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Tan SY. Issues in medical malpractice XXV. HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 2008; 67:195-197. [PMID: 18686560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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102
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Tan SY, Graham C. Armauer Hansen (1841-1912): discoverer of the cause of leprosy. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:520-521. [PMID: 18695857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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103
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Chew CH, Chua KH, Lian LH, Puah SM, Tan SY. PCR-RFLP genotyping of C1q mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms in Malaysian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Biol 2008; 80:83-93. [PMID: 18505047 DOI: 10.3378/1534-6617(2008)80[83:pgocma]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Five types of known mutations within the C1q gene [located at C1qA-Gln186 (C >T), C1qB-Gly15 (G >A), C1qB-Arg150 (C >T), C1qC-Gly6 (G >A), and C1qC-Arg41 (C >T)] and two SNPs located at C1qA-Gly70 (G/A) and C1qC-Pro14 (T/C) were screened in a multiracial Malaysian population. One hundred thirty patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 130 matched healthy control subjects were genotyped using PCR-RFLP methods. We found no occurrence of the five types of mutations in either the homozygous or heterozygous form among the 260 samples studied. Statistical analysis also revealed that there were no significant associations observed in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies among the patients with SLE and healthy control subjects with both C1qA-Gly70 (G/A) and C1qC-Pro14 (T/C) SNPs. Overall, C1q deficiency was not proven as a primary causative genetic predisposition factor for SLE in the Malaysian population.
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104
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Tan SY. Issues in medical malpractice XXIV. HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 2008; 67:167. [PMID: 18678210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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105
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Tan SY. Issues in medical malpractice XXIII. HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 2008; 67:138-139. [PMID: 18605282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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106
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Tan SY, Sung H. Carlos Juan Finlay (1833-1915): of mosquitoes and yellow fever. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:370-371. [PMID: 18465043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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107
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Tan SY. Issues in medical malpractice XXII. HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 2008; 67:110-111. [PMID: 18524147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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108
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Tan SY, Sung H. Mary Edwards Walker (1832-1919): surgeon, feminist and war heroine. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:186-187. [PMID: 18362997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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109
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Tan SY. Issues in medical malpractice XXI. HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 2008; 67:82-83. [PMID: 18512668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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110
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Tan SY, Rosenthal J, Zhao XQ, Francis RJ, Chatterjee B, Sabol SL, Linask KL, Bracero L, Connelly PS, Daniels MP, Yu Q, Omran H, Leatherbury L, Lo CW. Heterotaxy and complex structural heart defects in a mutant mouse model of primary ciliary dyskinesia. J Clin Invest 2008; 117:3742-52. [PMID: 18037990 DOI: 10.1172/jci33284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder associated with ciliary defects and situs inversus totalis, the complete mirror image reversal of internal organ situs (positioning). A variable incidence of heterotaxy, or irregular organ situs, also has been reported in PCD patients, but it is not known whether this is elicited by the PCD-causing genetic lesion. We studied a mouse model of PCD with a recessive mutation in Dnahc5, a dynein gene commonly mutated in PCD. Analysis of homozygous mutant embryos from 18 litters yielded 25% with normal organ situs, 35% with situs inversus totalis, and 40% with heterotaxy. Embryos with heterotaxy had complex structural heart defects that included discordant atrioventricular and ventricular outflow situs and atrial/pulmonary isomerisms. Variable combinations of a distinct set of cardiovascular anomalies were observed, including superior-inferior ventricles, great artery alignment defects, and interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos continuation. The surprisingly high incidence of heterotaxy led us to evaluate the diagnosis of PCD. PCD was confirmed by EM, which revealed missing outer dynein arms in the respiratory cilia. Ciliary dyskinesia was observed by videomicroscopy. These findings show that Dnahc5 is required for the specification of left-right asymmetry and suggest that the PCD-causing Dnahc5 mutation may also be associated with heterotaxy.
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Tan SY. Issues in medical malpractice XX. HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 2008; 67:52-53. [PMID: 18438092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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112
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Tan SY. Issues in medical malpractice XIX. HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 2008; 67:24-25. [PMID: 18309837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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113
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Puah SM, Lian LH, Chew CH, Chua KH, Tan SY. A study of association of the complement C4 mutations with systemic lupus erythematosus in the Malaysian population. Lupus 2007; 16:750-4. [PMID: 17728371 DOI: 10.1177/0961203307079454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of C4 gene mutations with systemic lupus erythematosus, in 130 Malaysian SLE patients and 130 healthy controls. Generally, various PCR approaches were used to screen the mutations of the C4 genes, which included 2 bp (+TC) insertions at codon 1213 in exon 29, 1 bp deletions (-C) at codon 811 in exon 20, 1 bp (-C), 2 bp (-GT) deletions at codons 522 and 497 in exon 13 and null alleles. No mutations located at exons 13, 20 and 29 of the C4 gene, were detected amongst the patient and control samples in this study. C4A*Q0 was found in two out of the 130 control samples, while C4B*Q0 was present in two out of the 130 SLE patients. Overall, our results do not demonstrate a significant association to these known C4 mutations identified by previous studies, in the Malaysian scenario.
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Tan SY, Zia JK. Andrew Taylor Still (1828-1917): founder of osteopathic medicine. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:975-976. [PMID: 17975684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Tan SY. Issues in medical malpractice XVII. HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 2007; 66:305-306. [PMID: 18065121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Tan SY. Issues in medical malpractice XVI. HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 2007; 66:275-276. [PMID: 18065126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Pepys MB, Tennent GA, Booth DR, Bellotti V, Lovat LB, Tan SY, Persey MR, Hutchinson WL, Booth SE, Madhoo S, Soutar AK, Hawkins PN, Van Zyl-Smit R, Campistol JM, Fraser PE, Radford SE, Robinson CV, Sunde M, Serpell LC, Blake CC. Molecular mechanisms of fibrillogenesis and the protective role of amyloid P component: two possible avenues for therapy. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2007; 199:73-81; discussion 81-9. [PMID: 8915605 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514924.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid deposits regress when the supply of fibril precursor proteins is sufficiently reduced, indicating that amyloid fibrils are degradable in vivo. Serum amyloid P component (SAP), a universal constituent of amyloid deposits, efficiently protects amyloid fibrils from proteolysis in vitro, and may contribute to persistence of amyloid in vivo. Drugs that prevent binding of SAP to amyloid fibrils in vivo should therefore promote regression of amyloid and we are actively seeking such agents. A complementary strategy is identification of critical molecular processes in fibrillogenesis as targets for pharmacological intervention. All amyloidogenic variants of apolipoprotein AI contain an additional positive charge in the N-terminal fibrillogenic region of the protein. This is unlikely to be a coincidence and should be informative about amyloidogenesis by this protein. The two amyloidogenic variants of human lysozyme, caused by the first natural mutations found in its gene, provide a particularly powerful model system because both the crystal structure and folding pathways of wild-type lysozyme are so well characterized. The amyloidogenic variant lysozymes have similar 3D crystal structures to the wild type, but are notably less thermostable. They unfold on heating, lose enzymic activity, and aggregate to form amyloid fibrils in vitro.
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Tan SY. Issues in medical malpractice XV. HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 2007; 66:250. [PMID: 20879471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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119
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Tan SY, Zia JK. Albrecht von Graefe (1828-1870): founder of scientific ophthalmology. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:797-8. [PMID: 17728957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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Tan SY. Issues in medical malpractice XIII. HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 2007; 66:192-3. [PMID: 17879859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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121
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Tan SY, Tasaki A. Joseph Lister (1827-1912): father of antisepsis. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:605-6. [PMID: 17609819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Tan SY. Issues in medical malpractice XII. HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 2007; 66:167. [PMID: 17621866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Tan SY, Shigaki D. Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893): pathologist who shaped modern neurology. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:383-4. [PMID: 17453093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
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Tan SY. Issues in medical malpractice XI. In spotting patients who may be suit-prone, which of the following are true? HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 2007; 66:138-9. [PMID: 17557718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
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Nazratun N, Mahmood AA, Kuppusamy UR, Ahmad TS, Tan SY. Diabetes mellitus exacerbates advanced glycation end product accumulation in the veins of end-stage renal failure patients. Vasc Med 2007; 11:245-50. [PMID: 17390548 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x06072202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The excess accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contributes to the chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and renal failure. Biopsy specimens (n = 184) of arterial (n = 92) and venous (n = 92) tissues were obtained (radial artery and cephalic vein) from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with or without DM and normal healthy subjects (n = 12) requiring surgery (trauma patients). Immunohistochemical assessment of the blood vessels revealed the presence of pentosidine (AGE marker) in both veins and arteries in 72% of the ESRD patients. The percentage of arteries and veins that showed positive pentosidine staining in ESRD patients with type 2 DM alone was 100% and 92% respectively, in the non-diabetic ESRD patients it was < 70% (for arteries and veins), and in the ESRD patients with hypertension as an additional co-morbidity to type 2 DM it was 70% and 82%, respectively. The veins of ESRD patients with DM showed a strong (+++) positive staining and very strong (++++) positive staining was observed in the patients with DM and hypertension. Only mild (+) or moderate (++) pentosidine staining intensity was observed in the arteries of ESRD patients without or with comorbidities, respectively. The accumulation of AGE in the vein rather than the artery may be a better reflection of the extent of complications of ESRD.
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