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Ratain MJ, Flaherty KT, Stadler WM, O'Dwyer P, Kaye S, Xiong H, Patnaik A, Gore M, Lee RJ, Eisen T. Preliminary antitumor activity of BAY 43–9006 in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and other advanced refractory solid tumors in a phase II randomized discontinuation trial (RDT). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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102
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Krasner CN, McMeekin S, Chan S, Braly P, Kaye S, Provencher D, Klecz J, Michiels B, Van de Velde H, Gore M. A phase II study of weekly trabectedin (ET-743) in second/third line ovarian carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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103
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Hubner R, Ahmad T, Rigg A, Kaye S, Gibbens I, Keyzor C, Prouse A, Gore M. Epirubicin-carboplatin-capecitabine (ECarboX) in relapsed ovarian cancer: A phase I/II trial. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.5109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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104
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Lee C, Appleton K, Plumb J, Kaye S, Cruickshank C, Twelves C, Vasey P, Judson I, Brown R, Mackay H. A phase I trial of the DNA-hypomethylating agent 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine in combination with carboplatin both given 4 weekly by intravenous injection in patients with advanced solid tumours. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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105
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Piccart MJ, Bertelsen K, Stuart G, Cassidy J, Mangioni C, Simonsen E, James K, Kaye S, Vergote I, Blom R, Grimshaw R, Atkinson R, Swenerton K, Trope C, Nardi M, Kaern J, Tumolo S, Timmers P, Roy JA, Lhoas F, Lidvall B, Bacon M, Birt A, Andersen J, Zee B, Paul J, Pecorelli S, Baron B, McGuire W. Long-term follow-up confirms a survival advantage of the paclitaxel-cisplatin regimen over the cyclophosphamide-cisplatin combination in advanced ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2003; 13 Suppl 2:144-8. [PMID: 14656271 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2003.13357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Two independent and consecutive randomized clinical trials, conducted by the American Gynecological Oncology Group and by an European-Canadian Intergroup, have shown superiority, in clinical response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival, of a cisplatin-paclitaxel regimen over cisplatin-cyclophosphamide given as first-line chemotherapy for women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. The results of these studies, published with a median follow-up of about 3 years, have been updated with a 6.5-year follow-up: In each case, an 11% absolute gain in survival favoring the paclitaxel arm is shown; this advantage remains both statistically and clinically significant and supports a role for paclitaxel in frontline chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer.
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Piccart MJ, Bertelsen K, Stuart G, Cassidy J, Mangioni C, Simonsen E, James K, Kaye S, Vergote I, Blom R, Grimshaw R, Atkinson R, Swenerton K, Trope C, Nardi M, Kaern J, Tumolo S, Timmers P, Roy JA, Lhoas F, Lidvall B, Bacon M, Birt A, Andersen J, Zee B, Paul J, Pecorelli S, Baron B, Mcguire W. Long-term follow-up confirms a survival advantage of the paclitaxel–cisplatin regimen over the cyclophosphamide–cisplatin combination in advanced ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2003. [DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200311001-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Two independent and consecutive randomized clinical trials, conducted by the American Gynecological Oncology Group and by an European–Canadian Intergroup, have shown superiority, in clinical response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival, of a cisplatin–paclitaxel regimen over cisplatin–cyclophosphamide given as first-line chemotherapy for women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. The results of these studies, published with a median follow-up of about 3 years, have been updated with a 6.5-year follow-up: In each case, an 11% absolute gain in survival favoring the paclitaxel arm is shown; this advantage remains both statistically and clinically significant and supports a role for paclitaxel in frontline chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer.
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107
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Shankar J, Kaye S. Trends in squint surgical activity. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87:918. [PMID: 12812900 PMCID: PMC1771759 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.87.7.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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108
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Eghtesadi K, Kaye S, O'Hare M, Pierce J, Uslan M, Dusling YK. Making Photocopying Accessible to All. ERGONOMICS IN DESIGN 2002. [DOI: 10.1177/106480460201000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary team assesses the needs of users with limitations and develops the Universal Access Copier System.
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110
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Kaye S, Dunn DT, Babiker AG, Darbyshire JH, Hooker MH, Nesarantnam S, Newberry A, Weber J, Breckenridge A, Babiker A, Back D, Blatchford N, Darbyshire JH, Gazzard B, Gartland M, Hooker M, Jeffries D, Johnson M, Plummer K, Wills B, Kitchen V, Loveday C, Tedder R, Weber J, Weller IVD, Withnall R. Observations of HIV-1 Genotypic Drug Resistance in a Trial of Four Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (Quattro Trial). Antivir Ther 2002. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350200700102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Quattro Trial compared the use of four HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (zidovudine, lamivudine, loviride and zalcitabine), given either as four-drug combination therapy or monotherapy, with 8-week cycles of each drug, with zidovudine/lamivudine dual therapy. Observations of resistance associated and other mutations in the RT gene were made to determine whether therapy failure could be explained by acquisition of these mutations and whether novel mutation patterns developed. As in the intent-to-treat analysis, the use of cyclical monotherapy gave a smaller reduction in plasma virus load at 64 weeks (0.4 log10 copies/ml below baseline) than the quadruple or dual therapy arms (1.3 and 0.8 log10 copies/ml below baseline). Cyclical therapy appeared to generate less genotypic resistance to zidovudine, loviride or zalcitabine than the other arms. Resistance to lamivudine (mutation M184V) developed rapidly in all three arms. Resistance to zidovudine was acquired by a larger proportion of subjects on dual therapy than on quadruple therapy. Resistance to loviride or zalcitabine was rarely observed. During lamivudine monotherapy the M184V mutation was rapidly acquired and viral load rebounded. Zalcitabine monotherapy initially selected M184V mutants, but these were lost as therapy continued. Novel mutations that may have been associated with combination or cyclical quadruple therapy were observed infrequently. There was no clear correlation between changes in response to therapy and the development of previously described resistance mutations or with novel mutations in the RT gene.
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111
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Fredrickson ED, Gorelenkov N, Cheng CZ, Bell R, Darrow D, Johnson D, Kaye S, LeBlanc B, Menard J, Kubota S, Peebles W. Observation of compressional Alfvén modes during neutral-beam heating on the national spherical torus experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:145001. [PMID: 11580654 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.145001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Neutral-beam-driven compressional Alfvén eigenmodes at frequencies below the ion cyclotron frequency have been observed and identified for the first time in the National Spherical Torus Experiment. The modes are observed as a broad spectrum of nearly equally spaced peaks in the frequency range from approximately 0.2omega(ci) to approximately 1.2omega(ci). The frequency has a scaling with toroidal field and plasma density consistent with Alfvén waves. The modes have been observed with high bandwidth magnetic pickup coils and with a reflectometer.
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112
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Johnston SR, Kaye S. Caelyx: treatment for relapsing ovarian cancer. HOSPITAL MEDICINE (LONDON, ENGLAND : 1998) 2001; 62:611-6. [PMID: 11688123 DOI: 10.12968/hosp.2001.62.10.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although there have been significant improvements in the first-line treatment of ovarian cancer, the options for patients who relapse have been limited. Caelyx is a new treatment using long-circulating liposomes to target delivery of doxorubicin to the tumour. This article reviews the treatment of ovarian cancer and looks at the place of Caelyx as a new second-line treatment option.
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113
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Cohen Stuart JW, Wensing AM, Kovacs C, Righart M, de Jong D, Kaye S, Schuurman R, Visser CJ, Boucher CA. Transient relapses ("blips") of plasma HIV RNA levels during HAART are associated with drug resistance. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001; 28:105-13. [PMID: 11588503 DOI: 10.1097/00042560-200110010-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In a large number of patients on HAART who achieved plasma HIV RNA levels below the limit of detection (50 copies/ml), transient relapses of HIV RNA levels ("blips") are observed. OBJECTIVE To determine whether relapses of plasma HIV RNA during HAART are associated with development of drug resistance. METHODS Plasma samples from 15 patients with a transient viral load relapse during HAART were studied. All regimens contained lamivudine (3TC). We used an ultrasensitive sequence approach to analyze the presence of drug resistance mutations during the relapse. RESULTS The median plasma HIV RNA load of the relapse was 76 copies/ml (range 50-1239). In 11 of 15 cases, a genotype of HIV could be obtained. Mutations in the RT and protease gene conferring resistance to one or more drugs were observed in 8 of 11 patients, 6 of whom had the M184V substitution. During a median follow-up of 27 months after the relapse, plasma HIV RNA levels remained undetectable in 13 of 15 patients. CONCLUSIONS Plasma HIV RNA blips during HAART can be associated with selection of drug-resistant HIV. This indicates that viral replication may occur during HAART, probably caused by a temporary decrease in active drug concentrations. A blip containing only wild-type virus is not necessarily caused by viral replication. In this situation the raise of HIV RNA could also originate from release of wild-type viruses, caused by activation of the latent virus reservoir. Independent of the mechanism, blips did not preclude successful inhibition of viral replication during 2-year follow-up in the majority of these cases.
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114
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Hartley JC, Kaye S, Stevenson S, Bennett J, Ridgway G. PCR detection and molecular identification of Chlamydiaceae species. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3072-9. [PMID: 11526131 PMCID: PMC88299 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.9.3072-3079.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent taxonomic developments, based on 16s and 23s rRNA gene sequences, have divided the family Chlamydiaceae into two genera and nine species, of which five have been found to infect humans. Few simple methods are available to detect and identify all species sensitively and specifically. In this study the suitability of the omp2 gene as a target for molecular identification of Chlamydiaceae is demonstrated. Phylogenetic analysis of partial omp2 gene sequences from all nine species agrees with the recently published taxonomic changes based on the ribosomal genes. The use of a family-specific PCR primer pair, which is able to amplify the 5' end of the omp2 gene from all Chlamydiaceae except some Chlamydophila pecorum strains, is described. Identification of all nine species was achieved using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with a single enzyme, AluI, confirmed by DNA sequencing. A PCR enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay was developed which can detect a single chlamydial genome and may be applied to DNA extracts from any specimen or culture for the detection of single or mixed human chlamydial infection.
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115
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Abstract
Although 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used to treat breast and colorectal cancers for several decades, bolus 5-FU has disappointing efficacy. Prolonged infusion schedules and biomodulation with leucovorin have resulted in improved response rates, but these have not translated into significant improvements in survival in patients with metastatic disease. Furthermore, prolonged infusion is inconvenient for patients and can result in medical complications. New oral fluoropyrimidines, including capecitabine, are promising alternatives to i.v. 5-FU. Capecitabine generates 5-FU preferentially within tumors through exploitation of the high intratumoral activity of thymidine phosphorylase. The tumor selectivity of capecitabine has been confirmed in a clinical study of colorectal cancer patients. Clinical trials have shown that capecitabine is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for breast and colorectal cancer, with response rates of 20-26% in anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer. As first-line monotherapy, capecitabine produces response rates of 25-27% in metastatic colorectal cancer and 30% in metastatic breast cancer. In all studies to date, capecitabine has been well tolerated, with adverse events typical of infusional 5-FU and manageable with treatment interruption/dose modification. Myelosuppression and alopecia are rare. Capecitabine is also being investigated in other solid tumors (including ovarian, pancreatic and gastric cancers) as adjuvant monotherapy in breast and colorectal cancer, and in combination with other cytotoxic agents. Results of ongoing trials are eagerly awaited.
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117
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Kaye S, Batterbury M, Fisher A. Refractive, keratometric, and topographic determination of astigmatic axis after penetrating keratoplasty. Br J Ophthalmol 2001; 85:761. [PMID: 11371499 PMCID: PMC1724024 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.85.6.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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118
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Crawford S, Kaye S, Davis J, Gillis C, Hole D, Paul J, Vasey P. International variations in the surgical management of advanced ovarian cancer between countries participating in scotroc: a large prospective international phase-3 trial. Eur J Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)81509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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119
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Salazar R, Paul J, Grant I, Hutchison C, Twelves C, Kaye S. Changes in the methodology of phase I clinical trials of anticancer agents and their impact in a single centre between 1983 and 1999. Eur J Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)80738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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120
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Needham AD, Natha S, Kaye S. Similarities in the packaging of cyanoacrylate nail glue and ophthalmic preparations: an ongoing problem. Br J Ophthalmol 2001; 85:496-7. [PMID: 11302128 PMCID: PMC1723922 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.85.4.496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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121
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Abstract
A sample of 200 injecting drug users were interviewed about their bodily injection sites. The mean number of injection sites ever used by subjects was 3.1, with a mean of 2.0 sites used in the previous 6 months. Sixteen percent of subjects had injected in five or more sites. Almost all (99%) had injected in the cubital fossa (crook of the arm). The next most popular site was the forearm (71%). Other sites included the hand (53%), foot (19%), leg (18%), neck (10%) and groin (6%). There was a clear progression in sites used, from the cubital fossa at initial injection to the use of sites such as the groin after 10 years of injecting. Females had used significantly more injection sites than males and reported more injection-related problems. The use of more injection sites was independently associated with a greater number of injection-related problems and a greater number of drug classes ever injected.
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Abstract
AIMS To document the geographical injection locations of IDU, and the factors and harms associated with injecting in public places. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred injecting drug users. FINDINGS Nearly all subjects (96%) had injected in a public place, and 89% had done so in the preceding 6 months. Large proportions had injected in all locations studied, including cars (90%), public toilets (81%), the street (80%) and trains (55%). Injecting in public places also occurred frequently, with 53% of subjects having injected often in at least one public location during the preceding 6 months. Twenty-seven per cent of subjects had injected often in the street over the preceding 6 months, 22% had injected often in cars and 17% had injected often in public toilets. Frequent injectors in public places were more likely to be male, and to have overdosed in the preceding 6 months, injected significantly more drug classes in the preceding 6 months, injected in more bodily injecting sites in the preceding 6 months and had more current injection-related problems than other IDU. CONCLUSIONS Injecting in public places was practiced by the overwhelming majority of the sample, and a pattern of increased harm was associated with frequent public injecting. In attempting to quantify the harm associated with injecting, and to reduce such harm, the locations injections take place in are of major importance.
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Nemunaitis J, Khuri F, Ganly I, Arseneau J, Posner M, Vokes E, Kuhn J, McCarty T, Landers S, Blackburn A, Romel L, Randlev B, Kaye S, Kirn D. Phase II trial of intratumoral administration of ONYX-015, a replication-selective adenovirus, in patients with refractory head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:289-98. [PMID: 11208818 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2001.19.2.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the safety, humoral immune response replication, and activity of multiple intratumoral injections of ONYX-015 (replication selective adenovirus) in patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase II trial enrolled patients with SCCHN who had recurrence/relapse after prior conventional treatment. Patients received ONYX-015 at a dose of 2 x 10(11) particles via intratumoral injection for either 5 consecutive days (standard) or twice daily for 2 consecutive weeks (hyperfractionated) during a 21-day cycle. Patients were monitored for tumor response, toxicity, and antibody formation. RESULTS Forty patients (30 standard and 10 hyperfractionated) received 533 injections of ONYX-015. Standard treatment resulted in 14% partial to complete regression, 41% stable disease, and 45% progressive disease rates. Hyperfractionated treatment resulted in 10% complete response, 62% stable disease, and 29% progressive disease rates. Treatment-related toxicity included mild to moderate fever (67% overall) and injection site pain (47% on the standard regimen, 80% on the hyperfractionated regimen). Detectable circulating ONYX-015 genome suggestive of intratumoral replication was identified in 41% of tested patients on days 5 and 6 of cycle 1; 9% of patients had evidence of viral replication 10 days after injection during cycle 1, and no patients had evidence of replication > or = 22 days after injection. CONCLUSION ONYX-015 can be safely administered via intratumoral injection to patients with recurrent/refractory SCCHN. ONYX-015 viremia is transient. Evidence of modest antitumoral activity is suggested.
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Nemunaitis J, Ganly I, Khuri F, Arseneau J, Kuhn J, McCarty T, Landers S, Maples P, Romel L, Randlev B, Reid T, Kaye S, Kirn D. Selective replication and oncolysis in p53 mutant tumors with ONYX-015, an E1B-55kD gene-deleted adenovirus, in patients with advanced head and neck cancer: a phase II trial. Cancer Res 2000; 60:6359-66. [PMID: 11103798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
ONYX-015 is an E1B-55kDa gene-deleted adenovirus engineered to selectively replicate in and lyse p53-deficient cancer cells. To evaluate the selectivity of ONYX-015 replication and cytopathic effects for the first time in humans, we carried out a Phase II clinical testing of intratumoral and peritumoral ONYX-015 injection in 37 patients with recurrent head and neck carcinoma. Patients received ONYX-015 at a daily dose of 1 x 10(10) plaque-forming units (pfu) via intratumoral injection for 5 days during week 1 of each 3-week cycle (n = 30; cohort A), or 1 x 10(10) pfu twice a day for 10 days during weeks 1 and 2 of each 3-week cycle. Posttreatment biopsies documented selective ONYX-015 presence and/or replication in the tumor tissue of 7 of 11 patients biopsied on days 5-14, but not in immediately adjacent normal tissue (0 of 11 patients; P = 0.01). Tissue destruction was also highly selective; significant tumor regression (>50%) occurred in 21% of evaluable patients, whereas no toxicity to injected normal peritumoral tissues was demonstrated. p53 mutant tumors were significantly more likely to undergo ONYX-015-induced necrosis (7 of 12) than were p53 wild-type tumors (0 of 7; P = 0.017). High neutralizing antibody titers did not prevent infection and/or replication within tumors. ONYX-015 is the first genetically engineered replication-competent virus to demonstrate selective intratumoral replication and necrosis in patients. This agent demonstrates the promise of replication-selective viruses as a novel therapeutic platform against cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adenovirus E1B Proteins/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/physiology
- Aged
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/blood
- Biopsy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology
- Female
- Genes, p53/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/virology
- Humans
- Injections, Intralesional
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/virology
- Virus Replication
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Clarke JR, Kaye S, Babiker AG, Hooker MH, Tedder R, Weber JN. Comparison of a point mutation assay with a line probe assay for the detection of the major mutations in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase gene associated with reduced susceptibility to nucleoside analogues. J Virol Methods 2000; 88:117-24. [PMID: 10960699 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(00)00173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the performance of a line probe assay (LiPA) for the detection of the major mutations associated with reduced sensitivity to nucleoside analogues with a well characterised point mutation assay (PMA). Plasma samples obtained from patients in a trial of four reverse transcriptase inhibitors (MRC Quattro Trial) were tested by both LiPA and PMA at baseline, 32nd and 64th weeks for the presence of drug resistance associated mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene. HIV-1 RNA was extracted from plasma by the Boom method and amplified by RT-PCR prior to being tested by LiPA or PMA. Assay discrepancies were further investigated by sequencing of the RT gene. Of 275 samples available from 98 trial subjects, 246 samples were successfully amplified by PCR and analysed by LiPA and PMA for six mutations. Of the 1476 individual codons analysed, LiPA successfully assayed 1444 (97.8%) and PMA gave a result with 1418 (96.1%). LiPA failed to give a result for 32 codons from 22 samples and PMA failed with 58 codons from 38 samples. Gross differences between the two assays, in which one scored a codon as wild-type only and the other as mutant only or vice versa, occurred at 28 codons analysed (1.9%) representing 26 samples from 20 subjects. Sequencing of 22 of the 26 samples confirmed the LiPA result in nine cases, the PMA result in 11 and detected a novel variant at codon 215 in four cases. The PMA and LiPA approach to the detection of the major mutations that are genotypically associated with reduced sensitivity to nucleoside analogues can correctly detect mutations in 97% of the cases.
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