101
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Chang X, Kalet A, Liu S, Yang D. WE-H-BRC-06: A Unified Machine-Learning Based Probabilistic Model for Automated Anomaly Detection in the Treatment Plan Data. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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102
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Li K, Chang X, Wang J, Hu P, Hu W. SU-F-T-358: Is Auto-Planning Useful for Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy Planning in Rectal Cancer Radiotherapy? Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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103
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Wu Y, Chen X, Chang X, Huang YJ, Bao S, He Q, Li Y, Zheng J, Duan T, Wang K. Potential involvement of placental AhR in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 59:45-52. [PMID: 26593447 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a common complication of pregnancy. Recent studies have demonstrated that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) might play important roles in establishing and maintaining early pregnancy. In this study, we found that placental AhR protein levels were significantly lower and placental CYP1A1 mRNA levels were higher in unexplained RSA (URSA) patients than in control subjects. The results of immunohistochemical analyzes showed that placental AhR was expressed in syncytiotrophoblast cells and that the level of AhR was markedly lower in these cells in URSA subjects than in control subjects. β-Naphthoflavone (β-NF, an AhR ligand) at 5μM significantly inhibited proliferation and migration in HTR-8/SVneo cells and was associated with the activation of AhR. Moreover, overexpressing AhR in JAR cells significantly increased CYP1A1 mRNA levels and inhibited cell migration. These results indicate that AhR is highly activated in URSA placentas and that the activation of AhR in the placenta might impair trophoblast cell proliferation and migration, possibly leading to the occurrence of URSA.
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Lei H, Hu X, Zhu P, Chang X, Zeng Y, Hu C, Li H, Hu X. Nano-level position resolution for particle tracking in digital in-line holographic microscopy. J Microsc 2015; 260:100-6. [PMID: 26239892 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional particle tracking in biological systems is a quickly growing field, many techniques have been developed providing tracking characters. Digital in-line holographic microscopy is a valuable technique for particle tracking. However, the speckle noise, out-of-focus signals and twin image influenced the particle tracking. Here an adaptive noise reduction method based on bidimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition is introduced into digital in-line holographic microscopy. It can eliminate the speckle noise and background of the hologram adaptively. Combined with the three-dimensional deconvolution approach in the reconstruction, the particle feature would be identified effectively. Tracking the fixed beads on the cover-glass with piezoelectric stage through multiple holographic images demonstrate the tracking resolution, which approaches 2 nm in axial direction and 1 nm in transverse direction. This would facilitate the development and use in the biological area such as living cells and single-molecule approaches.
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Chang X, Yuan Y, Zhang T, Wang D, Du X, Wu X, Chen H, Chen Y, Jiao Y, Teng H. The Toxicity and Detoxifying Mechanism of Cycloxaprid and Buprofezin in Controlling Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera: Delphacidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2015; 15:iev077. [PMID: 26175461 PMCID: PMC4677492 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cycloxaprid (a modified neonicotinoid insecticide) and buprofezin (a thiadiazine insecticide) on mortality of the white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera, were determined in laboratory assays. Cycloxaprid killed WBPH nymphs and adults but buprofezin killed only nymphs, and cycloxaprid acted faster than buprofezin. One day after infestation, mortality of third-instar nymphs was >65% with cycloxaprid at 125 mg liter(-1) but was <38% with buprofezin at 148 mg liter(-1). By the 4th day after infestation, however, control of nymphs by the two insecticides was similar, and cycloxaprid at 125 mg liter(-1) caused ≥ 80% mortality of adults but buprofezin at 148 mg liter(-1) (the highest rate tested) caused almost no adult mortality. LC50 values for cycloxaprid were lowest with nymphs, intermediate with adult males, and highest with adult females. Although buprofezin was slower acting than cycloxaprid, its LC50 for nymphs 5 d after infestation was 3.79-fold lower than that of cycloxaprid. Mean carboxylesterase (CarE) specific activity of nymphal WBPH treated with cycloxaprid and buprofezin was higher than that of control, but there was no significant difference between cycloxaprid and control (no insecticide), and it was significantly higher for buprofezin than those of cycloxaprid and control. For glutathione S-transferase and mixed function oxygenase, the specific activity of nymphal WBPH treated with buprofezin was significantly higher than those of cycloxaprid and control, too.
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Chang X, Ci C, Wang J, Hang S, Ji B. [Detection of ADAR1 gene mutation in a family with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE YI CHUAN XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA YIXUE YICHUANXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 32:367-9. [PMID: 26037352 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect mutation of ADAR1 gene in a family affected with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. METHODS Clinical data and blood samples of the family were collected. Potential mutation of the ADAR1 gene were scanned in 3 patients and 3 unaffected members by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. The coding sequences of the ADAR1 were also screened in 50 normal controls. RESULTS A frameshift mutation (c.2252insG) of the ADAR1 gene was identified in all of the 3 patients. The same mutation was not found in the 3 unaffected members and 50 normal cases. CONCLUSION The frameshift mutation of ADAR1 gene (c.2252insG) is probably responsible for the disease in this family.
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Yang D, Wu Y, He G, Chang X, Olsen L, Mutic S. SU-E-T-218: Comprehensive Plan Integrity and Quality Check by Accessing Eclipse Planning Data Remotely Via a Novel Eclipse-API Client-Server Interface. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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108
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Chang X, Yang D. SU-D-BRD-01: An Automated Physics Weekly Chart Checking System Supporting ARIA. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4923867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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109
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Chang X, Yang D. MO-F-CAMPUS-J-02: Automatic Recognition of Patient Treatment Site in Portal Images Using Machine Learning. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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110
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Zhou Y, Gong G, Cui Y, Zhang D, Chang X, Hu R, Liu N, Sun X. Identification of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Causing Kiwifruit Rot in Sichuan Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2015; 99:699-708. [PMID: 30699681 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-14-0727-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Species of Botryosphaeriaceae fungi are important plant pathogens causing cankers, blight, and fruit rot in an extremely wide range of host. In recent years, kiwifruit rot has been a serious problem in Sichuan Province, one of the important kiwifruit production areas of China. Botryosphaeria dothidea has previously been associated with kiwifruit rot but little is known regarding whether other Botryosphaeriaceae genera also constitute kiwifruit rot pathogens in China. Accordingly, diseased fruit were collected from six different areas of Sichuan Province. Based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity testing, and comparisons of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer, transcription elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin genes, 135 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae were identified as B. dothidea, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Neofusicoccum parvum. All of these species were found to cause kiwifruit rot. To understand the infection cycle of kiwifruit rot pathogens, these three species were used to inoculate leaves and shoots of kiwifruit. The results showed that these species could cause spots on leaves and lesions on shoots, producing abundant pycnidia on leaves and shoots surfaces. Moreover, B. dothidea conidia and ascospores from overwintered pycnidia and pseudothecia in kiwifruit orchards in April and August could cause fruit rot and spots on leaves of kiwifruit. Therefore, we concluded that overwintered pycnidia and pseudothecia of B. dothidea in kiwifruit orchards are the primary inoculum for kiwifruit rot, with new pycnidia that develop during the growing season serving as a secondary inoculum. This is the first report of N. parvum and L. theobromae causing kiwifruit rot in China and is also the first report that B. dothidea is able to overwinter as pycnidia and pseudothecia in kiwifruit orchards and serve as the primary inoculum for kiwifruit rot.
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DiGirolamo DJ, Singhal V, Chang X, Lee SJ, Germain-Lee EL. Administration of soluble activin receptor 2B increases bone and muscle mass in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta. Bone Res 2015; 3:14042. [PMID: 26161291 PMCID: PMC4472144 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2014.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) comprises a group of heritable connective tissue disorders generally defined by recurrent fractures, low bone mass, short stature and skeletal fragility. Beyond the skeletal complications of OI, many patients also report intolerance to physical activity, fatigue and muscle weakness. Indeed, recent studies have demonstrated that skeletal muscle is also negatively affected by OI, both directly and indirectly. Given the well-established interdependence of bone and skeletal muscle in both physiology and pathophysiology and the observations of skeletal muscle pathology in patients with OI, we investigated the therapeutic potential of simultaneous anabolic targeting of both bone and skeletal muscle using a soluble activin receptor 2B (ACVR2B) in a mouse model of type III OI (oim). Treatment of 12-week-old oim mice with ACVR2B for 4 weeks resulted in significant increases in both bone and muscle that were similar to those observed in healthy, wild-type littermates. This proof of concept study provides encouraging evidence for a holistic approach to treating the deleterious consequences of OI in the musculoskeletal system.
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112
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Mei Q, Ye Y, Zhu YL, Cheng J, Chang X, Liu YY, Li HR, Li JB. Testing the mutant selection window hypothesis in vitro and in vivo with Staphylococcus aureus exposed to fosfomycin. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 34:737-44. [PMID: 25424036 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the mutant selection window (MSW) hypothesis in vitro and in vivo with Staphylococcus aureus exposed to fosfomycin. With the in vitro time-kill studies, S. aureus ATCC 29213 [with a minimal concentration that inhibits colony formation by 99% (MIC99) of 2.2 μg/mL and a mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of 57.6 μg/mL] lost fosfomycin susceptibility at antibiotic concentrations (2×, 4×, and 8× MIC) that are between the lower and upper boundaries of the MSW. In the tissue-cage model, S. aureus was exposed to fosfomycin pharmacokinetics at concentrations below the MIC99, between the MIC99 and the MPC, and above the MPC, respectively. Changes in susceptibility and counts of total and resistant viable bacteria were monitored in tissue-cage fluid obtained daily. However, the selection of resistant mutants was not observed during antibacterial treatment and 48 h after the termination of fosfomycin treatment, regardless of the fosfomycin dosage. Besides, we found no differences between the in vitro-isolated mutant and its sensitive parental strain, which indicates the absence of fitness cost of fosfomycin resistance in S. aureus ATCC 29213. These findings demonstrate that agar plate determinations do not fit the MSW for fosfomycin treatment of rabbits infected with S. aureus ATCC 29213; therefore, the existence of the window must be demonstrated not only in vitro but also in vivo. Further research is needed on the exact mechanism of resistance.
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Mielcarek M, Rattray I, Osborne G, Jolinon N, Dick J, Bondulich M, Franklin S, Ahmed M, Benjamin A, Goodwin D, Lazell H, Chang X, Lehar A, Wood T, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Howland D, Smith D, Lee S, Greensmith L, Bates G. M09 Myostatin Inhibition as a Novel Approach to Targeting Muscle Pathology in HD. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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114
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Zhou Y, He S, Gong G, Zhang S, Chang X, Liu N, Sun X, Qi X, Ye K, Wang Y. Soil fungal diversity in three nature reserves of Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province, China. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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115
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Chang X, Yue L, Liu W, Wang Y, Wang L, Xu B, Wang Y, Pan J, Yan X. CD38 and E2F transcription factor 2 have uniquely increased expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissues. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 176:222-31. [PMID: 24397353 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to find novel rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-specific gene expression by simultaneously comparing the expression profiles of the synovial tissues from patients with RA, osteoarthritis (OA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The Illumina Human HT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip was used to investigate the global gene expression profiles in synovial tissues from RA (n = 12), OA (n = 14) and AS (n = 7) patients. By comparing the profiles in synovial tissues from RA, OA and AS, we identified the CD38, ankyrin repeat domain 38 (ANKRD38), E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2), craniofacial development protein 1 (CFDP1), cluster of differentiation (CD)7, interferon-stimulated exonuclease gene 20 kDa (ISG20) and interleukin-2 receptor gamma (IL)-2RG genes as differentially expressed gene expression in RA synovial tissues. The increased expression of CD38, E2F2 and IL-2RG, as revealed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with synovial tissues from RA (n = 30), OA (n = 26) and AS patients (n = 20), was in agreement with the microarray data. Immunohistochemistry revealed significant CD38 expression and E2F2 in synovial membranes from RA patients (n = 5). The CD38(+) cells had high a percentage in the RA patients' blood (n = 103) and in the CD3(+) and CD56(+) subsets. The CD38(+) cell percentage was correlated significantly with RF level (P = 0·026) in RA patients. The IL-1α and IL-β levels were depressed significantly in the culture medium of RA synovial fibroblast cells (n = 5) following treatment with siRNAs targeting the E2F2 or CD38 genes. This study suggests that the uniquely increased expression of CD38 and E2F2 in RA synovial tissues contribute to the immunoactivation of the disease.
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Xiong H, Tan D, Wang S, Song S, Yang H, Gao K, Liu A, Jiao H, Mao B, Ding J, Chang X, Wang J, Wu Y, Yuan Y, Jiang Y, Zhang F, Wu H, Wu X. Genotype/phenotype analysis in Chinese laminin-α2 deficient congenital muscular dystrophy patients. Clin Genet 2014; 87:233-43. [PMID: 24611677 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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117
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Zheng D, Zhao Y, Shen Y, Chang X, Ju S, Guo L. Orexin A-mediated stimulation of 3β-HSD expression and testosterone production through MAPK signaling pathways in primary rat Leydig cells. J Endocrinol Invest 2014; 37:285-92. [PMID: 24515297 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-013-0035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orexin A (ORA) regulates food intake, energy metabolism, gastrointestinal and reproductive functions. AIM The purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether the expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and testosterone was stimulated by ORA and mediated through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in rat Leydig cells. METHODS Primary Leydig cells were isolated from male rat testes, cultured, and treated with ORA under various conditions. RESULTS Orexin receptor 1 (OX (1) R) mRNA, but not orexin receptor 2 mRNA, was detected in primary Leydig cells. ORA up-regulated the expression of OX( 1) R mRNA and protein in a dose-responsive manner and increased the phosphorylation of extracellular receptor kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK levels, but did not affect the phosphorylation of the JNK MAPK. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs by ORA was blocked with U0126 and SB203580 inhibitors, respectively. An OX(1)R-specific inhibitor, SB334867, also blocked the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 by ORA. Inhibitor treatment also blocked 3β-HSD expression and testosterone production. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that ORA activation of OX(1)R up-regulates 3β-HSD expression and testosterone production via the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs signaling pathways in primary rat Leydig cells.
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Chang X, Liu GG, He KL, Shen ZC, Peng YF, Ye GY. Efficacy evaluation of two transgenic maize events expressing fused proteins to CrylAb-susceptible and -resistant Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 106:2548-2556. [PMID: 24498757 DOI: 10.1603/ec13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (GuenCe), is a major pest of maize in China. Transgenic Bt maize could provide an effective way to control this pest. However, the potential of resistance evolution has been documented in the laboratory-a CrylAb-resistant strain of Asian corn borer (Asian corn borer-AbR) could survive well on two Bt maize events, that is, MON810 and Bt11. Pyramided transgenic crops with multiple dissimilar Bt insecticidal proteins offer a superior route for pests control compared with that with one Bt single gene. In this study, two novel transgenic Bt maize events (N30 and V3), which contained a fused gene Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and CrylAb /Vip3DA, respectively, were evaluated for their efficacy on protection against CrylAb-susceptible Asian corn borer (Asian corn borer-BtS) as well as their potential for dealing with the Asian corn borer-AbR. In laboratory bioassay, no neonate larvae of Asian corn borer-BtS fed on the whorl leaves, tassels, husks, silks, and kernels of N30 and V3 could survive at 96 h after infestation. In contrast, only 2.0-8.7% larvae died as they fed on non-Bt maize tissues. As Asian corn borer-AbR neonate larvae fed on N30 and V3 silks and kernels, 95.0% even more larvae were killed at 96 h after infestation, and all died at 168 h after infestation, while 10.0-11.67% larvae survived on non-Bt control. In the field test under artificial infestation at middle whorl leaf and silking stages of maize, there were no significant leaf, silk, and stalk damage on Bt maize plants by comparison with severe leaf feeding, stalk born, and ear damage in control, in addition, the expression profiles of a fused protein of CrylAb/Cry2Aj or CrylAb/Vip3DA in different tissues of N30 and V3 were also confirmed. In conclusion, it is clear that both Bt maize events (N30 and V3) show great potential for protecting maize from attack by Asian corn borer that has resistance to Cry1Ab protein.
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Chang X. Association between asymptomatic carotid stenosis and cognitive function: A systematic review. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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120
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Chang X, Zhang X, Li X, Xu M, Zhao H, Fang W, Yao F. Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in tracheal surgery: a case series. Perfusion 2013; 29:159-62. [PMID: 23928316 DOI: 10.1177/0267659113497072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review our experience of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in airway management during tracheal surgery. METHODS A retrospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in tracheal surgery in Shanghai Chest Hospital between 2008 and 2012. RESULTS In all 91 tracheal surgeries, 7 high-risk cases used extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support ranged from 10 min to 31 min. All extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients underwent surgical procedures safely and there was no hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS Although various advanced anesthesia techniques can ensure a safe airway in tracheal surgery in most cases, extracorporeal circulation plays an important role in high-risk cases.
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Liu Q, Qiao F, Ismail A, Chang X, Nick P. The plant cytoskeleton controls regulatory volume increase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:2111-20. [PMID: 23660128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to adjust cell volume is required for the adaptation to osmotic stress. Plant protoplasts can swell within seconds in response to hypoosmotic shock suggesting that membrane material is released from internal stores. Since the stability of plant membranes depends on submembraneous actin, we asked, whether this regulatory volume control depends on the cytoskeleton. As system we used two cell lines from grapevine which differ in their osmotic tolerance and observed that the cytoskeleton responded differently in these two cell lines. To quantify the ability for regulatory volume control, we used hydraulic conductivity (Lp) as readout and demonstrated a role of the cytoskeleton in protoplast swelling. Chelation of calcium, inhibition of calcium channels, or manipulation of membrane fluidity, did not significantly alter Lp, whereas direct manipulation of the cytoskeleton via specific chemical reagents, or indirectly, through the bacterial elicitor Harpin or activation of phospholipase D, was effective. By optochemical engineering of actin using a caged form of the phytohormone auxin we can break the symmetry of actin organisation resulting in a localised deformation of cell shape indicative of a locally increased Lp. We interpret our findings in terms of a model, where the submembraneous cytoskeleton controls the release of intracellular membrane stores during regulatory volume change.
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Bowden CL, Singh V, Weisler R, Thompson P, Chang X, Quinones M, Mintz J. Lamotrigine vs. lamotrigine plus divalproex in randomized, placebo-controlled maintenance treatment for bipolar depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2012; 126:342-50. [PMID: 22708645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the maintenance efficacy of lamotrigine (Lam) to combination therapy of Lam+divalproex ER (Div) in recently depressed patients with bipolar disorder (BD). METHOD We randomized 86 BD I or II patients in a major depressive episode to 8 months of double-blind treatment with Lam+placebo or Lam+Div. To be eligible for randomization, patients had to achieve control of both depressive and manic symptoms during an open phase that included both Lam and Div. RESULTS Time to depressive episode did not differ significantly by Kaplan-Maier survival analysis (χ2=1.82, df=1, P=0.18). However, several secondary outcomes did show significant differences. The proportion of Lam+placebo patients who had at least one Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score≥15 during the maintenance phase was 67% (30/45) compared with 44% (18/41) for the Lam+Div group (χ2=4.51, P=0.03). Among BD I patients assigned to Lam+placebo, 71.4% (25/35) had at least one visit with MADRS score≥15 compared with 36.7% (11/30) among Lam+Div patients (χ2=7.89, df=1, P=0.005). CONCLUSION Lam+Div generally provided greater maintenance efficacy than Lam alone for depressive indices in recently depressed BD patients.
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Shao C, Jia W, Chang X. Analysis of child injury surveillance in Tongzhou district of Beijing from 2006 to 2010. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590d.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Chang X, Nick P. Defence signalling triggered by Flg22 and Harpin is integrated into a different stilbene output in Vitis cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40446. [PMID: 22792328 PMCID: PMC3391249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants can activate defence to pathogen attack by two layers of innate immunity: basal immunity triggered by pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) linked with programmed cell death. Flg22 and Harpin are evolutionary distinct bacterial PAMPs. We have previously shown that Harpin triggers hypersensitive cell death mimicking ETI in Vitis rupestris, but not in the Vitis vinifera cultivar 'Pinot Noir'. In contrast, the bacterial PAMP flg22 activating PTI does not trigger cell death. To get insight into the defence signalling triggered by flg22 and Harpin, we compared cellular responses upon flg22 and Harpin treatment in the two Vitis cell lines. We found that extracellular alkalinisation was blocked by inhibition of calcium influx, and modulated by pharmacological manipulation of the cytoskeleton and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity with quantitative differences between cell lines and type of PAMPs. In addition, an oxidative burst was detected that was much stronger and faster in response to Harpin as compared to flg22. In V. rupestris, both flg22 and Harpin induced transcripts of defence-related genes including stilbene synthase, microtubule disintegration and actin bundling in a similar way, whereas they differed in V. vinifera cv. 'Pinot Noir'. In contrast to Harpin, flg22 failed to trigger significant levels of the stilbene trans-resveratrol, and did not induce hypersensitive cell death even in the highly responsive V. rupestris. We discuss these data in a model, where flg22- and Harpin-triggered defence shares a part of early signal components, but differs in perception, oxidative burst, and integration into a qualitatively different stilbene output, such that for flg22 a basal PTI is elicited in both cell lines, while Harpin induces cell death mimicking an ETI-like pattern of defence.
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Chang X, Wu Q, Wang S, Wang R, Yang Z, Chen D, Jiao X, Mao Z, Zhang Y. Determining the involvement of two aminopeptidase Ns in the resistance of Plutella xylostella to the Bt toxin Cry1Ac: cloning and study of in vitro function. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 26:60-70. [PMID: 22371317 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The cloning, expression in vitro, and characterization of two aminopeptidase Ns (APN5s and APN2s) isolated from the midgut of Cry1Ac-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) strains of Plutella xylostella larvae are presented in this paper. The deduced amino acid sequences of APN5s included C-terminal GPI-modification sites, the gluzincin aminopeptidase motif GATEN, and three N-glycosylated sites; those of APN2s had no GPI-modification sites, had gluzincin aminopeptidase motif GAMEN, and had four N-glycosylated sites. O-glycosylated sites were not predicted for either APN. Because APN2R and APN2S cDNAs contained the same nucleotides, only full-length cDNAs encoding APN5R and APN5S were expressed in Trichoplusia ni cells. Far-Western blotting showed that the expressed receptor APN5 bound to the Cry1Ac toxin. An enzyme-specific activity experiment also showed that APN5 genes were expressed in T. ni cells. ELISA revealed no differences in the binding of expression proteins from the resistant and susceptible strain with Cry1Ac.
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