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Hu K, Kobayashi H, Dong A, Jing Y, Iwasaki S, Yao X. Antineoplastic agents. III: Steroidal glycosides from Solanum nigrum. PLANTA MEDICA 1999; 65:35-38. [PMID: 10083842 DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
By bioactivity-guided fractionation, three known steroidal glycosides, beta 2-solamargine (1), solamargine (2), and degalactotigonin (3), were isolated from Solanum nigrum. Compounds 1-3 induced morphological abnormality in Pyricularia oryzae mycelia with MMDC (minimum morphological deformation concentration) values of 63.0, 38.5, and 97.2 microM, respectively. This is the first report on the isolation of 1 from this species and on the cytotoxicity of 1-3 on six cultured human solid tumor cell lines HT-29 (colon), HCT-15 (colon), LNCaP (prostate), PC-3 (prostate), T47D (breast), and MDA-MB-231 (breast) in vitro. The cytotoxic assay indicated that 2 is the main antineoplastic agent in S. nigrum. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of chemical evidence and spectral analysis, especially by 2D-NMR analysis.
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102
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Dai J, Weinberg RS, Waxman S, Jing Y. Malignant cells can be sensitized to undergo growth inhibition and apoptosis by arsenic trioxide through modulation of the glutathione redox system. Blood 1999; 93:268-77. [PMID: 9864170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induces clinical remission in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with minimal toxicity and apoptosis in APL-derived NB4 cells at low (1 to 2 micromol/L) concentration. We examined the basis for NB4 cell sensitivity to As2O3 to identify experimental conditions that would render other malignant cells responsive to low concentrations of As2O3. The intracellular glutathione (GSH) content had a decisive effect on As2O3-induced apoptosis. Highly sensitive NB4 cells had the lowest GSH and the sensitivity of other cell lines was inversely proportional to their GSH content. The t(14;18) B-cell lymphoma cell line had low GSH levels and sensitivity to As2O3 at levels slightly higher than in APL cells. Experimental upmodulation of GSH content decreased the sensitivity to As2O3. Ascorbic acid and buthionine sulfoxide (BSO) decreased GSH to a greater extent, and rendered malignant cells more sensitive to As2O3. As2O3-induced apoptosis was not enhanced by ascorbic acid in normal cells, suggesting that the combination of ascorbic acid and As2O3 may be selectively toxic to some malignant cells. Ascorbic acid enhanced the antilymphoma effect of As2O3 in vivo without additional toxicity. Thus, As2O3 alone or administered with ascorbic acid may provide a novel therapy for lymphoma.
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103
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Jing Y, Nakajo S, Xia L, Nakaya K, Fang Q, Waxman S, Han R. Boswellic acid acetate induces differentiation and apoptosis in leukemia cell lines. Leuk Res 1999; 23:43-50. [PMID: 9933134 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(98)00096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Boswellic acid acetate (BC-4), a compound isolated from the herb Boswellia carterii Birdw., can induce differentiation and apoptosis of leukemia cells. Based on cell morphology and NBT reduction, BC-4 induced monocytic differentiation of myeloid leukemia HL-60, U937 and ML-1 cells at a dose under 12.5 microg/ml (24.2 microM). BC-4 was a potent inducer, with 90% of the cells showing morphologic changes and 80-90% of the cells showing NBT reduction. Specific and non-specific esterase were also increased by BC-4. Based on benzidine staining assay, BC-4 failed to induce erythroid leukemia DS-19 and K562 cells differentiation. In contrast to its selective differentiation effect, BC-4 strongly inhibited growth of all cell lines tested. The growth inhibition effect was dose- and time-dependent. In HL-60 cells, 20 microg/ml (38.8 microM) of BC-4 decreased viable cell number by 60% at 24 h, whereas at 3 days there was virtually no viable cells. Morphologic and DNA fragmentation analysis proved that BC-4 induced cell apoptosis. The dual apoptotic and differentiation effects of BC-4 suggest that it may be a powerful agent in the treatment of leukemia.
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104
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Benowitz LI, Jing Y, Tabibiazar R, Jo SA, Petrausch B, Stuermer CA, Rosenberg PA, Irwin N. Axon outgrowth is regulated by an intracellular purine-sensitive mechanism in retinal ganglion cells. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:29626-34. [PMID: 9792672 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.45.29626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although purinergic compounds are widely involved in the intra- and intercellular communication of the nervous system, little is known of their involvement in the growth and regeneration of neuronal connections. In dissociated cultures, the addition of adenosine or guanosine in the low micromolar range induced goldfish retinal ganglion cells to extend lengthy neurites and express the growth-associated protein GAP-43. These effects were highly specific and did not reflect conversion of the nucleosides to their nucleotide derivatives; pyrimidines, purine nucleotides, and membrane-permeable, nonhydrolyzable cyclic nucleotide analogs were all inactive. The activity of adenosine required its conversion to inosine, because inhibitors of adenosine deaminase rendered adenosine inactive. Exogenously applied inosine and guanosine act directly upon an intracellular target, which may coincide with a kinase described in PC12 cells. In support of this, the effects of the purine nucleosides were blocked with purine transport inhibitors and were inhibited competitively with the purine analog 6-thioguanine (6-TG). In PC12 cells, others have shown that 6-TG blocks nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth and selectively inhibits the activity of protein kinase N, a partially characterized, nerve growth factor-inducible serine-threonine kinase. In both goldfish and rat retinal ganglion cells, 6-TG completely blocked outgrowth induced by other growth factors, and this inhibition was reversed with inosine. These results suggest that axon outgrowth in central nervous system neurons critically involves an intracellular purine-sensitive mechanism.
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105
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McAteer K, Jing Y, Kao J, Taylor JS, Kennedy MA. Solution-state structure of a DNA dodecamer duplex containing a Cis-syn thymine cyclobutane dimer, the major UV photoproduct of DNA. J Mol Biol 1998; 282:1013-32. [PMID: 9753551 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The solution structures of a duplex DNA dodecamer containing a cis-syn cyclobutane thymine dimer d(GCACGAAT[cs]TAAG).d(CTTAATTCG TGC) and its native parent sequence were determined using NMR data collected at 750 MHz. The dodecamer sequence corresponds to the section of a site-specific cis-syn dimer containing 49-mer that was found to be the binding site for the dimer-specific T4 denV endonuclease V repair enzyme by chemical and enzymatic footprinting experiments. Structures of both sequences were derived from NOE restrained molecular dynamics/simulated annealing calculations using a fixed outer layer of water and an inner dynamic layer of water with sodium counterions. The resulting structures reveal a subtle distortion to the phosphodiester backbone in the dimer-containing sequence which includes a BII phosphate at the T9pA10 junction immediately 3' to the dimer. The BII phosphate, established experimentally by analysis of the 31P chemical shifts and interpretation of the 3JP-H3' values using an optimized Karplus relationship, enables the DNA helix to accommodate the dimer by destacking the base 3' to the dimer. Furthermore, the structures provide explanations for the unusually shifted T8-N3H imino, A16-H2 and T8-Me proton resonances and T9pA10 (31)P NMR resonance and are consistent with bending, unwinding, and thermodynamic data. The implications of the structural data for the mechanism by which cis-syn dimers are recognized by repair enzymes and bypassed by DNA polymerases are also discussed.
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106
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Jing Y, Kao JF, Taylor JS. Thermodynamic and base-pairing studies of matched and mismatched DNA dodecamer duplexes containing cis-syn, (6-4) and Dewar photoproducts of TT. Nucleic Acids Res 1998; 26:3845-53. [PMID: 9685504 PMCID: PMC147757 DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.16.3845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cis-syn dimers, (6-4) products and their Dewar valence isomers are the major photoproducts of DNA and have different mutagenic properties and rates of repair. To begin to understand the physical basis for these differences, the thermal stability and base pairing properties of the corresponding photoproducts of the TT site in d(GAGTATTATGAG) were investigated. The (6-4) and Dewar products destabilize the duplex form by approximately 6 kcal/mol of free energy at 37 degreesC relative to the parent, whereas a cis-syn dimer only destabilizes the duplex form by 1.5 kcal/mol. Duplexes with G opposite the 3'-T of the (6-4) and Dewar products are more stable than those with A by approximately 0.4 kcal/mol, whereas the cis-syn dimer prefers A over G by 0.7 kcal/mol. Proton NMR suggests that wobble base pairing takes place between the 3'-T of the cis-syn dimer and an opposed G, whereas there is no evidence of significant H-bonding between these two bases in the (6-4) product. The thermodynamic and H-bonding data for the (6-4) product are consistent with a 4 nt interior loop structure which may facilitate flipping of the photoproduct in and out of the helix.
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107
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Mira-Y-Lopez R, Jaramillo S, Jing Y. Synergistic transcriptional activation of the mouse urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) gene and of its enhancer activator protein 1 (AP1) site by cAMP and retinoic acid. Biochem J 1998; 331 ( Pt 3):909-16. [PMID: 9560322 PMCID: PMC1219435 DOI: 10.1042/bj3310909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the mechanism whereby all-trans retinoic acid (tRA) potentiates the 8-bromo-cAMP (8-BrcAMP)-dependent transcription of the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) gene in SC115 mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Photoaffinity labelling experiments showed that tRA did not alter the cellular content of cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunits I and II. In agreement with this, nuclear run-on analysis in the presence of the translational inhibitor puromycin demonstrated that the effect of 8-BrcAMP and its potentiation by tRA were independent of protein synthesis. A transiently transfected 6.6 kb uPA 5'-flanking region-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) fusion gene mimicked the response of the endogenous uPA gene. Thus 1 mM 8-BrcAMP induced a 100-200% increase in CAT content, 100 nM tRA had no effect and 100 nM tRA+1 mM 8-BrcAMP induced a 300-500% increase in cells co-transfected with tRA receptor and/or 9-cis-RA receptor. Analysis of 5'-deleted constructs showed that the tRA effect required at least two cis regions: -2657 to -2186, encompassing the 100 bp uPA enhancer, and -709 to -324, which exhibited silencing activity. Neither region contained a tRA-response element-like motif. Because tRA receptor and 9-cis-RA receptor interact with activator protein 1 (AP1), we tested whether tRA regulated the uPA enhancer AP1 site in the presence of 8-BrcAMP. We found that a dimer of this site fused to a minimal uPA-CAT fusion gene was responsive to 1 mM 8-BrcAMP (100% CAT increase), not responsive to 100 nM tRA, and synergistically responsive to 100 nM tRA+1 mM 8-BrcAMP (240% CAT increase) in cells co-transfected with Fos and Jun. Synergistic activation of the same construct and of the 6.6 kb uPA-CAT fusion gene was also obtained using tRA and 100 nM PMA. We conclude that multiple cis elements, probably including the uPA enhancer AP1 site, mediate the tRA potentiation of uPA transcription.
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Xu J, Lin X, Qi F, Jing Y, Li Q, Zhao R, Cai R, Zhao Y, Wei G, Qiao H, Ma Z. [Math-model of efficient cultivation of Angelica sinensis]. ZHONG YAO CAI = ZHONGYAOCAI = JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINAL MATERIALS 1998; 21:55-60. [PMID: 12567971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Using two-time general rotation-constitution design, the math-mdele has been founded about Angelica sinensis prodution efficiency and quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to use by doing experiments in many different spots and production demonstration for testing and verifying. Accordin to the modle, computer is used to simulate the better, through which people can get fresh Chinese angelica over 500 Kg per mu and also net income over 500 yuan per mu. It shows that this is the best combination. 95% density riliability for this plan is 6860-7600 plants, pure nitrogen 18.75-22.2 Kg, P2O5 9.1-11.1 Kg and K2O 4.46-5.37 Kg One mu. Proportion for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1:0.49:0.24.
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109
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Jing Y. Analysis of population structure in rural areas of China. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POPULATION SCIENCE 1998; 10:17-30. [PMID: 12294557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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110
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Hashimoto S, Jing Y, Kawazoe N, Masuda Y, Nakajo S, Yoshida T, Kuroiwa Y, Nakaya K. Bufalin reduces the level of topoisomerase II in human leukemia cells and affects the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs. Leuk Res 1997; 21:875-83. [PMID: 9393603 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(97)00061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
When human leukemia HL-60 cells were treated with 10(-7) M bufalin, the amounts of both topoisomerase (topo) II alpha and II beta and the activity of topo II decreased markedly and were almost undetectable 18 h after the start of treatment. The level of topo II mRNA started to decrease immediately after the start of treatment with bufalin, with a subsequent decrease in the amount of topo II alpha protein. These changes preceded the fragmentation of DNA, a typical feature of apoptosis. The results suggest that bufalin caused a marked decrease in the steady-state level of topo II alpha mRNA, which led to a decrease in the amount and activity of the enzyme and to the induction of apoptosis. A reduction in the level of topo II alpha by bufalin was also observed in other lines of human leukemia cells such as ML1 and U937. The results were exploited to potentiate the effects of cisplatin and retinoic acid (RA) on HL-60 cells: pretreatment of HL-60 cells with 10(-7) M bufalin for 6 h increased the inhibitory effects of cisplatin and RA on cell growth and enhanced the induction of cell death.
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111
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Jing Y, Waxman S, Mira-y-Lopez R. The cellular retinoic acid binding protein II is a positive regulator of retinoic acid signaling in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 1997; 57:1668-72. [PMID: 9135005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of the cellular retinoic acid binding protein type II (CRABPII) in the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway is poorly understood. Northern blot analysis of 12 breast cell lines showed that CRABPII mRNA content correlated with growth inhibition by RA, suggesting that this binding protein enhances cellular response to RA. Ectopic CRABPII expression supported dose-dependent growth inhibition by RA in SC115-resistant but not MDA-MB-231-resistant cells, indicating that CRABPII is sufficient to rescue RA antiproliferation in a permissive background. In both cell lines, ectopic binding protein enhanced gene activation by RA. Thus, induction of tissue transglutaminase by all-trans-RA and, surprisingly, 9-cis-RA was enhanced 5-fold over and above the level of induction in control cells (SC115), and activation of a RA response element reporter was enhanced 3-fold (MDA-MB-231). A 5-fold enhancement of RA induction of RA receptor beta expression as a result of ectopic binding protein expression was also demonstrated (SC115). These findings indicate that CRABPII is a positive regulator of RA signaling in breast cells.
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112
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Guan C, Ribeiro A, Akkermans AD, Jing Y, van Kammen A, Bisseling T, Pawlowski K. Nitrogen metabolism in actinorhizal nodules of Alnus glutinosa: expression of glutamine synthetase and acetylornithine transaminase. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 32:1177-84. [PMID: 9002618 DOI: 10.1007/bf00041403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two nodule cDNA clones representing genes involved in Alnus glutinosa nitrogen metabolism were analysed. ag11 encoded glutamine synthetase (GS), the enzyme responsible for ammonium assimilation, while ag118 encoded acetylornithine transaminase (AOTA), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of citrulline, the nitrogen transport form in Alnus. GS mRNA was found at highest levels in root nodules, where it was present in the infected cells as well as in the cells of the pericycle of the vascular system. AOTA transcripts were found at high levels in nodules, confined to the infected cells, suggesting that in nodules of A. glutinosa, citrulline biosynthesis takes place mainly in the infected cells.
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113
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Jing Y, Xu XC, Lotan R, Waxman S, Mira-y-Lopez R. Human breast carcinoma slice cultures retain retinoic acid sensitivity. Braz J Med Biol Res 1996; 29:1105-8. [PMID: 9181052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown earlier that surgical human breast cancer tissue can be maintained in culture as in culture as intact tissue slices (organ culture). Because tumor organ culture ostensibly preserves the interacting network of tumor cells, stromal fibroblasts, endothelial cells and extracellular matrix, it represents a rather complex culture system. Such a system may be especially useful in preclinical trials, where the objective is to make extrapolations to the even more complex in vivo situation. A classical therapeutic target in breast cancer is the estrogen receptor, and we showed earlier that human breast cancer slices retain expression of this receptor in culture. Retinoic acid, the active form of vitamin A, is also an important (negative) growth regulator in breast cancer. In the present communication, we used in situ hybridization to monitor the expression of retinoic acid receptors in tumor slices cultured for 4 days. We show that both members of the all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid receptor family (RAR and RXR, respectively) are expressed. Moreover, RNase protection analysis showed that expression of the cellular retinoic acid-binding protein type II gene, a known retinoic acid target gene, is upregulated by treatment with 1 microM all-trans retinoic acid for 2 days. These findings attest to the feasibility of using tumor organ cultures as a preclinical model for the evaluation of synthetic vitamin A derivatives (retinoids).
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114
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Jing Y, Zhang J, Bleiweiss IJ, Waxman S, Zelent A, Mira-Y-Lopez R. Defective expression of cellular retinol binding protein type I and retinoic acid receptors alpha2, beta2, and gamma2 in human breast cancer cells. FASEB J 1996; 10:1064-70. [PMID: 8801168 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.10.9.8801168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Because the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, inactivation of genes integral to the pathway represents a potential mechanism of carcinogenesis. We have studied in human breast cancer cells (T47D, MCF-7, ZR75-1, MDA-MB-231, and BT20) the expression of a subset of retinoid signaling genes that are themselves transcriptionally up-regulated by RA, the cellular retinol binding protein type I (CRBPI) and the RA receptors (RARs) alpha2, beta2, and gamma2. We find that constitutive expression of these genes is low or undetectable, and that expression levels are seldom responsive to 24 h treatment with 1 microM all-trans or 9-cis RA (Northern blot analysis). This is in contrast to breast fibroblasts, which show RA-dependent expression of all four genes under the same conditions. Moreover, normal human breast epithelial cells express CRBPI and RARbeta2 at the mRNA level, suggesting that loss of expression of these genes is tied to malignant transformation. RARbeta2, but not CRBPI, was also expressed in RA-treated MTSV1-7 cells, an immortalized but nontumorigenic luminal epithelial cell line. Lack of CRBPI and RARbeta2 expression in cancer cells was not due to general impairment of RA signaling, as shown by RA activation of a RARE3-tk-CAT reporter in a subclone of MDA-MB-231 cells that did not express either CRBPI or RARbeta2. These results suggest that at least two independent defects in the expression of proteins that function in retinoid signaling may be involved in breast carcinogenesis.
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115
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Jing Y, Zhang J, Waxman S, Mira-y-Lopez R. Upregulation of cytokeratins 8 and 18 in human breast cancer T47D cells is retinoid-specific and retinoic acid receptor-dependent. Differentiation 1996; 60:109-17. [PMID: 8641545 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-0436.1996.6020109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The mamary gland is chiefly composed of luminal epithelial cells expressing cytokeratins (K) 8, 18 and 19, and basal/myoepithelial cells expressing cytokeratins 5 and 14. Human breast cancer T47D cells have a luminal phenotype and are growth-inhibited by retinoids, a class of compounds known to regulate cytokeratin expression. To extend our knowledge of retinoid action in breast cancer, we have studied the retinoid regulation of cytokeratin expression in the T47D model. We found that retinoid inhibition of T47D cell growth was accompanied by increases in K8, K18 and K19 mRNA steady-state levels (Northern blot analysis). The effect on K8 was studied in greater detail. This effect was seen with as low as 1 nM all-trans retinoic acid (tRA) and was maximal (up to 7 fold over control) with 1 microM tRA (the highest dose tested). Time-course studies revealed a detectable effect at 1 h and a maximal effect at 8-24 h. Non-retinoidal growth inhibitors (tamoxifen, BrcAMP and genistein) did not modulate K8 expression, demonstrating that the effect of tRA was specific, K8 mRNA upregulation was blocked by actinomycin D and cycloheximide, suggesting, in accordance with other studies, that tRA exerted a transcriptional effect that was secondary to de novo protein synthesis. Five retinoids known to activate retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and/or retinoid X receptor (RXR) - tRA; 9-cis-retinoic acid, 9cRA; 13-cis RA, 13cRA; retinyl acetate; and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide 4HPR - inhibited T47D cell growth and increased K8 expression, whereas an arotinoid (Ro-40-8757) that is not a RAR activator caused growth inhibition but did not upregulate K8. Activation of RAR alpha contributed to K8 upregulation, since this effect was partially blocked by the RAR alpha-selective antagonist Ro-41-5253. Analogous results were obtained throughout when blots were reprobed with K18 cDNA. Western blot and immunocytochemistry experiments demonstrated that protein levels of K8 and K18 increased by 2 days of treatment with 1 microM tRA. These results show that retinoids enhance the expression of cognate cytokeratin markers of luminal differentiation in T47D breast cancer cells.
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116
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Ma PH, Wu B, Hering P, Göthel J, Ivanenko MM, Chen CC, Liu JL, Chu MX, Jing Y, Fuß W. 13C-selective dissociation of 1-chloro-1,1-difluorethane via vibrational excitation of the C–C bond. Chem Commun (Camb) 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/cc9960001429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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117
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Jing Y, Waxman S. Structural requirements for differentiation-induction and growth-inhibition of mouse erythroleukemia cells by isoflavones. Anticancer Res 1995; 15:1147-52. [PMID: 7653993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are natural plant phytoestrogens which have been shown to have anticancer proliferation, differentiation and chemopreventive effects. In order to determine structure-function requirements, we compared the effects of several isoflavone derivatives and one flavone on mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cell growth and differentiation. All chemicals tested are closely related in structure to genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone), a known differentiation inducer and tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor. Genistein, daidzein (4',7-dihydroxyisoflavone) and genistin (7-glucoside of genistein) induced differentiation of MEL cells based on benzidine staining. Biochanin A (5,7-dihydroxy-4'-metho-xyisoflavone) and apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) had no differentiation inducing effect. The potency of these chemicals on cell growth inhibition was apigenin > genistein > genistin > biochanin A > daidzein. These results suggest that the isoflavone structure and 4'-hydroxyl group are essential for the differentiation induction effect, whereas trihydroxyl derivatives are good growth inhibitors. Daidzein is a potent differentiation inducer with the least cytotoxic effect.
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118
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Jing Y, Ohizumi H, Kawazoe N, Hashimoto S, Masuda Y, Nakajo S, Yoshida T, Kuroiwa Y, Nakaya K. Selective inhibitory effect of bufalin on growth of human tumor cells in vitro: association with the induction of apoptosis in leukemia HL-60 cells. Jpn J Cancer Res 1994; 85:645-51. [PMID: 8063619 PMCID: PMC5919529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1994.tb02408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We found that bufalin, an active principle of the Chinese medicine chan'su, has selective inhibitory effects on the growth of various human cancer cells. In order to examine whether the growth-inhibitory effect of bufalin on human cancer cells is associated with apoptosis, human leukemia cells were treated with bufalin. HL-60, ML1, and U937 leukemia cells treated with bufalin at 10(-8) M and above had condensed and fragmented nuclei. Flow cytometric analysis of these cells treated with bufalin showed fragmented DNA smaller than that of the G1 phase. DNA of HL-60 cells treated with bufalin showed a ladder pattern characteristic of apoptosis, as analyzed by agarose gel electrophoretic analysis. DNA synthesis and topoisomerase II activity of HL-60 cells were markedly inhibited as the concentration of bufalin was increased. The concentration needed for inducing apoptosis of HL-60 cells was 10(-8) M, which is comparable to that of camptothecin, but lower than those of other antitumor drugs such as cisplatin, VP16 and all-trans retinoic acid. Apoptosis was not observed when human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells were treated with 10(-6) M bufalin for 24 h. These results indicate the association of the growth-inhibitory effect of bufalin with the induction of apoptosis, at least in HL-60 cells, and suggest the usefulness of bufalin for differentiation-apoptosis-inducing therapy for cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Bufanolides/pharmacology
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Division/drug effects
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/chemistry
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Materia Medica/pharmacology
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neutrophils/chemistry
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
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119
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Jing Y, Watabe M, Hashimoto S, Nakajo S, Nakaya K. Cell cycle arrest and protein kinase modulating effect of bufalin on human leukemia ML1 cells. Anticancer Res 1994; 14:1193-8. [PMID: 8074471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bufalin, an active principle of the traditional Chinese medicine chan'su, has been proved to be a potent differentiation inducer in human leukemia cells. To study the mechanism of the differentiation of human leukemia ML1 cells induced by bufalin, we measured the effect of 10 nM bufalin on cell growth, activities of various protein kinases, and cell cycle. The ML1 cell growth was inhibited significantly at 24 hr and the inhibiting effect persisted for 6 days. Activities of PKC, PKA, cdc2 kinase and CK II in ML1 cells were changed early by bufalin; PKA and PKC activities were inhibited, and cdc2 kinase and CK II activities were increased. These results suggest that bufalin induces differentiation of ML1 cells by modulating several protein kinase activities in a distinct way from RA and 1 alpha, 25(OH) 2D3. Cell cycle changes, measured by flow cytometry, became evident at 12 hr after treatment of ML1 cells with bufalin and the cells were preferentially arrested in the G2/M phase. This effect of bufalin on the cell cycle of leukemia cells is similar to that of topoisomerase inhibitors. Indeed, the activity of topoisomerase II but not topoisomerase I of ML1 cells was inhibited remarkably by the treatment of the cells with 10 nM bufalin.
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Jing Y, Hashimoto S, Nakajo S, Nakaya K. Topoisomerase inhibitors potentiate the effect of retinoic acid on cell growth inhibition and induction of differentiation of leukemia HL-60 cells. Leuk Res 1994; 18:299-304. [PMID: 8170172 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(94)90033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) and 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin ethylidene-beta-D-glucoside (VP16) at concentrations of 0-10 nM and 0-400 nM, respectively, have weak synergistic effects with retinoic acid (RA) on the induction of differentiation and growth inhibition of HL-60 cells. However, pretreatment of HL-60 cells with the above respective concentrations of CPT or VP16 for 1 h, had no influence on the differentiation of HL-60 cells induced by the following treatment with RA: when HL-60 cells were pretreated with CPT or VP16 at concentrations of 80 nM or 16 microM, respectively, the following treatment with RA had a synergistic effect on the induction of differentiation and growth inhibition. Morphology and biochemical markers were used to show that the differentiation-inducing effect of RA on HL-60 cells was potentiated by pretreatment with higher concentrations of 80 nM CPT or 16 microM VP16. The present results suggest that combination of CPT or VP16 at low concentration with RA or pretreatment with higher concentrations of camptothecin or VP16, followed by RA treatment may be useful for increasing the differentiation effect of RA and decreasing the side effects of RA.
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Jing Y, Xue RM, Zhang ZY, Yao HW, Dong ZL. Distribution and histochemical characteristics of mast cells in stroma of the cervix squamous cell carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 1993; 106:698-702. [PMID: 8287708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution and histochemical characteristics of mast cells in the stroma of cervical squamous cell carcinoma were investigated using different staining methods of alcian blue-safranin, berberine sulphate and toluidine blue. The findings suggest that mast cells in the stroma of the squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix might contain a glycosaminoglycan different from that of typical connective tissue mast cell (CTMC) and mucosal mast cell (MCC). They thus, might be a specific subset of mast cells though sharing some of the staining properties of both CTMC and MMC. In the cervical carcinoma in situ, mast cells were distributed closely around the tumor or the involved glands with great density and the number was significantly higher than that of the invasive carcinoma (P < 0.01). In invasive carcinoma, mast cells were mainly distributed in the deep stroma and the stroma around the tumor, only a few in the stroma within the tumor (P < 0.01). The significance of mast cell reaction in the stroma of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is discussed.
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Jing Y, Nakaya K, Han R. Differentiation of promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60 induced by daidzein in vitro and in vivo. Anticancer Res 1993; 13:1049-54. [PMID: 8352524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have screened more than one thousand synthetic and natural chemicals to explore differentiation inducers and found that daidzein has potent differentiation-inducing activity for human leukemia HL-60 cells, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro study showed that daidzein at concentrations exceeding 10 micrograms/ml caused inhibition of HL-60 cells; and it induced differentiation of the cells into granulocytic lineage as judged by NBT reduction activity, phagocytic ability and morphological characteristics. Flow cytometry study indicated that daidzein arrested HL-60 cells in the G1 phase. The growth of HL-60 cells in the subrenal capsules of mice and in diffusion chambers implanted into the peritoneal cavities of mice was inhibited by 50 mg/kg daidzein. HL-60 cells treated with daidzein in vivo also exhibited characteristic morphological changes of matured cells. Moreover, the colony forming efficiency of HL-60 cells in diffusion chambers in mice was markedly inhibited by the administration of daidzein.
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Jing Y, Han R. [Inhibitory effects of several antitumor drugs on the growth of HL-60 cells in SRC of mice]. ZHONGGUO YI XUE KE XUE YUAN XUE BAO. ACTA ACADEMIAE MEDICINAE SINICAE 1992; 14:361-4. [PMID: 1299540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells provide a useful model system for the study of cell differentiation in vitro. Here the growth of HL-60 cells as a solid clot with fibrin in subrenal capsules (SRC) of mice was studied. The cell volume of HL-60 cells increased 5 and 15-fold between 6-9 days after transplantation into normal and CYT immunosuppressed mice, respectively. Histological study revealed typical proliferation and invasion characteristics of HL-60 cells and higher tumor cell density. RA, RII, Ara-C, Harringtonine and HMBA significantly inhibited the growth of HL-60 cells in SRC of mice. This model provides a useful system for the study of the effect of drugs on cultured tumor cells or leukemia cell lines in vivo.
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Liu F, Jing Y, Peng Y, Huang Y. [Chemical constituents of Ipomola batatas Lam]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1991; 16:551-2, 575. [PMID: 1804202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Three chemical compounds isolated from the leaves and stems of Ipomoea batatas were identified as fumaric acid, succinic acid and 7,3',4'-trimethylquercetin by chemical and spectroscopic analysis. In this paper, an analysis of the amino-acids of Ipomoea batatas is also reported.
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Jing Y, Zhang B, Shan X. Pseudonodules formation on barley roots induced byRhizobium astragali. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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