Potential of a novel polysaccharide preparation (GLPP) from Anhui-grown Ganoderma lucidum in tumor treatment and immunostimulation

Growing evidence indicates the potential of developing novel polysaccharide-based adjuvant for tumor therapy from edible mushrooms, including Ganoderma lucidum. In the present study, a novel polysaccharide preparation (GLPP) was isolated from the fruiting body of G. lucidum grown in Anhui, China, and characterized for its physicochemical properties. GLPP had an average molecular weight of 6600 and a specific optical rotation of +25.6 degrees , contained 10.6% protein, and had a molar ratio of 0.9:15:1 for mannose, glucose, and galactose, respectively. GLPP was also investigated and compared with PSP (polysaccharopeptide preparation), a commercial antitumor and immunostimulating agent, for its antitumor and immunostimulation capacity, and potential in reducing the toxic effects induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy) treatment and Cobalt-60 ((60)Co) radiation in mice. GLPP at levels of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight (BW)/d significantly inhibited the growth of inoculated S(180), Heps, and EAC tumor cells in mice. GLPP at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW/d showed stronger growth inhibition against all 3 tested tumor cells than PSP at 1 g/kg BW/d. GLPP also dose-dependently increased phagocytic index, phagocytic coefficient, and 50% hemolysin value in the EAC tumor-bearing mice, indicating its potential immunostimulating property. In addition, GLPP at 300 mg/kg BW/d was comparable to PSP at 1000 mg/kg BW/d in preventing the decrease of thymus index, spleen index, white blood cells, and bone marrow karyote numbers induced by Cy treatment and (60)Co radiation. These data demonstrated the potential utilization of GLPP as an adjuvant to conventional treatments of cancers and its use for cancer prevention.

Estrogen Deficiency Induces Bone Loss in Mice Lacking ITAM Adapter Proteins, DAP12 and FcRg (89.31)

DAP12 and or FcRγ ITAM signals are required during normal osteoclast (OC) development in vivo and in vitro. To determine whether ITAM deficient mice are resistant to bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency, we performed ovariectomy (OVX) or SHAM surgery on 10–12 week female DAP12−/−, FcRγ−/−, DAP12−/−FcRγ−/− and control C57BL/6 (B6) mice. MicroCT of the distal femur showed statistically significant losses of trabecular bone in DAP12−/−FcRγ−/−, DAP12−/−, FcRγ−/− and B6 OVX groups compared to SHAM groups, BV/TV dropping from 56% to 35% (p<0.01), 21% to 12% (p<0.01), 12% to 7% (p<0.01), and 6% to 3% (p<0.05) respectively. Bone turnover measured by serum osteocalcin and urinary DPD increased at 4 weeks post-OVX in all four strains. In vitro OC bone resorption assays revealed a 2.7 or 3.6 fold increase in OC resorption from B6 and FcRγ−/− OVX mice that were not seen in DAP12−/− and DAP12−/−FcRγ−/− OVX OC. FSH, reported to stimulate postmenopausal osteoporosis, combined with RANKL could not rescue the in vitro OC defect in DAP12−/− and DAP12−/−FcRγ−/− cultures. TGB-β followed by TNF-α stimulation induced OC differentiation in B6 cells in vitro without RANKL; however, DAP12−/− and DAP12−/−FcRγ−/− OC cultures were not rescued. We conclude that OC differentiation during estrogen deficiency induced osteoporosis bypasses the requirement of ITAM signaling and the unidentified novel effect is microenvironment dependent.

Rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, prevented cancellous and cortical bone loss by inhibiting endosteal bone resorption and maintaining the elevated periosteal bone formation in adult ovariectomized rats

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a continually produced nucleotide inactivated by hydrolysis to 5'AMP via phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. Rolipram is a selective PDE4 inhibitor reported to have anti-inflammatory effects and used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The current study was designed to determine whether Rolipram could prevent and restore bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Six-month-old Sprague Dawley rats underwent either sham-operated or bilateral ovariectomy, and were left untreated for 60 days to develop osteopenia. Then they were treated with vehicle, 6 mg/kg PGE(2), 3 microg/kg Alendronate or 0.1-1.0 mg/kg Rolipram for 60 days. At sacrifice, the right tibiae were processed for quantitative bone histomorphometric measurements. The right femurs were measured by dual energy A-ray absorptiometry and the 5th lumbar vertebrae were subjected to micro-computed tomography to access bone mass and architecture changes. Our results indicated that OVX induced negative bone balance in all five bone sites we tested, with bone resorption exceeding bone formation. Rolipram at 0.1-0.6 mg/kg dose levels prevented while at 1 mg/kg restored ovariectomy-induced cancellous and cortical bone loss in the tibia, femur and lumbar vertebra. Dynamic bone histomorphometry suggested that these beneficial effects were achieved by partially maintaining the elevated bone formation at the trabecular bone surface and increasing bone formation at the periosteal bone surface of the cortex. Furthermore, it reduced bone turnover at the trabecular and the endocortical bone surfaces. The prevention of further bone loss effects were comparable to those of an anti-resorption agent (Alendronate) but were not as great as those of an anabolic agent (PGE(2)). In addition, Rolipram treatment increased body and muscle weights compared to the vehicle-treated OVX rats. In conclusion, our study in an osteopenic rat model suggested that a selective PDE4 inhibitor may be used for the treatment of established osteoporosis.

Long latency of evoked quantal transmitter release from somata of locus coeruleus neurons in rat pontine slices

The locus coeruleus (LC) harbors a compact group of noradrenergic cell bodies projecting to virtually all parts of the central nervous system. By using combined measurements of amperometry and patch-clamp, quantal vesicle release of noradrenaline (NA) was detected as amperometric spikes, after depolarization of the LC neurons. After a pulse depolarization, the average latency of amperometric spikes was 1,870 ms, whereas the latency of glutamate-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents was 1.6 ms. A substantial fraction of the depolarization-induced amperometric spikes originated from the somata. In contrast to glutamate-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents, NA secretion was strongly modulated by the action potential frequency (0.5-50 Hz). Somatodendritic NA release from LC upon enhanced cell activity produced autoinhibition of firing and of NA release. We conclude that, in contrast to classic synaptic transmission, quantal NA release from LC somata is characterized by a number of distinct properties, including long latency and high sensitivity to action potential frequency.

Dynamics of recurrent viral infection

In chronic viral infection, low levels of viral replication and infectious particle production are maintained over long periods, punctuated by brief bursts of high viral production and release. We apply well-established principles of modelling virus dynamics to the study of chronic viral infection, demonstrating that a model which incorporates the distinct contributions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and antibodies exhibits long periods of quiescence followed by brief bursts of viral production. This suggests that for recurrent viral infections, no special mechanism or exogenous trigger is necessary to provoke an episode of reactivation; rather, the system may naturally cycle through recurrent episodes at intervals which can be many years long. We also find that exogenous factors which cause small fluctuations in the natural course of the infection can trigger a recurrent episode. Our model predicts that longer periods between recurrences are associated with more severe viral episodes. Four factors move the system towards less frequent, more severe episodes: decreased viral infectivity, decreased CTL efficacy, decreased memory T cell response and increased antibody efficacy.

Electrical breakdown in helium cells at low temperature

Electrical breakdown of partially filled helium cells below 0.5 K is shown to be the result of Penning ionization of metastable triplet helium excimers bound to the surface of the liquid.

Simvastatin did not prevent nor restore ovariectomy-induced bone loss in adult rats

Current published results on whether statins have beneficial effects on bone metabolism have been conflicting so far. In order to further investigate if statins were promising candidates for the treatment for osteoporosis, we conducted a study in which rats were ovariectomized (OVX) at 6 months of age, allowed to lose bone for 60 days and followed by oral administration of simvastatin at the dose levels of 0.3-10 mg/kg/d for 60 days. PGE2 (6 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. Study endpoints included bone histomorphometry on the proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM) and the tibial diaphysis (TX), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on the right femur and micro computed tomography (ICT) on the 5th lumbar vertebra (LV). After 120 days of OVX, cancellous bone lost by 80% in the PTM and 18% in the LV accompanied by increased bone formation and resorption. Simvastatin at all dose levels did not affect bone volume, bone formation rate and bone erosion surface when compared to 120 day ovariectomized animals at all bone sites studied. By contrast, PGE2 restored cancellous and cortical bone area to sham control levels. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that unlike PGE2, oral administration of simvastatin did not have effects on cancellous or cortical bone formation and resorption; and consequently was not able to prevent further bone loss or restore bone mass in the osteopenic, OVX rats.

Selective inhibition of ADAM metalloproteases blocks HER-2 extracellular domain (ECD) cleavage and potentiates the anti-tumor effects of trastuzumab

13021

Background: HER-2, a member of ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, is an important regulator of cell proliferation and survival, and is a clinically validated target of therapeutic intervention in HER-2 positive metastatic breast cancer patients. In HER-2 overexpressing cells, the extracellular domain (ECD) is frequently cleaved, rendering the remaining transmembrane portion of HER-2 (p95) constitutively active. The presence of both serum ECD and cellular p95 protein have been linked to poor clinical outcome as well as reduced effectiveness of some therapeutic treatments, suggesting that signaling via p95 is clinically relevant and may represent an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Methods: Through medicinal chemistry efforts, we have identified a series of potent, selective small molecule inhibitors of ADAM metalloproteases, exemplified here by INCB7839. These compounds were tested both in vitro and in vivo for inhibition of HER-2 ECD cleavage and anti-tumor activity in the HER-2 overexpressing BT-474 cell line. Inhibition of circulating HER-2 ECD levels was monitored in a phase I multiple dose escalation study in healthy volunteers. Results: We demonstrate that these inhibitors effectively blocked HER-2 cleavage in HER-2 overexpressing human breast cancer cell lines. When used in combination, INCB7839 dramatically enhanced the antiproliferative activity of suboptimal doses of the anti-HER-2 antibody, trastuzumab, in HER-2 overexpressing/shedding breast cancer cell lines, accompanied by reduced ERK and AKT phosphorylation. Consistent with these in vitro data, INCB7839 reduced serum ECD levels in tumor-bearing mice and enhanced the antitumor effect of trastuzumab in a xenograft tumor model derived from the HER-2 overexpressing BT-474 breast cancer cell line. In a phase I clinical trial, INCB7839 demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in the circulating levels of HER-2 ECD present in healthy volunteers. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggest that blocking HER-2 cleavage with selective ADAM inhibitors, especially in combination with anti-HER-2 antibody therapy, may represent a novel approach for treating HER-2 overexpressing breast cancer patients.

[Table: see text]

Measurement of bottom-quark hadron masses in exclusive J/psi decays with the CDF detector

We measure the masses of b hadrons in exclusively reconstructed final states containing a J/psi --> mu-mu+ decay using 220 pb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II experiment. We find: m(B+) = 5279.10 +/- 0.41(stat.) +/- 0.36(sys.) MeV/c2, m(B0) = 5279.63 +/- 0.53(stat.) +/- 0.33(sys.) MeV/c2, m(B(s)0) = 5366.01 +/- 0.73(stat.) +/- 0.33(sys.) MeV/c2, m(lambda(b)0) = 5619.7 +/- 1.2(stat.) +/- 1.2(sys.) MeV/c2. m(B+) - m(B0) = -0.53 +/- 0.67(stat.) +/- 0.14(sys.) MeV/c2, m(B(s)0) - m(B0) = 86.38 +/- 0.90(stat.) +/- 0.06(sys.) MeV/c2, m(lambda(b)0) - m(B0) = 339.2 +/- 1.4(stat.) +/- 0.1(sys.) MeV/c2. The measurements of the B(s)0, lambda(b)0 mass, m(B(s)0) - m(B0) and m(lambda(b)0) - m(B0) mass difference are of better precision than the current world averages.

Search for new physics using high-mass tau pairs from 1.96 TeV pp collisions

We present the results of a search for anomalous resonant production of tau lepton pairs with large invariant mass, the first such search using the CDF II Detector in Run II of the Tevatron pp collider. Such anomalous production could arise from various new physics processes. In a data sample corresponding to 195 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity we predict 2.8+/-0.5 events from standard model background processes and observe 4. We use this result to set limits on the production of heavy scalar and vector particles decaying to tau lepton pairs.

Measurement of B(t --> Wb)/B(t--> Wq) at the collider detector at fermilab

We present a measurement of the ratio of top-quark branching fractions R = B(t --> Wb)/B(t --> Wq), where q can be a b, s, or a d quark, using lepton-plus-jets and dilepton data sets with an integrated luminosity of approximately 162 pb(-1) collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab during Run II of the Tevatron. The measurement is derived from the relative numbers of tt events with different multiplicity of identified secondary vertices. We set a lower limit of R > 0.61 at 95% confidence level.

Search for long-lived doubly charged Higgs bosons in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV

We present a search for long-lived doubly charged Higgs bosons (H(+/- +/-)), with signatures of high ionization energy loss and muonlike penetration. We use 292 pb(-1) of data collected in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Observing no evidence of long-lived doubly charged particle production, we exclude H(+/- +/-)(L) and H(+/- +/-)(R) bosons with masses below 133 GeV/c(2) and 109 GeV/c(2), respectively. In the degenerate case we exclude H(+/- +/-) mass below 146 GeV/c(2). All limits are quoted at the 95% confidence level.

An estimation/correction algorithm for detecting bone edges in CT images

The normal direction of the bone contour in computed tomography (CT) images provides important anatomical information and can guide segmentation algorithms. Since various bones in CT images have different sizes, and the intensity values of bone pixels are generally nonuniform and noisy, estimation of the normal direction using a single scale is not reliable. We propose a multiscale approach to estimate the normal direction of bone edges. The reliability of the estimation is calculated from the estimated results and, after re-scaling, the reliability is used to further correct the normal direction. The optimal scale at each point is obtained while estimating the normal direction; this scale is then used in a simple edge detector. Our experimental results have shown that use of this estimated/corrected normal direction improves the segmentation quality by decreasing the number of unexpected edges and discontinuities (gaps) of real contours. The corrected normal direction could also be used in postprocessing to delete false edges. Our segmentation algorithm is automatic, and its performance is evaluated on CT images of the human pelvis, leg, and wrist.

Search for Higgs bosons decaying into bb and produced in association with a vector boson in pp collisions at square root of s = 1.8 TeV

We present a new search for H0V production, where H0 is a scalar Higgs boson decaying into bb with branching ratio beta, and V is a Z0 boson decaying into e+e-, mu+mu-, or nunu. This search is then combined with previous searches for H0V where V is a W+/- boson or a hadronically decaying Z0. The data sample consists of 106 +/- 4 pb(-1) of pp collisions at square root of s = 1.8 TeV accumulated by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Observing no evidence of a signal, we set 95% Bayesian credibility level upper limits on sigma(pp --> H0V) x beta. For H0 masses of 90, 110, and 130 GeV/c2, the limits are 7.8, 7.2, and 6.6 pb, respectively.

Evidence for B0 s-->phiphi decay and measurements of branching ratio and A(CP) for B+ -->phiK+

We present the first evidence of charmless decays of the B(0)(s) meson, the decay B(0)(s)--> phiphi, and a measurement of the branching ratio BR(B(0)(s)--> phiphi) using 180 pb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. In addition, the BR and direct CP asymmetry for the B+-->phiK+ decay are measured. We obtain BR(B(0)(s)--> phiphi)=[14(+6)(-5)(stat)+/-6(syst)] x 10(-6), BR(B+-->phiK+)=[7.6+/-1.3(stat)+/-0.6(syst)] x 10(-6), and A(CP)(B+-->phiK+)= -0.07+/-0.17(stat)+0.03 / -0.02(syst). Both decays are governed in the standard model by second order (penguin) b-->s(-)ss amplitudes.

Search for anomalous kinematics in tt dilepton events at CDF II

We report on a search for anomalous kinematics of tt dilepton events in pp collisions at square root of s=1.96 TeV using 193 pb(-1) of data collected with the CDF II detector. We developed a new a priori technique designed to isolate the subset in a data sample revealing the largest deviation from standard model (SM) expectations and to quantify the significance of this departure. In the four-variable space considered, no particular subset shows a significant discrepancy, and we find that the probability of obtaining a data sample less consistent with the SM than what is observed is 1.0%-4.5%.

Measurement of the cross section for prompt diphoton production in pp collisions at square root of s=1.96 TeV

We report a measurement of the rate of prompt diphoton production in pp collisions at square root of s=1.96 TeV using a data sample of 207 pb(-1) collected with the upgraded Collider Detector at Fermilab. The background from nonprompt sources is determined using a statistical method based on differences in the electromagnetic showers. The cross section is measured as a function of the diphoton mass, the transverse momentum of the diphoton system, and the azimuthal angle between the two photons and is found to be consistent with perturbative QCD predictions.

Measurement of the W(+)W(-) production cross section in pp collisions at square root[s]=1.96 TeV using dilepton events

We present a measurement of the W(+)W(-) production cross section using 184 pb(-1) of p(p) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Using the dilepton decay channel W(+)W(-)-->l(+)nul(-), where the charged leptons can be either electrons or muons, we find 17 candidate events compared to an expected background of 5.0(+2.2)(-0.8) events. The resulting W(+)W(-) production cross-section measurement of sigma(pp-->W(+)W(-))=14.6(+5.8)(-5.1)(stat)(+1.8)(-3.0)(syst) +/- 0.9(lum) pb agrees well with the standard model expectation.

Attention to the hiding iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women after universal salt iodization: A multi-community study in China

BACKGROUND

Monitoring of iodine nutrition depends chiefly on the urinary iodine concentration in representative samples from the population. International groups have recommended school-age children as a convenient group for surveys, because of their accessibility and young age, but the relevance of this group to others, especially pregnant women, is not well established.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose was to compare different approaches to assessing iodine nutrition within communities, especially for pregnant and lactating women.

DESIGN

In an urban and a rural site from each of the 11 Chinese provinces, covering a wide geographic and socioeconomic range, we measured the iodine content of household salt and drinking water, the thyroid volume in school children, and the urinary iodine concentration in five population subsets; in some sites we also assessed iodine in breast milk and thyroid size in adult women.

RESULTS

The median urinary iodine concentrations for pregnant and lactating women were well below those of the schoolchildren from the same community in most study sites, the difference between medians, at overall level, being about 50 microg/l for the pregnant and 40 microg/l for the lactating, respectively. When ranked by median urinary iodine concentrations at overall level, the order of the groups was: all infants, schoolchildren, women of childbearing age, lactating women and pregnant women in both urban and rural sites. This relative distribution was constant among the study sites. From it, we derived a relationship to predict the median values for other groups, based on the data of schoolchildren. The median iodine content of salt was 30.9 ppm in urban sites and 31.3 ppm in rural sites, respectively, close to the nationally mandated 35 mg/kg. Water had low iodine content (3.7 microg/l) in both urban and rural sites except in a rural site from Tianjin. Ultrasonography showed that 6.5% of 1329 children in urban sites and 5.3% of 1431 children in rural sites had thyroid enlargement. Breast milk had a median iodine content of 135.9 microg/l in the urban and 157.5 microg/l in the rural. The goiter prevalence by palpation was low (2.0%) among all women examined (3367), but higher in pregnant women (2.7%) than in lactating women or other adult women.

CONCLUSIONS

An effective iodized salt program has brought iodine sufficiency to most of China, but pregnant women in some areas may still risk deficiency and need further supplements. We suggest other countries and international agencies pay more attention to pregnancy, where iodine deficiency has its worst consequences.

Measurement of charged-particle multiplicities in gluon and quark jets in pp collisions at square root of s = 1.8 TeV

We report the first largely model independent measurement of charged particle multiplicities in quark and gluon jets, Nq and Ng, produced at the Fermilab Tevatron in pp collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 1.8 TeV and recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The measurements are made for jets with average energies of 41 and 53 GeV by counting charged particle tracks in cones with opening angles of theta(c) = 0.28, 0.36, and 0.47 rad around the jet axis. The corresponding jet hardness Q = Ejet theta c varies in the range from 12 to 25 GeV. At Q = 19.2 GeV, the ratio of multiplicities r = Ng/Nq is found to be 1.64+/-0.17, where statistical and systematic uncertainties are added in quadrature. The results are in agreement with resummed perturbative QCD calculations.

Measurement of partial widths and search for direct CP violation in D0 meson decays to K-K+ and pi-pi+

We present a measurement of relative partial widths and decay rate CP asymmetries in K-K+ and pi(-)pi(+) decays of D0 mesons produced in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV. We use a sample of 2x10(5) D(*+)-->D0pi(+) (and charge conjugate) decays with the D0 decaying to K-pi(+), K-K+, and pi(-)pi(+), corresponding to 123 pb(-1) of data collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab II experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. No significant direct CP violation is observed. We measure Gamma(D0-->K-K+)/Gamma(D0-->K-pi(+))=0.0992+/-0.0011+/-0.0012, Gamma(D0-->pi(-)pi(+))/Gamma(D0-->K-pi(+))=0.035 94+/-0.000 54+/-0.000 40, A(CP)(K-K+)=(2.0+/-1.2+/-0.6)%, and A(CP)(pi(-)pi(+))=(1.0+/-1.3+/-0.6)%, where, in all cases, the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.

Measurement of the lifetime difference between Bs mass eigenstates

We present measurements of the lifetimes and polarization amplitudes for B(0)(s)-->J/psiphi and B(0)(d)-->J/psiK(*0) decays. Lifetimes of the heavy and light mass eigenstates in the B(0)(s) system are separately measured for the first time by determining the relative contributions of amplitudes with definite CP as a function of the decay time. Using 203+/-15 B(0)(s) decays we obtain tau(L) = (1.05(+0.16)(-0.13) +/- 0.02) ps and tau(H) = (2.07(+0.58)(-0.46) +/- 0.03) ps. Expressed in terms of the difference DeltaGamma(s) and average Gamma(s), of the decay rates of the two eigenstates, the results are DeltaGamma(s)/Gamma(s) = (65(+25)(-33) +/- 1)% and DeltaGamma(s) = (0.47(+0.19)(-0.24) +/- 0.01) ps(-1).

Search for excited and exotic electrons in the egamma decay channel in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV

We present a search for excited and exotic electrons (e(*)) decaying to an electron and a photon, both with high transverse momentum. We use 202 pb(-1) of data collected in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV with the Collider Detector at Fermilab II detector. No signal above standard model expectation is seen for associated ee(*) production. We discuss the e(*) sensitivity in the parameter space of the excited electron mass M(e(*)) and the compositeness energy scale Lambda. In the contact interaction model, we exclude 132 GeV/c(2)<M(e(*))<879 GeV/c(2) for Lambda = M(e(*)) at 95% confidence level (C.L.). In the gauge-mediated model, we exclude 126 GeV/c(2) < M(e(*)) < 430 GeV/c(2) at 95% C.L. for the phenomenological coupling f/Lambda approximately 10(-2) GeV-1.

First measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections from run II of the fermilab tevatron collider

We report the first measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections times leptonic branching ratios for pp collisions at square root[s]=1.96 TeV, based on their decays to electrons and muons. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 72 pb(-1) recorded with the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. We test e-mu universality in W decays, and we measure the ratio of leptonic W and Z rates from which the leptonic branching fraction B(W-->lnu) can be extracted as well as an indirect value for the total width of the W and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element, |V(cs)|.

Measurement of Wgamma and Zgamma production in pp collisions at square root s=1.96 TeV

The standard model predictions for Wgamma and Zgamma production are tested using an integrated luminosity of 200 pb(-1) of pp collision data collected at the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The cross sections are measured by selecting leptonic decays of the W and Z bosons, and photons with transverse energy ET>7 GeV that are well separated from leptons. The production cross sections and kinematic distributions for the Wgamma and Zgamma data are compared to SM predictions.

Association of higher levels of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and N-telopeptide crosslinks with the development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis in elderly women

OBJECTIVE

To examine the association of baseline concentrations of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and serum N-telopeptide crosslinks (NTX) with the development and progression of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) in elderly women.

METHODS

Pelvic radiographs were obtained a mean of 8.3 years apart from white women > or =65 years of age enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Random sampling from a cohort of 5,928 subjects was performed, with subjects ( approximately 200 per group) assigned to nested case-control studies, one focusing on RHOA incidence and the other on RHOA progression. Baseline serum levels of COMP and NTX were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in duplicate. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), indicating the likelihood of baseline serum COMP and NTX levels to be predictive of the development or progression of RHOA, were calculated using logistic regression analysis, with adjustment for potential covariates.

RESULTS

At baseline, incident cases of RHOA were associated with higher serum levels of COMP and NTX (P < 0.05 for each) compared with the no RHOA control group. Higher baseline serum COMP and NTX levels were associated with an increased risk of incident RHOA compared with the no RHOA group, with an adjusted OR of 1.31 per SD increase in COMP (95% CI 1.02-1.68) and adjusted OR of 1.38 per SD increase in NTX (95% CI 1.07-1.79). In this community-based cohort, progression of RHOA was modest. However, there was a trend toward increased risk of RHOA progression with higher baseline COMP and NTX levels.

CONCLUSION

These data suggest that serum levels of COMP and NTX are modest risk markers for the development of RHOA in a community-based cohort of elderly white women.

Concentration and detection of SARS coronavirus in sewage from Xiao Tang Shan Hospital and the 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army

A worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) had been reported. Over 8439 SARS cases and 812 SARS-related deaths were reported to the World Health Organization from 32 countries around the world up to 5 July 2003. The mechanism of transmission of SARS-CoV has been limited only to close contacts with patients. Attention was focused on possible transmission by the sewage system because laboratory studies showed that patients excreted coronavirus RNA in their stools in Amoy Gardens in Hong Kong. To explore whether the stool of SARS patients or the sewage containing the stool of patients would transmit SARS-CoV or not, we used a style of electropositive filter media particle to concentrate the SARS-CoV from the sewage of two hospitals receiving SARS patients in Beijing, as well as cell culture, semi-nested RT-PCR and sequencing of genes to detect and identify the viruses from sewage. There was no live SARS-CoV detected in the sewage in these assays. The nucleic acid of SARS-CoV was found in the sewage before disinfection from both hospitals by PCR. After disinfection, SARS-CoV RNA could be detected from some samples from the 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, but not from Xiao Tang Shan Hospital after disinfection. In this study, we found that the virus can survive for 14 days in sewage at 4 degrees C, 2 days at 20 degrees C, and its RNA can be detected for 8 days though the virus had been inactivated. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the RNA of SARS-CoV could be detected from the concentrates of sewage of both hospitals receiving SARS patients before disinfection and occasionally after disinfection though there was no live SARS-CoV; thus much attention should be paid to the treatment of stools of patients and the sewage of hospitals receiving SARS patients.

Coalescence of viscous liquid drops

We report on studies of the early stage of coalescence of two liquid drops. The drops were high viscosity silicon oil immersed in a water-alcohol mixture of the same density in order to eliminate the effects of gravity. The viscosity was sufficiently large that measurements could be made under the conditions of Stokes flow. Measurements were made of the radius of the neck between the drops as a function of the time from the onset of coalescence, and the results compared with theoretical predictions.

Magnetic levitation-based Martian and Lunar gravity simulator

Missions to Mars will subject living specimens to a range of low gravity environments. Deleterious biological effects of prolonged exposure to Martian gravity (0.38 g), Lunar gravity (0.17 g), and microgravity are expected, but the mechanisms involved and potential for remedies are unknown. We are proposing the development of a facility that provides a simulated Martian and Lunar gravity environment for experiments on biological systems in a well controlled laboratory setting. The magnetic adjustable gravity simulator will employ intense, inhomogeneous magnetic fields to exert magnetic body forces on a specimen that oppose the body force of gravity. By adjusting the magnetic field, it is possible to continuously adjust the total body force acting on a specimen. The simulator system considered consists of a superconducting solenoid with a room temperature bore sufficiently large to accommodate small whole organisms, cell cultures, and gravity sensitive bio-molecular solutions. It will have good optical access so that the organisms can be viewed in situ. This facility will be valuable for experimental observations and public demonstrations of systems in simulated reduced gravity.

Search for doubly charged Higgs bosons decaying to dileptons in pp collisions at square root of s=1.96 TeV

We present the results of a search for doubly charged Higgs bosons (H+/-+/-) decaying to dileptons (ll(')) using approximately 240 pb(-1) of pp collision data collected by the CDF II experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. In our search region, given by same-sign ll(') mass m(ll('))>80 GeV/c(2) (100 GeV/c(2) for ee channel), we observe no evidence for H+/-+/- production. We set limits on sigma(pp -->H++H---->l(+)l('+)l(-)l('-)) as a function of the mass of the H+/-+/- and the chirality of its couplings. Assuming exclusive same-sign dilepton decays, we derive lower mass limits on H(+/-+/-)(L) of 133, 136, and 115 GeV/c(2) in the ee, mumu, and emu channels, respectively, and a lower mass limit of 113 GeV/c(2) on H(+/-+/-)(R) in the mumu channel, all at the 95% confidence level.

Measurement of the tt production cross section in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV using dilepton events

We report a measurement of the tt production cross section using dilepton events with jets and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. Using a 197+/-12 pb(-1) data sample recorded by the upgraded Collider Detector at Fermilab, we use two complementary techniques to select candidate events. We compare the number of observed events and selected kinematical distributions with the predictions of the standard model and find good agreement. The combined result of the two techniques yields a tt production cross section of 7.0(+2.4)(-2.1)(stat)+1.6-1.1(syst)+/-0.4(lum) pb.

Inclusive double-pomeron exchange at the fermilab tevatron p p collider

We report results from a study of events with a double-Pomeron exchange topology produced in p p collisions at sqrt[s]=1800 GeV. The events are characterized by a leading antiproton and a large rapidity gap on the outgoing proton side. We find that the differential production cross section agrees in shape with predictions based on Regge theory and factorization, and that the ratio of double-Pomeron exchange to single diffractive production rates is relatively unsuppressed as compared to the O(10) suppression factor previously measured in single diffractive production.

Observation of the narrow state X(3872)-->J/psipi+pi- in pp collisions at sqaure root of s=1.96 TeV

We report the observation of a narrow state decaying into J/psipi+pi- and produced in 220 pb(-1) of p p-bar collisions at =1.96 Tesqaure root of sV in the CDF II experiment. We observe 730+/-90 decays. The mass is measured to be 3871.3+/-0.7(stat)+/-0.4(syst) MeV/c2, with an observed width consistent with the detector resolution. This is in agreement with the recent observation by the Belle Collaboration of the X(3872) meson.

Inclusive search for anomalous production of high-pT like-sign lepton pairs in pp collisions at square root s = 1.8 TeV

We report on a search for anomalous production of events with at least two charged, isolated, like-sign leptons, each with pT > 11 GeV/c using a 107 pb(-1) sample of 1.8 TeV pp collisions collected by the CDF detector. We define a signal region containing low background from standard model processes. To avoid bias, we fix the final cuts before examining the event yield in the signal region using control regions to test the Monte Carlo predictions. We observe no events in the signal region, consistent with an expectation of 0.63(+0.84)(-0.07) events. We present 95% confidence level limits on new physics processes in both a signature-based context as well as within a representative minimal supergravity (tanbeta = 3) model.

Search for B0s-->micro+micro- and B0d-->micro+micro- decays in pp collisions at square root s = 1.96 TeV

We report on a search for B(0)(s)-->micro(+)micro(-) and B(0)(d)-->micro(+)micro(-) decays in pp collisions at square root of s=1.96 TeV using 171 pb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The decay rates of these rare processes are sensitive to contributions from physics beyond the standard model. One event survives all our selection requirements, consistent with the background expectation. We derive branching ratio limits of B(B(0)(s)-->micro(+)micro(-))<5.8x10(-7) and B(B(0)(d)-->micro(+)micro(-))<1.5x10(-7) at 90% confidence level.

Search for Kaluza-Klein graviton emission in pp collisions at square root[s] = 1.8 TeV using the missing energy signature

We report on a search for direct Kaluza-Klein graviton production in a data sample of 84 pb(-1) of ppmacr; collisions at sqrt[s]=1.8 TeV, recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We investigate the final state of large missing transverse energy and one or two high energy jets. We compare the data with the predictions from a (3+1+n)-dimensional Kaluza-Klein scenario in which gravity becomes strong at the TeV scale. At 95% confidence level (C.L.) for n=2, 4, and 6 we exclude an effective Planck scale below 1.0, 0.77, and 0.71 TeV, respectively.

Search for pair production of scalar top quarks in R-parity violating decay modes in pp collisions at square root of s=1.8 TeV

We present the results of a search for pair production of scalar top quarks (t(1)) in an R-parity violating supersymmetry scenario in 106 pb(-1) of pp collisions at square root of s=1.8 TeV collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. In this mode each t(1) decays into a tau lepton and a b quark. We search for events with two tau's, one decaying leptonically (e or mu) and one decaying hadronically, and two jets. No candidate events pass our final selection criteria. We set a 95% confidence level lower limit on the t(1) mass at 122 GeV/c(2) for Br(t(1)-->tau b)=1.

Measurement of prompt charm meson production cross sections in pp collisions at square root s = 1.96 TeV

We report on measurements of differential cross sections dsigma/dp(T) for prompt charm meson production in ppmacr; collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV using 5.8+/-0.3 pb(-1) of data from the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The data are collected with a new trigger that is sensitive to the long lifetime of hadrons containing heavy flavor. The charm meson cross sections are measured in the central rapidity region |y|</=1 in four fully reconstructed decay modes: D0-->K-pi(+), D(*+)-->D0pi(+), D+-->K-pi(+)pi(+), D(+)(s)-->phipi(+), and their charge conjugates. The measured cross sections are compared to theoretical calculations.

Search for lepton flavor violating decays of a heavy neutral particle in p(-)p collisions at sqrt[s]=1.8 TeV

We report on a search for a high mass, narrow width particle that decays directly to emu, etau, or microtau. We use approximately 110 pb(-1) of data collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab from 1992 to 1995. No evidence of lepton flavor violating decays is found. Limits are set on the production and decay of sneutrinos with R-parity violating interactions.

Central pseudorapidity gaps in events with a leading antiproton at the fermilab tevatron pp collider

We report a measurement of the fraction of events with a large pseudorapidity gap deltaeta within the pseudorapidity region available to the proton dissociation products X in p+p-->p+X. For a final state p of fractional momentum loss xi(p) and 4-momentum transfer squared t(p) within 0.06<xi(p)<0.09 and |t(p)|<1.0 [0.2] GeV2 at sqrt[s]=1800 [630] GeV, the fraction of events with deltaeta>3 is found to be 0.246+/-0.001 (stat)+/-0.042 (syst) [0.184+/-0.001 (stat)+/-0.043 (syst)]. Our results are compared with gap fractions measured in minimum bias pp collisions and with theoretical expectations.

Search for the supersymmetric partner of the top quark in dilepton events from pp collisions at square root of s=1.8 TeV

We have searched for pair production of the supersymmetric partner of the top quark (stop) in 107 pb(-1) of pp collisions at square root of s=1.8 TeV collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). Each stop is assumed to decay into a lepton, bottom quark, and supersymmetric neutrino. Such a scenario would give rise to events with two leptons, two hadronic jets, and a substantial imbalance of transverse energy. No evidence of such a stop signal has been found. We exclude stop masses in the region (80</=m(t)</=135 GeV/c(2)) in the mass plane of stop versus sneutrino.

Search for associated production of Upsilon and vector boson in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=1.8 TeV

We present a search for associated production of the Upsilon(1S) and a vector boson in 83 pb(-1) of ppmacr; collisions at sqrt[s]=1.8 TeV collected by the CDF experiment in 1994-1995. We find no evidence of the searched signal in the data, and set upper limits to the production cross sections.