1301
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Wu S, Schenkenberg T, Wing SD, Osborn AG. Cognitive correlates of diffuse cerebral atrophy determined by computed tomography. Neurology 1981; 31:1180-4. [PMID: 7196545 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.31.9.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between severity of diffuse cerebral atrophy determined by computed tomography (CT) and severity of cognitive impairment was examined in 55 men, 50 to 77 years old. Partial correlations, controlling for the effects of age and education, indicated that increased cerebral atrophy was associated with decline in orientation, recent memory, and general level of intellectual functioning. Correlations between degree of atrophy and decline in immediate and remote memory were not significant. Despite significant associations between cerebral atrophy and some aspects of intellectual functioning, considerable variance in performance on cognitive tasks was not explained by cerebral atrophy. Therefore, the degree of diffuse cortical and central atrophy observed on CT scan did not closely predict the degree of cognitive dysfunction, nor did the observation of cerebral atrophy necessarily indicate the presence of dementia.
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1302
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Wee SL, Wu S, Alter BJ, Bach FH. Early detection and specificity analysis of human cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) colonies generated in soft agarose culture: a potential assay for definition of CTL defined (CD) determinants. Hum Immunol 1981; 3:45-56. [PMID: 6168621 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(81)90042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this communication we describe and early, large-scale screening assay for the detection of colonies with varied cytolytic specificity. The colonies are generated in soft agarose culture from day 3 mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) alloactivated cells. A cell mediated lympholysis (CML) assay utilizing as few as 500 target cells has made it possible to prescreen for cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) colonies and to test for antigen specificities as early as 11 and 14 days, respectively, after MLC priming. Large numbers of colonies, from 80 to over 150, have been prescreened against a specific sensitizing target cell, and as many as 30 CTL colonies have been simultaneously tested against a panel of multiple targets carrying defined HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR antigens to evaluate antigen specificity. All CTL colonies are lytic against the specific sensitizing target cell and do not lyse the target autologous to the responder. Some are found to be operationally specific in that they lyse only those target cells which share HLA serologically defined (SD) antigens with the sensitizing cells, and other show cytolytic patterns which are not correlated with known HLA-SD antigens. These observations support, at a much finer level of analysis, the possible distinction between SD and CTL defined (CD) determinants.
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1303
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Wu S, Bach FH. Helper cells in murine thymus for the generation of primary cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vitro. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1981. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.126.2.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Thymocytes used as responding cells in a mixed leukocyte culture with gamma-irradiated splenic stimulating cells generated highly significant proliferative and cytolytic responses when responding and stimulating cells differed by the entire H-2 complex or at H-2K plus H-21 regions. On the other hand, when the difference was only an H-2K region, very little, if any, proliferative response was detectable and no cytolytic response was found. Because it has been claimed by others that thymocytes do not include cells needed to provide the help required for the generation of a cytolytic response and yet we have found a highly significant response in thymocytes, we have analyzed, in 2 systems, the possible role of back-response by stimulating spleen cells in the generation of cytolytic activity by responding thymocytes. In the first system, spleen cells were depleted of T lymphocytes by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 antiserum plus complement. In the second system, F1 hybrid mouse spleen cells were used to stimulate parental responding thymocytes. In both cases, no back-response as measured by cell proliferation in mixed leukocyte culture was detected, while both types of spleen cells still stimulate significant cell proliferation and cytolytic activity from responding thymocytes, as well as from responding spleen cells. Furthermore, it was found that in the presence of stimulating spleen cells (either T lymphocyte-depleted or not) that differ from the responding thymocytes at the entire H-2 complex, thymocytes were capable of generating a significant and specific cytolytic response to H-2K region different stimulating spleen cells (either T lymphocyte-depleted or not). These results are compatible with the suggestion that there are sufficient numbers of helper cells in the unfractionated thymocyte population for the generation of primary cytolytic T lymphocyte responses in vitro.
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1304
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Wu S, Bach FH. Helper cells in murine thymus for the generation of primary cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vitro. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1981; 126:775-80. [PMID: 6969763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Thymocytes used as responding cells in a mixed leukocyte culture with gamma-irradiated splenic stimulating cells generated highly significant proliferative and cytolytic responses when responding and stimulating cells differed by the entire H-2 complex or at H-2K plus H-21 regions. On the other hand, when the difference was only an H-2K region, very little, if any, proliferative response was detectable and no cytolytic response was found. Because it has been claimed by others that thymocytes do not include cells needed to provide the help required for the generation of a cytolytic response and yet we have found a highly significant response in thymocytes, we have analyzed, in 2 systems, the possible role of back-response by stimulating spleen cells in the generation of cytolytic activity by responding thymocytes. In the first system, spleen cells were depleted of T lymphocytes by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 antiserum plus complement. In the second system, F1 hybrid mouse spleen cells were used to stimulate parental responding thymocytes. In both cases, no back-response as measured by cell proliferation in mixed leukocyte culture was detected, while both types of spleen cells still stimulate significant cell proliferation and cytolytic activity from responding thymocytes, as well as from responding spleen cells. Furthermore, it was found that in the presence of stimulating spleen cells (either T lymphocyte-depleted or not) that differ from the responding thymocytes at the entire H-2 complex, thymocytes were capable of generating a significant and specific cytolytic response to H-2K region different stimulating spleen cells (either T lymphocyte-depleted or not). These results are compatible with the suggestion that there are sufficient numbers of helper cells in the unfractionated thymocyte population for the generation of primary cytolytic T lymphocyte responses in vitro.
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1305
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Wu S, Bach FH, Sopori M. Differential allo-response of murine thymocytes to H- 2 K region different recombinants and to H-2Kb mutants. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1980; 124:2464-7. [PMID: 6444973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Thymocytes used as responding cells in a mixed leukocyte culture with x-irradiated splenic stimulating cells generate highly significant proliferative and cytotoxic responses when responding and stimulating cells differ by the entire H-2 complex. On the other hand, when the genetic difference between responding and stimulating cells is only a K region, very little, if any, proliferative response is detectable and no cytotoxic response is found. In contrast, when responding and stimulating cell donors differ by a spontaneous mutation in the K region of the H-2 complex, as found in B6.C-H-2ba, B6-H-2bd and B6.C-H-2bf, highly significant proliferative and cytotoxic responses can be obtained. These results, thus, argue that the H-2 mutants cannot, with regard to their relationship to the parental strain, be readily equated with a K region difference as defined in the recombinant inbred strains.
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1306
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Wu S, Bach FH, Sopori M. Differential allo-response of murine thymocytes to H- 2 K region different recombinants and to H-2Kb mutants. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1980. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.124.5.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Thymocytes used as responding cells in a mixed leukocyte culture with x-irradiated splenic stimulating cells generate highly significant proliferative and cytotoxic responses when responding and stimulating cells differ by the entire H-2 complex. On the other hand, when the genetic difference between responding and stimulating cells is only a K region, very little, if any, proliferative response is detectable and no cytotoxic response is found. In contrast, when responding and stimulating cell donors differ by a spontaneous mutation in the K region of the H-2 complex, as found in B6.C-H-2ba, B6-H-2bd and B6.C-H-2bf, highly significant proliferative and cytotoxic responses can be obtained. These results, thus, argue that the H-2 mutants cannot, with regard to their relationship to the parental strain, be readily equated with a K region difference as defined in the recombinant inbred strains.
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1307
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Salhany JM, Pieper GM, Wu S, Todd GL, Clayton FC, Eliot RS. 31P Nuclear magnetic resonance measurement of cardiac pH in perfused guinea-pig hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1979; 11:601-10. [PMID: 37345 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2828(79)90434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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1308
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Chen HT, Wong YW, Wu S. Continuous fractionation of protein mixtures byp H parametric pumping: Experiment. AIChE J 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.690250215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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1309
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Wu S. Ontogeny of cell-mediated immunity of murine thymocytes and spleen cells. In vitro mixed leukocyte culture and cell-mediated lympholysis reactions. Differentiation 1978; 11:169-74. [PMID: 152724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1978.tb00980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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1310
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Auerbach R, Landahl C, Chakravarty A, Wu S. Studies on the development of immunity: general considerations. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1976; 66:77-80. [PMID: 131477 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4355-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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1311
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Wu S, Bach FH, Auerbach R. Cell-mediated immunity: differential maturation of mixed leukocyte reaction and cell-mediated lympholysis. J Exp Med 1975; 142:1301-5. [PMID: 127825 PMCID: PMC2189972 DOI: 10.1084/jem.142.5.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While spleen cells from neonatal B10 (H-2b) are reactive (proliferate) in one-way mixed leukocyte culture, cell-mediated lympholysis reactivity does not arise until 7 days of age. When B10 cells are sensitized to B10.D2 (H-2d), cross-killing of third-party B10.BR (H-2k) target is always lower than the specific killing of B10.D2 targets and is not demonstrable until 27 days after birth.
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1312
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Bretthauer RK, Wu S. Synthesis of the mannosyl-O-serine (threonine) linkage of glycoproteins from polyisoprenylphosphate mannose in yeast (Hansenula holstii). Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 167:151-60. [PMID: 1130790 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1313
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Klein DA, Wu S. Stress: a factor to be considered in heterotrophic microorganism enumeration from aquatic environments. Appl Microbiol 1974; 27:429-31. [PMID: 4595964 PMCID: PMC380051 DOI: 10.1128/am.27.2.429-431.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrophic microorganisms in water samples are susceptible to the transient stress of warmed agar used in the standard methods pour plate procedure, causing significantly decreased recoveries in comparison with a spread plate technique. Microbial starvation can increase susceptibility to a transient warming stress. The standard plate count procedure, as presently described, should not be considered for quantitation of microorganisms from aquatic environments.
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1314
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Wu S. [Ph chromosome]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 1973; 12:754-7. [PMID: 4203126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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1315
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Bretthauer RK, Wu S, Irwin WE. Enzymatic transfer of mannose from guanosine diphosphate mannose to dolichol phosphate in yeast (Hansenula holstii). A possible step in mannan synthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 304:736-47. [PMID: 4726855 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(73)90220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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1316
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Yeh H, Wu S, Wang P, Fan C. [Effect of sodium nitrite on the soluble proteins of cardiac muscle of the rat]. SHENG LI XUE BAO : [ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SINICA] 1966; 29:74-7. [PMID: 5178717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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