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Wang SE, Yu Y, Criswell TL, Debusk LM, Lin PC, Zent R, Johnson DH, Ren X, Arteaga CL. Oncogenic mutations regulate tumor microenvironment through induction of growth factors and angiogenic mediators. Oncogene 2010; 29:3335-48. [PMID: 20383197 PMCID: PMC2883631 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of HER2 (ErbB2) have been identified in human cancers. Compared to wild-type HER2, mutant HER2 shows constitutively activate kinase activity and increased oncogenicity. Cells transformed by mutant HER2 are resistant to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and exhibit an attenuated response to the HER2 antibody trastuzumab. We investigated herein pathways through which mutant HER2 alters the extracellular environment, potentially leading to drug resistance and the effect of simultaneously targeting HER2 and the tumor cell microenvironment with a therapeutic intent. Expression of mutant HER2 in mammary epithelial cells activated autocrine transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 signaling through a mechanism involving Rac1 and JNK-AP1-dependent transcription. Cells transformed by an activating mutant of H-Ras (G12V) also expressed higher TGF-β1 level through Rac1 activation. In addition, mutant HER2 induced the EGFR ligands TGF-α and amphiregulin at the mRNA and protein levels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a target of the TGF-β-Smad transcriptional regulation, was also induced as a result of expression of mutant HER2. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling with the Alk5 small molecule inhibitor LY2109761 reduced growth and invasiveness of cells expressing mutant HER2. Combined inhibition of intracellular and paracrine effects of mutant HER2 by trastuzumab and the EGFR antibody cetuximab was more efficient than single-agent therapies. These data suggest that mutations in oncogenes such as HER2 and Ras not only alter intracellular signaling and also influence on other components of the tumor microenvironment by inducing several pro-invasive growth factors. In turn, these serve as extracellular targets of novel therapeutic strategies directed at both cancer-driving oncogenes and the modified tumor microenvironment.
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Ren X, Senftleben A, Pflüger T, Holzwarth M, Dorn A, Bartschat K, Bray I, Fursa DV, Colgan J, Pindzola MS, Al-Hagan O, Madison DH, Ullrich J. Three-dimensional cross sections for electron impact ionization of atoms and molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/212/1/012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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203
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Ren X, Fowlkes C, Malik J. Familiar configuration enables figure/ground assignment in natural scenes. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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204
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Ren X, Malik J. The ecological statistics of good continuation: multi-scale Markov models for contours. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/2.7.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Ren X, Song X, Yu T, Lu H, Wang P, Wang J, Zheng XD. Control of postharvest decay on cherry tomatoes by marine yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenum and calcium chloride. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:651-656. [PMID: 20202023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, the potential of calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) application to improve the efficacy of the marine antagonist Rhodosporidium paludigenum in controlling postharvest diseases of cherry tomatoes was assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS CaCl(2) alone was found not to have any direct influence on the population growth of R. paludigenum in NYDB cultures or in cherry tomato wounds. However, the combined treatments with 1 x 10(8) cells ml(-1)R. paludigenum and CaCl(2) at the concentration from 0.5 to 2% showed high activities to reduce black rot caused by Alternaria alternata in cherry tomato wounds, significantly higher than those of R. paludigenum or CaCl(2) alone. Meanwhile, 0.5% CaCl(2) in combination with 1 x 10(8) cells ml(-1)R. paludigenum greatly inhibited the natural decay of cherry tomatoes in 21 days' storage at 25 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS The combination of R. paludigenum and CaCl(2) enhances the inhibition of black rot and natural decay of postharvest cherry tomatoes. The results from this study provide a new way to improve the efficiency of R. paludigenum in maintaining the quality of postharvest fruits and vegetables. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The marine yeast R. paludigenum combined with CaCl(2) has greatly potential use as an alternative to chemical fungicides in inhibiting postharvest decay on cherry tomatoes.
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Anghel A, Jamieson CAM, Ren X, Young J, Porche R, Ozigbo E, Ghods DE, Lee ML, Liu Y, Lutfy K, Friedman TC. Gene expression profiling following short-term and long-term morphine exposure in mice uncovers genes involved in food intake. Neuroscience 2010; 167:554-66. [PMID: 20144693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Addictive drugs including opioids activate signal transduction pathways that regulate gene expression in the brain. However, changes in CNS gene expression following morphine exposure are poorly understood. We determined changes in gene expression following short- and long-term morphine treatment in the hypothalamus and pituitary using genome-wide DNA microarray analysis and confirmed those alterations in gene expression by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. In the hypothalamus, short-term morphine administration up-regulated (at least twofold) 39 genes and down-regulated six genes. Long-term morphine treatment up-regulated 35 genes and down-regulated 51 genes. In the pituitary, short-term morphine administration up-regulated 110 genes and down-regulated 29 genes. Long-term morphine treatment up-regulated 85 genes and down-regulated 37 pituitary genes. Microarray analysis uncovered several genes involved in food intake (neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, and cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript) whose expression was strongly altered by morphine exposure in either the hypothalamus or pituitary. Subsequent RT-PCR analysis confirmed similar regulation in expression of these genes in the hypothalamus and pituitary. Finally, we found functional correlation between morphine-induced alterations in food intake and regulation of genes involved in this process. Changes in genes related to food intake may uncover new pathways related to some of the physiological effects of opioids.
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Ren X, Gershon T, Iza DC, Muñoz-Rojas D, Musselman K, Macmanus-Driscoll JL. The selective fabrication of large-area highly ordered TiO2 nanorod and nanotube arrays on conductive transparent substrates via sol-gel electrophoresis. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:365604. [PMID: 19687541 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/36/365604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Large-area free-standing arrays of TiO(2) nanorods and nanotubes were selectively synthesized on transparent conducting indium tin oxide substrates using sol-gel electrophoresis and anodic alumina (AAO) thin film templates. The effect of sol-gel ageing on the growth of TiO(2) was explained, providing a tailored ability to produce nanotubes and nanorods. An annular tungsten base electrode, stemming from the anodization of the AAO template, was found to be crucial to the growth of nanotubes. This was supported by a study of substrate annealing in a reducing atmosphere. The work can be readily adapted for the fabrication of free-standing arrays of other metal, metal oxide, and complex oxide nanorod and nanotube arrays on conducting substrates.
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Cheng M, Hua W, Chen K, Pu J, Ren X, Zhao X, Liu Z, Wang F, Chen X, Zhang S. Perioperative anticoagulation for patients with mechanic heart valve(s) undertaking pacemaker implantation. Europace 2009; 11:1183-7. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eup212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ren X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Gu W, Chen K, Le Y, Lai M, Zhu Y. Type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with increased risk for colorectal cancer: evidence from an international ecological study and population-based risk analysis in China. Public Health 2009; 123:540-4. [PMID: 19664792 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC). STUDY DESIGN An international ecological study and a population-based risk analysis. METHODS Prevalence data for T2DM and incidence data for CRC were collected from 170 countries, and Spearman's correlation was calculated between T2DM and CRC. In the Nan-Hu district of Jia-Xing city, Zhejiang province, China, the incidence of CRC among T2DM patients between 1 January 2002 and 30 June 2002 was identified through record linkage between the Diabetic Surveillance and Registry Database with the Cancer Surveillance and Registry Database. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate the risk of CRC among T2DM patients. RESULTS Significant positive correlations (r(s)=0.534 and 0.597 in males and females, respectively) were found between the prevalence of T2DM and the incidence of CRC. Sixty-four cases of CRC were found among 7938 T2DM patients. The SIR for CRC among T2DM patients was 1.588 (95% CI 1.199-1.977). For male T2DM patients, the SIR for CRC was 1.821 (95% CI 1.234-2.408), compared with 1.364 (95% CI 0.85-1.879) among female T2DM patients. Significant increased risks for colon cancer were found, with an SIR of 1.899 (95% CI 1.139-2.658) in male T2DM patients. Female T2DM patients showed a borderline significant risk for colon cancer, with an SIR of 1.687 (95% CI 0.948-2.426). However, no significant associations were found between T2DM and risk for rectal cancer among males (SIR 1.723, 95% CI 0.786-2.66) or females (SIR 0.906, 95% CI 0.235-1.578) (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS T2DM was associated with increased risk for CRC, and this association was more evident for colon cancer and among male diabetic patients.
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Kou L, Liang J, Ren X, Kocer HB, Worley SD, Tzou YM, Huang TS. Synthesis of a Water-Soluble Siloxane Copolymer and Its Application for Antimicrobial Coatings. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie8017302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wu J, Fu S, Ren X, Jin Y, Huang X, Zhang X, Bai J, Fu S. Association of MIF promoter polymorphisms with childhood asthma in a northeastern Chinese population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 73:302-6. [PMID: 19317738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in pathogenesis of asthma. A high level of MIF has been detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum and sputum in asthma. Polymorphisms associated with inflammatory diseases exist in the promoter region of MIF, which alter its expression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between functional polymorphisms of MIF and childhood asthma in a northeastern Chinese population. The study consisted of a set of 41 trios and an independent sample set of 189 childhood asthma patients and 261 healthy controls. We genotyped MIF-173G/C using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Additionally, MIF-794CATT(5-8) microsatellite polymorphism was genotyped by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). A statistically significant difference in the distribution of the MIF-173C allele between patients and controls [P = 0.01, odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-2.18] was observed. In addition, the frequency of the MIF-173CC genotype was higher in asthmatic children (P < 0.01, OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.27-8.93). No difference in the distribution of CATT(5-8) was found between patients and healthy controls. Haplotype analysis showed that only the MIFCATT(7)-173C haplotype was associated with greater susceptibility to childhood asthma (P = 0.03, OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.03-2.28). However, the transmission disequilibrium test confirmed a positive association between MIF-173G/C and childhood asthma (P = 0.005), and the absence of an association between the MIF-794CATT(5-8) and the disease. These preliminary results suggest an association between the MIF-173C allele and childhood asthma.
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Ren X, Shao H, Wei Q, Sun Z, Liu N. Advanced Glycation End-products Enhance Calcification in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Int Med Res 2009; 37:847-54. [DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), senescent macroprotein derivatives formed at an accelerated rate in diabetes, are closely associated with vascular calcification in humans. In this study, the hypothesis that AGEs enhance calcification in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was tested. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and specific protein assays, it was demonstrated that rat aortic VSMCs incubated with AGEs exhibited an increased expression of the AGE receptor (RAGE) and typical bone proteins, such as osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase. Incubation with AGEs also enhanced calcium accumulation in VSMCs in time-and dose-dependent manners. These AGEs-mediated changes in VSMCs were partially attenuated by a neutralizing antibody to RAGE. The results suggest that AGEs that accumulate in diabetes could elicit the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs, thereby contributing to vascular calcification via the RAGE pathway. Interruption of the AGE-RAGE interaction might be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to prevent diabetic vascular calcification.
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Cooper OR, Eckhardt S, Crawford JH, Brown CC, Cohen RC, Bertram TH, Wooldridge P, Perring A, Brune WH, Ren X, Brunner D, Baughcum SL. Summertime buildup and decay of lightning NOx
and aged thunderstorm outflow above North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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214
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Han X, Ren X, Jurickova I, Groschwitz K, Pasternak BA, Xu H, Wilson TA, Hogan SP, Denson LA. Regulation of intestinal barrier function by signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b. Gut 2009; 58:49-58. [PMID: 18687707 PMCID: PMC4041491 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2007.145094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon epithelial cell (CEC) apoptosis and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation may compromise barrier function, and it has been reported that signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b)-deficient mice exhibit increased susceptibility to colitis. It is hypothesised that the growth hormone (GH) target STAT5b maintains mucosal barrier integrity by promoting CEC survival and inhibiting NF-kappaB activation. METHODS The GH effect upon mucosal injury due to 2,4,6-trinitro-benzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) administration was determined in STAT5b-deficient mice and wild-type (WT) controls. The effect of STAT5b deficiency upon CEC survival and NF-kappaB activation was determined and related to differences in intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to knock down STAT5b expression in the T84 CEC line, and the effect upon basal and GH-dependent regulation of proapoptotic and inflammatory pathways induced by tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) was determined. RESULTS GH suppression of mucosal inflammation in TNBS colitis was abrogated in STAT5b-deficient mice. STAT5b deficiency led to activation of a proapoptotic pattern of gene expression in the colon, and increased mucosal permeability. The frequency of apoptotic CECs was increased in STAT5b-deficient mice while tight junction protein abundance was reduced. This was associated with upregulation of CEC Toll-like receptor 2 expression and NF-kappaB activation. STAT5b knockdown in T84 CEC increased TNFalpha-dependent NF-kappaB and caspase-3 activation. GH inhibition of TNFalpha signalling was prevented by STAT5b knockdown. CONCLUSION STAT5b maintains colonic barrier integrity by modulating CEC survival and NF-kappaB activation. STAT5b activation may therefore represent a novel therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Ren X, Liu J, Zhai L, Yao Q, Dai X, Cai Z, Liu P, Sun K, Huang C, Wang Q, Liu M. A splicing mutation in the COL7A1 gene causes autosomal dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa. Br J Dermatol 2008; 158:618-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0007-0963.2007.08340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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216
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Ren X, Tian Q, Zhang J, Wu S, Zeng Y. Iris recognition based on key image feature extraction. J Med Eng Technol 2008; 32:228-34. [PMID: 18432471 DOI: 10.1080/03091900701605425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In iris recognition, feature extraction can be influenced by factors such as illumination and contrast, and thus the features extracted may be unreliable, which can cause a high rate of false results in iris pattern recognition. In order to obtain stable features, an algorithm was proposed in this paper to extract key features of a pattern from multiple images. The proposed algorithm built an iris feature template by extracting key features and performed iris identity enrolment. Simulation results showed that the selected key features have high recognition accuracy on the CASIA Iris Set, where both contrast and illumination variance exist.
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217
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Tucker JD, Ren X. Sex worker incarceration in the People's Republic of China. Sex Transm Infect 2008; 84:34-5; discussion 36. [PMID: 18212187 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2007.027235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tens of thousands of commercial sex workers in China are administratively detained each year in female re-education through labor (RTL) centres for moral education and vocational training. Recent increases in syphilis and heterosexual HIV make tailored HIV prevention efforts for sex workers increasingly important in many regions of China. However, RTL centres focused on detaining commercial sex workers have not traditionally been linked to sexually transmitted infections (STI)/HIV programmes. The stigma of being incarcerated and selling sex complicates STI/HIV prevention for these women. Incarcerated sex workers represent a particularly marginalized HIV risk group that has been excluded from domestic and international HIV programmes to date. Although several laws and administrative decrees provide a legal mandate for sex worker STI/HIV testing, treatment and rights, there is still substantial variation in how laws are implemented. Creating devoted medical services and legal aid for incarcerated sex workers is important in curbing the spread of heterosexual HIV and other STIs in China. Recent legal and social developments suggest that China's RTL system will be transformed in the near future, gaining momentum for reform that could improve the sexual and human rights of incarcerated sex workers.
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Fagotti E, Palmieri A, Ren X. Enhancement of SPES source performances. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:02B306. [PMID: 18315172 DOI: 10.1063/1.2801542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Installation of SPES source at LNL was finished in July 2006 and the first beam was extracted in September 2006. Commissioning results confirmed very good performance of the extracted current density. Conversely, source reliability was very poor due to glow-discharge phenomena, which were caused by the ion source axial magnetic field protruding in the high-voltage column. This problem was fixed by changing the stainless steel plasma electrode support with a ferromagnetic one. This new configuration required us to recalculate ion source solenoids positions and fields in order to recover the correct resonance pattern. Details on magnetic simulations and experimental results of high voltage column shielding are presented.
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Iqbal SU, Cunningham F, Lee A, Wang S, Hamed A, Miller DR, Ren X, Kazis L. Divalproex sodium vs. valproic acid: drug utilization patterns, persistence rates and predictors of hospitalization among VA patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder. J Clin Pharm Ther 2008; 32:625-32. [PMID: 18021341 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2007.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare divalproex sodium and valproic acid for therapeutic patterns, persistence rates and predictors of hospitalization among bipolar patients on monotherapy in the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. METHODS Using VA administrative data bases, we conducted a retrospective inception cohort study of VA patients'>or= 18 years of age who had at least one outpatient diagnoses of bipolar disorder and two continuous prescription records for the study drugs in the VA PBM pharmacy database during the study period of 1st April 2001 to 30th September 2003. Persistence for the comparative drugs was reported as continuous variable and compared using t-tests. Logistic regression models were used to examine the risk of hospitalization whereas Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the time to hospitalization and time to interruption of therapy for the two drug groups. RESULTS We identified 4624 bipolar patients on monotherapy with valproic acid (n = 4036) and divalproex sodium (n = 588) during the study period. The descriptive statistics included sociodemographics, disability and comorbidity status and were similar for the two groups. For the crude persistence rates there were no statistically significant differences between divalproex sodium (120 days) and valproic acid (110 days). The logistic regression model for risk of hospitalization showed no statistically significant difference between the two comparators [odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.787-1.444]. The Cox model for time to interruption of therapy showed an insignificant hazard ratio (HR) for divalproex sodium vs. valproic acid (HR = 0.928, 95% CI = 0.844-1.020) and for time to hospitalization also no statistically significant difference in the HR for the two drugs (HR = 0.984, 95% CI = 0.784-1.295). CONCLUSION The study showed a comparable profile of generic valproic acid with divalproex sodium for persistence and predictors of hospitalization for bipolar patients on monotherapy in the VA. Results have important healthcare implications for treatment and costs.
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Yu J, Ren X, Cao S, Li H, Hao X. Beneficial effects of fetal–maternal microchimerism on the activated haplo-identical peripheral blood stem cell treatment for cancer. Cytotherapy 2008; 10:331-9. [DOI: 10.1080/14653240802061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wei F, Cao S, Ren X, Liu H, Yu J, Li H, Hao X. Efficient antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects on human ovarian cancer growth by gene transfer of attenuated mutants of Shiga-like toxin I. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 18:677-91. [PMID: 17944920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the potential effect of anticancer and antiangiogenesis of Stx1(W203F) and Stx1(R170H), two attenuated mutants of Shiga-like toxin I (Stx1), in cancer gene therapy. Antiproliferative effects of these Stx1 mutants were tested in human ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV3 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Effect of these Stx1 mutants on inducing cell death and cell cycle arrest was analyzed in SKOV3 cells. Influence of these Stx1 mutants on endothelial cell function was analyzed in HUVECs. In vivo therapeutic effect of these Stx1 mutants on SKOV3 was explored using xenograft models in nude mice. These Stx1 mutants can inhibit the growth of SKOV3 or HUVECs and this effect can be abrogated by antibody specific for Stx1. They caused considerable cell death of SKOV3 cells in 24 h; neither caspase activity nor DNA fragmentation was observed, and necrosis is the major mode of cell death. These Stx1 mutants can induce cell cycle arrest of SKOV3 cells in G(2)-M or S phase depending on the dosage of gene transfer. Furthermore, they significantly decreased migration and capillary tube formation of HUVECs at low dose. In vivo study showed that Stx1(W203F) but not Stx1(R170H) significantly suppressed transplanted SKOV3 tumor growth in nude mice model. Interestingly, the microvessel densities of tumor treated with Stx1(W203F) and Stx1(R170H) were significantly reduced. This study suggests that genes encoding attenuated Stx1 can be selected as good candidates for the gene therapy of ovarian carcinoma because of their antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects.
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Ren X, Ye F, Jiang Z, Chu Y, Xiong S, Wang Y. Involvement of cellular death in TRAIL/DR5-dependent suppression induced by CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. Cell Death Differ 2007; 14:2076-84. [PMID: 17762882 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) are potent immunosuppressive cells active in controlling normal pathological immune responses. The mechanisms of this suppression have been investigated under various conditions. In this report, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)/death receptor 5 (DR5) was explored as one of the pivotal factors for the suppression and cytotoxicity induced by CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg. Cell death was involved in the suppression induced by activated CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg in vitro. The induction of CD4(+) T cell death was not mediated by the CD95/CD95L pathway, but rather depended upon the upregulation of TRAIL in the Treg. Blocking the TRAIL/DR5 pathway resulted in a significant reduction of the suppressive activity as well as the cytotoxic effects of Treg in vitro. Activated Treg displayed TRAIL-dependent cytotoxicity against CD4(+) T cells in vivo. The prolonged survival of allogeneic skin grafts induced by Treg was inhibited by DR5-blocking antibodies. Our findings suggest that the TRAIL/DR5 pathway is one of the mechanisms used by Treg to regulate immune responses both in vitro and in vivo.
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Berry FJ, Dmitrieva TV, Ovanesyan NS, Lyubutin IS, Thomas MF, Sarkisyan VA, Ren X, Aminov TG, Shabunina GG, Rudenko V, Vorotynov A, Dubinskaya YL. Magnetic order in FeCr(2)S(4)-type chalcogenide spinels. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2007; 19:266204. [PMID: 21694081 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/26/266204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The thiospinels of composition FeCr(2)S(4) and Fe(1+x)Cr(2-2x)Sn(x)S(4) with 0<x<0.1 have been examined by means of extended x-ray absorption fine structure, Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetoresistance techniques. The structural characterization shows that tin enters the spinel-related lattice as Sn(4+) and occupies the octahedral B site. Appreciable magnetoresistance is observed in the temperature range 160-185 K which includes the magnetic ordering temperature. The effect of slight non-stoichiometry in FeCr(2)S(4) and of tin doping is observed in the Mössbauer spectra which show the Fe(2+) ions to occupy the tetrahedral A sites. The Mössbauer spectra recorded around the magnetic ordering temperature are sensitive to small (0.03 T) applied magnetic fields. The influence of tin on the low temperature magnetic behaviour is associated with the distribution of Cr(3+), Sn(4+) and Fe(3+) ions around tetrahedral Fe(2+) sites and vacancies in the anionic sublattice. An interpretation of the colossal magnetoresistance phenomena below T(N) is suggested.
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Liang Q, Jaeglé L, Hudman RC, Turquety S, Jacob DJ, Avery MA, Browell EV, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Brune W, Ren X, Cohen RC, Dibb JE, Fried A, Fuelberg H, Porter M, Heikes BG, Huey G, Singh HB, Wennberg PO. Summertime influence of Asian pollution in the free troposphere over North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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225
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Hudman RC, Jacob DJ, Turquety S, Leibensperger EM, Murray LT, Wu S, Gilliland AB, Avery M, Bertram TH, Brune W, Cohen RC, Dibb JE, Flocke FM, Fried A, Holloway J, Neuman JA, Orville R, Perring A, Ren X, Sachse GW, Singh HB, Swanson A, Wooldridge PJ. Surface and lightning sources of nitrogen oxides over the United States: Magnitudes, chemical evolution, and outflow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kim S, Huey LG, Stickel RE, Tanner DJ, Crawford JH, Olson JR, Chen G, Brune WH, Ren X, Lesher R, Wooldridge PJ, Bertram TH, Perring A, Cohen RC, Lefer BL, Shetter RE, Avery M, Diskin G, Sokolik I. Measurement of HO2NO2in the free troposphere during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Xia Z, Liu G, Gao Y, Fan Z, Fu Y, Zhang LF, Ren X, Gao C. FK506 in the treatment of children with nephrotic syndrome of different pathological types. Clin Nephrol 2007; 66:85-8. [PMID: 16939063 DOI: 10.5414/cnp66085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of FK506 in the treatment of children with nephrotic syndrome of different underlying pathology. METHODS 12 patients were treated with FK506 with a dosage of 0.1 - 0.15 mg/kg/d while corticosteroid dose was tapered stepwise. This therapeutic course lasted 3 - 6 months during which the plasma concentration ofFK506 was monitored. RESULTS 12 children with different pathological types nephrotic syndrome were treated with FK506, including 4 cases of MCN, 6 cases of MsPGN, and 1 case of MPGN and 1 case of FSGS. After 2-month duration, 8 patients got complete remission including 4 cases of MCN and 4 cases of MsPGN and 3 children including 1 case of MsPGN, 1 case of MPGN, and 1 case of FSGS got partial remission. Only 1 child with MsPGN was considered to be a treatment failure. The overall response rate was 91.67% with the plasma concentration of FK506 maintained at 5 approximately 12 ng/ml, and the response time was 10 - 38 days. After 1-month duration, all patients except one experienced a reduction in proteinuria to normal levels or a partial response (50% reduction in protein excretion), significant increase in serum albumin, decrease in serum cholesterol and triglyceride and disappearance of edema. 2 months later, in 11 patients, blood biochemical values had returned to normal levels. The drug was generally well-tolerated. 3 patients had anorexia, nausea, vomiting. 2 patients experienced transient elevated serum creatinine which was reversible after the adjustment of dosage. 3 patients had minor changes in urine NAG. Only 2 of all patients relapsed. CONCLUSION FK506 is one of the effective immunosuppressants. In this study, FK506 in combination with a small doses of steroid while decreasing FK506 dosage plays a role in consolidating the curative effect and preventing relapse. In conclusion, FK506 may be effective in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome.
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Ren X, Wang XQ, Sui G, Zhong WH, Fuqua MA, Ulven CA. Effects of carbon nanofibers on crystalline structures and properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene blend fabricated using twin-screw extrusion. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Laframboise AJ, Ren X, Chang S, Dubuc R, Zielinski BS. Olfactory sensory neurons in the sea lamprey display polymorphisms. Neurosci Lett 2006; 414:277-81. [PMID: 17254708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is an ancient jawless fish phyletically removed from modern (teleost) fishes. It is an excellent organism in the study of olfaction due to its accessible olfactory pathway, which is susceptible to manipulation, and its important location in the evolution of vertebrates. There are many similarities in the olfactory systems of all fishes, and they also share characteristics with the olfactory system of mammals. Teleost fishes lack the distinctive vomeronasal organ of mammals; rather all odours are processed initially by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) of three morphotypes within the olfactory epithelium. We sought to identify olfactory sensory neuron polymorphisms in the sea lamprey. Using retrograde tracing with dyes injected into the olfactory bulb, we identified three morphotypes which are highly similar to those found in teleosts. This study provides the first evidence of morphotypes in the sea lamprey peripheral olfactory organ, and indicates that olfactory sensory neuron polymorphism may be a trait highly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution.
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Cooper OR, Stohl A, Trainer M, Thompson AM, Witte JC, Oltmans SJ, Morris G, Pickering KE, Crawford JH, Chen G, Cohen RC, Bertram TH, Wooldridge P, Perring A, Brune WH, Merrill J, Moody JL, Tarasick D, Nédélec P, Forbes G, Newchurch MJ, Schmidlin FJ, Johnson BJ, Turquety S, Baughcum SL, Ren X, Fehsenfeld FC, Meagher JF, Spichtinger N, Brown CC, McKeen SA, McDermid IS, Leblanc T. Large upper tropospheric ozone enhancements above midlatitude North America during summer: In situ evidence from the IONS and MOZAIC ozone measurement network. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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231
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Weber PSD, Madsen-Bouterse SA, Rosa GJM, Sipkovsky S, Ren X, Almeida PE, Kruska R, Halgren RG, Barrick JL, Burton JL. Analysis of the bovine neutrophil transcriptome during glucocorticoid treatment. Physiol Genomics 2006; 28:97-112. [PMID: 16912069 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00094.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize a large portion of the bovine neutrophil transcriptome following treatment with the anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex). Total RNA was isolated from blood neutrophils of healthy cattle (5 castrated male Holsteins) immediately following cell purification (0 h) or after ex vivo aging for 4 h with or without added Dex. Additional neutrophils were cotreated with a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist (RU486) and Dex for 4 h. RNA was amplified, dye labeled (Cy3 or Cy5), and hybridized to a series of National Bovine Functional Genomics Consortium (NBFGC) microarrays. LOWESS data normalization followed by mixture model analyses showed that 11.15% of the spotted NBFGC cDNAs (2,036/18,263) were expressed in 4-h (untreated) neutrophils. Subsequent two-step mixed-model analysis detected ( P ≤ 0.05) 1,109 differentially expressed genes, of which contrast analysis indicated those that were independently responsive to aging (1,064), Dex (502), RU486 + Dex (141), or RU486 (357). In silico analysis revealed that 416 of the differentially expressed genes are unknown, 59 did not cluster well based on known function, and 634 clustered into 20 ontological categories. Independent validation of differential expression was done for 14 of the putatively Dex-responsive genes across these categories. Results showed that Dex induced rapid translocation of GR into the neutrophil nucleus and signaled dramatic alterations in expression of genes that delay apoptosis, enhance bactericidal activity, and promote tissue remodeling without inflammation or fibrosis. Thus these findings revealed hitherto unappreciated plasticity of blood neutrophils and potentially novel anti-inflammatory/wound-healing actions of glucocorticoids.
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Ren X, Park Y, Miller TA. Intact mariner-like element in tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 15:743-8. [PMID: 17201767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
An intact mariner-like element was isolated from the genome of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens. This is the first report of an intact mariner element after the initial identification of Mos1 from Drosophila mauritiana. The full-length Hvmar1 has 30 bp inverted terminal repeats and a complete 1065 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding the transposase with a 'D,D(34)D' motif in the catalytic domain. Polymerase chain reaction results show that at least one insertion of the Hvmar1 element is conserved in this Heliothis strain. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Hvmar1 belongs to the irritans subfamily.
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Ren X, Thompson H, Fleming P. An agent-based system for distributed fault diagnosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED AND INTELLIGENT ENGINEERING SYSTEMS 2006. [DOI: 10.3233/kes-2006-10501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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234
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Shang Z, Ren X, Zhang J, Zhu X, Qi H, Liu Q, Zhang K, Wu S, Zeng Y. Experimental study on in vitro tumor cell killing by focused bi-frequency ultrasound activated hematoporphyrin derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 29:267-71. [PMID: 17058589 DOI: 10.1007/bf03178576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As ultrasound has become an important therapeutic technique on tumor, in order to find the cell-killing effect of focused bi-frequency ultrasound activated hematoporphyrin derivatives, experimental study was processed in vitro. METHODS Tumor cells K562 and SW-480 were killed by focused bi-frequency ultrasound activated hematoporphyrin (Hp) derivatives under optimized ultrasonic parameters and the cell-killing effect was tested by MTT (Thiazolyl blue: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) technique. RESULTS The lower frequency (0.6 MHz) was better than the higher (1.1 MHz) in activating hematoporphyrin derivatives; the bi-frequency was better than mono-frequency, and the cell-killing efficiency was 2-3 times of sum of the two kinds of ultrasounds which constitute bi-frequency. Incubation for the 16 h was better than 4 h after the cells exposed to the ultrasound. CONCLUSION The method of killing tumor cells by focused bi-frequency ultrasound activated hematoporphyrin derivatives is presented and evaluated in this paper.
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Xu Y, Ren X, Zhou C, Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhuang G. P-922. Fertil Steril 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xu Y, Ren X, Zhou C, Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhuang G. P-505. Fertil Steril 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang J, Ren X, Miller TA, Park Y. piggyBac-like elements in the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 15:435-43. [PMID: 16907830 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We identified two different groups of piggyBac-like elements (PLE) in the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, and named them HvPLE1 and HvPLE2. An intact copy of HvPLE1 revealed the characteristics of PLE: inverted terminal repeats, inverted subterminal repeats, and an open reading frame encoding transposase, whereas other HvPLE1 copies and all the HvPLE2 copies carried disruptive mutations in the region encoding transposase. We also identified none to two bands per genome hybridized to a probe of Trichoplusia ni piggyBac in genomic Southern blotting, which are different from HvPLE1 or HvPLE2. Analysis of the sequences of multiple copies of HvPLE1 and HvPLE2 suggests that the PLEs are closely related to the T. ni piggyBac, of relatively young age, and independently entered the H. virescens genome.
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Dong W, Ren X, Liu P. Comparison and analysis among expression of CRP and tumor markers in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.17126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
17126 Background: To investigate the correlation of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, cytokeratin 19 antibody (Cyfra 21–1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: CRP, CEA, CA125, Cyfra 21–1 were measured in the serum of 79 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (stage III and IV ) by independent samples t test. Results: It showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the level of CRP, CEA, CA125, Cyfra211 between lung cancer patients (25.21 ± 19.12 mg/L, 62.89 ± 53.96 ng/L, 46.36 ± 30.03 U/L, 6.85 ± 2.42 ng/L, respectively) and the control subjects. CRP, CA125 showed no significant difference between squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (P = 0.832, 0.406, respectively). CEA was higher in adenocarcinoma than in squamous carcinoma (P = 0.002). Cyfra211 was lower in adenocarcinoma than in squamous carcinoma (P = 0.039). The increase of CRP was accompanied with the increase of CEA, CA125 and Cyfra211 (p < 0.05). At the same time, CRP elevated while CEA, CA125, Cyfra211 increased (p < 0.05). Conclusions: All of CRP, CEA, CA125 and Cyfra211 increased in advanced non-small lung cancer. Combined monitoring on CRP with CEA, CA125, Cyfra211 may be a complementary method in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Liu JY, Ji MF, Wang XR, Luo RL, Ren X, Liu M, Wang QK. Detection of human chromosomal abnormalities using a new technique combining 4',6-diamidino-2-phenyl-indole staining and image analysis. Clin Genet 2006; 69:65-71. [PMID: 16451138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2005.00544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities are associated with a variety of diseases. We have developed a new technique for detecting chromosomal abnormalities, and the technique combines conventional 4',6-diamidino-2-phenyl-indole staining (DAPI) with image analysis. The image analysis consists of two simple steps: deconvolution and three-dimensional reconstruction. The technique has been reported for analyzing plant chromosomes but has not been applied to analyze human chromosomes yet. To test the technique, we analyzed five translocations: 46,XX,t(3;21)(12;18), 46,XX,t(11;22), 46,XY,t(7;22), 46,XY,t(11;18), and 46,XY,t(3;7). The results showed that the karyotype of the 46,XX,t(3;21)(12;18) was 46,XX,t(3;21)(q11.1;p13),t(12;18) (q21.2;q23), and the karyotypes of the 46,XX,t(11;22), 46,XY,t(7;22), 46,XY,t(11;18), and 46,XY,t(3;7) were 46,XX,t(11;22)(q23;q12.1); 46,XY,t(7;22)(q32;q13.2); 46,XY,t(11;18)(q13.3;q23), and 46,XY,t(3;7)(q22.1;p13), respectively. The identity of derivative chromosomes involved in the translocations was verified by chromosome painting as well as FISH analyses with centromere probes. The new technique has two advantages: the procedure is simple and convenient, and the results are accurate. The technique has the potential to be used in cytogenetic studies and clinical diagnosis of human diseases in the future.
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Jang N, Ren X, Choi K, Kim IS. Comparison of membrane biofouling in nitrification and denitrification for the membrane bioreactor (MBR). WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2006; 53:43-9. [PMID: 16749438 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Batch filtration tests were conducted to compare the characteristics of membrane biofouling with regard to nitrification and denitrification. A Modified Fouling Index (MFI) was obtained using a stirred cell tester. The denitrification assays showed higher membrane fouling rates than the nitrification assays. The fouling became worse, not only due to pore blocking resistance, but also from cake layer resistance after denitrification. The Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) concentration and relative hydrophobicity were decreased after denitrification, resulting in floc deterioration. The floc deterioration was assumed to have increased the cake layer resistance in the filtration test. The protein Soluble Microbial Products (SMP) concentration, portion of high molecular weight in carbohydrate SMP and relative hydrophobicity were increased after denitrification, which was assumed to cause membrane pore blocking. The changes in the EPS and SMP characteristics were the main fouling parameters in denitrification.
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Pott C, Ren X, Jordan MC, Roos KP, Philipson KD, Goldhaber JI. 255 INCREASED TRANSIENT OUTWARD CURRENT, SHORTENED ACTION POTENTIAL DURATION AND “SHORT-QT SYNDROME” IN NA+/CA2+ EXCHANGER KNOCKOUT MICE. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0004.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ren X, Mody I. γ-Hydroxybutyrate induces cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation in mouse hippocampus: An involvement of GABAB receptors and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation. Neuroscience 2006; 141:269-75. [PMID: 16675135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Revised: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
gamma-Hydroxybutyrate is a widely used recreational drug. Its abuse has been associated with cognitive impairments and development of tolerance and dependence. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. In the present study we investigated the possible cellular signaling mechanisms that might mediate gamma-hydroxybutyrate's action. Acute administration of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (500 mg/kg, i.p.) was found to cause a rapid and long-lasting increase in the phosphorylation level of the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein in mouse (C57/BL6) hippocampus. Pretreatment with the specific GABA(B) receptor antagonist [3-[1-(R)-[(3-cyclohexylmethyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]-2-(S)-hydroxy-propyl]amino]ethyl]-benzoic acid (20 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented the action of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, confirming a GABA(B) receptor-mediated mechanism. In addition, acute gamma-hydroxybutyrate administration induced a significant increase in cytosolic cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in the hippocampus, and pretreatment with the cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor H-89 could prevent the effect of gamma-hydroxybutyrate on cAMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation, indicating a direct involvement of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in gamma-hydroxybutyrate-induced cAMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation. On the other hand, the increased expression of phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein was not observed in the hippocampus of mice subjected to repeated gamma-hydroxybutyrate exposure, suggesting the development of a gamma-hydroxybutyrate-induced desensitization of the signaling pathway leading to cAMP-responsive element-binding protein activation. Since cAMP-responsive element-binding protein activation has been implicated in a variety of neural plasticities, our findings may have revealed a new mechanism underlying gamma-hydroxybutyrate-induced neuroadaptations.
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Ong M, Ren X, Allan G, Kadirkamanathan V, Thompson H, Fleming P. Decision support system on the grid. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED AND INTELLIGENT ENGINEERING SYSTEMS 2005. [DOI: 10.3233/kes-2005-9407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hong W, Fu Y, Chen S, Wang F, Ren X, Xu A. Distributions of HLA class I alleles and haplotypes in Northern Han Chinese. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 66:297-304. [PMID: 16185325 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I allelic genotypes were determined in 105 unrelated Han ethnic individuals inhabiting the northern China area. A total of 19 HLA-A alleles, 49 HLA-B alleles and 24 HLA-Cw alleles were detected. Through the analyses of two and three loci haplotypes of HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C loci, 11 HLA-A-B-Cw haplotypes, 19 HLA-A-B haplotypes, 18 HLA-A-Cw haplotypes, and 24 HLA-B-Cw haplotypes with the frequencies of higher than 0.01 were revealed. The Nei's genetic distance (GD) was estimated, and the NJ dendrogram showed that Northern Han had a higher GD to Southern Han (0.233) than those to the Korean (0.138) or other Northern ethnic groups, suggesting that Northern Han had more mixed blood with the ethnic groups originally in Northeast Asia. Our results provide useful information on the further study of evolution and relationships of Chinese ethnic groups and disease association in terms of HLA class I genes.
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Lv F, Gao J, Lin J, Liu Z, Xu Y, Ren X, Zhang H, Xu A. Characterization of a novel HLA-DQB1 allele, DQB1*020102. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 64:619-20. [PMID: 15496208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2004.00320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1 allele, DQB1*020102, was detected in a 28-year-old woman of Han ethnic in Guangzhou, China. Compared with HLA-DQB1*020101 and HLA-DQB1*0202, they differed in only one nucleotide at the position 167 (C to T) of exon 2, which was a highly conserved position. This is a synonymous mutation, which does not cause any change in the amino acid sequence of mature protein.
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Li H, Ying L, Ren X, Balasubramanian S, Klenerman D. Fluorescence studies of single biomolecules. Biochem Soc Trans 2004; 32:753-6. [PMID: 15494006 DOI: 10.1042/bst0320753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule fluorescence has the capability to detect properties buried in ensemble measurements and, hence, provides new insights about biological processes. Ratiometric methods are normally used to reduce the effects of excitation beam inhomogeneity. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer is widely used but there are problems in inserting the fluorophores in the correct position on the biomolecule, particularly if the structure is not known. We have recently developed two-colour coincidence single-molecule fluorescence that addresses this problem. This method can be used to determine quantitatively the multimerization states of biomolecules, in solution without separation. The future prospects of single-molecule fluorescence as applied to biological molecules are discussed.
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Tan GX, Weng QM, Ren X, Huang Z, Zhu LL, He GC. Two whitebacked planthopper resistance genes in rice share the same loci with those for brown planthopper resistance. Heredity (Edinb) 2004; 92:212-7. [PMID: 14666132 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera, and brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål are important sucking insects of rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops throughout the world. Rice 'B5', which has derived its resistance genes from the wild rice O. officinalis Wall ex Watt, is a line that is highly resistant to both WBPH and BPH. Previously, two resistance genes against BPH, Qbp1, and Qbp2 in 'B5' had been mapped onto chromosome 3 and chromosome 4, respectively. In this study, we employed a mapping population composed of 187 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), produced from a cross between 'B5' and susceptible variety 'Minghui63', to locate the WBPH and BPH resistance genes. A RFLP survey of the bulked extremes from the RIL population identified two genomic regions, one on chromosome 3 and the other on chromosome 4, likely containing the resistance genes to planthoppers. QTL analysis of the RILs further confirmed that two WBPH resistance genes were mapped on the same loci as Qbp1 and Qbp2, using a linkage map with 242 molecular markers distributed on 12 rice chromosomes. Of the two WBPH resistance genes, one designated Wbph7(t) was located within a 1.1-cM region between R1925 and G1318 on chromosome 3, the other designated Wbph8(t) was within a 0.3-cM region flanked by R288 and S11182 on chromosome 4. A two-way analysis of variance showed that two loci acted independently with each other in determining WBPH resistance. The results have significant implications in studying the interactions between sucking insects and plants and in breeding programs of resistance to rice planthoppers.
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Tang D, Jess A, Ren X, Bluemich B, Stapf S. Axial Dispersion and Wall Effects in Narrow Fixed Bed Reactors: A Comparative Study Based on RTD and NMR Measurements. Chem Eng Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200402076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dong W, Liu L, Li Y, Ren X, Cheng C, Liu S. Empirical second-line antimicrobial therapy in febrile neutropenic cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.8199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Yousif A, Bouziane K, Elzain ME, Ren X, Berry FJ, Widatallah HM, Al Rawas A, Gismelseed A, Al-Omari IA. Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline FexCu1-xAlloys Prepared by Ball Milling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1023/b:hype.0000043308.68302.c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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