. RESULTS Cellular clusters derived from metaplastic lesions, typical lesions, and less well differentiated lesions were found in 9, 4, and 2 cases, respectively. The cellular clusters derived from the metaplastic lesions lacked atypia but resembled those from gastric mucosa. Those derived from the typical lesions showed slight atypia. The cytoplasmic mucins of these cellular clusters, which were positive for HIK1083, were stained yellowish-orange by Papanicolaou stain, whereas those of normal endocervical cells were negative for HIK1083 and were stained pinkish by Papanicolaou stain. CONCLUSIONS Yellowish-orange staining of cytoplasmic mucins by the Papanicolaou method is an important diagnostic clue aiding identification of mucinous MDA and related lesions by cytology. Moreover, immunostaining with HIK1083 is a useful tool in the diagnosis of these lesions by cytology as well as by histology. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol)
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Ishikawa H, Ohtsuki T, Ishiguro H, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K, Endo K, Lin YL, Yanagi H, Tsuchiya S, Kawata K, Hamaguchi H, Arinami T. Association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and smoking among Japanese males. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1999; 8:831-3. [PMID: 10498403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotoninergic system may be involved in smoking behavior because nicotine increases brain serotonin secretion, nicotine withdrawal decreases serotonin levels, and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antagonizes the response to nicotine. Compared with the L allele, the S allele of the polymorphism in the upstream regulatory region of the serotonin transporter gene is associated with decreased transcription efficiency of the 5-HTT gene promoter. We examined this polymorphism in a Japanese population consisting of 387 males from two different areas in Japan. The L allele was observed significantly more often in smokers (21%) than in nonsmokers (lifetime nonsmokers + ex-smokers, 14%; P = 0.005). The presence of the L allele (the L/L + L/S genotypes) was also significantly increased in smokers (37%) compared with that in nonsmokers (24%; P = 0.003). The present study suggests that individuals with the S/S genotype are less inclined to smoke and/or can more easily stop smoking than others, supporting a role of the serotoninergic system in smoking behavior.
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Nishio M, Karato A, Okumura S, Tsuchiya S, Nakagawa K. Second-line CPT-11 may improve survival in small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(99)81458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sunaga N, Tsuchiya S, Minato K, Watanabe S, Fueki N, Hoshino H, Makimoto T, Ishihara S, Saito R, Mori M. Serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide is a useful marker for treatment monitoring and survival in small-cell lung cancer. Oncology 1999; 57:143-8. [PMID: 10461062 DOI: 10.1159/000012022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the usefulness of serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (Pro-GRP) as a tumor marker for diagnosis, treatment monitoring and the prediction of relapse and prognosis in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Serum samples were obtained from 127 patients with primary lung cancer (48 patients with small-cell carcinoma, 31 with adenocarcinoma, 36 with squamous cell carcinoma and 11 with large-cell carcinoma). The cutoff levels of serum Pro-GRP and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were set at 46 pg/ml and 10 ng/ml, respectively. The specificity of Pro-GRP was significantly higher than that of NSE (Pro-GRP: 93.7%, NSE: 65.8%, p < 0.01). According to the histological type of lung cancer, the positive rates of Pro-GRP were 75% (36/48) in the small-cell carcinomas, 9.7% (3/31) in the adenocarcinomas, 5.6% (2/36) in the squamous cell carcinomas and 0% (0/10) in the large cell carcinomas. The median levels of Pro-GRP in limited disease (LD) and extensive disease (ED) patients were 199 and 295.5 pg/ml, whereas those of NSE were 14.8 and 29.3 ng/ml, respectively. The positive rates of Pro-GRP in LD and ED patients were 80.0% (16/20) and 71.4% (20/28), whereas those of NSE were 70.0% (14/20) and 89.3% (25/28), respectively. The positive rate of NSE tended to elevate with the progression of disease, whereas that of Pro-GRP was already high at an early stage. Among the 29 patients with SCLC who could be followed, the serum Pro-GRP levels of 18 responders were significantly decreased after treatment (p < 0.01), whereas those of the 11 nonresponders were not significantly different between before and after treatment (p = 0.72). In the 9 patients with SCLC who relapsed, the serum Pro-GRP levels were again elevated at the time of relapse. Seventeen patients whose ratio of the Pro-GRP level after treatment to the level before treatment was below 50% (taking the levels before treatment as 100%) survived significantly longer than did the patients whose ratio was over 50% (p < 0.01). The results of the present study suggest that serum Pro-GRP has high specificity and could be a useful marker of SCLC for treatment monitoring and prognosis.
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Arima H, Takahashi M, Aramaki Y, Sakamoto T, Yuda K, Akiyama K, Goto T, Tsuchiya S. Design of potent phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides directed to human interleukin 10 gene product and their evaluation of antisense activity in U937 cells. Pharm Res 1999; 16:1163-71. [PMID: 10468015 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018964625977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The two objectives of this study were to design potent phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (AS-S-oligos) directed against the human interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene product and to reveal the DNA sequence which best activates antisense effects. METHODS The design of potent AS-S-oligo was performed by using melting temperature (Tm) value of a DNA/RNA hybrid calculated by the nearest neighbor method and a secondary structure of human IL-10 mRNA suggested by RNA folding algorithms. U937 cells were used to estimate the antisense effect of the AS-S-oligos. RESULTS Of the eight candidates selected as potent AS-S-oligos on the basis of having higher Tm values and favorable secondary structures of the IL-10 mRNA, AS-S-oligos directed against the translated (AS367-S-oligo) and 3'-untranslated (AS637-S-oligo) region of IL-10 mRNA showed the strongest inhibitory effects on IL-10 production and this inhibition was dose- and time-dependent. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that the antisense effects of AS-S-oligos originated from a specific reduction of target IL-10 mRNA by hybridization with AS367- and AS637-S-oligos. In addition, these AS-S-oligos did not affect human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in the cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Strong positive correlations between the inhibitory effect of AS-S-oligos on the IL-10 production and not only Tm values calculated by nearest neighbor method but also Tm values determined by absorbance versus temperature profiles were demonstrated except for AS25-S-oligo and AS1249-S-oligo. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest AS367- and AS637-S-oligos powerfully inhibit IL-10 production in U937 cells via an antisense mechanism. In addition, it is suggested efficiency of AS-S-oligo directed against the sequence of the target gene product can be explained by these Tm values and the proposed secondary structures of the target gene product.
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Kaiho T, Tanaka T, Tsuchiya S, Miura M, Saigusa N, Yanagisawa S, Takeuchi O, Kitakata Y, Saito H, Shimizu A, Miyazaki M. A case of classical carcinoid tumor of the gallbladder: review of the Japanese published works. HEPATO-GASTROENTEROLOGY 1999; 46:2189-95. [PMID: 10521965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
A 58 year-old man was admitted to Kimitsu Chuo Hospital complaining of epigastralgia. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography revealed a polypoid lesion at the neck of the gallbladder. Given the pre-operative diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma, we resected the gallbladder along with the extrahepatic bile duct. There was a papillary tumor (25 x 16 mm) at the neck of the gallbladder. Histopathological examinations showed a subserosal nodular proliferation of uniform small tumor cells. Grimelius staining was slightly positive and Fontana-Masson staining was negative. Most of the tumor cells stained positively for chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and some of the tumor cells were positive for pancreatic polypeptide. The presence of neurosecretory intracytoplasmic granules was proven ultrastructurally. It was diagnosed as a classical carcinoid tumor of the gallbladder. We reviewed the Japanese reported cases and discussed the difference in clinicopathological findings between classical and atypical carcinoid tumors of the gallbladder. Classical carcinoids of the gallbladder have neither a metastatic nor invasive character, and an extremely favorable prognosis compared with atypical carcinoids. The difference in character between classical and atypical carcinoids of the gallbladder is thought to be derived from their histogenetic origin.
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Kawasaki S, Oshitani H, Suzuki H, Arakawa M, Mizuta K, Imaizumi M, Tsuchiya S, Konno T. PCR-RFLP analysis of cytomegalovirus infections associated with bone marrow transplantation in Japanese children. Microbiol Immunol 1999; 43:359-64. [PMID: 10385202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the longitudinal molecular epidemiology of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections associated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in Japanese children, we analyzed 36 CMV strains from 11 cases. Three regions (DNA polymerase, glycoprotein H, and immediate-early regions) of CMV DNA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and amplified products were each digested with two restriction enzymes, followed by electrophoresis. These restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses allowed the differentiation of 36 strains into 13 genotypes. Each patient excreted his or her own CMV with distinct genotype over the study period of up to one year. CMVs of two different genotypes were recovered during a one-month study from one recipient, who received a peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Although the majority of patients and donors were CMV-seropositive before BMT, multiple CMV infections might not be common and the reactivation of latently infected CMV might be prominent in Japanese children receiving transplants.
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Ogura K, Tsuchiya S, Terasawa H, Yuzawa S, Hatanaka H, Mandiyan V, Schlessinger J, Inagaki F. Solution structure of the SH2 domain of Grb2 complexed with the Shc-derived phosphotyrosine-containing peptide. J Mol Biol 1999; 289:439-45. [PMID: 10356320 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1999.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The solution structure of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) SH2 complexed with a Shc-derived phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-containing peptide was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The pTyr binding site of Grb2 SH2 was similar to those of other SH2 domains. In contrast, the amino acid residues C-terminal to pTyr did not form an extended structure because of steric hindrance caused by a bulky side-chain of Trp121 (EF1). As a result, the peptide formed a turn-structure on the surface of Grb2 SH2. The asparagine residue at the pTyr+2 position of the Shc-peptide interacted with the main-chain carbonyl groups of Lys109 and Leu120. The present solution structure was similar to the crystal structure reported for Grb2 SH2 complexed with a BCR-Abl-derived phosphotyrosine-containing peptide. Finally, the structure of Grb2 SH2 domain was compared with those of the complexes of Src and phospholipase C-gamma1 with their cognate peptides, showing that the specific conformation of the peptide was required for binding to the SH2 domains.
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Tsuchiya S, Ogura K, Hatanaka H, Nagata K, Terasawa H, Mandiyan V, Schlessinger J, Aimoto S, Ohta H, Inagaki F. Solution structure of the SH2 domain of Grb2/Ash complexed with EGF receptor-derived phosphotyrosine-containing peptide. J Biochem 1999; 125:1151-9. [PMID: 10348919 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
1H, 13C, and 15N NMR resonances of the SH2 domain of Grb2/Ash in both the free form and the form complexed with a phosphotyrosine-containing peptide derived from the EGF receptor were assigned by analysis of multi-dimensional, double- and triple-resonance NMR experiments. From the chemical shift changes of individual residues upon peptide binding, the binding site for the peptide was mapped on the structure of Grb2/Ash SH2. The peptide was not recognized by the groove formed by the BG and EF loops, suggesting that the EGFR peptide does not bind to Grb2/Ash SH2 in an extended conformation. This was supported by analysis of the binding affinity of mutants where residues on the BG and EF loops were changed to alanine. The present results are consistent with the recently reported structures of Grb2/Ash SH2 complexed with BCR-Abl and Shc-derived phosphotyrosine containing peptides, where the peptide forms a turn conformation. This shows that the specific conformation of the phosphotyrosine-containing sequence is required for the SH2 binding responsible for downstream signaling.
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Asada H, Ishii N, Sasaki Y, Endo K, Kasai H, Tanaka N, Takeshita T, Tsuchiya S, Konno T, Sugamura K. Grf40, A novel Grb2 family member, is involved in T cell signaling through interaction with SLP-76 and LAT. J Exp Med 1999; 189:1383-90. [PMID: 10224278 PMCID: PMC2193052 DOI: 10.1084/jem.189.9.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We molecularly cloned a new Grb2 family member, named Grf40, containing the common SH3-SH2-SH3 motif. Expression of Grf40 is predominant in hematopoietic cells, particularly T cells. Grf40 binds to the SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kD (SLP-76) via its SH3 domain more tightly than Grb2. Incidentally, Grf40 binds to linker for activation of T cells (LAT) possibly via its SH2 domain. Overexpression of wild-type Grf40 in Jurkat cells induced a significant increase of SLP-76-dependent interleukin (IL)-2 promoter and nuclear factor of activated T cell (NF-AT) activation upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, whereas the COOH-terminal SH3-deleted Grf40 mutant lacked any recognizable increase in IL-2 promoter activity. Furthermore, the SH2-deleted Grf40 mutant led to a marked inhibition of these regulatory activities, the effect of which is apparently stronger than that of the SH2-deleted Grb2 mutant. Our data suggest that Grf40 is an adaptor molecule involved in TCR-mediated signaling through a more efficient interaction than Grb2 with SLP-76 and LAT.
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Kawai S, Sasahara Y, Minegishi M, Tsuchiya S, Fujie H, Ohashi Y, Kumaki S, Konno T. Immunological reconstitution by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a child with the X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 1999; 158:394-7. [PMID: 10333122 DOI: 10.1007/s004310051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A successful transplantation of sibling marrow in a patient with the X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome is reported. Engraftment of HLA-identical marrow cells was obtained, although complicated by grade I acute graft-versus-host disease. Expression of the CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154) by activated T-cells from the recipient remained at low levels until 10 months after the transplantation, but then normalized. The patient is now fully competent in immune function without any episodes of severe infection 24 months later. CONCLUSION Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is a reasonable therapeutic option for X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome if HLA-matched family donors are available. Whether dysregulation of CD40L expression causes post-transplant immunological abnormalities remains to be clarified.
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Okuno J, Yanagi H, Tomura S, Oka M, Hara S, Hirano C, Tsuchiya S. Compliance and medication knowledge among elderly Japanese home-care recipients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 55:145-9. [PMID: 10335910 DOI: 10.1007/s002280050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the risk factors for noncompliance in elderly home-care recipients; and to evaluate to what extent regular home visits and drug counseling by a pharmacist contribute to compliance. SUBJECTS One hundred and sixty-three elderly home-care recipients aged 62 years and over took part in this study. All subjects were cognitively normal, and taking a regimen of one or more prescribed drugs. Medication use was observed by pharmacist-conducted interviews during home visits. Compliance was estimated by comparing prescribed regimens with medications actually being taken at home. RESULTS The mean age with (SD) of the subjects was 78.7 (8.3) years. Eighteen per cent were regularly counseled by a pharmacist about medication. Poor compliance with prescribed medications was associated with subjects aged 80 years and over, who were administering their own medication, consuming less than three meals a day, did not have one dose packages, and who were not receiving pharmacist counseling. In multiple logistic regression analyses, frequency of meals (OR 5.99; 95% CI 1.25-28.79), pharmacist counseling (OR 5.32; 95% CI 2.00-14.20), and age (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.92-1.00) were independent predictors of good compliance for home-care recipients with physical disabilities. Compliance correlated inversely with knowledge of drug names, and drug purposes in the uncounseled group. Compliance, however, positively correlated with knowledge of drug purposes in the counseled group. CONCLUSION In this study, compliance among elderly Japanese home-care recipients was found to be associated with receiving pharmacist counseling, frequency of meals, and age.
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Suzuki T, Saijo Y, Ebina M, Yaekashiwa M, Minegishi M, Tsuchiya S, Konno T, Ono S, Matsumura Y, Fujimura S, Nukiwa T. Bilateral pneumothoraces with multiple bullae in a patient with asymptomatic bronchiolitis obliterans 10 years after bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999; 23:829-31. [PMID: 10231147 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A 16-year-old boy developed bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) 10 years after BMT for myelodysplastic syndrome. Although the patient complained of almost no dyspnea on exertion, he had mild hypercapnea with a markedly reduced forced expiratory volume of 0.32 l. Chest X-rays showed occasional bilateral minimal pneumothoraces, which is in accordance with the existence of multiple small bullae found on the pleural surface at video-assisted thoracic surgery. Histologic examination of the biopsied lung revealed BO. This case indicates that BO in adolescence following BMT and possible chronic GVHD may be masked because of lung immaturity at BMT, and BO after BMT may be associated with multiple pleural bullae.
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Makimoto T, Tsuchiya S, Hayakawa K, Saitoh R, Mori M. Risk factors for severe radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1999; 29:192-7. [PMID: 10340042 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/29.4.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors for severe radiation pneumonitis, which often spreads beyond treatment portals and may even be bilateral, have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to identify important factors associated with severe radiation pneumonitis. METHODS 111 cases of primary lung cancer, treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Severe radiation pneumonitis occurred in 17 cases (15.3%). The ratio of interstitial change in lungs before radiotherapy and radiotherapy to the contralateral mediastinum with > 40 Gy in the radiation pneumonitis group (RP group) was significantly higher than in patients without radiation pneumonitis (control group) (47.1% vs 5.3%; P < 0.001 and 58.8% vs 27.7%; P = 0.037, respectively). Using logistic regression analysis, interstitial changes before radiotherapy and radiotherapy to the contralateral mediastinum of > 40 Gy were significant risk factors associated with severe radiation pneumonitis. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that pre-existing interstitial changes detected by chest radiography or computed tomography and radiotherapy to the contralateral mediastinum (> 40 Gy) may predict the development of severe radiation pneumonitis.
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Imashuku S, Hibi S, Todo S, Sako M, Inoue M, Kawa K, Koike K, Iwai A, Tsuchiya S, Akiyama Y, Kotani T, Kawamura Y, Hirosawa M, Hasegawa D, Kosaka Y, Yamaguchi H, Ishii E, Kato K, Ishii M, Kigasawa H. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) in Japan. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999; 23:569-72. [PMID: 10217187 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Seventeen cases (age at onset, 1 month to 18 years; M/F, 9/8) of hemophagocytic syndrome which received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in Japan during the period 1988-1998 are reported. The patients consisted of six familial inheritance-proven erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FEL), five familial inheritance-unknown and infective agents-unknown HLH (of which two were highly likely to have been FEL with characteristic CNS signs), and six aggressive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related HLH (of which two were natural killer cell-type large granular leukemia/lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, EBV-NK-LGLL-HPS). All cases were treated intensively with immuno-chemotherapy, or with chemotherapy before SCT. As sources of SCT, 12 cases received bone marrow cells (sibling six, father one, URD five), two cord blood, two purified CD34-positive cells, and one PBSC. SCTs were successful in all 17 cases, apart from one receiving CD34-positive SCT. Following SCT, four patients relapsed and five died with a median follow-up of 23 months. Among the relapsed cases, the two EBV-NK-LGLL-HPS previously published as successfully transplanted were included. Among the fatal cases, three patients died from relapsed active disease and the remaining two from fatal post-SCT EBV-positive T cell lymphoma and extensive chronic GVHD, respectively. As of the end of September 1998, 10 patients are alive without disease for 3.5 months to 147 months, while two post-SCT patients are still having therapy for residual/recurrent disease. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a 2-year event-free survival after SCT as 54.0+/-13.0%.
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Yamakawa-Kobayashi K, Yanagi H, Fukayama H, Hirano C, Shimakura Y, Yamamoto N, Arinami T, Tsuchiya S, Hamaguchi H. Frequent occurrence of hypoalphalipoproteinemia due to mutant apolipoprotein A-I gene in the population: a population-based survey. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8:331-6. [PMID: 9931341 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.2.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the frequency of familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia in the general population due to mutation of the apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) gene, we analyzed sequence variations in the apo A-I gene. The subjects were 67 children with a low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level (</=38 mg/dl, below the fifth percentile in the population of this study) who were screened from 1254 schoolchildren through a school survey. Four different mutations with deleterious potential, three frameshifts and one splice site mutation, were identified in four of the subjects. The plasma apo A-I levels of the four children with apo A-I gene mutations were reduced to approximately half of the normal levels and were below the first percentile of the general population distribution (80 mg/dl). Thus, the frequency of hypoalphalipoproteinemia due to a mutant apolipoprotein A-I gene was estimated at 6% (95% CI: 2.4-14. 4%) in the subjects with low HDL cholesterol levels and 0.3% (95% CI: 0.1-0.8%) in the Japanese population. This suggests that familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia due to apo A-I gene mutations is relatively common.
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Kumaki S, Ishii N, Minegishi M, Tsuchiya S, Cosman D, Sugamura K, Konno T. Functional role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-7 in the development of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. Blood 1999; 93:607-12. [PMID: 9885222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is characterized by an absent or diminished number of T cells and natural-killer (NK) cells with a normal or elevated number of B cells, and results from mutations of the gammac chain. The gammac chain is shared by interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 receptors. Recently, a survival signal through the IL-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Ralpha) chain was shown to be important for T-cell development in mice and was suggested to contribute to the X-SCID phenotype. In the present study, we examined function of a mutant gammac chain (A156V) isolated from an X-SCID patient and found that T cells expressing the mutant gammac chain were selectively impaired in their responses to IL-4 or IL-7 compared with the wild-type gammac chain expressing cells although responses to IL-2 or IL-15 were relatively maintained. The result shows that IL-4- and/or IL-7-induced signaling through the gammac chain is critical for T-cell development and plays an important role in the development of the X-SCID phenotype.
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Hara S, Yanagi H, Okuno J, Azuma K, Yuzawa T, Hirano C, Tomura S, Tsuchiya S. [Lifestyle, mental health, and awareness of health among Japanese bus drivers]. [NIHON KOSHU EISEI ZASSHI] JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 1998; 45:1162-70. [PMID: 10067083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
To examine lifestyle, mental health and awareness of health, a self-administered questionnaire survey was performed among 751 employees of a bus company in a rural city of Japan. From 597 (79.5%) respondents, we analyzed 130 male bus drivers and age-matched 130 male clerks. The questionnaire included eleven questions about lifestyle and mental health, three questions about awareness of health, and questions on personal concern about specific parts of the body or diseases, and health information they needed. Answers for lifestyle and mental health were classified into the categories of "good" or "not good" practices recommended by Breslow and Morimoto. The results were as follows; 1) Over 80 percent of subjects of both groups had good awareness of health, but bus drivers had significantly worse lifestyle with regard to nutritional intake (p < 0.05), daily walking (p < 0.001), sports (p < 0.05), and sleeping hours (p < 0.001). 2) Bus drivers had significantly greater prevalence of concern about their cardiovascular system, esophagus and gastrointestinal system, and joints and bones than clerks (p < 0.05). 3) Bus drivers had a significantly greater need for information about nutritional intake (p < 0.001), and methods for prevention of diseases (p < 0.01). From these results, the discrepancy between awareness of health and lifestyle seen in this study, especially in food intake, walking time, sports participation, and sleep, may have resulted from the bus driver's characteristics of job, for example, long and irregular working hours. Therefore, effective guidance on health and lifestyle changes to restore balance and improve their lifestyle.
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Aikawa K, Matsumoto K, Uda H, Tanaka S, Shimamura H, Aramaki Y, Tsuchiya S. Prolonged release of drug from O/w emulsion and residence in rat nasal cavity. Pharm Dev Technol 1998; 3:461-9. [PMID: 9834948 DOI: 10.3109/10837459809028627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the usefulness of an o/w emulsion for slowing the release of chlorpheniramine maleate (CM) and prolonging drug residence in the nasal cavity. O/w emulsion formulations of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) were prepared, and their physicochemical properties and drug release kinetics were evaluated using the in vitro dialysis tube method. Drug disappearance from the rat nasal cavity was determined in in situ nasal experiments. CM partitioned in oil droplets by pH, as predicted by pH partition theory. With higher MCT concentration and pH, slower release of CM was observed. CM disappearance (kapp) from the rat nasal cavity was influenced by the amount of drug partitioned in the oil droplets with both the perfusion and deposit methods, and the kapp of CM decreased with increase in MCT concentration and pH. Moreover, with the deposit method, CM remaining in the nasal cavity exhibited a biphasic profile of disappearance, which complied with a saturated process. Because a very small portion of MCT might be adsorbed and formed a pseudooily layer on the mucous membranes, prolongation of CM residence on the mucous membrane was attained. These findings suggest that emulsion containing 30% MCT at pH 8 may be useful for inclusion in controlled-release formulations of CM for intranasal drug delivery in the treatment of allergy.
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