Partial purification and properties of the common inherited forms of adenosine deaminase from human erythrocytes

1. The partial purification of adenosine deaminase, types 1, 2 and 2-1, from human erythrocytes is described. 2. The isoenzyme components characteristic of the three forms of the enzyme were partially resolved by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. 3. Gel chromatography of the various forms of the enzyme gave estimates of the molecular weights in the range 30000-35000. 4. Electrophoresis in starch gels containing increasing percentages of starch did not reveal any differences in molecular weight between the genetic variants or their isoenzyme components. 5. Analytical isoelectric-focusing experiments in polyacrylamide gels gave the following pI values for the four isoenzyme components present in type 2-1 erythrocytes: 4.70, 4.83, 4.94 and 5.06. 6. All forms of the enzyme gave K(m) values for adenosine of about 30mum and K(i) values of about 8mum for the competitive inhibitor purine riboside. 7. Reaction rates of the type 1 and 2 enzymes were measured at different temperatures. Both enzymes gave values for the energy of activation for hydrolysis of adenosine of about 33.4kJ/mol (8kcal/mol). 8. Heat inactivation of all forms of the enzyme was markedly dependent on ionic strength, the rate of inactivation increasing with increasing ionic strength. The type 1 and type 2 forms of the enzyme differed significantly in their susceptibility to heat inactivation. From the variation of rates of inactivation with temperature, values were obtained for the energies of activation for the heat inactivation of both enzymes as follows: type 1 enzyme 275.5kJ/mol (65.9kcal/mol) and type 2 enzyme 241.6kJ/mol (57.8kcal/mol.).

Blood groups, red cell enzymes and serum proteins of baboons and vervets

ABO saliva blood groups, 21 enzyme, 7 serum protein and the haemoglobin systems of 56 baboons and 61 vervets from South Africa were tested. Baboons were found to have a high frequency (0.728) of blood group A, 6 PGD and transferrin systems were polymorphic, and haptoglobins were subtyped. Variation also occurred in CA, MDH, PGK, PGM2, Pep B, α1-antitrypsin and caeruloplasmin systems. Vervets were polymorphic in ADA, α1-antitrypsin and caeruloplasmin systems and haptoglobins were subtyped. Variation also occurred in Pep D system. Phenotype frequencies varied according to area of origin in both species.

Red cell enzymes and serum proteins of Cercopithecus aethiops (South African green monkey)

Nine enzyme and 5 serum protein systems were investigated in blood samples from 8 South African green monkeys. Two phenotypes were observed in 3 systems, ADA, diaphorase, Pi, and variation may exist in PHI and caeruloplasmin systems. The phenotype observed in the PGM and erythrocyte acid phosphatase systems differed from the common human phenotype and that observed in the 6 PGD, LDH, AK, peptidase B, haptoglobin, transferrin and albumin systems was similar to the common human phenotype.