101
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Sokolova TV, Ikramov A. [An analysis of the plasmid profile of Shigella flexneri strains used for obtaining vaccinal preparations]. ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII, EPIDEMIOLOGII I IMMUNOBIOLOGII 1994:67-8. [PMID: 7879547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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102
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Cortiñas TI, Micalizzi B, de Guzman AM. Influence of culture conditions on growth and protective antigenicity of Clostridium chauvoei. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1994; 77:382-7. [PMID: 7989266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb03438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of culture conditions on growth and immunogenicity of Clostridium chauvoei were examined. The pH control and partial feeding of the carbon source at high concentrations were beneficial for growth. The biomass yield was significatively improved, however the butanol concentration reached toxic levels hampering further growth. For each experimental condition the immunogenicity of cells was tested. No differences were found with cells obtained at different temperatures, but it decreased significatively with the partial supply of the carbon source and pH control.
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103
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Bhattacharjee AK, Opal SM, Palardy JE, Drabick JJ, Collins H, Taylor R, Cotton A, Cross AS. Affinity-purified Escherichia coli J5 lipopolysaccharide-specific IgG protects neutropenic rats against gram-negative bacterial sepsis. J Infect Dis 1994; 170:622-9. [PMID: 8077720 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/170.3.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies were raised in rabbits by immunization with the heat-killed J5 mutant of Escherichia coli O111 (Rc chemotype). Serum antibodies were separated into purified IgG and IgM by sequential affinity chromatography on protein G-Sepharose and anti-rabbit IgG-Sepharose columns. J5 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific IgG was prepared by affinity chromatography of purified IgG on a J5 LPS-EAH Sepharose 4B affinity column. Purified IgM, IgG, and J5 LPS-specific IgG protected neutropenic rats against lethal challenge with Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12:4:4 (Fisher Devlin immunotype 6). Nine of 16 rats treated with the IgM fraction were protected (P < .001). Thirteen of 20 rats treated with the purified IgG and 6 of 8 treated with J5 LPS-specific IgG were protected compared with none of 25 treated with IgG made from the preimmune serum of the same rabbit (P < .001). These results demonstrate that purified J5 LPS-specific IgG protects against the lethal consequences of gram-negative bacteremia.
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104
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Sangari FJ, García-Lobo JM, Agüero J. The Brucella abortus vaccine strain B19 carries a deletion in the erythritol catabolic genes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1994; 121:337-42. [PMID: 7926690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus B19, an avirulent strain obtained by spontaneous mutation, is used worldwide as a vaccine for the control of bovine brucellosis. B19 differs from other B. abortus strains in its sensitivity to erythritol. We took advantage of a previously obtained erythritol sensitive Tn5 insertion mutant of B. abortus 2308 to clone the chromosomal region containing erythritol catabolic genes from this representative pathogenic strain and from the vaccine strain B19. Physical mapping with restriction endonucleases and nucleotide sequence determination revealed the existence of a 702 bp long deletion, occurring between two short direct repeats, in the chromosome of B19. This deletion rendered the B19 strain sensitive to erythritol. Two oligonucleotides whose sequences flank this deletion provided an easy method to differentiate B19 from all other B. abortus isolates.
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105
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Tseneva GI, Bondarenko VM, Voskresenskaia EA, Kuliashova LB. [The protective activity of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis antigens]. ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII, EPIDEMIOLOGII I IMMUNOBIOLOGII 1994:45-8. [PMID: 7992535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Samples of Y.pseudotuberculosis (serovar I) antigens, represent a high-molecular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fraction with a mol. wt. of 22.5 kD and fractions of outer membrane proteins isolated by the method of M. Osborn and R. Munson (1974), were tested in comparison with the activity with live cells of Y. pseudotuberculosis I attenuated mutant KV 9/2, having lost its Cad plasmid of virulence with a mol. wt. of 47 MD and carrying 2 attenuating markers: resistance to crystal violet and nalidixic acid. In experiments on guinea pigs pathomorphological studies demonstrated high protective activity of Y.pseudotuberculosis I attenuated mutant KV 9/2 and a pronounced protective effect achieved after the immunization of the animals with complex biopolymers, including a high-molecular LPS fraction and outer membrane proteins.
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106
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Mára M, Ocenásková J, Nováková M, Julák J, Mencíková E. Resistance to infection and activation of the monocyto-macrophage system caused by Bacillus firmus and its fractions. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1994; 39:147-51. [PMID: 7959430 DOI: 10.1007/bf02906811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Crude lipids isolated from Bacillus firmus, but not from other bacilli, were previously found to induce significant resistance against Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. In this study, formaldehyde- and heat-killed bacterins of eight Bacillus species and some cellular fractions of B. firmus were prepared and tested for further immunomodulatory activities. Crude lipids, their aqueous extract, LTA, Protodyne and Pex-residue preparations exhibited a strong anti-infection activity, whereas Pextract, P40 and all bacterins tested had no effect. Formaldehyde-killed bacterins, live bacteria and the P40 preparation of both B. firmus strains, as well as bacterins of both B. subtilis strains, induced pronounced splenomegaly in mice. Peptidoglycan and Pex-residue induced significant depression of cytochrome P-450 in mouse liver microsomes after application of 0.1 mg per mouse. Optimal conditions for obtaining a bacterial suspension exhibiting these immunomodulatory properties were elaborated.
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107
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Chen M, Lee A, Hazell SL, Hu P, Li Y. Lack of protection against gastric Helicobacter infection following immunisation with jack bean urease: the rejection of a novel hypothesis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1994; 116:245-50. [PMID: 8181696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The common mucosal immune system was stimulated by oral immunisation with jack bean urease and the adjuvant cholera toxin. A high level of local antibody and serum antibody was induced in mice following hyperimmunisation with this combination. No cross-reacting antibody was found against either Helicobacter pylori or Helicobacter felis. No protection was observed against oral challenge of immunised mice with living H. felis thus disproving the interesting hypothesis of Pallen and Clayton that plant urease might induce a protective immunity against helicobacter infection.
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108
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Jiménez de Bagüés MP, Elzer PH, Blasco JM, Marín CM, Gamazo C, Winter AJ. Protective immunity to Brucella ovis in BALB/c mice following recovery from primary infection or immunization with subcellular vaccines. Infect Immun 1994; 62:632-8. [PMID: 8300219 PMCID: PMC186150 DOI: 10.1128/iai.62.2.632-638.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiments were performed with BALB/c mice to elucidate the roles of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in the acquisition of protective immunity to Brucella ovis and to compare infection immunity with immunity developed through vaccination with a hot saline extract (HS) of B. ovis. Mice convalescing from a primary infection with B. ovis displayed a high level of resistance to reinfection, as evidenced by splenic bacterial counts decreased over 10,000-fold from control groups at 2 weeks after challenge. Passive transfer assays revealed that protection was mediated by both T lymphocytes and antibodies but that antibodies had a substantially greater role on the basis of log units of protection that were transferred. Antibodies specific for HS proteins in sera from convalescent mice were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G 2a and 3 isotypes. Vaccination with HS conferred good protection against B. ovis, but protection was greatly enhanced by the incorporation of QS-21 or other adjuvants. Protection provided by the HS vaccine resulted largely from immune responses to its protein moieties. A critical evaluation of the protective efficacy of the rough lipopolysaccharide component of HS was precluded by its poor immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. HS-QS-21 afforded protection against challenge infection with B. ovis as good as that which developed after a primary infection and as good as or better than that provided by attenuated Brucella melitensis vaccine strain Rev 1. Passive transfer experiments confirmed that the magnitudes of both humoral and cell-mediated forms of protective immunity were equivalent in mice vaccinated with HS-QS-21 and those recovering from a primary infection. Protective immunity to B. ovis in mice therefore resembled that to Brucella abortus, except that the relative roles of humoral and cell-mediated immunity, rather than being equivalent, were shifted toward a greater role for antibodies.
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109
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Guerry P, Pope PM, Burr DH, Leifer J, Joseph SW, Bourgeois AL. Development and characterization of recA mutants of Campylobacter jejuni for inclusion in attenuated vaccines. Infect Immun 1994; 62:426-32. [PMID: 8300203 PMCID: PMC186125 DOI: 10.1128/iai.62.2.426-432.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Isogenic recA mutants of Campylobacter jejuni have been constructed for evaluation of their usefulness in attenuated vaccines against this major worldwide cause of diarrhea. The recA+ gene of C. jejuni 81-176 was cloned by using degenerate primers to conserved regions of other RecA proteins in a PCR. The C. jejuni recA+ gene encodes a predicted protein with an M(r) of 37,012 with high sequence similarity to other RecA proteins. The termination codon of the recA+ gene overlaps with the initiation codon of another open reading frame which encodes a predicted protein which has > 50% identity with the N terminus of the Escherichia coli enolase protein. A kanamycin resistance gene was inserted into the cloned recA+ gene in E. coli and returned to C. jejuni VC83 by natural transformation, resulting in allelic replacement of the wild-type recA gene. The resulting VC83 recA mutant displayed increased sensitivity to UV light and a defect in generalized recombination as determined by natural transformation frequencies. The mutated recA gene was amplified from VC83 recA by PCR, and the product was used to transfer the mutation by natural transformation into C. jejuni 81-176 and 81-116, resulting in isogenic recA mutants with phenotypes similar to VC83 recA. After oral feeding, strain 81-176 recA colonized rabbits at levels comparable to wild-type 81-176 and was capable of eliciting the same degree of protection as wild-type 81-176 against subsequent homologous challenge in the RITARD (removable intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea) model.
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110
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Brossay L, Villeneuve A, Paradis G, Coté L, Mourad W, Hébert J. Mimicry of a neutralizing epitope of the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis by anti-idiotypic antibodies. Infect Immun 1994; 62:341-7. [PMID: 7507888 PMCID: PMC186113 DOI: 10.1128/iai.62.2.341-347.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The major outer membrane protein (MOMP) is a primary target antigen for the development of chlamydial vaccine. This protein is composed of four variable domains (I to IV) flanked by constant regions. Some of the variable domains contain antigenic determinants that elicit a neutralizing antibody response. Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against three nonoverlapping epitopes of MOMP were developed. One of these, called DP10, bound to all serovars, as shown by immunoblot analysis, and neutralized chlamydial infectivity for hamster kidney (HaK) cells in a complement-independent in vitro assay. Furthermore, analysis of the fine specificity of this MAb showed that it recognized a synthetic peptide contained within variable domain IV of the MOMP. Anti-idiotypic antibodies (aId) directed against this anti-MOMP MAb were produced in rabbits. These aId specifically bound to the relevant idiotype (DP10) and inhibited the binding of anti-MOMP MAb (DP10) to MOMP preparations in a dose-dependent fashion. The specificity of our aId for the binding site of anti-MOMP MAb is further suggested by the binding inhibition of affinity-purified aId to DP10 by the synthetic peptide defined by the idiotype. In addition, these aId also reacted with anti-MOMP antisera from rats and mice, suggesting an idiotypic cross-reactivity between these species. Finally, immunization of naive mice with aId induced an antibody response directed against the peptide defined by our anti-MOMP MAb and with neutralizing activity. Taken together, these data suggest that aId mimic a neutralization site on MOMP and could serve as a surrogate antigen to induce protective immunity against Chlamydia trachomatis.
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111
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Control of Salmonella infections in animals and prevention of human foodborne Salmonella infections. WHO Consultation. Bull World Health Organ 1994; 72:831-3. [PMID: 7867127 PMCID: PMC2486739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In many countries the incidence of human salmonella infections has markedly increased in recent years. To discuss recent developments and current understanding on the control of salmonella infections in animals, WHO organized a Consultation on the Control of Salmonella Infections in Animals: Prevention of Foodborne Salmonella Infections in Humans, held in Jena, Germany, on 21-26 November 1993. The present article summarizes the recommendations made by the participants on the pathoimmunogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology, and control of salmonella infections and contaminations in animal production.
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112
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Garbe TR, Barathi J, Barnini S, Zhang Y, Abou-Zeid C, Tang D, Mukherjee R, Young DB. Transformation of mycobacterial species using hygromycin resistance as selectable marker. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1994; 140 ( Pt 1):133-8. [PMID: 8162182 DOI: 10.1099/13500872-140-1-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation with shuttle plasmids carrying a kanamycin resistance gene as a selectable marker failed to generate transformants in two mycobacterial species currently being used in human vaccine trials (Mycobacterium w and Mycobacterium vaccae). In contrast, efficient transformation [10(3)-10(5) transformants (micrograms DNA)-1] was obtained using novel vectors with selection based on expression of resistance to hygromycin. The hygromycin resistance vector was also found to be more efficient than kanamycin resistance vectors for transformation of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The hygromycin resistance vector was used to overexpress superoxide dismutase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in M. vaccae in a form suitable for detailed structural analysis. The potential use of this approach for generation of novel recombinant mycobacterial vaccines is discussed.
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113
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Qian H, Dao ML. Inactivation of the Streptococcus mutans wall-associated protein A gene (wapA) results in a decrease in sucrose-dependent adherence and aggregation. Infect Immun 1993; 61:5021-8. [PMID: 8225578 PMCID: PMC281278 DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.12.5021-5028.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A 0.8-kb HindIII-BamHI internal fragment of the Streptococcus mutans wall-associated protein A gene (wapA) was ligated to the 5.1-kb HindIII-BamHI fragment of the chimeric Streptococcus-Escherichia coli plasmid pVA891 (Emr Cmr). The resulting construct was used to transform S. mutans GS-5, and erythromycin-resistant mutants were isolated and analyzed. Directed mutagenesis of the wapA gene by plasmid insertion through homologous recombination was demonstrated by Southern blot hybridization with the wapA and pVA891 probes. Stable mutants were obtained, and the alteration of the wapA gene by insertional inactivation was associated with a significant decrease in S. mutans sucrose-dependent aggregation and binding to smooth surfaces. Thus, WapA may play an important role in the colonization of the tooth surface by S. mutans and in the buildup of dental plaque. These findings provided an explanation for previous studies which indicated that WapA was effective in the prevention of dental caries in animal models. Thus, the use of recombinant WapA in the preparation of a safe and effective human dental vaccine should be investigated further.
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114
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Hughes CA, Engstrom SM, Coleman LA, Kodner CB, Johnson RC. Protective immunity is induced by a Borrelia burgdorferi mutant that lacks OspA and OspB. Infect Immun 1993; 61:5115-22. [PMID: 8225588 PMCID: PMC281290 DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.12.5115-5122.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A mutant of virulent Borrelia burgdorferi 297 was apparently selected for by long-term storage at 5 degrees C. This mutant was found to lack the plasmid which encodes outer surface protein A (OspA) and OspB. In addition to the loss of the OspA and OspB proteins, the mutant lacked two lipoproteins, of 20 and 7.5 kDa, that were observed in the wild type. Since the mutant was not recovered from the tissues or blood of hamsters injected with the mutant, the mutant was determined to be noninfectious. Hamsters vaccinated with noninfectious mutant 297 were protected completely from challenge with virulent wild-type 297 spirochetes. Prechallenge sera from hamsters vaccinated with mutant 297 lacked antibodies to OspA and OspB, while those from hamsters vaccinated with virulent wild-type 297 or avirulent 297 exhibited antibodies to these proteins. Hamsters vaccinated with virulent wild-type 297 or mutant 297 elicited antibodies to OspC and a 39-kDa protein (P39), whereas hamsters vaccinated with avirulent 297 lacked these antibodies. These results suggest that OspC and/or P39 are important for the development of a protective immune response. Study of this mutant may elucidate factors important to the development of a Lyme disease vaccine.
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115
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Oberle SM, Palmer GH, Barbet AF. Expression and immune recognition of the conserved MSP4 outer membrane protein of Anaplasma marginale. Infect Immun 1993; 61:5245-51. [PMID: 7693596 PMCID: PMC281308 DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.12.5245-5251.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining conserved, protective epitopes is essential to the design of an effective vaccine against bovine anaplasmosis. MSP4, one of six initial body proteins recognized by a neutralizing serum, is conserved among Anaplasma marginale isolates at both the protein and the DNA levels. Sera from cattle immunized with an outer membrane fraction of A. marginale and protected from a virulent challenge bind MSP4. The gene for MSP4 has been cloned, and the recombinant protein has been expressed, isolated, and demonstrated to share epitopes with the native protein expressed on initial bodies. MSP4 may have a greater potential to protect cattle from a challenge by heterologous isolates than other A. marginale surface proteins, which vary widely in size and structure.
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116
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Sakata M, Kawai T, Ohkuma K, Ihara H, Hirayama C. Reduction of endotoxin contamination of various crude vaccine materials by gram-negative bacteria using aminated poly(gamma-methyl L-glutamate) spherical particles. Biol Pharm Bull 1993; 16:1065-8. [PMID: 7508778 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.16.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method for the removal of endotoxins from various crude antigen solutions originating from gram-negative bacteria using aminated poly(gamma-methyl L-glutamate) (PMLG) spherical particles. The aminated PMLG adsorbents showed high affinity for various purified endotoxins at an ionic strength of mu = 0.1. The endotoxin-adsorbing capacity of the adsorbent increased with increase in the amino-group content of the adsorbent. The adsorbent (3.2 meq/g amino-group content) showed the highest affinity for endotoxin at ionic strengths ranging from mu = 0.025-0.8. The adsorption of Bordetella pertussis antigen to the adsorbent decreased with increasing amino-group content of the adsorbent at an ionic strength of mu = 0.2. The adsorption of B. bronchiseptica protein to the adsorbent increased with increasing amino-group content of the adsorbent, but decreased with increasing ionic strength. The adsorbent (3.2 meq/g of amino-group content) selectively reduced endotoxin in crude antigen solutions originating from gram-negative bacteria, B. pertussis, B. bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida, even at a high ionic strength (mu = 0.2-0.4) without affecting the recovery of the protective antigens.
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117
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Basnak'ian IA, Miriasova LV, Sokolova TV, Ian'kova MM, Kalina NG, Elkina SI, Sergeev VV. [The optimization of the technology for culturing vaccinal strains of Shigella flexneri]. ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII, EPIDEMIOLOGII I IMMUNOBIOLOGII 1993:6-10. [PMID: 8067146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The drainage-filling cultivation process for three Shigella flexneri vaccine strains in small-capacity fermenters has been developed. The study has shown that after hydroxylamine treatment the yield of the antigenic component, calculated per 1000 million microbial cells, is tenfold higher in comparison with the traditional method.
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118
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Kazhina MV, Pozniak SB. [An experimental study of autovaccines prepared with different preservatives]. ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII, EPIDEMIOLOGII I IMMUNOBIOLOGII 1993:61-5. [PMID: 8067147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The comparative study of the immunological potency of staphylococcal vaccines prepared on the basis of different preservatives the mixture of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and 0.5% novocaine solution in combination with Gorgiev's bactericidal fluid) was made in experiments on mice. The vaccine was prepared from three staphylococcal strains isolated from chronic tonsillitis patients. The optimum low concentrations of formaldehyde (0.025%) and glutaraldehyde (0.0125%), producing bactericidal effect on staphylococci, have been established. The vaccine prepared with the use of Gorgiev's bactericidal fluid and 0.5% novocaine solution was found to have the highest immunogenic potency. The vaccine prepared on the basis of the aldehyde mixture exhibited the lowest potency.
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119
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de Wit JJ, Hartman EG, Braunius WW. [Pasteurella anatipestifer: a controllable farm problem]. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR DIERGENEESKUNDE 1993; 118:469-71. [PMID: 8367840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The performance of 13 flocks of ducks on a duck farm decreased markedly. Post-mortem and bacteriological examinations indicated that Pasteurella anatipestifer was a major cause, although Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Treponema spp. were also detected. Use of an autovaccine against Pasteurella anatipestifer markedly reduced the signs and symptoms in the second part of fattening period.
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120
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Rozhavin MA. [Autovaccines: a new look at an old preparation]. LIKARS'KA SPRAVA 1993:39-44. [PMID: 8079472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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121
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Avakian AP, Ley DH. Inhibition of Mycoplasma gallisepticum growth and attachment to chick tracheal rings by antibodies to a 64-kilodalton membrane protein of M. gallisepticum. Avian Dis 1993; 37:706-14. [PMID: 8257360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) strain R protein of 64 kilodaltons (p64) was partially digested from the surface of the bacterium by trypsin. Monospecific polyclonal anti-p64 IgG inhibited attachment of MG to chick tracheal rings by as much as 69%. However, trypsin treatment of viable MG cells did not reduce attachment to tracheal rings or hemagglutination titer. Anti-p64 IgG inhibited growth of MG strain R in broth and on solid media, inhibited the uptake of radiolabeled thymidine, but did not inhibit hemagglutination. Anti-p64 IgG inhibited growth of eight MG strains on solid medium. The degree of growth inhibition varied widely depending on the strain and correlated positively with the reported virulence of the MG strains with one exception (A5969). An IgG monoclonal antibody to p64 (MyG 001) inhibited growth of MG strain R on solid and in broth media. The strong attachment-inhibition activity of anti-p64 IgG may result from its growth-inhibiting activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of MG strains suggested that p64 is expressed in higher amounts in vitro in virulent strains (R, S6) than in strains of low virulence (F, M876, K503, K703, K730). P64 should be used to immunize chickens to determine if it can stimulate a growth and attachment-inhibiting response in the respiratory tract.
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122
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Abstract
Environmental applications of genetically engineered microorganisms have caused concern among scientists, the authorities and the general public. Despite the many potential benefits offered by gene technology to agriculture, environment protection and the medical sector, only a few cases of released engineered bacteria have been permitted. In this review, the design of safer organisms for release purposes is discussed with specific emphasis on the use of suicide systems to limit the survival of bacteria in the environment.
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123
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Iartsev MI, Basnak'ian IA, Raevskiĭ AA, Sapegina EP, Shishov VP, Rogozhin SP, Tokarik EF, Maslak AA. [The development of a technology for the production of live dried vaccines against avian pasteurellosis and swine erysipelas]. ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII, EPIDEMIOLOGII I IMMUNOBIOLOGII 1993:63-70. [PMID: 8067095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The technology of the production of dried live vaccine against Pasteurella infection of fowl from Pasteur's 2nd avirulent strain, strains AB and K, has been developed. This technology includes the process of batch cultivation of Pasteurella cells, controlled in such parameters as eH, pO2 and glucose concentration, in fermenters in optimized culture medium, based on Hottinger hydrolysate and fermentative casein-yeast hydrolysate, and preservation in improved saccharose-gelatin medium prepared in potassium sulfate buffer solution. The new technology makes it possible to increase the yield of preparations with stable biological activity 5- to 13-fold in comparison with the traditional technology. Furthermore, the technology of the production of live dried vaccine against swine erysipelas from Erysipelothrix insidiosa strain BP-2 has been developed. This technology is based on maintaining the optimum conditions of the batch cultivation of E. insidiosa in meat medium based on Hottinger hydrolysate and media obtained from hydrolysate of pancreatic fermentation products of microbial biomass; the preparation thus obtained is stabilized in peptone-saccharose-gelatin medium prepared in potassium phosphate buffer solution. This increases the yield of the vaccine 8-fold in comparison with the traditional technology, while ensuring the stability of bacteria after drying and during prolonged storage.
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124
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Meyer H, Koch H, Methner U, Steinbach G. Vaccines in salmonellosis control in animals. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1993; 278:407-15. [PMID: 8347943 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8840(11)80857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
1. It has been demonstrated that it was possible, under the conditions of the former GDR (East Germany), to decisively decrease the occurrence of Salmonella in livestock by means of the consequent combination of a good management including hygienic measures and of immunoprophylactic measures. This is one of the most important conditions for reducing the risk of food poisoning in man. 2. If using Salmonella live vaccines, cross immunity can be put to use. 3. Amount and duration of Salmonella shedding by calves can be decreased using orally administered live vaccines. 4. The immunogenicity of the S. typhimurium mutant serving as vaccine strain for Zoosaloral "Dessau" was retained after its 60-MDa plasmid had been deleted.
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Tommassen J, Agterberg M, Janssen R, Spierings G. Use of the enterobacterial outer membrane protein PhoE in the development of new vaccines and DNA probes. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1993; 278:396-406. [PMID: 7688607 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8840(11)80856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PhoE protein is a major outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli. The polypeptide spans the membrane 16 times, thereby exposing 8 regions at the cell surface. Insertions in these regions did not affect the biogenesis of the protein. Therefore, we considered the possibility of using PhoE as a vector for the exposure of foreign antigenic determinants at the cell surface, with the ultimate goal of constructing new (live oral) vaccines. Via recombinant DNA techniques, B-cell epitopes of VP1 protein of foot-and-mouth-disease virus were inserted in the exposed regions of PhoE. The inserted epitopes were antigenic and immunogenic in the PhoE-associated conformation. Guinea pigs, immunized with such a hybrid protein were protected against viral challenge. Similarly, a T-cell epitope of the 65 kDa heat-shock protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis remained antigenic and immunogenic in the PhoE-associated conformation, although recognition by the cells of the immune system was dependent on the amino acids, flanking the epitope. When the amino acid sequences of the PhoE proteins of different members of the family of Enterobacteriaceae are compared, the cell surface-exposed regions are hypervariable. Therefore, we considered the possibility that the DNA segments encoding these regions are species-specific. By using synthetic oligonucleotides corresponding to such DNA segments, primer couples for the specific detection and identification of different enterobacterial species, including Salmonella, by polymerase chain reactions have been developed.
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