Anion Modified Spin Crossover in [Fe(qsal-4-F)]+ Complexes with a 4-Position Substituted Qsal Ligand

Four iron(III) complexes, [Fe(qsal-4-F)₂]Y·sol (Hqsal-4-F = 4-fluoro-N-(8-quinolyl)salicylaldimine; Y = NO₃^-, sol = 0.91MeOH·0.57H₂O (1_NO3); Y = PF₆^- (2_PF6); Y = BF₄^- (3_BF4); Y = OTf^-, sol =1.5MeOH (4_OTf)), with a new 4-position substituted qsal type ligand Hqsal-4-F have been synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized. Complexes 1_NO3-3_BF4 consist of 1D chains formed by the [Fe(qsal-4-F)₂]⁺ cations connected by π-π and C-H···O interactions, which are further linked by more weak interactions to form 2D layers and 3D networks. On the other hand, complex 4_OTf has a structure of nearly isolated 1D column where the [Fe(qsal-4-F)₂]⁺ cations are connected by π-π, C-H···π, and C-F···π interactions. Magnetic studies revealed the occurrence of two-step symmetry-breaking SCO in 1_NO3 and two-step gradual SCO in 2_PF6. Complex 3_BF4 undergoes a gradual SCO, whereas 4_OTf remains almost high-spin. The smaller anions tend to stabilize the low-spin state, while larger anions tend to stabilize the high-spin state. In addition, the intermediate spin state of 1_NO3 could be thermally trapped by quenching from the high temperature, thereby kinetically suppressing the spin transition to the full low-spin state. This work represents a good example that the position of the substituent and the anions plays critical roles in the preparation of SCO materials with tunable properties.

[Analysis of the efficacy and related influencing factors of pelvic packing in the treatment of intractable postpartum hemorrhage after emergency perinatal hysterectomy]

Objective: To investigate the effect of pelvic packing on the control of intractable postpartum hemorrhage after emergency perinatal hysterectomy (EPH). Methods: Eleven cases with complete clinical data of pelvic packing due to failure of hemostasis after EPH were collected to evaluate the outcome, complications, hospital stay of pregnant women, and to analyze the factors affecting the effect of pelvic packing. The cases included patients who were admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University after pelvic packing treatment in the other hospital due to continuous bleeding after EPH or who were referred to our hospital for pelvic packing treatment due to continuous bleeding after EPH from January 2014 to August 2021. Results: The median gestational week of 11 pregnant women was 38.3 weeks(38.0-39.9 weeks) , and the methods of termination of pregnancy were cesarean section in 7 cases (7/11) and vaginal delivery in 4 cases (4/11). The median time between postpartum hemorrhage and pelvic tamponade was 10 hours (5-57 hours), the median amount of bleeding was 8 500 ml(4 800-15 600 ml) , the median number of pelvic tamponade was 3 pieces (2-7 pieces), and the median retention time of gauze pad was 6.0 days (3.0-6.0 days). The median frequency of laparotomy in this pregnancy was 3 times (2-3 times), with a maximum of 4 among the 11 cases, the first pelvic packing was successful in hemostasis in 9 cases, and the final successful treatment in all of the 11 cases. All parturients had hemorrhagic shock (11/11) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (11/11) before pelvic packing. Other common complications were multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (9/11), cardiac arrest (4/11), deep vein thrombosis (3/11), septic shock (3/11), and intestinal obstruction (1/11). All parturients took out the gauze after the coagulation function returned to normal and there was no active bleeding. The recovery time of coagulation function in 11 cases was 3 days (3-5 days), the retention time of gauze pad was 6 days (3-6 days), the median length of stay in intensive care unit was 14 days (11-26 days), and the median total length of stay was 22 days (16-49 days). Conclusions: Pelvic packing could be used as a temporary strategy for intractable postpartum hemorrhage after EPH, which provides a key time for injury control resuscitation for patients with unstable vital signs. This technology provides an opportunity for referral to superior medical institutions and further treatment.

[Impact of empagliflozin on peak oxygen uptake in HFmrEF patients: a randomized controlled trial]

Objective: To evaluate the impact of empagliflozin on peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak) in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF). Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, consecutive HFmrEF patients admitted to the Department of Cardiology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from September 2019 to October 2020 were screened, and randomly assigned to empagliflozin group (EG) or conventional group (CG) using a random number table. The enrolled patients were treated according to the guidelines, and patients in the empagliflozin group received additional empagliflozin (10 mg, once a day, orally) on top of the conventional treatment. The primary end points were VO₂peak at 6 months after treatment, and the secondary end points included other parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), 6-minute walking distance, N-terminal B-type pro-natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level, and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score. Results: A total of 112 patients were included (mean age 69 (57, 78) years, 84 male (75.0%)). There were 55 cases in CG group and 57 cases in EG group. There were no significant differences in baseline data including age, sex, body mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, estimated glomerular filtration rate, glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin, NT-proBNP, daily dose of tolasemi, combined medication, CPET parameters, the proportion of New York Heart Association heart function Ⅲ/Ⅳ, history of coronary heart disease, history of hypertension, history of diabetes (all P>0.05). At 6 months after treatment, VO₂peak was significantly higher in EG group than in CG group(P=0.023). VE/VCO₂ slope was significantly lower in EG group than in CG group(P=0.034). Oxygen uptake efficiency slope was significantly higher in EG group than in CG group(P=0.038). The level of NT-proBNP was significantly lower in EG group than in CG group(P=0.020). Six-minute walking distance was significantly higher in EG group than in CG group(P=0.037). KCCQ score was significantly higher in EG group than in CG group(P=0.048). Exercise oscillatory ventilation decreased in both groups (1 case in each group, P>0.05). Conclusion: Empagliflozin can significantly improve VO₂peak in patients with HFmrEF.

Conspecific pollen advantage mediated by the extragynoecial compitum and its potential to resist interspecific reproductive interference between two Sagittaria species

The extragynoecial compitum formed by the incomplete fusion of carpel margins, while allowing intercarpellary growth of pollen tubes in apocarpous angiosperms, may also increase the risk of reproductive interference caused by heterospecific pollen (HP) deposition. In Sagittaria, congeneric HP tubes grow via different paths and enter the ovules later than conspecific pollen (CP) tubes. However, it is unclear how the growth advantage of the CP tube helps ensure reproductive success when HP is deposited on the stigmas. We performed molecular characterization of interspecies-pollinated seeds to examine the consequences of interspecific pollen deposition between Sagittaria pygmaea and S. trifolia. We also conducted CP-HP (1:1) mixed pollination and delayed CP pollination treatments to explore the seed-siring abilities of CP and HP. Our results showed that although HP could trigger the development of fruits, the interspecies-pollinated seeds contained partially developed embryos and could not germinate. More than 70% of the embryos in these seeds were molecularly identified as hybrids of both species, suggesting that HP tubes could enter the ovules and fertilize the egg cells. Moreover, CP could sire more offspring (≥70%) after the CP-HP (1:1) mixed pollination treatment, even when HP reached the stigma 0.5-1 h earlier than CP (≥50%). Following adequate CP vs. HP (1:1) pollination on carpels on two sides of the apocarpous gynoecium, both species produced > 70% conspecific seeds, indicating that the CP tubes could occupy ovules that should be occupied by HP via the extragynoecial compitum. Our results reveal that in Sagittaria, pollen deposition from co-existing congeneric heterospecies leads to interspecific seed discounting. However, the CP advantage mediated by the extragynoecial compitum is an effective strategy to mitigate the effects of interspecific pollen deposition. This study improves our understanding of how apocarpous angiosperms with an extragynoecial compitum can maintain species stability and mitigate the negative reproductive interference effect from sympatrically distributed related species.

[Study of development of public health safety literacy scale in China]

Objective: To develop a suitable scale for assessing the public health safety literacy in residents in China. Methods: The initial scale of Chinese public health safety literacy was developed through theoretical conceptualization, item pooling, field verifying and item inclusion and exclusion. Then the initial scale was converted into an electronic questionnaire. A total of 2 809 residents from 4 provinces were randomly selected for field testing. Classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT) were used for item reduction. SPSS 23.0 was used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and unidimensional testing. Package R 4.1.1 ltm and mirt were used for the analysis of the psychometric properties of items and generate the ICC, IIC and TIF. Results: The initial scale had 30 items (B1-B30), and the test took 9.8 s to complete one item averagely. According to the CTT, B2 was deleted due to coefficient of total correlation (CITC) <0.3 and the item-dimension correlation coefficient (IDCC) <0.4. B23 was deleted due to CITC<0.3, IDCC<0.4 and difficulty index (W) <0.2. B30 was deleted due to CITC<0.3 and W<0.2. The total Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.923 after deletion. EFA indicated that 14 items should be deleted due to lower factor loadings <0.7. EFA was conducted for remaining 13 items and 2 common factors were extracted, the factor loadings of all items were >0.7, the accumulated variance contribution of the 2 common factors was 63.361%, and the total Cronbach's α was 0.891, showing unidimensionality, IRT was used to test the remaining items. B14 and B20 were deleted due to discrimination coefficient (a) <0.3, difficulty threshold coefficient (b) ∉[-3,3], the small amount of information and the flat, crowded, non-monotonic ICC, and IIC. Finally, the Cronbach's α of the 11-itemed scale was 0.936 with TLI=0.97, CFI=0.99, and RMSEA=0.03. Conclusion: The final scale has good reliability, validity, discrimination, difficulty level and feasibility, and can be applied for the rapid assessment of public health safety literacy in China.

[Contribution to global implementation of WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis by learning successful experiences from the national schistosomiasis control program in China]

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that seriously hinders socioeconomic developments and threatens public health security. To achieve the global elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2030, WHO released the guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis on February, 2022, with aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for schistosomiasis morbidity control, elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem, and ultimate interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in disease-endemic countries. Following concerted efforts for decades, great achievements have been obtained for schistosomiasis control in China where the disease was historically highly prevalent, and the country is moving towards schistosomiasis elimination. This article reviews the successful experiences from the national schistosmiasis control program in China, and summarizes their contributions to the formulation and implementation of the WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis. With the progress of the "Belt and Road" initiative, the world is looking forward to more China's solutions on schistosomiasis control.

Bioaccumulation of manganese and its effects on oxidative stress and immune response in juvenile groupers (Epinephelus moara ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂)

We evaluated the effects of Mn in juvenile Yunlong groupers (Epinephelus moara ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). The groupers were exposed to Mn²⁺ (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L) for 30 days after which they were assessed. The results indicate the accumulation of Mn in fish depended on dose and time. Mn²⁺ accumulation in tissues occurred in the following order: liver > gills > intestine > muscle. The concentrations of SOD and CAT in the fish significantly increased after 10 and 20 days of treatment with 4 mg/L Mn²⁺ but decreased after 30 days. Similarly, GSH and GPx levels increased after 10 days of exposure to 2 and 4 mg/L Mn²⁺ but decreased after 20 and 30 days of exposure. Additionally, malondialdehyde levels significantly increased after exposing the fish to 2 and 4 mg/L Mn²⁺ for 10, 20, and 30 days. In addition, liver HSP70 and HSP90 levels significantly increased at days 20 and 30 in all fish exposed to Mn²⁺. In addition, when Mn²⁺ concentration was 1, 2, and 4 mg/L, liver C3 and C4 levels were significantly increased after 10, 20, and 30 days. Conversely, the levels of LZM and IgM significantly decreased. Mn²⁺ also significantly upregulated the expression of genes associated with immunity (tlr3, tnf-α, il-1β, and il-6) in the fish, which suggests that it induces immunotoxicity by altering the immune response. Overall, the findings showed that Mn²⁺ can disrupt grouper health by bioaccumulating in the fish and subsequently inducing oxidative stress and immune responses. These results can help elucidate the mechanism by which manganese induces toxicity in marine fish. Additionally, they provide a new perspective regarding the detrimental effects of heavy metals in fish.

[Comparison of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis]

Objective: To compare the screening value of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold in tube (QFT-GIT) in the auxiliary diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods: A screening test was performed. Patients who were hospitalized in Guangzhou Chest Hospital and underwent QFT-GIT testing from October to December 2020 were prospectively included as research subjects, QFT-Plus testing was added. And the basic information, clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, imaging examinations and other data of these patients were collected. A total of 207 patients were included and divided into tuberculosis group and non-tuberculosis group according to these data. There were 124 cases in the tuberculosis group (94 confirmed patients and 30 clinically diagnosed patients), including 90 males and 34 females, aged 18-93 years, with a median age of 57 (38, 67) years. The non-tuberculosis group included 83 patients (16 patients with non-tuberculous Mycobacteria and 67 patients with other lung diseases), including 49 males and 34 females, with a median age of 60 (51, 68) years. The confirmed patients were subdivided into three grades of low, medium and high Mycobacteriam tuberculosis (MTB) bacterial load, and three grades of mild, moderate and severe pulmonary tuberculosis. The results of QFT-Plus and QFT-GIT were compared, and the levels of IFN-γ in different antigen tubes were compared. Differences between different groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: The QFT-Plus showed a high degree of agreement with the QFT-GIT (κ=0.786, 95%CI: 0.740-0.832), while the main discordant result was QFT-GIT negative/QFT-Plus positive, accounting for 15/17. The sensitivity of QFT-GIT was 80.7%(95%CI: 0.706-0.880), the specificity was 76.3%(95%CI: 0.649-0.850), the positive predictive value was 79.8%(95%CI: 0.697-0.873), and the negative predictive value was 77.3%(95%CI: 0.659-0.859), repectively. QFT-Plus showed a sensitivity of 84.3%(95%CI: 0.743-0.910), a specificity of 78.8% (95%CI: 0.679-0.868), and a positive predictive value of 80.5%(95%CI: 0.703-0.879), the negative predictive value being 82.9%(95%CI: 0.721-0.902), slightly improved to that of the QFT-GIT. Also, this study found that there were significant differences in IFN-γ values between different MTB load or disease severity (P<0.05). Conclusions: There is a good consistency between the QFT-Plus test and the QFT-GIT test, both of which show good application value in the auxiliary diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Moreover, because of the addition of tuberculosis-specific CD8 cell antigen, the QFT-Plus test has higher sensitivity, lower uncertainty and more application value. This study also found that the bacterial load and disease severity of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis may have a certain correlation with the measured value of IFN-γ.

[Clinicopathological features of mature T/NK cell lymphoma with aberrant CD20 or CD79α expression]

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of mature T/NK cell lymphomas with aberrant CD20 or CD79α expression. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 641 cases of mature T/NK cell lymphoma diagnosed from January 2014 to December 2020 was performed, and 14 cases of CD20-positive and one case of CD79α-positive mature T/NK-cell lymphoma were identified. Histological examination, immunohistochemical characterization, in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus encoded early RNA (EBER), and PCR testing for immunoglobulin and T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements were performed. Clinicopathological characteristics of these lymphomas were analyzed. Results: There were 13 males and 2 females, with a median age of 56 years. There were 8 cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), 3 cases of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL), 2 cases of monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL) and 2 cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). Twelve cases were stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ lymphomas. The prognosis was overall poor. The histology, immunophenotype and TCR gene rearrangement were not significantly different from the corresponding types of lymphoma. Ki-67 proliferation index was over 70% in all cases. The expression of CD20 or CD79α was weak and heterogeneous. All 15 case of Ig gene rearrangement were polyclonal. Conclusions: Mature T/NK cell lymphoma with abnormal expression of CD20 or CD79α is rare, commonly found in advanced stage, and associated with poor prognosis. The expression of CD20 or CD79α in these cases is weaker than the corresponding mature T/NK cell lymphomas, while its proliferation index is higher. Histomorphology, extensive immunoprofiling and molecular detection are required for accurate diagnosis.

[Clinical characteristics of IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy in children]

Objective: To analyze the clinical features of IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in children aged 0-5 years. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected the data on children diagnosed with CMPA in the Department of Allergy at the Children's Hospital of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from October 2019 to November 2020 and improved peripheral blood routine,total IgE defection, milk specific IgE (sIgE) defection,SPT and milk component defection,diagnosis of severe anaphylaxis based on clinical manifestations. Rank-sum test and chi-square test are used for statistical analysis of clinical characteristics between groups. Results: A total of 106 children (67 boys and 39 girls) were enrolled with the age of 15 (8, 34) months, including 42 cases (≤ 1 year of age), 39 cases (>1-<3 years of age) and 25 cases(≥3 years of age), the onset age of 6 (5, 8) months. Among them, 95 cases (89.6%) were reacted after consuming milk or its products, 42 cases (39.6%) had reaction due to skin contact and 11 cases (10.4%) reacted after exclusive breastfeeding. The onset time of milk product consumption was 45 (1, 120) min, skin contact pathway was 10 (5, 30) min and symptoms in breastfeeding pathway was 121 (61, 180) min. There was statistical difference among the time of symptoms (χ²=77.01, P<0.001).The cutaneous reaction was most common (100 cases, 94.3%), followed by digestive (20 cases, 18.9%) and respiratory (16 cases, 15.1%), and the nervous symptoms (1 case, 0.9%) were uncommon and 24 cases (22.6%) had at least one episode of anaphylaxis. There were 87 cases (82.1%) also diagnosed with other food allergies, 94 cases (88.7%) with previous eczema, 57 cases (53.8%) with history of rhinitis, and 23 cases (21.7%) with history of wheezing. The total IgE level was 191.01 (64.71, 506.80) kU/L, and the cow's milk sIgE level was 3.03 (1.11, 15.24) kU/L. The maximum diameter of the wheal in SPT was 8.2 (4.0, 12.0) mm. Component resolved diagnosis showed that 77 cases (81.9%) were sensitized to at least one out of 4 main components, including casein, α lactalbumin, β lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin.The possibility of anaphylaxis in children with milk sIgE grade Ⅳ-Ⅵ was higher than that in children with grade 0-Ⅲ (57.7% (15/26) vs. 12.5% (10/80), OR=9.545, 95%CI 3.435-26.523). Children with milk SPT ≥+++ had a higher probability of anaphylaxis than those with milk SPT ≤++ (34.4% (11/32) vs. 11.5% (3/26), OR=4.016, 95%CI 0.983-16.400). Anaphylaxis were more common in α lactalbumin positive children than in negative children (34.3% (13/38) vs. 14.2% (8/56), χ²=1.23，P=0.042). Conclusions: CMPA in children has early onset and diversified clinical manifestations, which are mainly cutaneous symptoms. Most children are sensitized to at least one allergen component. Serum sIgE level, SPT reaction and allergen components play important roles in the diagnosis and evaluation of CMPA, and higher milk sIgE level may predict a higher risk of anaphylaxis.

[Preparation of microemulsion gel loading enriched ingredients of Epimedii Folium and its pharmacodynamics evaluation]

On the basis of previous studies, this study prepared and evaluated microemulsion gel loading enriched ingredients of Epimedii Folium and investigated its protective effect against peripheral nervous system damage caused by chemotherapeutics. The preparation method and the type and dosage of the matrix were investigated from rheology, preparation difficulty, and drug loading. Then the optimal prescription was determined and the microemulsion gel loading enriched ingredients of Epimedii Folium was prepared. The in vitro release and transdermal behaviors of the gel were investigated in the Franz diffusion cell with epimedin A1,A,B,C, and icariin as evaluation indicators. The oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy(OIPN) model was established in Wistar rats. The protective effect of the microemulsion gel loading enriched ingredients of Epimedii Folium against peripheral nervous system damage caused by chemotherapeutics was evaluated by behavioral measurement after drug administration and histopathological examination of dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve. The preparation process of the microemulsion gel loading enriched ingredients of Epimedii Folium was stable, and the release of the five components was consistent with the Hixson-Crowell cube root law. Behavioral indicators intuitively showed that the drug could effectively relieve mechanical allodynia caused by oxaliplatin. The histopathological examination showed that the drug can improve neuron damage in the dorsal root ganglia, axon degeneration, and demyelination caused by oxaliplatin. Therefore, the preparation process of the microemulsion gel loading enriched ingredients of Epimedii Folium is feasible, which can achieve stable drug release. It has a certain therapeutic effect on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy(CIPN).

[Clinicopathological features and BRAF V600E and MYD88 L265P mutation status of nodal marginal zone lymphoma]

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features as well as BRAF V600E and MYD88 L265P mutation status of nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (NMZL). Methods: Thirty-two cases of NMZL were diagnosed from September 2009 to February 2021 at the Henan Provincial People's Hospital and Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences. The clinicopathologic characteristics were obtained and analyzed. BRAF V600E and MYD88 L265P mutation status were identified using PCR and Sanger sequencing, respectively. Results: There were 20 males and 12 females patients with a median age of 69 years (ranging 36-82 years). The most prevalent clinical manifestation was multiple lymph nodes enlargement in head and neck (22/32, 68.8%), followed by inguinal (12/32, 37.5%), axillary (11/32, 34.4%), mediastinum (5/32, 15.6%) and retroperitoneal lymph nodes (4/32, 12.5%). Most of the patients were in Ann Arbor stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ (21 cases). The morphologic features included diffuse (24/32, 75.0%), nodular (5/32, 15.6%), interfollicular (2/32,6.3%) and perifollicular (1/32,3.1%) types. The tumor cells showed monocyte-like, centrocyte-like, small lymphocyte-like and plasma cell-like differentiation. Immunophenotyping revealed diffuse expression of CD20 in all tumor cells, whereas CD43 (11/32, 34.4%), bcl-2 (20/32, 62.5%), MNDA (13/32, 40.6%) and CD5 (2/32, 6.3%) were partially expressed. Ki-67 proliferation index varied from 10% to 40%. BRAF V600E mutation was found in two cases (2/32, 6.3%), but MYD88 L265P mutation was not detected. Eighteen patients survived and three died at the end of follow-up period which ranged 6 to 110 months. Conclusions: The morphologic features of NMZL varies across individuals, it should be differentiated from various B-cell lymphomas; however immunological biomarkers with high specificity for NMZL are still lacking. No MYD88 L265P mutation is found in NMZL. Some cases may harbor BRAF V600E mutation and yet the prevalence remains indeterminate; further researches are warranted.

[Sensitization characteristics of Juniperus chinensis pollen in Beijing area]

Objective: To investigate the sensitization characteristics of Juniperus chinensis pollen in patients with allergic rhinitis and/or allergic asthma in Beijing area, and to explore the characteristics of Juniper chinensis pollen sensitized population. Methods: Patients with suspected allergic rhinitis and/or asthma from January 2017 to December 2019 in the outpatient department of Allergy Department of Beijing Shijitan Hospital were selected in this study. Skin prick test (SPT) was performed with Juniper chinensis pollen allergen reagent to compare different age and disease allergen distribution, and to observe the sensitization characteristics of its population. All of the analyses were performed using SAS software version 9.4. Results: A total of 8 380 patients were enrolled in the end. The total positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen SPT reached 49.92% (4 183/8 380). The positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen SPT was highest in the 10-14 age group, reaching 60.99% (283/464). Compared with other age groups, there was a statistical difference (χ²=266.77, P<0.01). The SPT positive rate of patients aged less than 10 years increased with the increase of age, while the SPT positive rate of patients aged over 40 years decreased with the increase of age. Single Juniper chinensis pollen was less allergenic, accounting for about 25.05% (1 048/4 183), and the patients' age was (35.21±12.39) years. Regardless of single Juniper chinensis pollen or other pollen allergies, allergic rhinitis was the main disease. Among the patients with SPT positive Juniper chinensis pollen combined with other inhaled pollen allergens, willow pollen accounted for the first (74.99%). The positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen was the highest in patients with single allergic rhinitis, accounting for 52.05% (3 797/7 295), and the rate in patients with single allergic asthma was the lowest, accounting for 17.49% (53/303), with statistically difference (χ²=138.99, P<0.01). Conclusions: Juniper chinensis pollen is highly sensitized in patients with allergic rhinitis and/or allergic asthma in Beijing . The positive rate of SPT is highest among 10-14 age group, most of which showed strong positive reaction, and allergic rhinitis is more common in Juniper chinensis pollen sensitization diseases.

Retraction Note: MiR-362-5p promotes the malignancy of chronic myelocytic leukaemia via downregulation of GADD45α

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-015-0465-3.

Controlling Solution-State Aggregation and Solid-State Microstructures of Conjugated Polymers by Tuning Backbone Conformation

Molecular ordering of conjugated polymers both in solution-state aggregates and in solid-state microstructures is a determining factor of the charge transport properties in optoelectronic devices. However, the effect of backbone conformation in conjugated polymers on assembly structures is still unclear. Herein, to understand such backbone conformation effect, three novel chlorinated benzodifurandionge-based oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (BDOPV) polymers are systematically developed. These BDOPV-based polymers exhibit significantly twisted backbone conformation (near 90° interunit torsion angle) between conjugated units, which can prevent polymer chains from forming ordered assembly structures by increasing conformational energy penalty in closely packed chains. A higher rotational barrier of the torsion angle would further prevent polymer chains from assembling, finally resulting in non-aggregated chains in solution and highly disordered solid-state packing structures. This work will deepen the understanding of the relationship between polymer backbone conformation and assembly structures, contributing to the exploration of the structure-property relationship of polymers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Regulation of High Miscibility for Efficient Charge-Transport in n-Doped Conjugated Polymers

Strong interchain interactions of conjugated polymers usually result in poor miscibility with molecular dopants, limiting the doping efficiency because of uncontrolled phase separation. We have developed a strategy to achieve efficient charge-transport and high doping miscibility in n-doped conjugated polymers. We solve the miscibility issue through disorder side-chains containing dopants better. Systemic structural characterization reveals a farther side-chain branching point will lead to higher disorders, which provides appropriate sites to accommodate extrinsic molecular dopants without harming original chain packings and charge-transport channels. Therefore, better sustainability of solid-state microstructure is obtained, yielding a stable conductivity even when overloading massive dopants. This work highlights the importance of realizing high host-dopant miscibility in molecular doping of conjugated polymers.

[The "jīvanīya class of herbs" (Shi Tian Yao) in the Bower Manuscript (Bao Wei Er Xie Ben)]

The Bower Manuscript (Bao Wei Er Xie Ben) is a Sanskrit document unearthed in Xinjiang in the 19th century. The ten drugs, which tasted sweet, and used widely were named as the "jīvanīya class of herbs" (Shi Tian Yao) in this document . It was found that "jīvanīya" tasted sweet, felt cold and was often used in tonic decoction for relieving serious vāta (Feng), with references to the ancient medical book Ayurveda and the modern Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia. "Jīvanīya" was constructed with different dossage forms, such as butter, oil, enema, ointment. It can treat some diseases of consumption of the lungs, epilepsy, consumptive diseases and fever of children in Bower Manuscript (Bao Wei Er Xie Ben). The theories of "jīvanīya" came from Ayurveda. Compared with the theories of traditional Chinese Medicine, the theory that "jīvanīya" can treat consumptive diseases appears similar to the theories in Su Wen about "Feng Xiao". The theories of Traditional Indian medicine and Chinese medicine appear resemblant, such as the commonalities in terms of using sweet tonics with liquorice and Fritillaria cirrhosa to treat comsumptive diseases.

[Application guidelines and research progress of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder. It is expected that the incidence of AD will increase exponentially in the coming decades. The clinical and research application of AD biomarkers has gone through a long process. At present, the clinical diagnostic criteria for AD mainly include the IWG-2 criteria developed by International Working Group (IWG), the NIA-AA criteria formulated by the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) and the "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease in China (2020 version)" released by the Professional Committee on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Diseases of the Chinese Geriatric Health Care Association (Alzheimer's Disease Chinese, ADC). Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers such as Aβ₄₂, T-tau and P-tau are recognized as central biomarkers for AD, besides, the development of new molecules in other pathophysiological pathway that can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD have made great progress in the last decade. This article elaborates studies of the application guidelines of AD biomarkers and highlights the research progress of biomarkers in AD pathophysiological pathway.

[The application value of plasma heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1, Aβ42 and P-tau in the preoperative diagnosis of mild cognitive dysfunction]

Objective: To explore the application value of plasma heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1(hnRNP A2B1), β-amyloid 42(Aβ₄₂) and phosphorylated tau protein(P-tau) levels in elderly patients in the preoperative diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment(MCI). Methods: A total of 200 patients who underwent elective surgery at Tianjin Third Central Hospital from June 2020 to March 2021were Enrolled, regardless of gender, age 65-80 years old. According to the international MCI working group standards and the European Alzheimer's Disease Federation working group standards, patients were divided into MCI group and control group. There were 58 males and 42 females in each group. The patient's plasma hnRNP A2/B1, Aβ₄₂ and P-tau levels were detected before operation. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of MCI were calculated. The receiver operating characteristic curve were drew to evaluate the diagnostic value of each index. Results: The plasma levels of hnRNP A2/B1, Aβ₄₂ and P-tau in the MCI group were 310.0 (275.1, 344.2), 34.5 (24.9, 42.5), 190.4 (150.4, 301.7) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group [272.7 (239.6, 291.5), 18.7 (14.7, 26.6), 140.0 (101.8, 217.5) ng/L]. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Taking the international MCI working group standard as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of plasma hnRNP A2/B1 for predicting MCI were 80%, 61%, and 0.781, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and AUC of plasma Aβ₄₂ for predicting MCI were 78%, 73%, and 0.744. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of P-tau for predicting MCI were 51%, 79%, and 0.675, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and AUC of hnRNP A2/B1 and Aβ₄₂ in predicting MCI were not statistically significant (all P>0.05), but the sensitivity of both were higher than P-tau (all P<0.001). Compared with P-tau, the AUC of plasma hnRNP A2/B1 was higher when predicting MCI (P<0.05). When the three indicators were combined, the sensitivity was 82%, and the AUC was 0.842, both of which were the highest, but the specificity reduced (71%) (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Plasma hnRNP A2/B1 combined with Aβ₄₂ and P-tau levels can improve the sensitivity and accuracy of MCI diagnosis in elderly MCI patients before surgery, and have the greatest diagnostic efficiency. It has certain application value.

[Evaluation of immune persistence of vaccine]

The evaluation methods of immune persistence include direct evaluation, indirect evaluation, model prediction, and meta-analysis and so on. Direct evaluation is the gold standard for evaluating the immune persistence of vaccines by quantifying the protective effect of vaccines on the onset and (or) infection of preventable diseases. Indirect evaluation of immune persistence by immunological surrogate indicators is more widely used in practice. In addition, mathematical models and meta-analysis can also be used to evaluate the immune persistence of vaccines. It is of great significance to select the appropriate evaluation method to analyze the immune persistence of the vaccine according to the specific situation.