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Garavello W, Randi G, Bosetti C, Dal Maso L, Negri E, Barzan L, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C. Body size and laryngeal cancer risk. Ann Oncol 2006; 17:1459-63. [PMID: 16873426 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdl166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A few studies have analyzed the role of lifetime anthropometric measures on laryngeal cancer risk. PATIENT AND METHODS This relation was investigated using a multicentre case-control study from Italy, conducted between 1992 and 2000, and including 460 incident, histologically confirmed laryngeal cancer cases, and 1088 controls admitted to the same network of hospitals as cases for acute, non neoplastic condition. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from multiple logistic regression, including terms for major confounding factors, such as physical activity and energy intake. RESULTS An inverse association with laryngeal cancer risk was found for body mass index (BMI) in both sexes (OR for the lowest compared to the highest quintile was 1.47, 95% CI 0.93-2.33 in men and 8.11, 95% CI 1.38-47.66 in women) and for BMI at age 50 years (OR=1.65, 95% CI 0.88-3.11) in men and 7.84, 95% CI 0.69-88.58 in women). An inverse association was also observed with waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) at diagnosis in men only (OR=4.56, 95% CI 2.62-7.95 for the lowest compared to the highest quintile). CONCLUSIONS This study supports the existence of a relation between leanness and laryngeal cancer risk. In particular, men with less abdominal fat (characterized by a lower WHR) had an increased risk of laryngeal cancer.
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Dai M, Bao YP, Li N, Clifford GM, Vaccarella S, Snijders PJF, Huang RD, Sun LX, Meijer CJLM, Qiao YL, Franceschi S. Human papillomavirus infection in Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China: a population-based study. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:96-101. [PMID: 16773069 PMCID: PMC2360486 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence of, and risk factors for, cervical infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) in the rural province of Shanxi, People's Republic of China, which has relatively high cervical cancer mortality rates, we interviewed and obtained cervical cell samples from 662 women aged 15–59 years. A total of 24 different HPV types were identified using a GP5+/6+-based PCR assay able to detect 44 different HPV types. Human papillomavirus prevalence was 14.8% overall and 9.6% among women without cervical abnormalities (14.2 and 8.9%, respectively, age standardised to the world standard population). Multiple-type infections accounted for 30.6% of all infections. By far the most commonly found type was HPV16 (5.7% of all women and 38.8% of HPV-positive women), followed by HPV 58, 52, 33 and 18. Unlike most previous studies published, HPV prevalence was lower among women younger than 35 years (8.7%) than those older than 35 years (17.8%). High-risk HPV types predominated in all age groups. Although low-risk HPV types were rare in young women, they became more common with increasing age. 92.3% of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 were infected with high-risk HPV types, but none with low-risk types only. No significant difference in HPV positivity was observed by educational level, sexual habits, reproductive history or use of contraceptive methods in this rural low-income Chinese population.
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Bravi F, Scotti L, Bosetti C, Talamini R, Negri E, Montella M, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C. Self-reported history of hypercholesterolaemia and gallstones and the risk of prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2006; 17:1014-7. [PMID: 16611646 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdl080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although prostate cancer is one of the most common male cancers, its aetiology-and particularly the role of comorbidity-remains poorly understood. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1991 and 2002, a case-control study on prostate cancer was conducted in Italy. This included 1294 men under the age of 75 years with incident, histologically confirmed prostate cancer, and 1451 controls, admitted to the same hospitals as cases for a wide spectrum of acute, non-neoplastic diseases. The subjects' self-reported history of selected medical conditions was assessed through a structured and satisfactorily reproducible questionnaire. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained after allowance for major potential confounding factors. RESULTS A significant direct relation was observed between hypercholesterolaemia and prostate cancer (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.23-1.85). This association was stronger (OR = 1.80) in older subjects (age > or =65) than in younger ones (OR = 1.32). A non-significant excess risk of prostate cancer was also observed for gallstones (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 0.93-1.70) and the relation was apparently stronger in patients with lower body mass index (OR = 1.59). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a possible relation between hypercholesterolaemia and prostate cancer.
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Polesel J, Talamini R, Montella M, Parpinel M, Dal Maso L, Crispo A, Crovatto M, Spina M, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S. Linoleic acid, vitamin D and other nutrient intakes in the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: an Italian case-control study. Ann Oncol 2006; 17:713-8. [PMID: 16556850 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdl054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary habits have been suggested as a factor related to the increase of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) incidence in western populations, but the role of individual nutrients is still unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Italy, 1999-2002. CASES 190 incident, histologically-confirmed NHL cases aged 18-84 years. CONTROLS 484 subjects admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic diseases unrelated to diet. Dietary habits were assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire; nutrient intakes were computed using the Italian food composition database. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for tertiles of intake of nutrient were computed using the energy-adjusted residual models. RESULTS Inverse association emerged for polyunsaturated fatty acids (OR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9), linoleic acid (OR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9), and vitamin D (OR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9). The protective effect for linoleic acid (OR=0.3; 95% CI: 0.2-0.7) and vitamin D (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.9) was stronger in women; no differences emerged according to age. Linoleic acid was inversely related to follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; the protective effect of vitamin D emerged most clearly for follicular subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D is associated with a reduced risk of NHL.
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Aguilar LV, Lazcano-Ponce E, Vaccarella S, Cruz A, Hernández P, Smith JS, Muñoz N, Kornegay JR, Hernández-Avila M, Franceschi S. Human papillomavirus in men: comparison of different genital sites. Sex Transm Infect 2006; 82:31-3. [PMID: 16461598 PMCID: PMC2563819 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2005.015131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate which anatomical sites need to be sampled to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the lower male genital tract. METHOD In an HPV survey of Mexican soldiers (median age 24 years; range 16-50 years), a cell sample from 2 cm deep into the distal urethra (group 1; n = 168 men), or 0.5 cm deep into the meatus urethralis (group 2; n = 414 men) was collected, along with a sample from the external genitalia. The different samples were tested for 27 HPV types using a polymerase chain reaction based strip assay. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected more frequently in external genitalia samples (46.4%) than in the urethra (20.8%) or meatus samples (12.1%). Lack of samples from the urethra or meatus would have led to 5.1% and 1.5% false HPV negative results, respectively. The most frequently detected high risk HPV types (HPV 59, 52, 51, and 16) were similar in different sites, whereas low risk types were found rarely in urethra samples. CONCLUSIONS The addition of cell samples from the meatus to those from external genitalia contributed negligibly to the evaluation of the prevalence of HPV in men. HPV detection was slightly improved by the addition of urethra samples, but the gain may not justify the discomfort of the procedure in large epidemiological studies.
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Tavani A, Giordano L, Gallus S, Talamini R, Franceschi S, Giacosa A, Montella M, La Vecchia C. Consumption of sweet foods and breast cancer risk in Italy. Ann Oncol 2006; 17:341-5. [PMID: 16249211 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdj051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between the intake of sugar and sweets and the risk of breast cancer has been considered in ecological, prospective and case-control studies, but the results are unclear. We analyzed such a relation in a case-control study conducted between 1991 and 1994 in Italy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cases were 2569 women with histologically confirmed incident breast cancer and controls were 2588 women admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic, non-hormone-related conditions. Information on diet was based on an interviewer-administered questionnaire tested for reproducibility and validity. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed by multiple logistic regression equations. RESULTS Compared with women with the lowest tertile of intake, women in the highest tertile of intake of desserts (including biscuits, brioches, cakes, puffs and ice-cream) and sugars (including sugar, honey, jam, marmalade and chocolate) had multivariate ORs of 1.19 (95% CI 1.02-1.39) and 1.19 (95% CI 1.02-1.38), respectively. The results were similar in strata of age, body mass index, total energy intake and other covariates. CONCLUSIONS We found a direct association between breast cancer risk and consumption of sweet foods with high glycemic index and load, which increase insulin and insulin growth factors.
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Galeone C, Pelucchi C, Levi F, Negri E, Talamini R, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C. Folate intake and squamous-cell carcinoma of the oesophagus in Italian and Swiss men. Ann Oncol 2005; 17:521-5. [PMID: 16344275 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdj107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary folate has been inversely related to the risk of several cancers. However, studies on the role of dietary folate in oesophageal cancer are scanty. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using data from a multicentric case-control study conducted in Italy and Switzerland between 1992 and 1999, we investigated the association between dietary folate intake and oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) among 351 men with incident, histologically confirmed OSCC and 875 hospital controls admitted for acute, non-neoplastic conditions, unrelated to alcohol and smoking consumption. Intake of folate and other nutrients was computed from a validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS The multivariate odds ratios (ORs) of OSCC were 0.68 (95% confidence intervals, CI: 0.46-1.00) for the highest versus the lowest tertile of folate intake, and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72-0.99) for an increment of folate intake equal to a standard deviation (98 microg/day). The inverse relation was somewhat stronger in strata of high methionine, vitamin B6 and alcohol intake, and did not vary substantially according to age and smoking habits. CONCLUSION Dietary folate was inversely related to OSCC risk in this population with high alcohol consumption and infrequent use of supplements and multivitamins.
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Gallus S, Talamini R, Giacosa A, Montella M, Ramazzotti V, Franceschi S, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Does an apple a day keep the oncologist away? Ann Oncol 2005; 16:1841-4. [PMID: 16091428 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdi361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apples have commonly been described as a healthy food. To understand better their role on risk of cancer at several sites, we analyzed data from multicenter case-control studies conducted between 1991 and 2002 in Italy. PATIENTS AND METHODS The studies included 598 patients with incident cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, 304 of the oesophagus, 460 of the larynx, 1953 of the colorectum, 2569 of the breast, 1031 of the ovary and 1294 of the prostate. The comparison group included a total of 6629 patients admitted to the same network of hospitals as cases for acute, non-neoplastic diseases. Multivariate odds ratios (OR) were obtained with allowance for age, sex, study center, education, body mass index, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, total energy intake, vegetable consumption and physical activity. RESULTS Compared with subjects reporting consumption of <1 apple/day, the ORs for > or =1 apple/day were 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-1.00] for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, 0.75 (95% CI 0.54-1.03) for oesophagus, 0.80 (95% CI 0.71-0.90) for colorectum, 0.58 (95% CI 0.44-0.76) for larynx, 0.82 (95% CI 0.73-0.92) for breast, 0.85 (95% CI 0.72-1.00) for ovary and 0.91 (95% CI 0.77-1.07) for prostate. CONCLUSION This investigation found a consistent inverse association between apples and risk of various cancers.
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Clifford GM, Gallus S, Herrero R, Muñoz N, Snijders PJF, Vaccarella S, Anh PTH, Ferreccio C, Hieu NT, Matos E, Molano M, Rajkumar R, Ronco G, de Sanjosé S, Shin HR, Sukvirach S, Thomas JO, Tunsakul S, Meijer CJLM, Franceschi S. Worldwide distribution of human papillomavirus types in cytologically normal women in the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV prevalence surveys: a pooled analysis. LANCET (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2005. [PMID: 16168781 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) varies greatly across populations, as might the distribution of HPV types. We aimed to compare HPV-type distribution in representative samples of women from different world regions. METHODS Women were randomly selected from the general population of 13 areas from 11 countries (Nigeria, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Korea, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, the Netherlands, Italy, and Spain). A standardised protocol was used for cervical specimen collection. All HPV testing was by GP5+/6+ PCR-based EIA. The proportion of HPV-positive women infected with different HPV types was compared by study area and between pooled regions with age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% floating CIs. FINDINGS 15 613 women aged 15-74 years without cytological abnormalities were included in a pooled analysis. Age-standardised HPV prevalence varied nearly 20 times between populations, from 1.4% (95% CI 0.5-2.2) in Spain to 25.6% (22.4-28.8) in Nigeria. Although both overall HPV prevalence and HPV16 prevalence were highest in sub-Saharan Africa, HPV-positive women in Europe were significantly more likely to be infected with HPV16 than were those in sub-Saharan Africa (OR 2.64, p=0.0002), and were significantly less likely to be infected with high-risk HPV types other than HPV16 (OR 0.57, p=0.004) and/or low-risk HPV types (OR 0.44. p=0.0002). Women from South America had HPV-type distribution in between those from sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. Heterogeneity between areas of Asia was significant. INTERPRETATION Heterogeneity in HPV type distribution among women from different populations should be taken into account when developing screening tests for the virus and predicting the effect of vaccines on the incidence of infection.
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Zucchetto A, Tavani A, Dal Maso L, Gallus S, Negri E, Talamini R, Franceschi S, Montella M, La Vecchia C. History of weight and obesity through life and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 29:798-803. [PMID: 15917855 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relation of anthropometric measures, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) risk was investigated. DESIGN Hospital-based case-control study. SUBJECTS Cases were 1369 men with histologically confirmed BPH, and controls were 1451 men below 75 y, admitted to hospital for acute non-neoplastic diseases. MEASUREMENTS Using a structured questionnaire, trained interviewers collected information on self-reported height and weight, and measured waist and hip circumference of patients. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS Compared to the corresponding lowest quartile, the OR for the highest one were 0.76 (95% CI 0.59-0.98) for body weight, 0.71 (95% CI 0.54-0.94) for waist-to-hip ratio and 0.87 (95% CI 0.70-1.09) for body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)). Compared to a lowest lifelong BMI <20.7 kg/m(2), the OR was 1.56 (95% CI 1.25-1.95) for a lowest lifelong BMI > or =23.7 kg/m(2). The OR was 0.74 (95% CI 0.60-0.93) for a lifelong increase of BMI > or =6.1 kg/m(2), compared to <1.6 kg/m(2). No association emerged for history of diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSIONS Overweight was modestly, inversely related to BPH. The hypothesis of reduced testosterone levels in obese individuals may explain the different BPH risk and need to be tested.
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Clifford GM, Gallus S, Herrero R, Muñoz N, Snijders PJF, Vaccarella S, Anh PTH, Ferreccio C, Hieu NT, Matos E, Molano M, Rajkumar R, Ronco G, de Sanjosé S, Shin HR, Sukvirach S, Thomas JO, Tunsakul S, Meijer CJLM, Franceschi S. Worldwide distribution of human papillomavirus types in cytologically normal women in the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV prevalence surveys: a pooled analysis. Lancet 2005; 366:991-8. [PMID: 16168781 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 685] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) varies greatly across populations, as might the distribution of HPV types. We aimed to compare HPV-type distribution in representative samples of women from different world regions. METHODS Women were randomly selected from the general population of 13 areas from 11 countries (Nigeria, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Korea, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, the Netherlands, Italy, and Spain). A standardised protocol was used for cervical specimen collection. All HPV testing was by GP5+/6+ PCR-based EIA. The proportion of HPV-positive women infected with different HPV types was compared by study area and between pooled regions with age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% floating CIs. FINDINGS 15 613 women aged 15-74 years without cytological abnormalities were included in a pooled analysis. Age-standardised HPV prevalence varied nearly 20 times between populations, from 1.4% (95% CI 0.5-2.2) in Spain to 25.6% (22.4-28.8) in Nigeria. Although both overall HPV prevalence and HPV16 prevalence were highest in sub-Saharan Africa, HPV-positive women in Europe were significantly more likely to be infected with HPV16 than were those in sub-Saharan Africa (OR 2.64, p=0.0002), and were significantly less likely to be infected with high-risk HPV types other than HPV16 (OR 0.57, p=0.004) and/or low-risk HPV types (OR 0.44. p=0.0002). Women from South America had HPV-type distribution in between those from sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. Heterogeneity between areas of Asia was significant. INTERPRETATION Heterogeneity in HPV type distribution among women from different populations should be taken into account when developing screening tests for the virus and predicting the effect of vaccines on the incidence of infection.
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Randi G, Altieri A, Gallus S, Franceschi S, Negri E, Talamini R, La Vecchia C. History of cirrhosis and risk of digestive tract neoplasms. Ann Oncol 2005; 16:1551-5. [PMID: 15919684 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdi266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cirrhosis is strongly related to liver cancer. Data on the possible association between cirrhosis and risk at other cancer sites are scanty. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analysed data from a network of case-control studies conducted in Italy between 1983 and 1997, including patients with cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx (520), oesophagus (405), stomach (731), colon (943), rectum (613), liver (425), gallbladder (63) and pancreas (395). The controls were 4297 patients admitted to hospitals for acute non-neoplastic conditions. RESULTS After strict allowance for alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking and history of hepatitis, the multivariate odds ratios for a history of cirrhosis were 4.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-9.8] for neoplasms of the oral cavity and pharynx, 2.6 (95% CI 1.2-5.7) for the oesophagus, 1.0 (95% CI 0.4-2.5) for the stomach, 1.0 (95% CI 0.4-2.4) for the colon, 1.7 (95% CI 0.7-4.1) for the rectum, 20.5 (95% CI 12.3-34.2) for the liver, 2.1 (95% CI 0.3-16.8) for the gallbladder and 0.9 (95% CI 0.3-3.0) for the pancreas. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms and further quantifies the increased risk of liver cancer in cirrhotic patients and is compatible with an increased risk of oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal cancers.
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Galeone C, Pelucchi C, Talamini R, Levi F, Bosetti C, Negri E, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C. Role of fried foods and oral/pharyngeal and oesophageal cancers. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:2065-9. [PMID: 15856044 PMCID: PMC2361789 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of fried foods on oral-pharyngeal and oesophageal cancers, using data from two case–control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland between 1992 and 1999, one with a total of 749 (634 men) cases of oral/pharyngeal cancer and 1772 (1252 men) controls, the other with 395 (351 men) cases of oesophageal cancer and 1066 (875 men) controls. Controls were admitted for acute, non-neoplastic conditions, unrelated to alcohol and smoking consumption. After allowance for sex, age, centre, education, body mass index, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and nonalcohol energy intake, the multivariate odds ratios (ORs) for an increment of one portion per week of total fried foods were 1.11 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–1.17) for oral-pharyngeal and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.08–1.26) for oesophageal cancer. The ORs were consistent across strata of gender (OR in men only were 1.10 and 1.16, respectively), age, alcohol, tobacco consumption and body mass index.
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Harris RB, Tommasino M, Nielson CM, Hakim IA, Franceschi S, Giuliano AR. 084: Human Papillomavirus and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study. Am J Epidemiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/161.supplement_1.s21c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Serraino D, Piselli P, Angeletti C, Minetti E, Pozzetto A, Civati G, Bellelli S, Farchi F, Citterio F, Rezza G, Franceschi S, Busnach G. Risk of Kaposi's sarcoma and of other cancers in Italian renal transplant patients. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:572-5. [PMID: 15668710 PMCID: PMC2362080 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A follow-up study of 1844 renal transplant patients in Italy showed a 113-fold increased risk for Kaposi's sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma risk was higher in persons born in southern than in northern Italy. Significant increases were also observed for cancers of the lip, liver, kidney and for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Franceschi S, Rajkumar R, Snijders PJF, Arslan A, Mahé C, Plummer M, Sankaranarayanan R, Cherian J, Meijer CJLM, Weiderpass E. Papillomavirus infection in rural women in southern India. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:601-6. [PMID: 15668709 PMCID: PMC2362069 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence of, and the risk factors for, cervical infection with 44 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in a rural area in the Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India, we interviewed and obtained cervical cell samples from 1891 married women aged 16-59 years. HPV prevalence was 16.9% overall and 14.0% among women without cervical abnormalities, or 17.7 and 15.2%, respectively, age-standardised to the world standard population. In all, 21.9% of infections involved more than one HPV type. High-risk HPV types predominated, particularly HPV 16 (22.5% of women infected), followed by HPV 56, HPV 31, HPV 33 and HPV 18. Unlike most populations studied in developed countries, HPV prevalence was constant across the age groups. HPV positivity was inversely associated with education level (odds ratio (OR) among women with high school vs no education=0.6) and positively associated with widowhood and divorce (OR=1.7), nulligravidity (OR=2.3), and condom use (OR=2.6). It is unclear how much low clearance of, or frequent reinfection with HPV accounted for the study prevalence of infection in different age groups.
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Tavani A, Gallus S, Bertuzzi M, Dal Maso L, Zucchetto A, Negri E, Franceschi S, Ramazzotti V, Montella M, La Vecchia C. Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Prostate Cancer in Italy. Eur Urol 2005; 47:313-7; discussion 317. [PMID: 15716192 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2004.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2004] [Accepted: 10/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the relation between diabetes and the risk of prostate cancer, as epidemiological results are controversial. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2002. Cases were 1294 men, aged <75 years, with incident histologically confirmed prostate cancer, and controls were 1451 men, aged <75 years, admitted to hospital for acute non-neoplastic diseases. Odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS No material association between diabetes and prostate cancer was observed, with a multivariate OR of 1.02 (95%CI 0.75-1.40). Prostate cancer was not related to time since diagnosis of diabetes (OR 0.82 and 0.97 for <5 and >/=15 years since diagnosis respectively). The OR were respectively 1.63 (95%CI 0.70-3.81) and 0.96 (95%CI 0.68-1.34) in men diagnosed with diabetes at age <45 or >/=45 years. The risk estimates were similar across strata of age at interview, body mass index and, among cases, of Gleason score. CONCLUSIONS This study shows no material association between diabetes and prostate cancer risk.
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Dal Maso L, Polesel J, Ascoli V, Zambon P, Budroni M, Ferretti S, Tumino R, Tagliabue G, Patriarca S, Federico M, Vercelli M, Giacomin A, Vicario G, Bellù F, Falcini F, Crocetti E, De Lisi V, Vitarelli S, Piffer S, Stracci F, Serraino D, Rezza G, Franceschi S. Classic Kaposi's sarcoma in Italy, 1985-1998. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:188-93. [PMID: 15570306 PMCID: PMC2361748 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Revised: 10/15/2004] [Accepted: 10/20/2004] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate incidence rates (IRs) of classic Kaposi's sarcoma (CKS) in Italy after the spread of AIDS, we distinguished CKS from AIDS-related KS (AKS) using an 'ad hoc' record linkage procedure between 15 Cancer Registries (CRs) (21% of the Italian population) and the national AIDS Registry. Between 1985 and 1998, 874 cases of CKS and 634 cases of AKS were diagnosed in the study areas. CKS accounted for 16 and 27% of KS cases below 55 years of age in men and women, respectively, but for 91 and 100% of those above age 55. The IRs for CKS were 1.0/ in men and 0.4/100,000 in women, but they varied between 0.3 in Umbria and 4.7 in Sassari in men, and between 0.1 in Parma and 1.7 in Sassari in women. IRs of CKS in both genders were stable between 1985-1987 and 1993-1998. In Northern and Central CRs the IR (adjusted for age and gender) for CKS was 0.5 in individuals born in the same area, but 1.6 in individuals born in Southern Italy or in the Islands (rate ratio = 3.2) suggesting that KS-associated herpesvirus, the cause of KS, is acquired early in life.
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Bidoli E, Talamini R, Bosetti C, Negri E, Maruzzi D, Montella M, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C. Macronutrients, fatty acids, cholesterol and prostate cancer risk. Ann Oncol 2005; 16:152-7. [PMID: 15598953 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdi010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of selected macronutrients, fatty acids and cholesterol in the etiology of prostate cancer was analyzed using data from a case-control study carried out in five Italian areas between 1991 and 2002. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cases were 1294 men with incident, histologically confirmed prostate cancer, and admitted to the major teaching and general hospitals of study areas. Controls were 1451 men admitted for acute, non-neoplastic conditions to the same hospital network. Information on dietary habits was elicited using a validated food frequency questionnaire including 78 food groups and recipes. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for increasing levels of nutrient intake. RESULTS A direct association with prostate cancer was found for starch intake (OR = 1.4 in the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8), whereas an inverse association emerged for polyunsaturated fatty acids (OR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6-1.0). Among polyunsaturated fatty acids, linolenic acid (OR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6-0.9) and linoleic acid (OR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6-1.0) were inversely related to prostate cancer. When the six major macronutrients were included in the same model, the adverse effect of high intake of starch and monounsaturated fatty acids was statistically significant together with the protective effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Results were consistent in separate strata of age, body mass index and family history of prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Starch and monounsaturated fatty acids were directly associated with prostate cancer risk and polyunsaturated fatty acids were inversely associated.
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121
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Boyle P, Mezzetti M, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S, Decarli A, Robertson C. Contribution of three components to individual cancer risk predicting breast cancer risk in Italy. Eur J Cancer Prev 2004; 13:183-91. [PMID: 15167217 DOI: 10.1097/01.cej.0000130014.83901.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We used data from a multicentre case-control study conducted in Italy between 1991 and 1994 on over 2500 cases of breast cancer and a comparable number of controls, and estimates of breast cancer incidence in Italy to compute individual breast cancer risk for Italian women. The estimated probabilities between age 50 and 80 ranged from approximately 5% (for a woman with no family history and low modifiable risk profile) to about 30% (for a woman with young family history and high modifiable risk) on the basis of various women's baseline characteristics. Expected numbers of breast cancer cases using the present model were compared with those based on the USA Gail model, and with the observed ones in the comparison group of the Italian Tamoxifen Trial. These show a closer agreement between the observed and the expected total numbers of breast cancers than the USA Gail model. Thus, the Gail model can be improved for use in other populations by using estimates of incidence and risk which are more appropriate to the target population.
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Altieri A, Gallus S, Franceschi S, Fernandez E, Talamini R, La Vecchia C. Hormone replacement therapy and risk of lymphomas and myelomas. Eur J Cancer Prev 2004; 13:349-51. [PMID: 15554564 DOI: 10.1097/01.cej.0000136573.16740.9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The relation between post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and lymphoid neoplasms was analysed using data from a case-control study conducted in northern Italy between 1983 and 1992. Cases included 26 incident, histologically confirmed, post-menopausal female patients of Hodgkin's Disease (HD), 145 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and 65 multiple myelomas (MM), between 45 and 79 years of age. The control group comprised 361 women (age range 45-79 years) admitted to the same network of hospitals for acute, non-neoplastic conditions. The multivariate odds ratio (OR) for ever HRT users was 0.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-2.8] for HD, 0.7 (95% CI 0.3-1.4) for NHL, and 0.2 (95% CI 0.1-1.0) for MM. No clear pattern of association was found for duration or recently of use. Despite the relatively small number of cases, due to the rarity of the disease, and the low frequency of HRT use in this population, these findings provide additional information for any global risk-benefit assessment of HRT use.
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Altieri A, Pelucchi C, Talamini R, Bosetti C, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C. Cholecystectomy and the risk of colorectal cancer in Italy. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:1753-5. [PMID: 15208618 PMCID: PMC2409744 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In two case-control studies from Italy covering 3533 cases of colorectal cancer and 7062 hospital controls, the odds ratios were 1.04 after cholecystectomy for colorectal, 1.08 for colon and 1.03 for rectal cancers. The results did not differ significantly by gender, colon subsite or time since diagnosis.
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124
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Dal Maso L, Zucchetto A, La Vecchia C, Montella M, Conti E, Canzonieri V, Talamini R, Tavani A, Negri E, Garbeglio A, Franceschi S. Prostate cancer and body size at different ages: an Italian multicentre case-control study. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:2176-80. [PMID: 15150581 PMCID: PMC2409495 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of anthropometric measures at diagnosis and at different ages on prostate cancer risk using an Italian multicentre case–control study conducted between 1991 and 2002 of 1294 histologically confirmed cases and 1451 controls admitted to the same network of hospitals for acute non-neoplastic conditions. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, lean body mass 1 year before diagnosis/interview were not significantly associated with risk. However, a positive association with high BMI at age 30 years was found (odds ratio=1.2 for BMI⩾24.7 vs <22.7) and: for less differentiated prostate cancer, with BMI 1 year before diagnosis/interview. This study supports possible relationships between high body mass in young adulthood, and a tendency to high weight throughout adult life, and the risk of prostate cancer.
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Ateenyi-Agaba C, Weiderpass E, Smet A, Dong W, Dai M, Kahwa B, Wabinga H, Katongole-Mbidde E, Franceschi S, Tommasino M. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis human papillomavirus types and carcinoma of the conjunctiva: a pilot study. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:1777-9. [PMID: 15150602 PMCID: PMC2409740 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 21 squamous-cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva (SCC) and 22 control subjects had conjunctival samples tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) types using PCR-based assays. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis HPV types were found in 86% of SCC cases and 36% of control subjects (Odds ratio=12.0), suggesting a role of HPVs in the aetiology of SCC.
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