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Zhan X, Lin N, Zhang HW, Gao XL, Qiu WJ, Han LS, Ye J, Gu XF. [Blood 7-ketocholesterol level, clinical features and gene mutation analysis of 18 children with Niemann-Pick disease type C]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016; 54:419-23. [PMID: 27256227 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) level in the blood, clinical features and gene mutation of Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC). METHOD Eighteen patients diagnosed as NPC in Shanghai Xinhua Hospital seen from February 2013 to October 2014 were enrolled in this study. They included 13 males and 5 females and aged from 5 months to 21 years. The plasma 7-KC concentrations, clinical features and gene mutations of NPC patients were reviewed retrospectively. RESULT Fourteen NPC patients had neurological symptoms with the age of neurological onset from 1 year to 16 years. In seven cases the disease was early-infantile subtype, in 1 late-infantile subtype, in five juvenile subtype and in one adult subtype. The 7-KC value in the plasma of NPC patients was higher than the normal range, (348.5±168.7) μg/L in the early-infantile subtype, 150.6 μg/L in the late-infantile subtype, (145.0±46.3) μg/L in the juvenile subtype, and 32.0 μg/L in the adult subtype, respectively, additionally, four NPC patients had no observable neuropsychiatric disability when confirmed to be NPC by genetic testing, with the plasma 7-KC value (345.6±134.2) μg/L; 16 of 18 patients had splenomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly. Among 18 patients, 34 different mutations in the NPC1 gene were identified including 27 reported mutations, 1 novel small deletion 3609_3610delAC, five novel exonic point mutations, c. 3683T>C(M1228T), c. 3679A>T(R1227W), c. 1070C>T(S357L), c. 1456A>C(N486H) and c. 1142G>A(W381X) and 1 novel intronic mutation c. 881+ 3A>G. CONCLUSION The 7-KC levels in the blood of patient was remarkably increased, and there was a tendency that 7-KC levels inversely correlated with the age of neurological onset. Most NPC patient had splenomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly. Among 18 patients, 34 different mutations in the NPC1 gene were identified including seven novel mutations, which enriched the gene mutation spectrum.
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Gu XF. [Efforts to improve the quality of neonatal screening, diagnosis and treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016; 54:401-403. [PMID: 27256223 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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103
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Fu C, Xie B, Zhang S, Wang J, Luo S, Zheng H, Su J, Hu X, Chen R, Fan X, Luo J, Gu X, Chen S. Mutation screening of the TPO gene in a cohort of 192 Chinese patients with congenital hypothyroidism. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010719. [PMID: 27173810 PMCID: PMC4874165 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Defects in the human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene are reported to be one of the causes of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) due to dyshormonogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the TPO mutation spectrum and prevalence among patients with CH in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China and to define the relationships between TPO genotypes and clinical phenotypes. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 192 patients with CH in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes. All exons of the 10 common CH-associated genes including TPO together with their exon-intron boundaries were screened by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The effect of the novel TPO mutation was investigated by 'in silico' studies. RESULTS NGS analysis of TPO in 192 patients with CH revealed 3 different variations in 2 individuals (2/192, 1%). Sequencing other CH candidate genes in the patients with TPO variants revealed that patient 1 was homozygous for c.2422delT TPO mutation combined with double heterozygous DUOX2 pathogenic variants (p.R683L/p.L1343F) and patient 2 was triallelic for TPO pathogenic variants (p.R648Q/p.T561M/p.T561M). The present study identified a novel TPO variation c.1682C>T/p.T561M; and four known mutations: c.2422delT/p.C808Afs×24 and c.1943C>T/p.R648Q in TPO, c.2048G>T/p.R683L and c.4027C>T/p.L1343F in DUOX2. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that the prevalence of TPO mutations was 1% among studied Chinese patients with CH. More than two variations in one or more CH-associated genes can be found in a single patient, and may, in combination, affect the phenotype of the individual. A novel TPO variation c.1682C>T/p.T561M was found, thereby expanding the mutational spectrum of the gene.
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Huang Z, Ye J, Han L, Qiu W, Zhang H, Yu Y, Liang L, Gong Z, Gu X. Identification of five novel STAR variants in ten Chinese patients with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia. Steroids 2016; 108:85-91. [PMID: 26827627 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (CLAH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by defective synthesis of all steroids. This disorder is characterized by 46,XY sex reversal, skin hyperpigmentation, early-onset adrenal crisis and enlarged adrenal with fatty accumulation. CLAH is caused by mutations in the STAR gene. The clinical features and STAR gene mutation spectrum of a large cohort of Chinese patients with CLAH were not reported previously. We performed clinical retrospective review and genetic analysis of the STAR gene in ten unrelated Chinese phenotypic female patients who were clinically diagnosed with CLAH and followed up in our hospital from 2006 to 2015. All ten patients, including two 46,XY females and eight 46,XX females, presented skin hyperpigmentation and early salt-wasting episode, and showed normal growth and development after steroid replacement treatment. Totally 20 mutant alleles containing 11 different STAR gene mutations were identified in these ten patients, including five novel variants (two missense and three null variants), all predicted to be pathogenic in bioinformatics analysis, and six mutations described in previous literature. Among these 11 mutations, a reported mutation c.772C>T and a novel variant c.707_708delinsCTT were most frequent, accounting for 35% and 15% of the total mutant alleles, respectively. This is the first report of a large Chinese cohort with CLAH, presenting the mutation spectrum of the STAR gene and two possible founder mutations in the Chinese population, which may contribute to better genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/diagnosis
- Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/genetics
- Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/therapy
- Asian People/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/chemistry
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY/diagnosis
- Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY/genetics
- Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY/therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Mutation, Missense
- Protein Conformation
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Wang R, Yu Y, Ye J, Han L, Qiu W, Zhang H, Liang L, Gong Z, Wang L, Gu X. 21-hydroxylase deficiency-induced congenital adrenal hyperplasia in 230 Chinese patients: Genotype-phenotype correlation and identification of nine novel mutations. Steroids 2016; 108:47-55. [PMID: 26804566 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) caused by the CYP21A2 gene mutations accounts for more than 90% of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) cases. In this study, molecular defects of 230 patients with 21-OHD were investigated. Point mutations of CYP21A2 gene were analyzed by Sanger sequencing, and large gene deletions were detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Nine micro-conversions and 18 spontaneous mutations accounted for 74.6% of alleles, while large gene deletions and large gene conversions accounted for 25.4% of alleles. The most frequent micro-conversion was c.292-13A/C>G (I2G) (35%), followed by p.I173N (14.3%), p.R357W (5.9%) and p.Q319* (4.6%). Nine novel mutations were identified in these patients, which were predicted to hamper the 21-hydroxylase protein function in varying degrees. Genotype and phenotype correlated well in 89.6% of our patients, but disparity in phenotypic appearance also appeared in a small portion of the patients. 16.1% of the patients carried homozygous genotypes while 83.9% of patients carried compound heterozygous mutations. We concluded that the frequency of CYP21A2 mutations in our study was slightly different from those reported for other ethnic groups. Micro-conversions were the main category of the mutation spectrum, while large deletions and large gene conversions could also cause 21-OHD. A large portion of different types of the compound heterozygous genotypes may partially contribute to the discordance in genotype-phenotype comparison. This study expanded the CYP21A2 mutation spectrum of Chinese patients and could be helpful in prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling for 21-OHD patients.
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Chang G, Yang R, Cao Y, Nie A, Gu X, Zhang H. SIDT2 is involved in the NAADP-mediated release of calcium from insulin secretory granules. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:249-59. [PMID: 26744456 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Sidt2 global knockout mouse (Sidt2(-/-)) has impaired insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to assess the role of SIDT2 protein in glucose-induced insulin secretion in primary cultured mouse β-cells. The major metabolic and electrophysiological steps of glucose-induced insulin secretion of primary cultured β-cells from Sidt2(-/-) mice were investigated. The β-cells from Sidt2(-/-) mice had normal NAD(P)H responses and KATP and KV currents. However, they exhibited a lower [Ca(2+)]i peak height when stimulated with 20mM glucose compared with those from WT mice. Furthermore, it took a longer time for the [Ca(2+)]i of β-cell from Sidt2(-/-) mice to reach the peak. Pretreatment with ryanodine or 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) did not change [Ca(2+)]i the response pattern to glucose in Sidt2(-/-) cells. Extraordinarily, pretreatment with bafilomycin A1(Baf-A1) led to a comparable [Ca(2+)]i increase pattern between these two groups, suggesting that calcium traffic from the intracellular acidic compartment is defective in Sidt2(-/-) β-cells. Bath-mediated application of 50nM nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) normalized the [Ca(2+)]i response of Sidt2(-/-) β-cells. Finally, glucose-induced CD38 expression increased to a comparable level between Sidt2(-/-) and WT islets, suggesting that Sidt2(-/-) islets generated NAADP normally. We conclude that Sidt2 is involved in NAADP-mediated release of calcium from insulin secretory granules and thus regulates insulin secretion.
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107
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Hu X, Chen R, Fu C, Fan X, Wang J, Qian J, Yi S, Li C, Luo J, Su J, Zhang S, Xie B, Zheng H, Lai Y, Chen Y, Li H, Gu X, Chen S, Shen Y. Thyroglobulin gene mutations in Chinese patients with congenital hypothyroidism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 423:60-6. [PMID: 26777470 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in Thyroglobulin (TG) are common genetic causes of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). But the TG mutation spectrum and its frequency in Chinese CH patients have not been investigated. Here we conducted a genetic screening of TG gene in a cohort of 382 Chinese CH patients. We identified 22 rare non-polymorphic variants including six truncating variants and 16 missense variants of unknown significance (VUS). Seven patients carried homozygous pathogenic variants, and three patients carried homozygous or compound heterozygous VUS. 48 out of 382 patients carried one of 18 heterozygous VUS which is significantly more often than their occurrences in control cohort (P < 0.0001). Unique to Asian population, the c.274+2T>G variant is the most common pathogenic variant with an allele frequency of 0.021. The prevalence of CH due to TG gene defect in Chinese population was estimated to be approximately 1/101,000. Our study uncovered ethnicity specific TG mutation spectrum and frequency.
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108
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Hu G, Fan Y, Wang L, Yao RE, Huang X, Shen Y, Yu Y, Gu X. Copy number variations in 119 Chinese children with idiopathic short stature identified by the custom genome-wide microarray. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:16. [PMID: 26884814 PMCID: PMC4755006 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic short stature (ISS) refers to short stature with no evident etiologies. The custom genome-wide microarray specifically designed to cover height-related genes may be helpful to detect copy number variations (CNVs) in ISS patients, which may be missed by the general microarray. The aim of the study was to validate the applicability of the custom microarray and to analyze CNVs in Chinese ISS children. Results Sixty non-polymorphic CNVs were identified in 119 ISS patients. There were 13 small CNVs with a size below 50 kb, accounting for 21.7 % of all the CNVs (13/60). Five pathogenic or possibly pathogenic CNVs were detected in five patients, including deletions at 22q11.21, duplications at 4q11-q13.1, 4q12 and Yp11.32-p11.2. Taking only the pathogenic variants into account, the diagnostic yield was 2.5 % (3/119). The TMEM165, POLR2B and PDGFRA genes were analyzed as candidate genes. A 15 kb deletion in the RASA2 gene was of interest for further investigation. Conclusions This study showed that the custom microarray is applicable to detect CNVs in patients with short stature. Candidate genes and CNVs detected in ISS patients may be helpful for CNV analysis of short stature, especially in East Asian population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-016-0225-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Liu H, Tan D, Han L, Ye J, Qiu W, Gu X, Zhang H. A new case of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency with mild clinical features. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170A:1347-51. [PMID: 26858006 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency is an extremely rare autosomal recessive inborn error of fatty acid metabolism. It usually follows a severe disease course and presents poor prognosis without treatment. Here, we report an affected female juvenile with a mild clinical and biochemical phenotype who mainly featured poor schooling without cardiomyopathy and metabolic acidosis. She was suspected of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency due to a 57-kb deletion in 16q23.3 encompassing the MLCYD gene revealed by chromosome microarray. Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency was then confirmed by acylcarnitine analysis and organic acid analysis. Real-time PCR analysis of the patient revealed the first three exon deletion of the MLYCD gene, which was maternally inherited. DNA sequencing of the MLYCD gene of the patient identified a novel heterozygous mutation (c.911G>A, p.G304E) in exon 4 that was paternally inherited. The patient urine malonic acid dissolved and had a better school record in 6 month after initiation of fat-limited diet. At 1 year post treatment, the blood malonylcarnitine level decreased remarkably. Our result expands the phenotype of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency and suggests attentions should be paid to the mild form of disorders, for example, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, which usually present a severe disease course.
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110
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Chen X, Qiu W, Ye J, Han L, Gu X, Zhang H. Demographic characteristics and distribution of lysosomal storage disorder subtypes in Eastern China. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:345-9. [PMID: 26740238 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of >50 different types of inherited metabolic disorders that result from defects in the lysosome. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and demographic characteristics of the different subtypes of LSDs in Eastern China. From 2006 to 2012, 376 out of 1331 clinically suspected patients were diagnosed with 17 different subtypes of LSDs at our hospital. Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) were the most common group of LSDs (50.5%), followed by sphingolipidoses (25.4%) and Pompe disease (19.8%). Mucolipidosis type II/III accounted for the remaining 4% of diagnosed LSDs. MPS II was the most common form of MPS, comprising 47.4% of all MPS cases diagnosed, followed by MPS IVA (26.8%) and MPS I (16.3%). Gaucher disease and Niemann-Pick disease type A/B were the two most common forms of sphingolipidoses. There was a large variation in the time between disease onset and eventual diagnosis, from 0.3 years in infantile-onset Pompe disease to 30 years in Fabry disease, highlighting timely and accurate diagnosis of LSDs as the main challenge in China.
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111
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Fan Y, Qiu W, Wang L, Gu X, Yu Y. Exonic deletions ofAUTS2in Chinese patients with developmental delay and intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:515-522. [PMID: 26545289 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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112
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Zhang H, Yang R, Wang Y, Ye J, Han L, Qiu W, Gu X. A pilot study of gene testing of genetic bone dysplasia using targeted next-generation sequencing. J Hum Genet 2015; 60:769-76. [PMID: 26377240 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis of genetic bone dysplasia is challenging for non-expert. A targeted next-generation sequencing technology was applied to identify the underlying molecular mechanism of bone dysplasia and evaluate the contribution of these genes to patients with bone dysplasia encountered in pediatric endocrinology. A group of unrelated patients (n=82), characterized by short stature, dysmorphology and X-ray abnormalities, of which mucopolysacharidoses, GM1 gangliosidosis, mucolipidosis type II/III and achondroplasia owing to FGFR3 G380R mutation had been excluded, were recruited in this study. Probes were designed to 61 genes selected according to the nosology and classification of genetic skeletal disorders of 2010 by Illumina's online DesignStudio software. DNA was hybridized with probes and then a library was established following the standard Illumina protocols. Amplicon library was sequenced on a MiSeq sequencing system and the data were analyzed by MiSeq Reporter. Mutations of 13 different genes were found in 44 of the 82 patients (54%). Mutations of COL2A1 gene and PHEX gene were found in nine patients, respectively (9/44=20%), followed by COMP gene in 8 (18%), TRPV4 gene in 4 (9%), FBN1 gene in 4 (9%), COL1A1 gene in 3 (6%) and COL11A1, TRAPPC2, MATN3, ARSE, TRPS1, SMARCAL1, ENPP1 gene mutations in one patient each (2% each). In conclusion, mutations of COL2A1, PHEX and COMP gene are common for short stature due to bone dysplasia in outpatient clinics in pediatric endocrinology. Targeted next-generation sequencing is an efficient way to identify the underlying molecular mechanism of genetic bone dysplasia.
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113
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Zhang H, Huang Y, Gu X. [Application of dried blood spot method in screening Gaucher's disease]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2015; 53:552-554. [PMID: 26310652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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114
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Han L, Wu S, Han F, Gu X. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of methylmalonic acidemia using microarray technology. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:8866-8879. [PMID: 26309541 PMCID: PMC4538064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is widely considered as an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that results in accumulation of high levels of methylmalonic acid and eventually brain damage. This study aims to investigate the effects of methylmalonic acid on neurons and analyze various gene expression profiles in rat cortical neurons treated with methylmalonic acid in order to understand the effects of MMA. High concentrations of methylmalonic acid could significantly alter the morphology of rat cortical neurons, attenuate cell viability and aggravate cell apoptosis. Moreover, 564 differentially expressed genes were identified by microarray analysis. A considerable number of these genes were apoptosis-related genes. Enrichment analysis of the apoptosis-related genes revealed that the MAPK and p53 signaling pathways may be involved in the pathogenesis of MMA. Our results together reveal that methylmalonic acid plays a critical role in neuron damage and that the MAPK and p53 signaling pathways may be involved in the mechanism of MMA.
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Han L, Wu S, Ye J, Qiu W, Zhang H, Gao X, Wang Y, Gong Z, Jin J, Gu X. Biochemical, molecular and outcome analysis of eight chinese asymptomatic individuals with methyl malonic acidemia detected through newborn screening. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2300-5. [PMID: 25982642 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methyl malonic academia (MMA) is characterized by abnormal accumulation of methyl malonic acid in body fluids. Patients usually have a variety of clinical symptoms including recurrent vomiting, metabolic acidosis, developmental delay, seizure, or death. However, a few cases where the patients have no symptom are also reported. Here, we conducted clinical, biochemical, and molecular analysis of eight Chinese patients identified through newborn screening between 2003 and 2013. All the patients had significantly higher blood propionylcarnitine (C3) concentrations, ratio of propionylcarnitine/acetylcarnitine (C3/C2); and their urine methyl malonic acid and methylcitric acid (MCA) excretions were remarkably higher than normal at diagnosis and during follow-ups. In addition, five different known mutations were identified in seven of the eight patients in either MUT or MMACHC. All these mutations were expected to produce defective proteins that would result in decreased or even total loss of methyl malonyl-CoA mutase activity. However, normal outcomes were found in all patients in physical growth, intellectual performance and cerebral MRI analysis at diagnosis (range, 14-53 days) and during follow-ups (range, 1.8-10 years). Our study is the first report of Chinese MMA patients with increased secretion of methyl malonic acid and molecular defects in MUT or MMACHC yet remain asymptomatic.
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Gong Z, Yu Y, Zhang Q, Gu X. [Molecular and prenatal diagnosis of a family with Fanconi anemia by next generation sequencing]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE YI CHUAN XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA YIXUE YICHUANXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 32:204-7. [PMID: 25863087 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide prenatal diagnosis for a pregnant woman who had given birth to a child with Fanconi anemia with combined next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing. METHODS For the affected child, potential mutations of the FANCA gene were analyzed with NGS. Suspected mutation was verified with Sanger sequencing. For prenatal diagnosis, genomic DNA was extracted from cultured fetal amniotic fluid cells and subjected to analysis of the same mutations. RESULTS A low-frequency frameshifting mutation c.989_995del7 (p.H330LfsX2, inherited from his father) and a truncating mutation c.3971C>T (p.P1324L, inherited from his mother) have been identified in the affected child and considered to be pathogenic. The two mutations were subsequently verified by Sanger sequencing. Upon prenatal diagnosis, the fetus was found to carry two mutations. CONCLUSION The combined next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing can reduce the time for diagnosis and identify subtypes of Fanconi anemia and the mutational sites, which has enabled reliable prenatal diagnosis of this disease.
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Gu XF, Huo J, Wang RT, Wu DC, Yan YL. Synergism in Mixed Zwitterionic Surface Activity Ionic Liquid and Anionic Surfactant Solution: Analysis of Interfacial and Micellar Behavior. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.901915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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118
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Gu XF, Dong YH, Yao HH, Zhou XL, Qi XY, Lin ZH. Microsatellite marker analysis reveals the distinction between the north and south groups of hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) in China. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2015; 14:1210-9. [PMID: 25730059 DOI: 10.4238/2015.february.6.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Meretrix meretrix is one of the important commercial bivalves in China. A total of 198 individual clams were collected from 5 locations characteristic of the clam's 5 main natural habitats in China, that is, Shandong, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi. Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers were selected to examine the genetic diversity and identify genetic differences between the 5 populations. A total of 183 alleles across 10 loci were detected in the individual clams. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.197 to 0.7026 and from 0.6264 to 0.9408, respectively. The genetic diversity within samples was high (8.6-11.2 alleles per locus, observed heterozygosity = 0.25-0.875 and expected heterozygosity = 0.6848-0.9259). Most of the genotype distributions significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genetic structure analysis showed that the 5 populations could be divided into 2 groups, the north and south groups. Neighbor-joining analysis revealed a clear distinction between the north group (Shandong and Jiangsu) and the south group (Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi). Locus MM1031 was used to distinguish between groups. Our results can be used for population identification and crossbreeding of M. meretrix.
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119
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Yang R, Tan D, Wang Y, Ye J, Han L, Qiu W, Gu X, Zhang H. [Three Chinese children with Niemann-Pick disease type C with neonatal cholestasis as initial presentation]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2015; 53:57-61. [PMID: 25748406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical characteristics of three Chinese cases of Niemann-Pick disease type C patients with neonatal cholestasis as initial presentation, and enhance awareness of Niemann-Pick disease type C among pediatricians. METHOD Three sporadic cases with confirmed Niemann-Pick disease type C initially presented as neonatal cholestasis were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Their peripheral blood specimens were collected after obtaining informed consent. All exons and the intron-exon boundaries of NPC1 gene were examined by bi-directional sequencing. RESULT Three patients, 1 female and 2 males, aged from 2 months to 5 years and 10 months, all first complained of jaundice in the neonatal period. Laboratory tests showed total bilirubin and direct bilirubin significantly increased with predominant increase of direct bilirubin. Total bile acid, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also increased, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased. All patients were also accompanied by hepatosplenomegaly, with two of them having increased bronchovascular markings in chest X-ray. Two heterozygous changes of NPC1 gene, c.2741G>T +c.3020C>G (p. C914F + p. P1007R), c.2177G>C + c.3734_ 3735delCT (p.R726T + p. P1245RfsX12), and c.2054T>C + c.2128C>T(p.I685T + p.Q710X), were identified in patient 1, 2 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSION We reported three cases suffered from Niemann-Pick disease type C with initial presentation as neonatal cholestasis in the mainland of China. For newborns with prolonged jaundice in the neonatal period, as well as neonatal cholestasis, hepatosplenomegaly, Niemann-Pick type C should be included in consideration of differential diagnosis. Genetic testing can identify causative mutations for diagnosis.
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Zhao Z, Sun C, Wang C, Li P, Wang W, Ye J, Gu X, Wang X, Shen S, Zhi D, Lu Z, Ye R, Cheng R, Xi L, Li X, Zheng Z, Zhang M, Luo F. Rapidly rising incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in Chinese population: epidemiology in Shanghai during 1997-2011. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:947-53. [PMID: 24777734 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate incidence trend of childhood type 1 diabetes in Shanghai, a megalopolis in east China. We established a population-based retrospective registry for the disease in the city's registered population during 1997-2011 and collected 622 incident type 1 diabetes in children aged 0-14 years. Standardized incidence rates and 95 % CI were estimated by applying the capture-recapture method and assuming Poisson distribution. Incidence trend was analyzed using the Poisson regression model. The mean annual incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes was 3.1 per 100,000 person-years. We did not observe significant difference in incidence between boys and girls. The incidence is unstable and had a mean annual increase 14.2 % per year during the studied period. A faster annual increase was observed in boys, warmer seasons, and in the outer regions of the city. If present trends continue, the number of new type 1 diabetes cases will double from 2016 to 2020, and prevalent cases will sextuple by 2025. Our results showed the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes was rising rapidly in Shanghai. More studies are needed to analyze incidence changes in other regions of China for appropriate allocation of healthcare resources.
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Zhong ZX, Li B, Li CR, Zhang QF, Liu ZD, Zhang PF, Gu XF, Luo H, Li MJ, Luo HS, Ye GH, Wen FL. Role of chemokines in promoting instability of coronary atherosclerotic plaques and the underlying molecular mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 48:161-6. [PMID: 25424368 PMCID: PMC4321222 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the role of chemokines in promoting instability of
coronary atherosclerotic plaques and the underlying molecular mechanism. Coronary
angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) were performed in 60 stable angina
pectoris (SAP) patients and 60 unstable angina pectoris (UAP) patients. The
chemotactic activity of monocytes in the 2 groups of patients was examined in
Transwell chambers. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), monocyte
chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation in normal T-cell expressed
and secreted (RANTES), and fractalkine in serum were examined with ELISA kits, and
expression of MCP-1, RANTES, and fractalkine mRNA was examined with real-time PCR. In
the SAP group, 92 plaques were detected with IVUS. In the UAP group, 96 plaques were
detected with IVUS. The plaques in the UAP group were mainly lipid 51.04% (49/96) and
the plaques in the SAP group were mainly fibrous 52.17% (48/92). Compared with the
SAP group, the plaque burden and vascular remodeling index in the UAP group were
significantly greater than in the SAP group (P<0.01). Chemotactic activity and the
number of mobile monocytes in the UAP group were significantly greater than in the
SAP group (P<0.01). Concentrations of hs-CRP, MCP-1, RANTES, and fractalkine in
the serum of the UAP group were significantly higher than in the serum of the SAP
group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and expression of MCP-1, RANTES, and fractalkine mRNA
was significantly higher than in the SAP group (P<0.05). MCP-1, RANTES, and
fractalkine probably promote instability of coronary atherosclerotic plaque.
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Han F, Han L, Ye J, Qiu W, Zhang H, Gao X, Wang Y, Gong Z, Jin J, Gu X. [Clinical characteristics and analysis of mass spectrometric data in patients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2014; 94:2684-2686. [PMID: 25511598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical manifestations and biochemical characteristics of patients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) so as to increase the clinician awareness for this disease. METHODS The clinical manifestations, blood ammonia levels, citrulline levels, urinary orotic acid and uracil levels were analyzed for 40 patients with OTCD from 2005 to 2013. And comparisons were made with 25 healthy children. RESULTS Among them, the median age of onset was 1.4 years (3 days-29 years). The major clinical manifestations were feeding difficulties, persistent vomiting, convulsions, unconsciousness and hyperammonemia, etc. The blood levels of citrulline in these patients were significantly lower than those of the control group (6.35 (1.84-21.11) vs 13.65 (10.23-24.52) µmol/L, P < 0.05) . The urinary levels of orotic acid and uracil in these patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (167.77 (1.21-1 650.45) vs 0.25 (0-2.32) mmol/molCr, 52.67 (3.50-338.64) vs 0.69 (0-2.87) mmol/molCr, P < 0.05) . CONCLUSION For patients with hyperammonemia, the decreased levels of citrulline in blood tested by tandem mass spectrometry and increased orotic acid and uracil in urine on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry may aid the diagnosis OTCD.
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Han L, Wang F, Wang Y, Ye J, Qiu W, Zhang H, Gao X, Gong Z, Gu X. Analysis of genetic mutations in Chinese patients with systemic primary carnitine deficiency. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:571-5. [PMID: 25132046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic primary carnitine deficiency (CDSP) is caused by mutations in SLC22A5 gene, which encodes organic cation transporter 2(OCTN2). CDSP leads to skeletal or cardiac myopathy and hepatic encephalopathy. The present study aimed to identify SLC22A5 gene mutations and analyze the potential relationship between genotype and clinical symptoms in 20 Chinese patients with CDSP. The complete coding region of the SLC22A5 gene including intron-exon boundaries were amplified and sequenced in all patients. Eighteen different mutations were found; of which, nine were novel. The mutations clustering in exons 1 and 4 accounted for 66.7% of all mutant alleles (26/39). The c.760C>T (p. R254X) was the most frequent mutation (25.6%, 10/39), suggesting it as an ethnic founder mutation. The relationship between genotype and phenotype was investigated in patients carrying the R254X mutation. Homozygous patients with R254X were late-onset cases who presented with dilated cardiomyopathy and muscle weakness after 1 year of age. Compound heterozygous patients carrying R254X, combined with other missense mutations occurred in very specific positions, dramatically altered OCTN2 protein function. Based on the analysis of case studies, a clear relationship between free carnitine (C0) level in plasma and OCTN2 genotype was not found in the present work, however, the low plasma C0 level could not indicate disease severity or genotype. Further functional studies with a large sample size are required to understand the relationship between R254X mutation and CDSP.
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Gu X, Wu Y, Zhang L, Liu Y, Li Y, Yan Y, Wu D. Hybrid magnetic nanoparticle/nanogold clusters and their distance-dependent metal-enhanced fluorescence effect via DNA hybridization. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8681-8693. [PMID: 24948371 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To improve the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) effect of nanogolds (AuNPs) and accurately detect specific DNA sequences via DNA hybridization, novel hybrid magnetic nanoparticles/nanogold clusters (HMNCs) were designed based on finite-difference time-domain simulation results and prepared by using Fe3O4 and nanogolds. The nanogolds outside the HMNC were then conjugated with thiol-terminated DNA molecules, thus DNA modified-HMNCs (DNA-HMNCs) were obtained. The size distributions of these nanostructures were measured by a Malvern size analyzer, and their morphology was observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ultraviolet (UV)-visible (vis) absorption spectra of the samples were recorded with a UV-2600 spectrophotometer. Fluorescence spectra and the MEF effect were recorded using a spectrophotofluorometer, and lifetimes were determined using a time-correlated single photon counting apparatus. The prepared HMNCs were stable in aqueous solutions and had an average diameter of 87 ± 3.2 nm, with six to eight AuNPs around a single Fe3O4 nanoparticle. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) tagged DNA-HMNC conjugates exhibited a significant MEF effect and could accurately detect specific DNA sequences after DNA hybridization. This result indicates their various potential applications in sensors and biomedical fields.
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Tan D, Zhang Y, Ye J, Han L, Qiu W, Gu X, Zhang H. [Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency: a case of autosomal recessive dopa-responsive dystonia]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2014; 52:616-619. [PMID: 25224241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical characteristics of the patient with tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency, and investigate it's molecular mechanism. METHOD The clinical characteristics of a patient with tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency were summarized and analyzed, his and his family's peripheral blood specimens were collected after informed consent was signed. All exons and the intron-exon boundaries of guanosine triphosphate hydroxylase I gene, tyrosine hydroxylase gene and sepiapterin reductase gene were examined by DNA-PCR, bi-directional sequencing. RESULT The patient was a 3-year-old boy, presented with unexplained dystonia for 3 years, without significant impairment of intelligence. Physical examination showed limb muscle strength grade V, rigidity of extremities, hypertonicity, brisk deep tendon reflexes in limbs, without obvious abnormalities in auxiliary examination, such as brain MRI, hepatic biochemical panel, creatine kinase, and ceruloplasmin. He dramatically responded to small doses of levodopa in the follow-up for half a year. A homozygous missense change in exon 5 of TH gene, c.605G > A (p.R202H), which was a known pathogenic mutation, was found in the patient. His parents were heterozygous for the R202H mutation. CONCLUSION The age of onset in tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency patients is usually within the first year of life. Unexplained dystonia and hypokinesia were the main clinical features of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. The dopa-responsive effects for some patients are so obvious that we should strengthen awareness of the disease. TH gene c.605G > A (p.R202H) may be a common type of causative mutations for the mild form at home and abroad.
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