Abstract P2-06-01: Molecular characterization of human malignant phyllodes tumors reveals potential targeted approaches

Malignant phyllodes tumor (MPT) which belong to the fibroepithelial neoplasm spectrum is a rare type of breast malignancy, and currently there is no effective targeted approach available for MPT. In this study, we tried to identify key genomic alterations and biologic pathways in MPT by whole exome and RNA sequencing of nine MPT tissues. Whole exome sequencing revealed somatic alterations in EGFR, MED12, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, PTEN, and TP53. Transcriptome sequencing showed dysregulation of ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt signaling in MPTs when compared to normal breast or invasive breast cancer tissues. Based on the transcriptome profiles, the MPTs were classified into two subtypes; fibrous subtype with upregulation of stromal genes such as collagens and epithelial subtype with upregulation of E-cadherin and Claudins. The molecular classification of fibrous and epithelial subtypes was validated in 28 paraffin-embedded MPT tissues. The fibrous subtype showed higher mitotic index and increased risk for recurrence when compared to the epithelial subtype. We established a patient-derived xenograft model from one fibrous subtype MPT which harbored somatic mutation in PIK3R1 and PDGFRB. In that model, targeted treatment against PIK3CA/mTOR and PDGFR pathways effectively suppressed the tumor growth in vivo. Our data provide insights on the biologic understanding of MPT and suggest a clinically relevant molecular classification. Furthermore, we show that developing effective targeted approaches in MPT can be possible with genomic profiles and patient-derived xenograft models. The clinical efficacy of targeting PDGFR and PIK3CA/mTOR pathways in MPT should be tested in future clinical trials.

Citation Format: Moon H-G, Yun J, Hong BS, Lee E, Lee H-B, Han W, Kim J-I, Noh D-Y, Heo W, Hur S, Kang W, Lee C. Molecular characterization of human malignant phyllodes tumors reveals potential targeted approaches [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-06-01.

Abstract P3-01-14: Nomogram predicting axillary lymph node metastases to skip intraoperative analysis of sentinel lymph nodes

Background: According to the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 trial, complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) did not affect survival of patients with clinical T1-T2 invasive breast cancer and one to two sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) metastases treated with lumpectomy, adjuvant systemic therapy, and radiation therapy. A significant proportion of breast cancer patients may not require ALND, in whom intraoperative analysis of SLNs can be omitted reducing operation time and cost. The aim of this study was to develop a nomogram predicting three or more axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) metastases based on preoperative imaging and clinicopathological factors.

Methods: The training set consisted of 1030 patients with clinical T1-T2 invasive breast cancer and clinically negative ALN who received surgery at Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) between January 2010 and December 2013. Preoperative imaging techniques including ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and clinicopathological features associated with three or more ALN metastases were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. A nomogram predicting three or more ALNs was developed with statistically significant factors. The validation set consisted of 781 independent patients who received surgery at SNUH between January 2014 and December 2015.

Results: Of the 1030 patients, 89 (8.6%) had three or more ALN metastases. Multivariate analysis showed that three or more ALN metastases was independently associated with tumor size (cm) by US (p<0.001), suspicious ALNs findings in US (p<0.001), chest CT (p<0.001), and PET/CT (≥ 1.4 SUV, p<0.001). Established nomogram evaluating the probability of three or more ALNs metastases includes the above four associated factors. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the nomogram were 0.866 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.826-0.905) for the training set and 0.867 (95% CI: 0.801-0.932) for the validation set. With cutoff point of 142, false negative ratio is 3.6%, and 8.6% of patients were candidates for intraoperative SLN analysis.

Conclusion: Patients with a strong possibility of three or more ALNs metastases can be identified using preoperative imaging methods including US, CT, and PET. The nomogram measuring this prospect may be valuable in skipping intraoperative analysis of SLNs with advantage of reduced operation time and cost.

Citation Format: Park JH, Ju YW, Kim KE, Rhu J, Kim Y, Lee E, Lee H-B, Moon H-G, Noh D-Y, Han W. Nomogram predicting axillary lymph node metastases to skip intraoperative analysis of sentinel lymph nodes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-14.

Abstract P4-12-11: Cost effectiveness of oncotype Dx for early stage breast cancer under National health insurance

Background : Oncotype Dx is being used increasingly for risk stratification to identify for patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), node negative early-stage breast cancer who are most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In Korea, all citizens are covered by national health insurance (NHI), besides patients just pay 5% of hospital bill, if who diagnosed with cancer. NHI can help solve the financial burden for cancer patients.

So the acquisition costs of the Oncotype DX test are sometimes a barrier to its widespread use. This study was conducted for existing cost-effectiveness analyses of Oncotype DX in Korea.

Methods : We analyzed the hospital expenses of patients who diagnosis with LN-negative ER-positive early-stage breast cancer from October 2010 to October 2016 in Seoul National University Hospital. All patients are possible candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy. Among them 273 patients were tested Oncotype Dx. A cost-utility analysis (CUA) was performed.

We analyzed the hospital expenses of chemotherapy by regimens who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy patients, and costs of accompanying adverse event. Each costs of therapy were derived from the hospital administration and expressed by USD. (KRW convert into USD) We also analyzed every patient charges and real expense.

Result :

Of 273 patients, 39(14.3%) were underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. The patients proportion by regimens are FAC(56.4%), AC(10.3%), AC followed by weekly paclitaxel (5.1%), TC(10.3%), AC followed by docetaxel (5.1%), TC and CMF etc. Each patient's hospital expense are roughly 3,000 USD (2,200 – 4,000 USD), it including all costs of laboratory test, computer tomography, chest x-ray, chemoagents and other medications. Of these costs, patients should pay only 5% so it could be around 150 USD (110-200USD).

Disccusion ;

The economic benefits of Oncotype DX are modelled by an overall reduction in chemotherapy usage, thus avoiding associated costs and disutility, and an increase in chemotherapy usage in the high RS group, reducing the risk of recurrence and improving health outcomes. Several studies shows Oncotype DX has been proposed to better estimate baseline risk and response to chemotherapy, to appropriately target chemotherapy to higher risk patients. In the costeffectiveness model, decision making with Oncotype DX in addition to standard decision-making tools is compared with standard decision making without Oncotype DX. From this study, most patient (234 of 273, 85.7%) who are possible candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy avoiding the treatment. A number of studies have looked at the impact of Oncotype DX on clinical decision making. But under the special environment of Korea that most costs who diagnosed with cancer covered by National Insurance health, it relatively expensive than other conturies. So it deserve much consideration that necessity of further studies and reaserches to develop new tools that could be more reasonable in cost in Korea.

Citation Format: Kim Y, Han W. Cost effectiveness of oncotype Dx for early stage breast cancer under National health insurance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-12-11.

Unmanipulated haploidentical transplantation conditioning with busulfan, cyclophosphamide and anti-thymoglobulin for adult severe aplastic anaemia

We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate outcomes of haploidentical transplantation in adult severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) patients. Fifty-one adults received haploidentical transplantation between May 2011 and December 2016. Patients were administered busulfan (Bu), cyclophosphamide (Cy) and anti-thymoglobulin (ATG) as conditioning regimens, followed by bone marrow and peripheral blood transplantation. The patients' median age was 25 years. Forty-nine patients survived for more than 28 days and all achieved donor myeloid engraftment. The median time for myeloid engraftment and platelet recovery was 13 days (range, 10-21) and 17.5 (range, 7-101) days. The cumulative incidence (CI) of grade II-IV and III-IV acute GvHD) was 20.00±0.33% and 6.00±0.12%, respectively. The incidence of chronic GvHD was 14.00±0.36% and 25.90±0.71%, and that of moderate-severe chronic GvHD was 2.51±0.06% and 6.92±0.25% at 1 and 3 years, respectively. The 3-year estimated overall survival and failure-free survival were both 83.5±5.4% with a median follow-up of 21.1 months. Multivariate analysis showed hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index (HCT-CI) score of ⩾3 was significantly associated with worse outcome. Haploidentical transplantation conditioning including Bu/Cy/ATG was a safe and effective strategy for adult SAA patients, and HCT-CI might be an outcome predictor in these patients.

The impact of human leukocyte antigen mismatching on graft survival and mortality in adult renal transplantation: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) was important biological barrier to a successful transplantation. Quantitative evaluations of the effect of HLA mismatching on heart, liver, umbilical cord blood, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, have previously been reported. In new era of immunosuppression, the reported magnitude effect of HLA mismatching on survival outcomes of kidney transplantation was controversial. In addition, the current kidney allocation guideline recommendations in different countries were inconsistent in term of HLA mismatching. We undertake this study to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the magnitude effect of HLA mismatching in adult kidney transplantation, with a particular focus on graft survival and mortality.

METHODS

The present systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was conducted following the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology protocol (MOOSE-P) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis protocol (PRISMA-P). PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library Database will be searched without language restriction. Studies fulfill the following criteria will be eligible: included study cohorts comprising adult recipients; reported the association between HLA mismatching (per mismatches or HLA-A, -B, -DR mismatches) and posttransplant survival outcomes; provided effect estimates of hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs). The incidence of measured outcomes was defined according to the European Renal Best Practice Transplantation Guidelines and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Guidelines.

RESULTS

This study will quantitatively assess the association of HLA per mismatches, DR-antigen mismatches, A-antigen mismatches, and B-antigen mismatches with survival outcomes of overall graft failure, death-censored graft failure, all-cause mortality, and mortality with a functioning graft.

CONCLUSION

This study will determine the issues on what extent HLA compatibility influenced recipient and graft survival and which HLA antigen plays a more important role in kidney transplantation.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION

PROSPERO CRD42017071894.

Associations between MRI-detected early osteophytes and knee structure in older adults: a population-based cohort study

OBJECTIVES

To describe prevalence of osteophytes (OPs) detected only by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but not by standard X-ray in older adults and to evaluate longitudinal associations with knee structural changes.

METHODS

837 participants were randomly selected from the local community and had MRI scans to assess knee OPs and other structures. OPs detected only by MRI but not by standard X-ray were defined as MRI-detected early OPs (MRI-OPs for short). OPs detected by both MRI and X-ray were defined as established-OPs.

RESULTS

The prevalence of MRI-OPs was 50% while the prevalence of established-OPs was 10% and no-OPs was 40% at total tibiofemoral (TF) compartment at baseline. Compared with no-OPs, participants with MRI-OPs had greater risks of increased cartilage defects in all TF compartments (RR 1.37, 95%CI 1.07-1.74) and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) only in medial TF compartment (RR 1.49, 95%CI 1.06-2.11), after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, cartilage defects, BMLs and/or joint space narrowing; participants with established-OPs had greater cartilage volume loss at total (β -2.02, 95%CI -3.86, -0.17) and lateral tibial sites (β -5.63, 95%CI -9.93, -1.32), greater risks of increased cartilage defects in total (RR 1.66, 95%CI 1.15-2.40) and medial TF compartments (RR 1.49, 95%CI 1.20-1.69) and BMLs in all TF compartments (RR 1.88, 95%CI 1.22-2.89), after adjustment for covariates.

CONCLUSION

MRI-OPs were associated with changes in knee structures, and the associations were similar but not as prominent as those for established-OPs. These suggest MRI-OPs may have a role to play in knee early-stage osteoarthritic progression.

[Relationship between screening and colorectal cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis]

Objective: To explore a relationship between screening and incidence for colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Medline, Scopus, BIOSIS Previews, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies, which included any randomized controlled trial (RCT) about CRC screening with a report on using endoscopy in screening arms and a usual care in control arms. Results: Nine qualified trials, four one-time and five two-or-more-time screening programs, were included in this review with 997 131 persons randomized and a median follow-up of 10-28 years. In an intention-to-screen analysis, screening was associated with a reduced incidence of advanced CRCs by 10%-60%. Compared with control groups, incidence of CRC firstly increased and then decreased following a screening procedure. Five RCT with six screening arms reported incidences at different follow-up time points, and the incidence ratios at the last time of follow-up were 0.96 (95%CI: 0.86-1.06), 0.80 (95%CI: 0.70-0.92), 1.02 (95%CI: 0.91-1.14), 0.80 (95%CI: 0.70-0.90), 0.83 (95%CI: 0.73-0.94) and 0.94 (95%CI: 0.85-1.05) at the 9.0th, 10.9th, 13.0th, 18.0th, 18.0th, and 19.5th year after baseline, respectively. Compared with population-based screening, people in the hospital/clinic-based screenings had more benefits from CRC incidence reduction, particularly for those with high endoscopy rates, more lesions detected and resected by screening. Conclusions: This study indicates that screening is likely associated with reduction of CRC incidence after 10 years since baseline screening, and this reduction seems to be highly affected by CRC risk of population screened, screening procedure program, and compliance to screening program including accepting endoscopy.

[Clinical value of PCR for viral detection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]

Objective: To analyze the clinical value of real-time PCR for virus detection in the diagnosis and treatment of patients after allo-HSCT who had no infection evidence of pneumonia using routine pathogen detection panel. Methods: The clinical data of 71 episodes with acute lung injury from May 2015 to March 2017 after allo-HSCT in hematology department of Peking University People's Hospital (PKUPH) were retrospectively analyzed. PCR for virus detection and other routine pathogen detection tests were performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. Results: Among 71 episodes with acute lung injury, a total of 15 patients were diagnosed as lower respiratory tract disease merely associated with virus (detection rate of 21.13%) , 19 episodes were absent of lower respiratory tract infection. The median time from allo-HSCT to the occurrence of lung injury were 176 (49-1 376) d and 196 (57-457) d respectively (z=-0.191, P=0.864) . There were no statistical differences for baseline characteristics and clinical features between two groups. The 100-day attributable mortalities were 13.3% (2/15) and 26.3% (5/19) (χ(2)=0.864, P=0.426) . Patients with low-dose steroids treatment had favorable outcome than those with high-dose steroids treatment (the dose of methylprednisolone ≥250 mg/d as standard) [4.2% (1/24) vs 60.0% (6/10) ]. In patients with detectable virus in BALF, 2 patients died with early high-dose steroids treatment, while 11 patients survived with no steroids treatment or late application. Conclusions: Virus infection should be considered in post-HSCT pneumonia patient with negative result using routine pathogen detection panel. Expanding virus detection panel by PCR in BALF could increase diagnostic precision and might be instructive to treatment.

[Analysis of risk factors related to the prognosis in patients with late-onset severe pneumonia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]

Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors of late-onset severe pneumonia (LOSP) in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods: From January 2009 to December 2015, 68 patients with LOSP after allo-HSCT at Peking University Institute of Hematology were enrolled. In this retrospective study, univariate and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic factors for LOSP after allo-HSCT. Results: The median time from allo-HSCT to the development of LOSP was 213 (90-2 330) days. The overall survival rate was 42.6% (29/68). The median survival time from LOSP to death was 21 days. Early mortality was defined as death within 21 days after LOSP, as late death more than or equal to 21 days. The median oxygenation index was 199.15 (92.21-290.48) mmHg. LOSPs in thirty-two patients (36.8%) were caused by virus, bacteria, fungi or mixed pathogens. The median C-reactive protein (CRP) was 75.65 (0.94-451.00) mg/L. The median procalcitonin (PCT) was 0.66 (0.00-249.00) μg/L. The higher PCT value indicated an early higher mortality rate by the ROC curve (PCT: cut-off ≥0.94 μg/L). Furthermore, multivariate analysis suggested that PCT more than or equal to 0.94 μg/L was a risk factor for early death of LOSP (OR=5.77, 95%CI 1.66-20.11, P=0.006). LOSP occurred later or equal to 213 days after allo-HSCT was also a risk factor of early death in LOSP (OR=4.74, 95%CI 1.33-16.89, P=0.017). No previous history of chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) (OR=4.50, 95%CI 1.58-12.83, P=0.005) and LOSP later or equal to 213 days (OR=4.40, 95%CI 1.61-11.99, P=0.004) were the risk factors of late death in LOSP. Conclusions: PCT more than or equal to 0.94 μg/L and LOSP later or equal to 213 days are the risk factors of early death in LOSP. No previous chronic GVHD and LOSP later or equal to 213 days are the risk factors of late death in LOSP.

Associations between proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) types and knee osteoarthritic changes in older adults

PURPOSE

To describe the cross-sectional associations between proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) type configurations and knee joint structural abnormalities in older adults.

METHODS

A total of 967 community-based participants were studied. T1-weighted fat-suppressed magnetic resonance image (MRI) with spoiled gradient recalled echo sequence was utilized to assess the PTFJ type configurations. Knee cartilage volume, cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions and osteophytes were measured. Linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between PTFJ type configurations and knee joint cartilage volume as well as knee structural abnormalities, respectively, after adjustment for potential confounders.

RESULTS

Seven PTFJ types including plane (49.4%), trochoid (31.9%), double trochoid (4.3%), saddle (5.4%), condylar (5.3%), trochlear (3.5%) and ball & socket (0.2%) were observed. Plane type was used as the comparator. In multivariable analyses, irregular joint types (comprising the five uncommon joint types) were associated negatively with cartilage volume, and positively with knee cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions and osteophytes in the lateral (but not medial) compartments. In contrast, trochoid type was only associated with reduced femoral cartilage volume, but not with knee cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions and osteophytes.

CONCLUSIONS

Irregular PTFJ joint shapes are associated with osteoarthritic changes in the lateral, but not medial, tibiofemoral compartment in older adults. The causal relationship needs to be examined in future longitudinal studies.

[Comparison of clinical features of hemorrhagic cystitis after haploidentical and matched sibling donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]

Objective: To compare incidence and clinical features of hemorrhage cystitis (HC) after haploidentical donor (HID) allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and matched sibling donor (MSD) HSCT. Methods: Medical records of 609 (including 406 HID-HSCT and 203 MSD-HSCT cases) hematologic malignancies patients treated with HSCT undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen from January 2011 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: HC occurred 183 in HID and 17 ones in MSD respectively. The cumulative incidence of HC in HID group was higher than in MSD group[ (45.6±2.5) % vs (8.5±2.0) %, χ(2)=77.331, P<0.001], and the cumulative incidence of severe HC (grade 3-4) in HID cases was also higher than in MSD ones[ (11.2±1.9) % vs (2.1±1.1) %, χ(2)=12.883, P<0.001]. All HCs were occurred within 180 days in both groups. The median time to onset in two groups were 27 days after HSCT (range 0-177 days) and 29 days after HSCT (range 6-72 days) respectively (P=0.766) . The median duration of HC in two groups were 21 days (range 3-157 days) and 13 days (range 5-67 days) , respectively (P=0.182) . The total efficiency of treatment in two groups were 69.9% and 70.6% respectively (χ(2)=0.003, P=1.000) . Conclusion: The cumulative incidences of HC and severe HC were higher in HID cases than in MSD ones. The median time to onset and median duration of HC and therapeutic outcome between HID and MSD were comparable.

[Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation associated thrombotic microangiopathy: 16 cases report and literature review]

目的

分析异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）相关血栓性微血管病（TA-TMA）患者临床特征、疗效及转归。

方法

回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年6月于苏州大学附属第一医院接受allo-HSCT后发生TA-TMA的16例患者临床资料。

结果

纳入研究的852例allo-HSCT患者，16例（1.9%）发生TA-TMA，中位随访时间14个月，1年累计发生率为（2.3±0.6）%。16例患者中，男7例，女9例，中位年龄41(12~54）岁，中位发病时间为移植后72(21~525) d, PLT中位数为20(11~36）×10⁹/L，HGB中位数为74(56~99）g/L，LDH中位水平为762(309~1 049) U/L，外周血破碎红细胞比例中位数为3%（2%~13%），所有患者ADAMTS13活性均>60%。10例出现精神症状，7例肌酐水平升高。TA-TMA确诊后的主要治疗措施为钙调磷酸酶体抑制剂的减停、激素及血浆置换疗法，8例经治疗后病情得以控制，治疗有效；8例患者治疗无效死亡。治疗无效组8例患者中5例合并急性肠道移植物抗宿主病（GVHD），治疗有效组患者无一例合并肠道GVHD；8例治疗无效患者中5例外周血破碎红细胞比例>5%，而治疗有效组破碎红比例最高为4%；治疗无效患者LDH及肌酐中位水平均高于治疗有效组，分别为826(674~1 310) U/L对636(309~941）U/L及127(70~215）µmol/L对56(22~101）µmol/L。

结论

TA-TMA是allo-HSCT后的一类严重并发症，可导致全身多器官功能损伤，即使采取治疗早期病死率仍较高，疗效与病情轻重及有无并发症有关。

Knee effusion-synovitis volume measurement and effects of vitamin D supplementation in patients with knee osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE

To develop a measure of knee joint effusion-synovitis volume and to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on effusion-synovitis in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and low vitamin D levels over 24 months.

METHOD

Symptomatic knee OA patients with low 25-(OH)D levels (12.5-60 nmol/l) were recruited for a multi-centre, randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blind trial. Participants (age 63 ± 7 years, 208 females) were allocated to either 50,000 IU monthly vitamin D₃ (n = 209) or placebo (n = 204) for 24 months. Knee effusion-synovitis volume in suprapatellar and other regions was measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using OsiriX software. The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to test inter- and intra-rater reliabilities. The least significant change criterion was used to define the increase/decrease in effusion-synovitis volume.

RESULT

The reproducibilities of effusion-synovitis volume measurement were high with ICCs ranging from 0.93 to 0.99. Over 24 months, effusion-synovitis volume remained stable in the vitamin D group but increased in placebos with a significant between-group difference (-1.94 ml, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.54, -0.33). This effect was evident in those with baseline effusion-synovitis and with suprapatellar effusion-synovitis. The proportion with an increase in effusion-synovitis volume was lower in the vitamin D group than placebo (risk ratio (RR): 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.97).

CONCLUSION

This highly reproducible effusion-synovitis volume measurement could be a promising outcome measure in OA trials. Vitamin D supplementation could retard the progression of effusion-synovitis which can potentially benefit people with an inflammatory OA phenotype.

Associations between endogenous sex hormones and MRI structural changes in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the longitudinal association between endogenous sex hormones and knee osteoarthritis (OA) structures and pain.

METHOD

We examined 200 participants (mean age 63.0 ± 7.3 years) from a clinical trial of vitamin D supplement for symptomatic knee OA. Serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were analyzed at baseline and 24 months later. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of selected knee were obtained at both baseline and follow-up for the measurement of cartilage volume, cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and effusion-synovitis volume. Knee pain was assessed using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Longitudinal data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects model.

RESULTS

One hundred and seven males and 93 females were included in this study. For females, after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), and vitamin D level, progesterone was positively associated with cartilage volume (β = 0.12 mm³ per quartile, P < 0.01). Estradiol levels were associated with lower grades of BMLs (β = -0.46 per quartile, P = 0.03), while estradiol (β = -1.28 per quartile, P = 0.04), progesterone (β = -1.56 per quartile, P < 0.01) and testosterone (β = -1.51 per quartile, P = 0.01) were inversely associated with effusion-synovitis volume. Testosterone was inversely associated with knee pain. No consistent associations were observed for males.

CONCLUSION

In women but not men, low serum levels of endogenous estradiol, progesterone and testosterone are associated with increased knee effusion-synovitis and possibly other OA-related structural changes. This may contribute to observed sex differences in knee OA.

Association between MRI-detected osteophytes and changes in knee structures and pain in older adults: a cohort study

OBJECTIVE

To describe cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected osteophytes (OPs) and knee structural abnormalities and knee pain in older adults.

METHOD

A prospective population-based cohort study of 895 participants aged 50-80 years (mean age 62 years, 50% female) was performed. T1-or T2-weighted fat suppressed MRI was used to assess knee OPs, cartilage volume, cartilage defects and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) at baseline and after 2.6 years. Radiographically-detected OPs were scored according to the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) atlas. Knee pain was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire at baseline, 2.6 and 5 years later.

RESULTS

85% of participants had MRI-detected OPs at baseline, while 10% of participants had radiographically-detected OPs. Cross-sectionally, higher gardes of MRI-detected OPs in all compartments were significantly, independently and site-specifically associated with higher prevalences of cartilage defects and BMLs, lower cartilage volume and higher prevalence of knee pain. Longitudinally, higher gardes of baseline MRI-detected OPs site-specifically predicted greater risks of any increase in cartilage defects or BMLs, and loss of cartilage volume in medial and lateral tibiofemoral (LTF) and total compartments over 2.6 years in multivariable analyses. These significant associations were similar in those without radiographically-detected OPs. MTF and total OP scores were significantly associated with change in total knee pain over 2.6 and 5 years but these became non-significant after adjustment for cartilage defects and BMLs.

CONCLUSION

MRI-detected knee OPs are common and appear to be clinically relevant to knee structural changes in older adults.

[Clinical research on robot-assisted percutaneous pelvic and acetabular screws surgery]

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the security and efficiency of a surgical robotic assisted percutaneous screw fixation for the treatment of pelvic and acetabular fractures.

METHODS

In the study, 12 patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures who were treated in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January to April in 2016 were involved in this research. The research subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. Robotic-assisted percutaneous sacroiliac screw internal fixations were performed under the guidance of fluoroscopy navigation in the experimental group; in the control group, doctors operated manually guided by fluoroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed on the total operation time, the intraoperative fluoroscopy time, the adjustment numbers of intraoperative guide wires, the excellent rate of screw placement and the incidence of adverse events in order to evaluate the security and efficiency of a surgical robotic assisted percutaneous screw fixation for the treatment of pelvic and acetabular fractures.

RESULTS

Eleven screws were placed in 7 patients from the experimental group, while 7 screws were placed in 5 patients from the control group in total. All the screw placement positions were satisfactory according to postoperative CT images. The excellent rates of screw placement position were 100% in both groups. However, the P value was 0.016 based on the comparison between the screws' distribution in the two groups which meant that the screw distribution of the experimental group was better than that of the control group. The average fluoroscopy time needed for screw insertion was (7.36±2.63) s in the experimental group while (41.80±13.99) s in the control group (P<0.001). This suggested that the difference between the two groups had statistical significances. Intra-operative fluoroscopy time of the experimental group was significantly smaller than that of the control group. The number of the average screw adjustment was (0.36±0.48) times in the experimental group while (9.00±3.06) times in the control group (P=0.003). This suggested that the difference of the number of the guide needle adjustment between the two groups had statistical significances, and the number of the experimental group was smaller than that of the control group. The average operation time was (43.86±49.06) min in the experimental group while only (29.00±12.14) min were needed in the control group (P=0.528). This suggested that the difference between the two groups had no statistical significance. That is, the total operation time of the two groups was equal. All the screws were in satisfactory positions according to validation results of CT scans. No complications such as screw breaking out the bone cortex and entering into the knee joint cavity, wound infection occurred.

CONCLUSION

Surgical robots are suitable for robot-assisted percutaneous screw fixation in pelvic and acetabular fractures. Robot-assisted treatment of pelvic and acetabular fractures has significant advantages over manual operations including high accuracy, small perspective radiation, safety and efficiency.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between serum inflammatory cytokines and knee bone marrow lesions in patients with knee osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE

To describe cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between serum levels of interleukin (IL) - 6, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-23 and knee bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

DESIGN

Patients (n = 192) with symptomatic knee OA (mean 63 years, range 50-79, female 53%) were assessed at baseline and after 24 months. At each time point, serum IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-23 were measured using Bio-Plex^® Multiplex Immunoassays with Luminex xMAP technology. Knee BMLs were scored using the modified whole organ MRI score (WORMS) from T2 weighted fat-suppressed fast spin echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multivariable linear regression and log binominal regression were used to determine the associations between cytokines and BMLs.

RESULTS

Baseline IL-6 (quarters) were significantly associated with total knee BMLs (P < 0.01 for the trend) as well as associated with an increase in BML score (P = 0.05 for the trend), after adjustment for confounders. Baseline IL-17F and IL-23 (highest quarters vs others) was associated with an increase in BML score in females (P = 0.04 for IL-17F; P = 0.01 for IL-23), but not in males, in multivariable analyses. In contrast, IL-17A was not significantly associated with BMLs in either females or males.

CONCLUSION

IL-6 is associated with increased knee BMLs in both females and males with OA. Serum IL-17F and IL-23 predicted increased knee BML scores in females only, suggesting that inflammation is involved in BML pathogenesis in knee OA, especially in women.

TRAIL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01176344; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000495022.

CD8+ T cells promote proliferation of benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cells under low androgen level via modulation of CCL5/STAT5/CCND1 signaling pathway

Previous studies by our group have shown that low intra-prostatic dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced BPH epithelial cells (BECs) to recruit CD8+ T cells. However, the influence of the recruited CD8+ T cells on BECs under a low androgen level is still unknown. Here, we found CD8+ T cells have the capacity to promote proliferation of BECs in low androgen condition. Mechanism dissection revealed that interaction between CD8+ T cells and BECs through secretion of CCL5 might promote the phosphorylation of STAT5 and a higher expression of CCND1 in BECs. Suppressed CCL5/STAT5 signals via CCL5 neutralizing antibody or STAT5 inhibitor Pimozide led to reverse CD8+ T cell-enhanced BECs proliferation. IHC analysis from Finasteride treated patients showed PCNA expression in BECs was highly correlated to the level of CD8+ T cell infiltration and the expression of CCL5. Consequently, our data indicated infiltrating CD8+ T cells could promote the proliferation of BECs in low androgen condition via modulation of CCL5/STAT5/CCND1 signaling. The increased secretion of CCL5 from the CD8+ T cells/BECs interaction might help BECs survive in a low DHT environment. Targeting these signals may provide a new potential therapeutic approach to better treat BPH patients who failed the therapy of 5α-reductase inhibitors.