Climate and air pollution exposure are associated with thyroid function parameters: a retrospective cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES

There are still controversies about the impact of climatic and environmental factors on thyroid function parameters in healthy populations. We investigated the relationships between climate, air pollution exposure, and thyroid function fluctuations.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed 327,913 individuals attending routine health checks from December 2013 to December 2018. We analyzed the associations between thyroid function and climatic factors using Spearman's correlation analysis. We explored the relationships between thyroid function and air pollution exposure using multiple linear regression analysis, after adjusting for age, sex, season, and outdoor temperature. We also performed subgroup analyses by age and sex and sensitivity analyses of different anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody status.

RESULTS

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were negatively associated with outdoor temperature (r = - 0.66, P < 0.001; r = - 0.55, P < 0.001), while free thyroxine (FT4) and FT4/FT3 were positively associated with temperature (r = 0.35, P < 0.001; r = 0.79, P < 0.001). An increase of 10 μg/m³ in fine particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was associated with a decrease of 0.12 pmol/L in FT4 and an increase of 0.07 pmol/L in FT3 (both P < 0.01). FT4/FT3 was significantly negatively associated with PM2.5 (coefficient: - 0.06, P < 0.01). These results remained robust in hierarchical analyses and sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

Thyroid function parameters are associated with climate and air pollution exposure. These factors may influence variations in thyroid function. Our results also highlight the importance of public health interventions to reduce air pollution.

A MINIATURE LASER SPECKLE CONTRAST IMAGER FOR MONITORING OF THE NEURO-MODULATORY EFFECT OF TRANSCRANIAL FOCUSED ULTRASOUND STIMULATION

Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation is a neuromodulation technique that is capable of exciting or suppressing the neural network. Such neuro-modulatory effects enable the treatment of brain diseases non-invasively, such as treating stroke. The neuro-modulatory effect on cerebral hemodynamics has been monitored using laser speckle contrast imaging in animal studies. However, the bulky size and stationary nature of the imaging system constrains the application of this imaging technique on research that requires the animal to have different body positions or to be awake. We present the design of a system that combines a miniature microscope for laser speckle contrast imaging and transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation, as well as, test its capability to monitor cerebral hemodynamics during stimulation and compare the result with a benchtop imaging system.

[Long-term outcomes and risk factors of ostial/shaft lesions in unprotected left main coronary artery after percutaneous coronary intervention]

Objective: To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) for ostial/shaft lesions in patients with unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA). Method: A total of 271 patients with isolated ostial/midshaft lesions in unprotected left main coronary artery who received drug-eluting stents (DES) implantation between January 2003 and July 2009 in Beijing An Zhen Hospital were consecutively enrolled . The endpoints of the study were all-cause death, repeat revascularization, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Cox regression was carried out to analyze the all-cause mortality. Meanwhile, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors of all-cause death. Results: The mean age of the patients was (62±10) years, and 201 of them (74.2%) were male. The median follow-up was 12.5 years (interquartile range: 10.1-14.5 years). During the follow-up, 46 patients (17.0%) died, of whom 20 (7.4%) died of a cardiovascular cause. A total of 38 (14.0%) cases suffered a MI, and 15 (5.5%) cases suffered a stroke. Repeat revascularization was performed in 63 (23.2%) cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (HR=1.041, 95%CI: 1.003-1.081, P=0.033), creatinine (HR=1.028, 95%CI:1.014-1.042, P<0.001) and diabetes mellitus (HR=1.924,95%CI: 1.053-3.514, P=0.033) were independent risk factors of all-cause death, whereas left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HR=0.972, 95%CI:0.953-0.992, P=0.007) was a protective factor. Conclusions: During a median follow-up of 12.5 years, the prognosis of PCI for left main ostium/shaft lesion was good. Age, creatinine and diabetes mellitus are independent risk factors of all-cause death.

[Safety and short-term efficacy of apatinib combined with oxaliplatin and S-1 in the conversion treatment for gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis]

Objective: To investigate the safety and short-term efficacy of apatinib combined with oxaliplatin and S-1 in the conversion treatment for gastric cancer with different types of peritoneal metastasis. Methods: A prospective study "one arm exploratory clinical study of conversion therapy of apatinib with S-1 and oxaliplatin in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer" (clinical registration ChiCTR-ONC-17010430) from medical record database was retrospectively analyzed. Patients aged 18-70 years with gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis confirmed by histology and laparoscopic exploration, and had not receive radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy before were enrolled. Before operation, the patients received 6 cycles of S-1 (80-120 mg/d, d1-d14) and oxaliplatin (130 mg/m(2), d1), and 5 cycles of apatinib (500 mg/d, d1-d21) conversion regimen. Three weeks after chemotherapy, whether the operation was performed or not depending on re-evaluation and patient preference. The main outcome were adverse reactions, and the secondary outcome were objective remission rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and overall survival (OS) rate. The follow-up period was up to May 2020. Results: A total of 27 patients with gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis were enrolled in this study. There were 13 males and 14 females, with a median age of 58 (30-68) years old. There were 9 cases of P1a, 5 cases of P1b, and 13 cases of P1c. There were 14 cases with 1-5 scores of PCI (peritoneal cancer index), and 13 cases with 6 scores or above. The incidence of adverse reactions was 100%. The most common adverse reactions were hematological events including leucopenia (70.4%, 19/27) and granulocytopenia (74.1%, 20/27). Non-hematological adverse events included fatigue (51.9%, 14/27) and oral mucositis (37.0%, 10/27). One patient was withdrawn due to grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Among 26 patients with feasible efficacy evaluation, 18 (69.2%) achieved partial remission, 3 (11.5%) achieved stable disease, and 5 (19.2%) disease progression. The objective remission rate was 69.2% (18/26) and the disease control rate was 80.8% (21/26). Fourteen patients underwent surgery, including 6 patients undergoing R0 resection with the R0 resection rate of 42.9% (6/14). The postoperative pathological response rate was 64.3% (9/14). The follow-up time was 12-40 months, and the follow-up rate was 100%. The 1-year OS rate was 65.2% and the survival time was (14.0±1.7) months. The 1-year OS rates of P1a/P1b group and P1c group were 81.8% and 42.0% respectively, whose difference was statistically significant (P=0.041). The 1-year OS rates of PCI 1-5 group and PCI ≥6 group were 67.3% and 38.5% respectively, whose difference was statistically significant (P=0.022). Conclusion: In the conversion treatment of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis, the safety of apatinib combined with oxaliplatin and S-1 is acceptable, and this regimen shows a good short-term survival efficacy in patients with P1a/P1b and PCI of 1-5.

Observation of a Near-Threshold Structure in the K^{+} Recoil-Mass Spectra in e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}(D_{s}^{-}D^{*0}+D_{s}^{*-}D^{0})

We report a study of the processes of e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}D_{s}^{-}D^{*0} and K^{+}D_{s}^{*-}D^{0} based on e^{+}e^{-} annihilation samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at BEPCII at five center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.628 to 4.698 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 3.7  fb^{-1}. An excess of events over the known contributions of the conventional charmed mesons is observed near the D_{s}^{-}D^{*0} and D_{s}^{*-}D^{0} mass thresholds in the K^{+} recoil-mass spectrum for events collected at sqrt[s]=4.681  GeV. The structure matches a mass-dependent-width Breit-Wigner line shape, whose pole mass and width are determined as (3982.5_{-2.6}^{+1.8}±2.1)  MeV/c^{2} and (12.8_{-4.4}^{+5.3}±3.0)  MeV, respectively. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The significance of the resonance hypothesis is estimated to be 5.3  σ over the contributions only from the conventional charmed mesons. This is the first candidate for a charged hidden-charm tetraquark with strangeness, decaying into D_{s}^{-}D^{*0} and D_{s}^{*-}D^{0}. However, the properties of the excess need further exploration with more statistics.

[A study of LEF1 protein expression in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lymphoblastic lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukemia]

Objective: To evaluate the expression of LEF1 protein in lymphoblastic lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukemia (LBL/ALL) and small B-cell lymphomas, and its value in pathologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of LBL/ALL. Methods: 53 cases of LBL/ALL were collected at shanghai Tongji Hospital from January 2012 to December 2019. The protein expression of LEF1 and TdT was detected by immunohistochemistry in 53 paraffin-embedded tissue samples of LBL/ALL. The specificity and sensitivity of LEF1 and TdT in the diagnosis of LBL/ALL were compared. The expression of LEF1 protein in 77 cases of small B-cell lymphomas including chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphoid lymphoma (CLL/SLL), follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma was studied. The correlation between LEF1 expression and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was performed by univariate analysis. Results: The expression of LEF1 in LBL/ALL was 100% (53/53), the median value was 90%; the expression of TdT was 84.9% (T-LBL/ALL 78.1%, B-LBL/ALL 95.2%), the median value was 80%; the expression rate and median value of LEF1 and TdT were significantly different (P=0.008 and 0.001 respectively). The expression of LEF1 in CLL/SLL was 14/18, the median value was 45%; LEF1 was not expressed in follicular lymphoma (0/16), mantle cell lymphoma (0/16), marginal zone lymphoma (0/19), and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (0/8). LEF1 expression was significantly different between B-LBL/ALL and small B-cell lymphomas. The median follow-up time of LBL/ALL cases in this group was 16 months. There was no statistical difference between LEF1 expression and the OS and PFS in LBL/ALL patients. Conclusions: Immunohistochemical staining of LEF1 has high sensitivity and good specificity in the diagnosis of LBL/ALL, and its combination with TdT can improve the diagnostic rate of LBL/ALL.

Model-Independent Determination of the Spin of the Ω^{-} and Its Polarization Alignment in ψ(3686)→Ω^{-}Ω[over ¯]^{+}

We present an analysis of the process ψ(3686)→Ω^{-}Ω[over ¯]^{+} (Ω^{-}→K^{-}Λ, Ω[over ¯]^{+}→K^{+}Λ[over ¯], Λ→pπ^{-}, Λ[over ¯]→p[over ¯]π^{+}) based on a dataset of 448×10^{6}  ψ(3686) decays collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII electron-positron collider. The helicity amplitudes for the process ψ(3686)→Ω^{-}Ω[over ¯]^{+} and the decay parameters of the subsequent decay Ω^{-}→K^{-}Λ (Ω[over ¯]^{+}→K^{+}Λ[over ¯]) are measured for the first time by a fit to the angular distribution of the complete decay chain, and the spin of the Ω^{-} is determined to be 3/2 for the first time since its discovery more than 50 years ago.

Trichinella spiralis: RNAi-mediated silencing of serine protease results in reduction of intrusion, development and fecundity

In previous studies, a Trichinella spiralis serine protease (TsSP) was identified in excretion/secretion (ES) products from intestinal infective L1 larvae (IIL1) using immunoproteomics. The complete cDNA sequence of TsSP gene was 1372 bp, which encoded 429 amino acids with 47.55 kDa. The TsSP was transcribed and expressed at all T. spiralis life cycle phases, as well as mainly located at the cuticle and stichosome of the parasitic nematode. Recombinant TsSP bind to intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and promoted larva invasion, however, its exact function in invasion, development and reproduction are still unknown. The aim of this study was to confirm the biological function of TsSP during T. spiralis invasion and growth using RNA interference (RNAi) technology. The results showed that on 1 day after electroporation using 2.5 µM siRNA156, TsSP mRNA and protein expression of muscle larvae (ML) was suppressed by 48.35 and 59.98%, respectively. Meanwhile, silencing of TsSP gene by RNAi resulted in a 61.38% decrease of serine protease activity of ML ES proteins, and a significant reduction of the in vitro and in vivo invasive capacity of IIL1 to intrude into the IEC monolayer and intestinal mucosa. When mice were infected with siRNA 156-transfected larvae, adult worm and muscle larva burdens were decreased by 58.85 and 60.48%, respectively. Moreover, intestinal worm growth and female fecundity were evidently inhibited after TsSP gene was knockdown, it was demonstrated that intestinal adults became smaller and the in vitro newborn larval yield of females obviously declined compared with the control siRNA group. The results indicated that knockdown of TsSP gene by RNAi significantly reduced the TsSP expression and enzymatic activity, impaired larvae intrusion and growth, and lowered the female reproductive capacity, further verified that TsSP might participate in diverse processes of T. spiralis life cycle, it will be a new prospective candidate molecular target of anti-Trichinella vaccines.

[Zhu Yilin and his medical works]

Zhaixinglou Zhidou Quanshu (, Encyclopedia of Smallpox from the Star-Picking Pavilion) is considered as the epitome of theory and the experience collected of the doctors treating smallpox in Ming dynasty. There exists some mistakes and lack of detailed introductions about it and its author Zhu Yilin in some bibliographies. Zhu's style name is"Jixiang", and"Yingwo"is his art name. His most active time was during the reigns of Wanli and Chongzhen emperors. He learned medicine because of his illness and became good at treating smallpox. After failing to pass the Imperial examinations, he focused on practicing medicine. Zhu Yilin's printed medical works include Douyan Qulu Ji, Lundou Youxi Pian, Zhidou Dachengji (, Collections of Treating Smallpox), and his medical records. There are the preface of 1st Year of Tianqi Reign wood-block edition, and 2 copied manuscripts, one in Japan and the other in Taiwan. Zhu's descendant Zhu Fa and Zhu Cun collected his works above and compiled as one book, renamed its name to Zhaixinglou Zhidou Quanshu during Qianlong and Daoguang Reign and printed it in 1826, which is called the Daoguang Gengletang edition. Some reference books and textbooks mistake it as compiled in 1619, printed in 1743 or 1765. In addition, Fu Zhichao Zhongdouxinfa (, Supplemented Extracts of Variolation Methods) in Zhaixinglou Zhidou Quanshu was mainly based on Youke Zhongdou Xinfa Yaozhi (, Pediatric Variolation Essentials), and extracted many books like Douzhen Dinglun (, Verdict on Smallpox).

Comparison of the Levels of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Tear Fluid in Patients with High Myopia after Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy and Laser Subepithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK)

We compared the level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the tear fluid of 20 patients with high myopia who underwent transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK) in one eye and laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) in the contralateral eye. Tear fluid samples were collected with scaled microcapillary tubes before (day 0) and on days 1, 3, and 5 after surgery. The release of TGF-β1 was determined by multiplying the concentration of TGF-β1 by capillary tear fluid flow. Corneal haze was also evaluated in 1, 3, and 6 months after surgeries. The median TGF-β1 release after T-PRK and LASEK differed significantly on days 1 and 3 (p<0.005) and on day 5 (p<0.05). The mean corneal haze score after T-PRK and LASEK also significantly differed in 1 month (p<0.005), but no significant differences in this parameter were revealed at later terms. Thus, the level of TGF-β1 in the tear fluid after T-PRK was lower than after LASEK, which can be the cause of less pronounced corneal haze in 1 month after surgery.

Functional Effects of WNT10A Rare Variants Associated with Tooth Agenesis

Mutations in WNT10A have frequently been reported as etiologic for tooth agenesis (TA). However, the effects of WNT10A variation on gene/protein function and contribution to TA phenotypes remain poorly understood. Here, we performed bioinformatic and functional characterization analysis of WNT10A variants. In silico prediction of variant function was performed with VIPUR for all WNT10A missense variants reported in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database. Functional characterization experiments were then performed for selected WNT10A variants previously associated with TA. Expression vectors for wild-type and mutant WNT10A were made and transfected into stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) for evaluation of gene/protein function, WNT signaling activity, and effects on expression of relevant genes. While 75% of WNT10A variants were predicted neutral, most of the TA-associated variants received deleterious scores by potentially destabilizing or preventing the disulfide bond formation required for proper protein function. WNT signaling was significantly decreased with 8 of 13 variants tested, whereas wild-type-like activity was retained with 4 of 13 variants. WNT10A-mutant cells (T357I, R360C, and R379C mutants) showed reduced or impaired binding affinity to FZD5, suggesting a potential mechanism for the decreased WNT signaling. Mutant cells also had decreased WNT10A protein expression in comparison to wild-type cells. mRNA expression of PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, and RUNX2 (known tooth development genes) was perturbed in mutant cells and quite significantly for PAX9 and RUNX2. Transcriptome analysis of wild-type and T357I-mutant cells identified 36 differentially expressed genes (26 downregulated, 10 upregulated) involved in skeletal system development and morphogenesis and pattern specification. WNT10A variants deemed pathogenic for TA likely affect protein folding and/or stabilization, leading to decreased WNT signaling and concomitant dysregulated expression of relevant genes. These findings may allow for improved interpretation of TA phenotypes upon clinical diagnosis while providing important insights toward the development of future tooth replacement therapies.

Observation of the Doubly Cabibbo-Suppressed Decay D^{+}→K^{+}π^{+}π^{-}π^{0} and Evidence for D^{+}→K^{+}ω

Using 2.93  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, the first observation of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay D^{+}→K^{+}π^{+}π^{-}π^{0} is reported. After removing decays that contain narrow intermediate resonances, including D^{+}→K^{+}η, D^{+}→K^{+}ω, and D^{+}→K^{+}ϕ, the branching fraction of the decay D^{+}→K^{+}π^{+}π^{-}π^{0} is measured to be (1.13±0.08_{stat}±0.03_{syst})×10^{-3}. The ratio of branching fractions of D^{+}→K^{+}π^{+}π^{-}π^{0} over D^{+}→K^{-}π^{+}π^{+}π^{0} is found to be (1.81±0.15)%, which corresponds to (6.28±0.52)tan^{4}θ_{C}, where θ_{C} is the Cabibbo mixing angle. This ratio is significantly larger than the corresponding ratios for other doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays. The asymmetry of the branching fractions of charge-conjugated decays D^{±}→K^{±}π^{±}π^{∓}π^{0} is also determined, and no evidence for CP violation is found. In addition, the first evidence for the D^{+}→K^{+}ω decay, with a statistical significance of 3.3σ, is presented and the branching fraction is measured to be B(D^{+}→K^{+}ω)=(5.7_{-2.1}^{+2.5}_{stat}±0.2_{syst})×10^{-5}.

Multiyear in-situ L-band microwave radiometry of land surface processes on the Tibetan Plateau

We report a unique multiyear L-band microwave radiometry dataset collected at the Maqu site on the eastern Tibetan Plateau and demonstrate its utilities in advancing our understandings of microwave observations of land surface processes. The presented dataset contains measurements of L-band brightness temperature by an ELBARA-III microwave radiometer in horizontal and vertical polarization, profile soil moisture and soil temperature, turbulent heat fluxes, and meteorological data from the beginning of 2016 till August 2019, while the experiment is still continuing. Auxiliary vegetation and soil texture information collected in dedicated campaigns are also reported. This dataset can be used to validate the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite based observations and retrievals, verify radiative transfer model assumptions and validate land surface model and reanalysis outputs, retrieve soil properties, as well as to quantify land-atmosphere exchanges of energy, water and carbon and help to reduce discrepancies and uncertainties in current Earth System Models (ESM) parameterizations. Measurement cases in winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon periods are presented.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae lipids license TLR-4 for activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy to evoke a proinflammatory response

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an obligate pathogen that causes pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, pharyngitis and asthma in humans. It is well recognized that membrane lipoproteins are immunostimulants exerting as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses upon M. pneumoniae infection. Here, we report that the M. pneumoniae-derived lipids are another proinflammatory agents. Using an antibody-neutralizing assay, RNA interference or specific inhibitors, we found that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is essential for M. pneumoniae lipid-induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β production. We also demonstrate that NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) inflammasome, autophagy and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent pathways are critical for the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, while inhibition of TLR-4 significantly abrogates these events. Further characterization revealed that autophagy-mediated inflammatory responses involved the activation of NF-κB. In addition, the activation of NF-κB promoted lipid-induced autophagosome formation, as revealed by assays using pharmacological inhibitors, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and Bay 11-7082, or silencing of atg5 and beclin-1. These findings suggest that, unlike the response to lipoprotein stimulation, the inflammation in response to M. pneumoniae lipids is mediated by the TLR-4 pathway, which subsequently initiates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and formation of a positive feedback loop between autophagy and NF-κB signalling cascade, ultimately promoting TNF-α and Il-1β production in macrophages.

LncRNA Lethe protects sepsis-induced brain injury via regulating autophagy of cortical neurons

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Lethe in mediating autophagy of cortical neurons in mice with sepsis-induced brain injury (SIBI).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 60 wild-type C57BL/6 mice were divided into sham-operated wild-type (SWT) group and wild-type model (MWT) group. Sixty Lethe-/- mice were divided into sham-operated knockout (SKO) group and model knockout (MKO) group. Each group had 30 mice. Sepsis model in mice was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Neurobiological score was recorded at 6 h after CLP. Mice with lower than 6 scores of neurobehavioral tests were diagnosed with SIBI. Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine mRNA levels of Lethe and interferon-γ (INF-γ) in cortical neurons of SIBI mice. Western blot was conducted to detect protein levels of LC3-II, LC3-I and SQSTM1 in mice. Neuronal impairment in mouse brain was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.

RESULTS

Expressions of LC3-I and LC3-II in cerebral cortex of MWT group began to increase at 6 h after CLP, and remained at high levels until 96 h. On the contrary, SQSTM1 expression in cerebral cortex of MWT group began to decrease at 6 h after CLP. Compared with SWT group, expressions of Lethe and IFN-γ were remarkably upregulated in cortex of MWT group at 12 h after CLP. Expression of LC3-II in MWT group was remarkably upregulated, while SQSTM1 was downregulated at 12 h after CLP, which were contrary to those in MKO group. At 12 h after CLP, the neurobiological scores of the MKO group (4.97±0.71) were markedly lower than those of the MWT group (5.43±0.86). HE staining showed worse damage in cerebral cortex and fewer neurons of MKO group relative to MWT group.

CONCLUSIONS

Lethe has a protective effect on SIBI mice by regulating autophagy in mouse cortical neurons.

[Effects of clopidogrel resistence and CYP2C19 genotype on the clinical prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention]

Objective: To investigate the effects of clopidogrel resistence and CYP2C19 genotype on the clinical prognosis of acute coronary syndrome(ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study. ACS patients who underwent PCI in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from October 2015 to January 2017 were recruited. The inhibition rate of adenosine diphosphate(ADP) was monitored by thromboelastography. All of these patients were divided into clopidogrel resistance and non-resistance group according to the monitoring results. CYP2C19 genotype was detected by TaqMan probe-based real-time quantitative PCR. Patients were divided into slow, medium and fast metabolic group, according to the CYP2C19 genotype. After 12 months of follow-up, the end points included all-cause death, cardiac death, angina, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, ischemic stroke and hemorrhage were collected. Combined thrombotic events were defined as a composite of angina, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and ischemic stroke. The differences of the incidence of clinical events between groups were compared. Cox regression was used to analyze the effects of clopidogrel resistance and CYP2C19 genotype on the combined thrombotic events, cardiac death and hemorrhage. Results: A total of 1 696 patients were included, and the age was (59.4±9.6) years, with 1 280(75.5%) males. There were 471 cases(27.8%) in clopidogrel resistance group, and 1 225 cases(72.2%) in clopidogrel non-resistance group. There were 218 patients(12.9%) were in slow metabolic group, 668(39.4%) in medium metabolic group, and 810 (47.8%) in fast metabolic group. The median follow-up time was 13.3 months, and 131 cases were lost to follow-up, with a loss follow-up rate of 7.7%. Compared with the clopidogrel non-resistance group, the clopidogrel resistance group had a higher incidence of myocardial infarction(7.6%(36/471) vs. 5.1%(62/1 225), P=0.041), a lower incidence of hemorrhage (13.2%(62/471) vs. 17.9%(219/1 225), P=0.020) and minor hemorrhage(11.5%(54/471) vs. 15.8% (194/1 225), P=0.022). There were no statistically significant difference in all-cause death, cardiac death, angina, stent thrombosis, ischemic stroke and severe bleeding between clopidogrel resistance and non-resistance group(all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of endpoint events among different CYP2C19 genotypes (all P>0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that clopidogrel resistance was an independent factor of combined thrombotic events (OR=2.334, 95%CI 1.215-4.443, P=0.016) and bleeding events (OR=0.481, 95%CI 0.174-0.901, P=0.023). While CYP2C19 genotype was not independent factor for combined thrombotic events, cardiac death and hemorrhage (all P>0.05). Conclusion: For ACS patients after PCI, clopidogrel resistance can increase the risk of combined thrombotic events, but also reduce the risk of bleeding; while CYP2C19 genotype is not an independent factor for clinical prognosis.

Improved Constraints on Sterile Neutrino Mixing from Disappearance Searches in the MINOS, MINOS+, Daya Bay, and Bugey-3 Experiments

Searches for electron antineutrino, muon neutrino, and muon antineutrino disappearance driven by sterile neutrino mixing have been carried out by the Daya Bay and MINOS+ collaborations. This Letter presents the combined results of these searches, along with exclusion results from the Bugey-3 reactor experiment, framed in a minimally extended four-neutrino scenario. Significantly improved constraints on the θ_{μe} mixing angle are derived that constitute the most constraining limits to date over five orders of magnitude in the mass-squared splitting Δm_{41}^{2}, excluding the 90% C.L. sterile-neutrino parameter space allowed by the LSND and MiniBooNE observations at 90% CL_{s} for Δm_{41}^{2}<13  eV^{2}. Furthermore, the LSND and MiniBooNE 99% C.L. allowed regions are excluded at 99% CL_{s} for Δm_{41}^{2}<1.6 eV^{2}.

LncRNA HAND2-AS1 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia cells by sponging with micRNA-1275

OBJECTIVE

The long noncoding RNA (lnc) HAND2-AS1 is down-regulated and microRNA-1275 (miR-1275) is up-regulated in many types of cancers. However, their expressions and the relationship between HAND2-AS1 and miR-1275 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remain unknown and to be further investigated.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Bone marrow samples from 30 CML patients and 10 healthy donors were collected; HAND2-AS1 and miR-1275 were detected by RT-PCR. The correlation between HAND2-AS1 and miR-1275 was analyzed. After lentiviral (LV) HAND2-AS1 and miR-1275 inhibitors were respectively transfected into KCL22 and K562 cells, the expressions of HAND2-AS1 and miR-1275 were detected by RT-PCR. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability and mRNA and proteins levels of Bcl-2, Caspase-3, MMP-2, MMP-9 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot (WB). Luciferase reporter assay was performed to explore the binding site of HAND2-AS1 and miR-1275.

RESULTS

Results showed that HAND2-AS1 was significantly downregulated than healthy control (p<0.05), and HAND2-AS1 expressions on stages of AP and BP were much lower than that of CP (p<0.05). The miR-1275 expression was significantly upregulated than healthy control (p<0.05), and the expressions in stages of accelerated phase (AP) and blast phase (BP) were much higher than that in the stage of chronic phase (CP) in CML (p<0.05). Furthermore, HAND2-AS1 was negatively correlated with miR-1275 in CML, but not in healthy control (p<0.05). After lentiviral HAND2-AS1 transfection, the HAND2-AS1 expression was significantly up-regulated while miR-1275 was significantly down-regulated (p<0.05). Then, the cell proliferation was inhibited after 72 h. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly down-regulated (p<0.05), while the expression of Caspase-3 was significantly up-regulated (p<0.05). Luciferase reporter assay showed that HAND2-AS1 was a target gene of miR-1275. And after treating with miR-1275 inhibitor, HAND2-AS1 was significantly upregulated (p<0.01) and cell proliferation was inhibited (p<0.01). Furthermore, the expressions of Bcl-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were significantly decreased, while Caspase-3 was significantly increased (p<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

HAND2-AS1 was downregulated and miR-1275 was upregulated in CML, and HAND2-AS1 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of CML cells by sponging with microRNA-1275, which might be a novel therapeutic target for CML.

Σ^{+} and Σ[over ¯]^{-} Polarization in the J/ψ and ψ(3686) Decays

From 1310.6×10^{6}  J/ψ and 448.1×10^{6}  ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII experiment, we report the first observation of Σ^{+} and Σ[over ¯]^{-} spin polarization in e^{+}e^{-}→J/ψ[ψ(3686)]→Σ^{+}Σ[over ¯]^{-} decays. The relative phases of the form factors ΔΦ have been measured to be (-15.5±0.7±0.5)° and (21.7±4.0±0.8)° with J/ψ and ψ(3686) data, respectively. The nonzero value of ΔΦ allows for a direct and simultaneous measurement of the decay asymmetry parameters of Σ^{+}→pπ^{0}(α_{0}=-0.998±0.037±0.009) and Σ[over ¯]^{-}→p[over ¯]π^{0}(α[over ¯]_{0}=0.990±0.037±0.011), the latter value being determined for the first time. The average decay asymmetry, (α_{0}-α[over ¯]_{0})/2, is calculated to be -0.994±0.004±0.002. The CP asymmetry A_{CP,Σ}=(α_{0}+α[over ¯]_{0})/(α_{0}-α[over ¯]_{0})=-0.004±0.037±0.010 is extracted for the first time, and is found to be consistent with CP conservation.