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Chen WW, Cheng X, Zhang X, Zhang QS, Sun HQ, Huang WJ, Xie ZY. The expression features of serum Cystatin C and homocysteine of Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive dysfunction. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2015; 19:2957-2963. [PMID: 26367713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the expression features of serum cystatin C, and homocysteine in patients of Parkinson's disease (PD) with mild cognitive impairment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with PD from the neurology department of the Central Hospital of Xuzhou from august 2012 to august 2014 were enrolled in this study. The Hoehn-Yahr (H&Y) grading rating scale was used to rate the degree of severity of PD, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) rating scale was used to rate and group their cognitive impairment, test the level of the serum cystatin C (CysC) and homocysteine (HCY) and their variations after treatment with vitamin B and folic acid. RESULTS (1) The CysC and HCY in the PD group was higher than that in the normal control (p<0.05); (2) As the H&Y rating upgraded, the CysC and HCY in the PD group gradually increased with the progression of the disease (p<0.05); (3) The level of CysC and HCY in the PD-mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group increased significantly compared with those in the PD group (p<0.05) The correlation analysis showed that there was significant positive correlation between CysC and HCY. (4) After treatment with vitamin B and folic acid, the CysC, and HCY levels were lower than before, but the grades of the repetition measurement scale, MMSE and MoCA had no significant improvement (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS A high level of CysC and HCY might be involved in the development of Parkinson disease. Their expression levels were higher in the PD patients with mild cognitive dysfunction and both showed a remarkably positive correlation.
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Sun JQ, Cheng X, Ding MD, Guo Y, Priest ER, Parnell CE, Edwards SJ, Zhang J, Chen PF, Fang C. Extreme ultraviolet imaging of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection in a solar eruption. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7598. [PMID: 26113464 PMCID: PMC4491808 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection, a change of magnetic field connectivity, is a fundamental physical process in which magnetic energy is released explosively, and it is responsible for various eruptive phenomena in the universe. However, this process is difficult to observe directly. Here, the magnetic topology associated with a solar reconnection event is studied in three dimensions using the combined perspectives of two spacecraft. The sequence of extreme ultraviolet images clearly shows that two groups of oppositely directed and non-coplanar magnetic loops gradually approach each other, forming a separator or quasi-separator and then reconnecting. The plasma near the reconnection site is subsequently heated from ∼1 to ≥5 MK. Shortly afterwards, warm flare loops (∼3 MK) appear underneath the hot plasma. Other observational signatures of reconnection, including plasma inflows and downflows, are unambiguously revealed and quantitatively measured. These observations provide direct evidence of magnetic reconnection in a three-dimensional configuration and reveal its origin. Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental energy release process taking place in various astrophysical environments, but it is difficult to observe it directly. Here, the authors provide evidence of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection in a solar eruption using combined perspectives of two spacecraft.
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203
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Ghafoory S, Mehrabi A, Hafezi M, Cheng X, Breitkopf-Heinlein K, Hick M, Huichalaf M, Herbel V, Saffari A, Wölfl S. Nuclear accumulation of CDH1 mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e152. [PMID: 26029826 PMCID: PMC4753520 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of E-cadherin has a central role in maintaining epithelial morphology. In solid tumors, reduction of E-cadherin results in disruption of intercellular contacts. Consequently, cells lose adhesive properties and gain more invasive mesenchymal properties. Nevertheless, the mechanism of E-cadherin regulation is not completely elucidated. Here we analyzed the distribution of E-cadherin expression at the cell level in human hepatocellular carcinoma, in which human liver paraffin blocks from 25 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were prepared from cancerous (CA) and noncancerous areas (NCA). In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed to detect E-cadherin and hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF1α) mRNAs and immunohistochemistry to stain E-cadherin protein. In parallel, RNA was extracted from CA and NCA, and E-cadherin and HIF1α were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. ISH revealed abundant E-cadherin mRNA in nuclei of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs), whereas immunohistochemistry showed depletion of E-cadherin protein from these areas. In sections of NCA, E-cadherin mRNA was also found in the cytosol, and E-cadherin protein was detected on the membrane of cells. Experiments in cell lines confirmed E-cadherin mRNA in nuclei of cells negative for E-cadherin protein. HIF1α expression is elevated in CAs, which is associated with a clear cytosolic staining for this mRNA. Our results demonstrate that E-caderhin mRNA is selectively retained in nuclei of HCCs, whereas other mRNAs are still exported, suggesting that translocation of E-cadherin mRNA from nuclei to cytoplasm has a role in regulating E-cadherin protein levels during epithelial mesenchymal transition.
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204
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Cheng X, Zhang YE, Lu X, Lu Y, Chen Z. The involvement of central beta-endorphin in the cardioprotective effects of remote preconditioning mediated by the intracerebroventricular administration of morphine. Ir J Med Sci 2015; 185:423-31. [PMID: 25971466 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-015-1308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioids can mimic the effects of remote cardiac preconditioning and mediate a subsequent reduction in myocardial infarct size. AIM This study investigated the role of beta-endorphin (β-EP) in intracerebroventricular morphine cardioprotection. METHODS Anesthetized, open-chest, male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 1 of 9 treatment groups 3 days after intracerebroventricular catheter placement. Remote preconditioning was induced with 3 μg/kg of morphine. The β-EP antagonist was administered via intracerebroventricular or intravenous routes either 10 min before or immediately after morphine or saline administration. Ischemia-reperfusion injury was caused by 30 min of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion. The infarct size, as a percentage of the area at risk, was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium staining. Radioimmunoassay and immunoreactivity were used to determine the β-EP levels in the serum and brain. RESULTS Intracerebroventricular administration of β-EP antiserum (AEP) after morphine administration attenuated the cardioprotective effects of remote preconditioning. The addition of intravenous AEP either before or after morphine did not affect infarct size. After morphine preconditioning, the β-EP level decreased in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and increased significantly in the serum, pituitary gland, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and rostral ventrolateral medulla. CONCLUSION Central but not peripheral β-EP is involved in morphine remote preconditioning and plays a role in the ongoing mediation of cardioprotective effects.
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Zhang QM, Ning ZJ, Guo Y, Zhou TH, Cheng X, Ji HS, Feng L, Wiegelmann T. MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF A PARTIALLY ERUPTIVE FILAMENT ON 2011 SEPTEMBER 8. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/805/1/4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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206
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Cheng X, Yi B, Zhang X, Li Q. Apigenin induces dermal collagen synthesis via smad2/3 signaling pathway. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2467. [PMID: 26150153 PMCID: PMC4503966 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Decrease in fibroblast-produced collagen has been proven to be the pivotal cause of skin aging, but there is no satisfactory drug which directly increases dermal thickness and collage density. Here we found that a flavonoid natural product, apigenin, could significantly increase collagen synthesis. NIH/3T3 and primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were incubated with various concentrations of apigenin, with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) serving as the negative control. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western Blot, and Toluidine blue staining demonstrated that apigenin stimulated type-I and type-III collagen synthesis of fibroblasts on the mRNA and protein levels. Meanwhile, apigenin did not induce expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in vitro and in vivo, a fibrotic marker in living tissues. Then the production of collagen was confirmed by Masson’s trichrome stain, Picrosirius red stain and immunohistochemistry in mouse models. We also clarified that this compound induced collagen synthesis by activating smad2/3 signaling pathway. Taken together, without obvious influence on fibroblasts’ apoptosis and viability, apigenin could promote the type-I and type-III collagen synthesis of dermal fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo, thus suggesting that apigenin may serve as a potential agent for esthetic and reconstructive skin rejuvenation.
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207
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Burdorf L, Riner A, Rybak E, Harris D, Dahi S, Zhang T, Parsell D, Ali F, Schwartz E, Kang E, Cheng X, Sievert E, Braileanu G, Quinn K, Shah A, Shah A, De Meyer S, Deckmyn H, Phelps C, Ayares D, Pierson R, Azimzadeh A. Blockade of Glycoproteins Ib and IIb/IIIa Reduces Platelet Sequestration and PVR Rise in a Xenogeneic Lung Perfusion Model. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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208
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Burdorf L, Rybak E, Zhang T, Harris D, Dahi S, Kubicki N, Woodall J, Parsell D, Cheng X, Schwartz E, Kang E, Sievert E, Braileanu G, Phelps C, Ayares D, Azimzadeh A, Pierson R. Extended Life-Support Duration in a Xenogeneic Lung Transplantation Model Using Pigs With Multiple Genetic Modifications. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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209
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Liu X, Cheng X. Sub-channel/system coupled code development and its application to SCWR-FQT loop. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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210
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Zhou Q, Chen E, Chen L, Nong Y, Cheng X, He M, Tang H. Sensitivity of drug-resistant mutants of hepatitis B virus to poly-IC. Acta Virol 2015; 58:348-55. [PMID: 25518716 DOI: 10.4149/av_2014_04_348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The long-term benefits of antiviral treatment are limited by the resistance of hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, the effect of interferon (IFN)α treatment on drug-resistant HBVs is so far unknown. We, therefore, investigated the effects of IFN-α inducer poly-IC on the replication of HBV mutants resistant to drugs such as lamivudine (LAM), adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) and entecavir (ETV) in mice. HBV DNA and HBV DNA intermediate (RI) were employed as markers of the virus replication and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthase (OAS) mRNA as a marker of IFN-α/β induction. Poly-IC inhibited wtHBV replication and increased levels of OAS mRNA. Compared to the wt virus, the capacity of virus replication was reduced in most LAMr and ETVr mutants except those with mutations rtM(204V+L180M+V173L), and was similary in the ADVr mutants except rt(A121V+N236T). The virus replication was reduced after poly-IC treatment with LAMr and ADVr mutants similary to the wt virus. In contrast, ETVr mutants were resistant to the poly-IC treatment. In conclusion, the capacity of HBV replication and the sensitivity to IFN therapy are influenced by drug-resistant mutations. The IFN therapy may effectively inhibit HBV replication in particular in patients with LAMr or ADVr mutations but not in patients with ETVr mutations.
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211
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Cheng X, Yang Y, Fan Z, Yu L, Bai H, Zhou B, Wu X, Xu H, Fang M, Shen A, Chen Q, Xu Y. MKL1 potentiates lung cancer cell migration and invasion by epigenetically activating MMP9 transcription. Oncogene 2015; 34:5570-81. [PMID: 25746000 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Malignant tumors are exemplified by excessive proliferation and aggressive migration/invasion contributing to increased mortality of cancer patients. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression is positively correlated with lung cancer malignancy. The mechanism underlying an elevated MMP9 expression is not clearly defined. We demonstrate here that the transcriptional modulator megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1) was activated by hypoxia and transforming growth factor (TGF-β), two prominent pro-malignancy factors, in cultured lung cancer cells. MKL1 levels were also increased in more invasive types of lung cancer in humans. Depletion of MKL1 in lung cancer cells attenuated migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of MKL1 potentiated the induction of MMP9 transcription by hypoxia and TGF-β, whereas MKL1 silencing diminished MMP9 expression. Of interest, MKL1 knockdown eliminated histone H3K4 methylation surrounding the MMP9 promoter. Further analyses revealed that MKL1 recruited ASH2, a component of the H3K4 methyltransferase complex, to activate MMP9 transcription. Depletion of ASH2 ameliorated cancer cell migration and invasion in an MMP9-dependent manner. Together our data indicate that MKL1 potentiates lung cancer cell migration and invasion by epigenetically activating MMP9 transcription.
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Zhang J, Zhu LX, Cheng X, Lin Y, Yan P, Peng B. Promotion of Dental Pulp Cell Migration and Pulp Repair by a Bioceramic Putty Involving FGFR-mediated Signaling Pathways. J Dent Res 2015; 94:853-62. [PMID: 25724555 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515572020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral trioxide aggregate is the currently recommended material of choice for clinical pulp repair despite several disadvantages, including handling inconvenience. Little is known about the signaling mechanisms involved in bioceramic-mediated dental pulp repair-particularly, dental pulp cell (DPC) migration. This study evaluated the effects of iRoot BP Plus, a novel ready-to-use nanoparticulate bioceramic putty, on DPC migration in vitro and pulp repair in vivo, focusing on possible involvement of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-related signaling, including mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt pathways. Treatment with iRoot BP Plus extracts enhanced horizontal and vertical migration of DPCs, which was comparable with the effects induced by mineral trioxide aggregate extracts. The DPCs exposed to iRoot BP Plus extracts demonstrated no evident apoptosis. Importantly, treatment with iRoot BP Plus extracts resulted in rapid activation of FGFR, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Akt signaling in DPCs. Confocal immunofluorescence staining revealed that iRoot BP Plus stimulated focal adhesion formation and stress fiber assembly in DPCs, in addition to upregulating the expression of focal adhesion molecules, including p-focal adhesion kinase, p-paxillin, and vinculin. Moreover, activation of FGFR, ERK, JNK, and Akt were found to mediate the upregulated expression of focal adhesion molecules, stress fiber assembly, and enhanced DPC migration induced by iRoot BP Plus. Consistent with the in vitro results, we observed induction of homogeneous dentin bridge formation and expression of p-focal adhesion kinase, p-FGFR, p-ERK 1/2, p-JNK, and p-Akt near injury sites by iRoot BP Plus in an in vivo pulp repair model. These data demonstrate that iRoot BP Plus can promote DPC migration and pulp repair involving the FGFR-mediated ERK 1/2, JNK, and Akt pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into the signaling mechanisms underlying nanoparticulate bioceramic-mediated pulp repair.
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213
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Cheng X, Xu P, Zhou X, Deng M, Cheng L, Li M, Li Y, Xu X. Arginine promotes fluoride uptake into artificial carious lesionsin vitro. Aust Dent J 2015; 60:104-11. [PMID: 25721284 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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214
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Cheng X, Li R, Li D, Li Y, Chen XQ. Stable compositions and structures in the Na–Bi system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:6933-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05115g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Predicted phase diversity and interesting properties of the Na–Bi system in the range of 0–320 GPa from first-principles calculations.
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215
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Bandini G, Polidori M, Gerschenfeld A, Pialla D, Li S, Ma W, Kudinov P, Jeltsov M, Kööp K, Huber K, Cheng X, Bruzzese C, Class A, Prill D, Papukchiev A, Geffray C, Macian-Juan R, Maas L. Assessment of systems codes and their coupling with CFD codes in thermal–hydraulic applications to innovative reactors. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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216
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Cheng X, Hookway E, Kashima T, Oppermann U, Galione A, Athanasou NA. The role of calcium and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) in human osteoclast formation and resorption. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 96:73-9. [PMID: 25433853 PMCID: PMC6667340 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are specialised bone resorbing cells which form by fusion of circulating mononuclear phagocyte precursors. Bone resorption results in the release of large amounts of calcium into the extracellular fluid (ECF), but it is not certain whether changes in extracellular calcium concentration [Ca(2+)]e influence osteoclast formation and resorption. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of [Ca(2+)]e and NAADP, a potent calcium mobilising messenger that induces calcium uptake, on human osteoclast formation and resorption. CD14+ human monocytes were cultured with M-CSF and RANKL in the presence of different concentrations of calcium and NAADP and the effect on osteoclast formation and resorption evaluated. We found that the number of TRAP+ multinucleated cells and the extent of lacunar resorption were reduced when there was an increase in extracellular calcium and NAADP. This was associated with a decrease in RANK mRNA expression by CD14+ cells. At high concentrations (20 mM) of [Ca(2+)]e mature osteoclast resorption activity remained unaltered relative to control cultures. Our findings indicate that osteoclast formation is inhibited by a rise in [Ca(2+)]e and that RANK expression by mononuclear phagocyte osteoclast precursors is also [Ca(2+)]e dependent. Changes in NAADP also influence osteoclast formation, suggesting a role for this molecule in calcium handling. Osteoclasts remained capable of lacunar resorption, even at high ECF [Ca(2+)]e, in keeping with their role in physiological and pathological bone resorption.
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217
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Song H, Jiang H, Nan Y, Cheng X. Degesting the remodeled cardiovascular wall: role of cysteinyl cathepsins in cardiovascular disease. Minerva Cardioangiol 2014:R05Y9999N00A140072. [PMID: 25516135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is characterized by extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture of the cardiovascular system. Among the many extracellular proteolytic enzymes present in cardiovascular cells and inflammatory cells and involved in ECM remodeling, members of the matrix metalloproteinase family and serine protease family have received the most attention. However, recent findings from laboratory and clinical studies have indicated that lysosomal cysteinyl cathepsins also participate in pathogenesis of CVD. This review summarizes recent knowledge on discoveries regarding the relationship between cysteinly cathepsins and CVD.
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218
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Zheng X, Cheng X, Wang L, Qiu W, Wang S, Zhou Y, Li M, Li Y, Cheng L, Li J, Zhou X, Xu X. Combinatorial effects of arginine and fluoride on oral bacteria. J Dent Res 2014; 94:344-53. [PMID: 25477312 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514561259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is closely associated with the microbial disequilibrium between acidogenic/aciduric pathogens and alkali-generating commensal residents within the dental plaque. Fluoride is a widely used anticaries agent, which promotes tooth hard-tissue remineralization and suppresses bacterial activities. Recent clinical trials have shown that oral hygiene products containing both fluoride and arginine possess a greater anticaries effect compared with those containing fluoride alone, indicating synergy between fluoride and arginine in caries management. Here, we hypothesize that arginine may augment the ecological benefit of fluoride by enriching alkali-generating bacteria in the plaque biofilm and thus synergizes with fluoride in controlling dental caries. Specifically, we assessed the combinatory effects of NaF/arginine on planktonic and biofilm cultures of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis with checkerboard microdilution assays. The optimal NaF/arginine combinations were selected, and their combinatory effects on microbial composition were further examined in single-, dual-, and 3-species biofilm using bacterial species-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found that arginine synergized with fluoride in suppressing acidogenic S. mutans in both planktonic and biofilm cultures. In addition, the NaF/arginine combination synergistically reduced S. mutans but enriched S. sanguinis within the multispecies biofilms. More importantly, the optimal combination of NaF/arginine maintained a "streptococcal pressure" against the potential growth of oral anaerobe P. gingivalis within the alkalized biofilm. Taken together, we conclude that the combinatory application of fluoride and arginine has a potential synergistic effect in maintaining a healthy oral microbial equilibrium and thus represents a promising ecological approach to caries management.
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219
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Yu Y, Cheng X. Experimental study of water film flow on large vertical and inclined flat plate. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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220
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Xu Y, Qiu Z, Xu Y, Bao H, Gao S, Cheng X. The role of fQRS in coronary artery disease. A meta-analysis of observational studies. Herz 2014; 40 Suppl 1:8-15. [PMID: 25336240 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-014-4155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that the presence of fragmented QRS complex (fQRS) is associated with various cardiovascular diseases. fQRS may predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The current meta-analysis was performed using clinical outcome studies to evaluate the role of fQRS in coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases (Cochrane, Medline, Embase and Pubmed) from their inception to April 2014 was performed. Data were extracted from applicable articles to evaluate the prognostic value of fQRS in CAD. RESULTS A total of 16 observational studies about fQRS and CAD (n = 3,997 patients) were identified. Compared with the non-fQRS group, MACE and mortality were significantly higher in the fQRS group -odds ratios (OR) 3.19, 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) [2.3, 4.42], p < 0.00001; OR 2.24, 95 % CI [1.71, 2.94], p < 0.0001. Patients developed Q waves, anterior-wall myocardial infarction (MI), and low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) more frequently in the fQRS group than in the non-fQRS group-OR 2.59, 95 % CI [1.76, 3.81], p < 0.00001; OR 2.43, 95 % CI [1.07, 5.52], p = 0.03; OR - 6.43, 95 % CI [- 9.11, - 3.74], p < 0.00001. CONCLUSION Based on current evidence, fQRS was associated with increased MACE, mortality, Q waves, anterior-wall MI, and decreased LVEF in CAD. These findings show that fQRS is a reliable marker in CAD.
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Cheng X, Yuan C, Blackburn S, Withey P. The study of the influence of binder systems in an Y2O3–ZrO2 facecoat material on the investment casting slurries and shells properties. Ann Ital Chir 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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222
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Liu W, Stein P, Cheng X, Yang W, Shao NY, Morrisey EE, Schultz RM, You J. BRD4 regulates Nanog expression in mouse embryonic stem cells and preimplantation embryos. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1950-60. [PMID: 25146928 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is an important epigenetic reader implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of different cancers and other diseases. Brd4-null mouse embryos die shortly after implantation and are compromised in their ability to maintain the inner cell mass, which gives rise to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here we report that BRD4 regulates expression of the pluripotency factor Nanog in mouse ESCs and preimplantation embryos, as well as in human ESCs and embryonic cancer stem cells. Inhibition of BRD4 function using a chemical inhibitor, small interfering RNAs, or a dominant-negative approach suppresses Nanog expression, and abolishes the self-renewal ability of ESCs. We also find that BRD4 associates with BRG1 (brahma-related gene 1, aka Smarca4 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4)), a key regulator of ESC self-renewal and pluripotency, in the Nanog regulatory regions to regulate Nanog expression. Our study identifies Nanog as a novel BRD4 target gene, providing new insights for the biological function of BRD4 in stem cells and mouse embryos. Knowledge gained from these non-cancerous systems will facilitate future investigations of how Brd4 dysfunction leads to cancers.
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Burdorf L, Stoddard T, Zhang T, Rybak E, Riner A, Avon C, Laaris A, Cheng X, Sievert E, Braileanu G, Newton A, Phelps CJ, Ayares D, Azimzadeh AM, Pierson RN. Expression of human CD46 modulates inflammation associated with GalTKO lung xenograft injury. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1084-95. [PMID: 24698431 PMCID: PMC4144189 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of lungs from GalTKO.hCD46 pigs, genetically modified to lack the galactose-α(1,3)-galactose epitope (GalTKO) and to express human CD46, a complement regulatory protein, has not previously been described. Physiologic, hematologic and biochemical parameters during perfusion with heparinized fresh human blood were measured for 33 GalTKO.hCD46, GalTKO (n = 16), and WT pig lungs (n = 16), and 12 pig lungs perfused with autologous pig blood. Median GalTKO.hCD46 lung survival was 171 min compared to 120 for GalTKO (p = 0.27) and 10 for WT lungs (p < 0.001). Complement activation, platelet activation and histamine elaboration were significantly reduced during the first 2 h of perfusion in GalTKO.hCD46 lungs compared to GalTKO (ΔC3a at 120' 812 ± 230 vs. 1412 ± 1047, p = 0.02; ΔCD62P at 120' 9.8 ± 7.2 vs. 25.4 ± 18.2, p < 0.01; Δhistamine at 60' 97 ± 62 vs. 189 ± 194, p = 0.03). We conclude that, in addition to significant down-modulation of complement activation, hCD46 expression in GalTKO lungs diminished platelet and coagulation cascade activation, neutrophil sequestration and histamine release. Because GalTKO.hCD46 lung failure kinetics correlated directly with platelet and neutrophil sequestration, coagulation cascade activation and a rise in histamine levels within the first hour of perfusion, further progress will likely depend upon improved control of these pathways, by rationally targeted additional modifications to pigs and pharmacologic interventions.
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Harris D, Gao Z, Sievert E, Benipal P, Cheng X, Burdorf L, Ayares D, Pierson R, Azimzadeh A. Transgenic Human Thrombomodulin Expression Reduces Xenogeneic Thrombosis: a Promising Means of Reducing Pig Lung Xenograft Thrombotic Injury. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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225
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Burdorf L, Rybak E, Zhang T, Harris D, Dahi S, Ali F, Parsell D, Braileanu G, Cheng X, Sievert E, Phelps C, Ayares D, Azimzadeh A, Pierson R. Combined Thromboxane Synthase Inhibition and H2-Receptor Blockade Prevents PVR Elevation During GalTKO.hCD46.hCD55 Pig Lung Perfusion With Human Blood. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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226
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Harris D, Benipal P, Gao Z, Cheng X, Burdorf L, Ayares D, Azimzadeh A, Pierson R. Activated Protein C Decreases Thrombosis onPorcine Endothelium Transgenic for Human Endothelial Protein C Receptor - A Novel Mechanism to Decrease Porcine Xenograft Injury. J Surg Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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227
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Wang T, Chen S, Sun J, Cai J, Cheng X, Dong H, Wang X, Xing J, Dong W, Yao H, Dong Y. Identification of factors influencing the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole and the optimization of dosage regimens based on Monte Carlo simulation in patients with invasive fungal infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:463-470. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
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228
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Singh M, Cheng X, Belavkin R. Local Semantic Indexing for Resource Discovery on Overlay Network Using Mobile Agents. INT J COMPUT INT SYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/18756891.2013.856257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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229
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Cheng X, Zhou D, Wei J, Lin J. Cell-cycle arrest at G2/M and proliferation inhibition by adenovirus-expressed mitofusin-2 gene in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Neoplasma 2014; 60:620-6. [DOI: 10.4149/neo_2013_080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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230
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Wang X, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Li R, Xing W, Zhang P, Chen XQ. First-principles study of ground-state properties of U2Mo. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26974-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03841j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By means of first-principles calculations, we have systematically investigated the structural, elastic, vibrational, thermal and electronic properties of the ground-state phase for the intermetallic compound U2Mo.
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231
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Yang T, Liu X, Cheng X. Investigation on heat transfer non-uniformity in rod bundle. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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232
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Xiao Y, Wang H, Cheng X, Shen Z, Chen Y, Wu R. The temporal evolutions of Lac, Cr and NAA concentrations in whole brain hyperacute ischemia rat model detected quantitatively by HPLC. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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233
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Liu G, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang W, Cheng X. Conservative treatment of large mandibular radiolucent benign lesions: a preliminary report of enucleation and curettage with radiofrequency ablation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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234
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Liu X, Yang T, Cheng X. Development and assessment of a sub-channel code applicable for trans-critical transient of SCWR. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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235
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Liu X, Yang T, Cheng X. Thermal-hydraulic analysis of flow blockage in a supercritical water-cooled fuel bundle with sub-channel code. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2013.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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236
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Cheng X, Tang X, Wang Q, Mao X. Antibacterial effect and hydrophobicity of yak κ-casein hydrolysate and its fractions. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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237
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Jin YM, Zhao SZ, Zhang ZL, Chen Y, Cheng X, Chuai M, Liu GS, Lee K, Yang X. High Glucose Level Induces Cardiovascular Dysplasia During Early Embryo Development. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013; 121:448-54. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1349080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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238
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Shen Y, Wang P, Li Y, Ye F, Wang F, Wan X, Cheng X, Lu W, Xie X. miR-375 is upregulated in acquired paclitaxel resistance in cervical cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:92-9. [PMID: 23778521 PMCID: PMC3708577 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemo-resistance is one of the key causal factors in cancer death and emerging evidences suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) have critical roles in the regulation of chemo-sensitivity in cancers. Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women and insensitive to chemotherapy clinically. Methods: The differentially expressed miRNAs in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues were screened by using a microarray platform (μParaflo Sanger miRBase release 13.0). The expression of miR-375 was determined by stem-loop RT–PCR using 23 clinical cervical cancer samples and 2 cervical cancer cell lines. We exogenously upregulated miR-375 expression in SiHa and Caski cells using a pre-miRNA lentiviral vector transfection and observed its impact on paclitaxel sensitivity using MTS. The cells that stably overexpressed miR-375 were subcutaneously injected into mice to determine tumour growth and chemo-sensitivity in vivo. Results: Twenty-one differentially expressed miRNAs were found by miRNA microarray between pro- and post-paclitaxel cervical cancer tissues. Of those, miR-375 showed consistent high expression levels across paclitaxel-treated cervical cells and tissues. Paclitaxel induced upregulated miR-375 expression in a clear dose-dependent manner. Forced overexpression of miR-375 in cervical cancer cells decreased paclitaxel sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Collectively, our results suggest that miR-375 might be a therapeutic target in paclitaxel-resistant cervical cancer.
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Harbin AC, Bandi G, Vora AA, Cheng X, Stanford V, McGeagh K, Murdock J, Ghasemian R, Lynch J, Bedell F, Verghese M, Hwang JJ. Does pure robotic partial nephrectomy provide similar perioperative outcomes when compared to the combined laparoscopic–robotic approach? J Robot Surg 2013; 8:23-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11701-013-0414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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240
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Liu X, Fu S, Xu Z, Yang Y, Cheng X. LOCA analysis of SCWR-M with passive safety system. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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241
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Cheng X, Fu R, Gao M, Liu S, Li YQ, Song FH, Bruce I, Zhou LH, Wu W. Intrathecal application of short interfering RNA knocks down c-jun expression and augments spinal motoneuron death after root avulsion in adult rats. Neuroscience 2013; 241:268-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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242
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Ye X, Cheng X, Liu L, Zhao D, Dang Y. Blood glucose fluctuation affects skin collagen metabolism in the diabetic mouse by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase and Smad pathways. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:530-7. [PMID: 23601172 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that in mice, blood glucose fluctuations (BGF) produced more detrimental effects on skin structure and function than did diabetes alone. AIM To determine whether treatment of BGF changes the collagen metabolism in the skin of diabetic mice, and to explore its possible molecular mechanism further. METHODS The study used diabetic and BGF animal models. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and real-time PCR analysis were used to detect the expression of type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2 and MMP-13, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and Smad2/3. The activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Smad signal molecules were also detected by western blotting, and the skin fibroblast ultrastructure was examined using an electron microscope. RESULTS BGF treatment produced a twofold reduction in type I collagen synthesis compared with diabetes-only mice. Expression of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-13 increased markedly in the BGF-treated mice, but TIMP-1 expression was strongly downregulated by the BGF treatment. There was also evidence of higher levels of apoptosis of skin fibroblasts after BGF treatment. CONCLUSIONS BGF treatment can affect collagen production in the skin of diabetic BGF mice by inhibiting collagen synthesis and increasing collagen degradation. Furthermore, both MAPK and Smad signalling pathways seem to play a role in the inhibition of collagen production in diabetic mice treated with BGF.
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Burdorf L, Rybak E, Riner A, Zhang T, Cheng X, Braileanu G, Phelps C, Ayares D, Azimzadeh A, Pierson R. Thrombin Generation and Platelet Activation in a Xenogenic Lung Perfusion Model Determine Survival of GalTKO.hCD46 Lungs. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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244
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Budorf L, Rybak E, Zhang T, Riner A, Braileanu G, Cheng X, Phelps C, Ayares D, Azimzadeh A, Pierson III R. Human EPCR Expression in GalTKO.hCD46 Lungs Extends Survival Time and Lowers PVR in a Xenogenic Lung Perfusion Model. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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245
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Ding M, Zeng J, Sroussi H, Yu J, Xu J, Cheng X, Fan Y. Interactions between Golli-MBP and Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with oral lichen planus. Oral Dis 2013; 20:205-11. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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246
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Li Y, Li F, Cheng X, Yang Y. Experimental investigation on the temperature distribution in the cavity pool of ex-vessel cooling system. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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247
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Shi T, Yang L, Yang G, Tu X, Wu X, Cheng X, Wei Q. AOSP24 DNA POLYMERASE ζ AS A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER OF CHEMORADIATION RESISTANCE AND POOR PROGNOSIS FOR CERVICAL CANCER. Eur J Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(13)70035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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248
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Peng L, Zhang L, Cheng X, Fan LS, Hao HQ. Disruption of cellulose synthesis by 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile affects the structure of the cytoskeleton and cell wall construction in Arabidopsis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:405-14. [PMID: 22759307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is the major component of plant cell walls and is an important source of industrial raw material. Although cellulose biosynthesis is one of the most important biochemical processes in plant biology, the regulatory mechanisms of cellulose synthesis are still unclear. Here, we report that 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB), an inhibitor of cellulose synthesis, inhibits Arabidopsis root development in a dose- and time-dependent manner. When treated with DCB, the plant cell wall showed altered cellulose distribution and intensity, as shown by calcofluor white and S4B staining. Moreover, pectin deposition was reduced in the presence of DCB when immunostained with the monoclonal antibody JIM5, which was raised against pectin epitopes. This result was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Confocal microscopy revealed that the organisation of the microtubule cytoskeleton was significantly disrupted in the presence of low concentrations of DCB, whereas the actin cytoskeleton only showed changes with the application of high DCB concentrations. In addition, the subcellular dynamics of Golgi bodies labelled with N-ST-YFP and TGN labelled with VHA-a1-GFP were both partially blocked by DCB. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the cell wall structure was affected by DCB, as were the Golgi bodies. Scanning electron microscopy showed changes in the organisation of cellulose microfibrils. These results suggest that the inhibition of cellulose synthesis by DCB not only induced changes in the chemical composition of the root cell wall and cytoskeleton structure, but also changed the distribution of cellulose microfibrils, implying that cellulose plays an important role in root development in Arabidopsis.
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Wang Y, Zhu W, Cheng X, Li D. 3D position estimation using an artificial neural network for a continuous scintillator PET detector. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:1375-90. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/5/1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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250
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Cheng X, Qin L, Zhong QQ, Huang SF, Li ZJ. Temperature and boundary influence on cement hydration monitoring using embedded piezoelectric transducers. ULTRASONICS 2013; 53:412-416. [PMID: 22892316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the hydration process was monitored using embedded ultrasonic transducers. It was found that the ultrasonic amplitude decreased and fluctuated at the very early age, several hours after the beginning of fast hydration. The embedded transducers are very different from the surface coupled ones for they were directly influenced by the cement paste, such as the varying temperature and the boundary condition. Experiments were carried out to find out which factor result in such decrease and fluctuation. Test results showed that both the temperature and boundary conditions affect the ultrasonic measurement. When the hydration progressed under constant temperature, the amplitude of the ultrasonic wave decreased smoothly during certain period. When the hardened specimen was tested, it was found that the amplitude would decrease obviously with the increasing of temperature and vice versa. The findings could be used to interpret the amplitude plot obtained in the normal hydration monitoring using embedded transducers.
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