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Kaplan A. Person to person. HOSPITALS & HEALTH NETWORKS 2001; 75:10. [PMID: 11294184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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127
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Friedman N, Kaplan A, Carasso D, Davidson N. Observation of chaotic and regular dynamics in atom-optics billiards. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:1518-1521. [PMID: 11290182 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on experimental observations of chaotic and regular motion of ultracold atoms confined by a billiard-shaped optical dipole potential induced by a rapidly scanning laser beam. To investigate the dynamics of the atoms confined by such an "atom-optics" billiard we measure the decay of the number of trapped atoms through a hole on the boundary. A fast and purely exponential decay, the clear signature of chaotic motion, is found for a stadium billiard, but not for a circular or an elliptical billiard, in agreement with theory. We also investigated the effects of decoherence, velocity spread, and gravity on regular and chaotic motion.
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128
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Mittler R, Merquiol E, Hallak-Herr E, Rachmilevitch S, Kaplan A, Cohen M. Living under a "dormant" canopy: a molecular acclimation mechanism of the desert plant Retama raetam. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 25:407-416. [PMID: 11260497 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Desert plants are exposed to a combination of environmental stress conditions, including low water availability, extreme temperature fluctuations, high irradiance and nutrient deprivation. Studying desert plants within their natural habitat may therefore reveal novel mechanisms and strategies that enable plants to resist stressful conditions. We studied the acclimation of Retama raetam, an evergreen stem-assimilating desert plant, to growth within an arid dune ecosystem. Retama raetam contained two different populations of stems: those of the upper canopy, exposed to direct sunlight, and those of the lower canopy, protected from direct sunlight. During the dry season, stems of the upper canopy contained a very low level of a number of essential proteins, including the large and small subunits of rubisco, ascorbate peroxidase and the D1 subunit of the reaction centre of photosystem II. However, RNA encoding these proteins was present; cytosolic transcripts were associated with polysomes, while chloroplastic transcripts were not. Upon water application, as well as following the first rainfall of the season, these "photosynthetically suppressed" stems recovered and accumulated essential proteins within 6-24 h. In contrast, stems of the lower canopy contained the essential proteins throughout the dry season. We suggest that R. raetam uses an acclimation strategy of "partial plant dormancy" in order to survive the dry season. "Dormancy", as evident by the post-transcriptional suppression of gene expression, as well as the suppression of photosynthesis, was induced specifically in stems of the upper canopy which protect the lower canopy by shading.
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129
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Kaplan A. Is the healthcare workforce a barrier to cost containment? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE 2001; 7:22-4. [PMID: 11209447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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130
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Berner Y, Kaplan A, Feldman J. Proteus mirabilis septic monoarthritis in a patient with CPDD. THE ISRAEL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL : IMAJ 2001; 3:75-6. [PMID: 11344817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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131
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Friedman N, Kaplan A, Davidson N. Acousto-optic scanning system with very fast nonlinear scans. OPTICS LETTERS 2000; 25:1762-1764. [PMID: 18066336 DOI: 10.1364/ol.25.001762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A very fast (>100 kHz) acousto-optic scanning system, which relies on two counterpropagating acoustic waves with the same frequency modulation, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. This scheme completely suppresses linear frequency chirp and thus permits very fast nonlinear scans and nonconstant linear scans. By changing the phase between the modulating signals, this scheme also provides very fast longitudinal scans of the focal point.
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132
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Halmi KA, Sunday SR, Strober M, Kaplan A, Woodside DB, Fichter M, Treasure J, Berrettini WH, Kaye WH. Perfectionism in anorexia nervosa: variation by clinical subtype, obsessionality, and pathological eating behavior. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157:1799-805. [PMID: 11058477 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the role of perfectionism as a phenotypic trait in anorexia nervosa and its relevance across clinical subtypes of this illness. METHOD The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the perfectionism subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory were administered to 322 women with a history of anorexia nervosa who were participating in an international, multicenter genetic study of anorexia nervosa. All participants were additionally interviewed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and the Yale-Brown-Cornell Eating Disorder Scale. Mean differences on dependent measures among women with anorexia nervosa and comparison subjects were examined by using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Persons who had had anorexia nervosa had significantly higher total scores on the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale than did the healthy comparison subjects. In addition, scores of the anorexia subjects on the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 perfectionism subscale exceeded Eating Disorder Inventory-2 normative data. For the anorexia nervosa participants, the total score on the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 perfectionism subscale score were highly correlated. Total score on the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale was also significantly related to the total score and the motivation-for-change subscale score of the Yale-Brown-Cornell Eating Disorder Scale. CONCLUSIONS These data show that perfectionism is a robust, discriminating characteristic of anorexia nervosa. Perfectionism is likely to be one of a cluster of phenotypic trait variables associated with a genetic diathesis for anorexia nervosa.
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Stanbrook M, Kaplan A, Juurlink D, Poole PJ. Systemic corticosteroids for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hippokratia 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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134
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Kaplan S, Kaplan A, Marcoe K, Sauvage LR. Ticlopidine, Alka-Seltzer, or a combination of citric acid with aspirin: effects on platelet aggregation in individuals with an insufficient response to aspirin alone. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2000; 6:222-5. [PMID: 11030528 DOI: 10.1177/107602960000600407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin (ASA) does not effectively lower platelet aggregation in all people. The platelet aggregation (PA) score is an easily used clinical method for measuring the effect in individuals of antiplatelet medications. Fifteen apparently healthy subjects (2 men and 13 women), selected for their resistance to ASA's antiaggregation effect, completed a sequential trial of ticlopidine, Alka-Seltzer, and ASA + citric acid (CTA). Ticlopidine was the strongest aggregation inhibitor and the ASA + CTA combination was more inhibitory than Alka-Seltzer. It was determined that measuring antiaggregation effects of a particular agent in an individual prior to usage would optimize treatment. The PA score methodology provides a means for testing patients prior to antiplatelet therapy for prevention and treatment of the thrombotic complications of vascular disease.
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Klump KL, Bulik CM, Pollice C, Halmi KA, Fichter MM, Berrettini WH, Devlin B, Strober M, Kaplan A, Woodside DB, Treasure J, Shabbout M, Lilenfeld LR, Plotnicov KH, Kaye WH. Temperament and character in women with anorexia nervosa. J Nerv Ment Dis 2000; 188:559-67. [PMID: 11009328 DOI: 10.1097/00005053-200009000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined temperament differences among anorexia nervosa (AN) subtypes and community controls, as well as the effect of body weight on personality traits in women with AN. Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores were compared between 146 women with restrictor-type AN (RAN), 117 women with purging-type AN (PAN), 60 women with binge/purge-type AN (BAN), and 827 community control women (CW) obtained from an archival normative database. Women with AN scored significantly higher on harm avoidance and significantly lower on cooperativeness than CW. Subtype analyses revealed that women with RAN and PAN reported the lowest novelty seeking, RAN women the highest persistence and self-directedness, and PAN women the highest harm avoidance. Body mass index had a nominal effect on subgroup differences, suggesting that personality disturbances are independent of body weight. Findings suggest that certain facets of temperament differ markedly between women with AN, regardless of diagnostic subtype, and controls. More subtle temperament and character differences that were independent of body weight emerged that distinguish among subtypes of AN.
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Abstract
SSRIs and the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine are the first-line therapies for patients with OCD, with the side-effect profile of SSRIs being more favorable than that of clomipramine. As many as 40% to 60% of patients with OCD may not respond to adequate trials of SRIs. Not all patients tolerate SSRIs, and delays in full therapeutic responses often occur. Thus, other pharmacologic approaches to treating patients with OCD have been investigated. Augmentation and monotherapy have been explored with serotonergic enhancers, dopamine and 5-HT antagonists, enhancers of second-messenger systems, and GABAergic agents with varying efficacy.
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Silver H, Barash I, Aharon N, Kaplan A, Poyurovsky M. Fluvoxamine augmentation of antipsychotics improves negative symptoms in psychotic chronic schizophrenic patients: a placebo-controlled study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2000; 15:257-61. [PMID: 10993127 DOI: 10.1097/00004850-200015050-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of adding fluvoxamine to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenic patients with mixed positive and negative symptoms was examined. Fifty-three patients selected for persistent negative and positive symptoms who were receiving antipsychotic treatment were randomly allocated to additional fluvoxamine (50-100 mg/day) or placebo in a double-blind manner. Fluvoxamine was associated with significant improvement in negative symptoms (Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms) compared to placebo. The combination was well tolerated. Fluvoxamine augmentation of antipsychotics is safe in chronic schizophrenic patients with mixed positive and negative symptoms and may ameliorate negative symptoms in such patients.
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138
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Gisin BV, Kaplan A, Malomed BA. Spontaneous symmetry breaking and switching in planar nonlinear optical antiwaveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 62:2804-9. [PMID: 11088762 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.2804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/1999] [Revised: 01/24/2000] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We consider guided light beams in a nonlinear planar structure described by the nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a symmetric potential hill. Such an "antiwaveguide" (AWG) structure induces a transition from symmetric to asymmetric modes via a transcritical pitchfork bifurcation, provided that the beam's power exceeds a certain critical value. It is shown analytically that the asymmetric modes always satisfy the Vakhitov-Kolokolov (necessary) stability criterion; nevertheless, the application of a general Jones' theorem shows that the AWG modes are always unstable. To realize the actual character of the instability, we perform direct numerical simulations, which reveal that a deflecting instability, which drives the asymmetric beam into the cladding without giving rise to fanning or stripping of the beam, sets in after a propagation distance of approximately 16 transverse widths of the AWG's core. The symmetry-breaking bifurcation, in combination with the deflecting instability, may be used to design an all-optical switch. The switching can easily be controlled by means of a symmetry-breaking "hot spot" that acts upon an initial symmetric beam launched with a power exceeding the bifurcation value.
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Keller M, Deveikis A, Cutillar-Garcia M, Gagajena A, Elkins K, Plaeger S, Bryson Y, Kaplan A, Zangwill K, Chang SJ. Pneumococcal and influenza immunization and human immunodeficiency virus load in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19:613-8. [PMID: 10917218 DOI: 10.1097/00006454-200007000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV-infected children receiving influenza vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine and both vaccines concurrently were studied to examine the effect of immunization on plasma HIV viral load. METHODS Thirteen children received immunizations: pneumococcal vaccine, 5; pneumococcal and influenza vaccines, 7; and influenza vaccine, 1. Most patients (12 of 13) were receiving combination reverse transcriptase inhibitor antiretroviral therapy without protease inhibitors at the time of immunization. Baseline plasma HIV RNA was determined 1 month prior (11 of 13), 2 weeks prior (12 of 13) and on the day of immunization (12 of 13). Plasma HIV RNA was assayed at 2 weeks (11 of 13), 4 weeks (12 of 13) and 3 months (5 of 13) after immunization. T cell activation markers (HLA-DR+, CD38+ and CD45RO+, CD28+) were examined for both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes on the day of immunization and 2 weeks after immunization for 11 children. RESULTS Only one child developed a >0.5-log increase in viral load at any time after immunization. There was no correlation between an increase in viral load and antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine. At least one activation marker increased (> 10%) for two children receiving pneumococcal vaccine and two children receiving pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. One of these children experienced an increase in viral load. CONCLUSION Immunization with pneumococcal and influenza vaccines, alone or in combination, is rarely associated with a significant increase in HIV plasma RNA in children receiving combination antiretroviral therapy.
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Hasenburg A, Tong XW, Rojas-Martinez A, Nyberg-Hoffman C, Kieback CC, Kaplan A, Kaufman RH, Ramzy I, Aguilar-Cordova E, Kieback DG. Thymidine kinase gene therapy with concomitant topotecan chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2000; 7:839-44. [PMID: 10880013 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with recurrent ovarian cancer were treated with a replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) followed by administration of an anti-herpetic prodrug and topotecan. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 10 patients with stage IIIc epithelial ovarian cancer underwent secondary debulking to < or =0.5 cm residual tumor. Patients with normal i.p. flow received i.p. delivery of adenovirus. Two patients each were treated on dose level 1 (2 x 10(10) vector particles (VP)), dose level 2 (2 x 10(11) VP), and dose level 3 (2 x 10(12) VP); four patients were treated on dose level 4 (2 x 10(13) VP). Acyclovir and topotecan were started 24 hours after vector delivery. RESULTS No patient treated at any dose level incurred unanticipated toxic effects, and all side effects resolved. The most common adverse event was myelosuppression: grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia with grade 2-4 anemia in three patients and grade 3 or 4 neutropenia in eight patients. Three patients developed thrombocytosis and three patients had a mild elevation of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase/alanine aminotransferase. Temperature elevations that were not associated with detectable infection occurred in two patients. DISCUSSION I.p. delivery of adenoviral vector with concomitant topotecan chemotherapy was well tolerated without significant lasting toxicities. Side effects were independent of the dose of adenoviral vector.
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141
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Banov C, Kaplan A. Contact dermatitis. JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (1975) 2000; 96:216-7. [PMID: 10850023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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142
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Kaye WH, Lilenfeld LR, Berrettini WH, Strober M, Devlin B, Klump KL, Goldman D, Bulik CM, Halmi KA, Fichter MM, Kaplan A, Woodside DB, Treasure J, Plotnicov KH, Pollice C, Rao R, McConaha CW. A search for susceptibility loci for anorexia nervosa: methods and sample description. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47:794-803. [PMID: 10812038 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders have not traditionally been viewed as heritable illnesses; however, recent family and twin studies lend credence to the potential role of genetic transmission. The Price Foundation funded an international, multisite study to identify genetic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN) by recruiting affective relative pairs. This article is an overview of study methods and the clinical characteristics of the sample. METHODS All probands met modified DSM-IV criteria for AN; all affected first, second, and third degree relatives met DSM-IV criteria for AN, bulimia nervosa (BN), or eating disorder not otherwise specified (NOS). Probands and affected relatives were assessed diagnostically with the Structured Interview for Anorexia and Bulimia. DNA was collected from probands, affected relatives and a subset of their biological parents. RESULTS Assessments were obtained from 196 probands and 237 affected relatives, over 98% of whom are of Caucasian ancestry. Overall, there were 229 relative pairs who were informative for linkage analysis. Of the proband-relative pairs, 63% were AN-AN, 20% were AN-BN, and 16% were AN-NOS. For family-based association analyses, DNA has been collected from both biological parents of 159 eating-disordered subjects. Few significant differences in demographic characteristics were found between proband and relative groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study represents the first large-scale molecular genetic investigation of AN. Our successful recruitment of over 500 subjects, consisting of affected probands, affected relatives, and their biological parents, will provide the basis to investigate genetic transmission of eating disorders via a genome scan and assessment of candidate genes.
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Kaplan A, Banov C. Urticaria and angioedema. JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (1975) 2000; 96:232-3. [PMID: 10850029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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144
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Amit A, Weiner Z, Ganem N, Kerner H, Edwards CL, Kaplan A, Beck D. The diagnostic value of power Doppler measurements in the endometrium of women with postmenopausal bleeding. Gynecol Oncol 2000; 77:243-7. [PMID: 10785472 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2000.5766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of blood flow measurements by power Doppler in endometrial vessels in women with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB). METHODS Sixty consecutive patients with PMB participated in the study. Endometrial thickness and power Doppler measurements of small vessels in the endometrium and subendometrial tissue were performed prior to dilatation and curettage. Correlation between Doppler indices, endometrial thickness (by transvaginal sonography), and histopathologic examination was performed. A Student t test was used for statistical analysis with P < 0.05 as the level of significance. RESULTS Fourteen positive cases were found: 11 endometrial cancers, 1 sarcoma, 1 simple hyperplasia, and 1 complex hyperplasia with atypia. Measurements of endometrial thickness using a cutoff point of 5 mm revealed a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 45.6% (P > 0.05, NS) for detecting endometrial pathology. Power Doppler measurements (pulsatility index cutoff point = 1.0) revealed a sensitivity of 85. 7% and specificity of 89% (P = 0.001) for detecting endometrial pathology. CONCLUSIONS The noninvasive methods for endometrial evaluation are not sensitive enough to exclude endometrial pathology. When invasive methods could not be performed, the combination of transvaginal sonography and power Doppler imaging provided the best results. When both modalities are negative, the probability of cancer is less than 5%.
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145
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Hollander E, Kaplan A, Cartwright C, Reichman D. Venlafaxine in children, adolescents, and young adults with autism spectrum disorders: an open retrospective clinical report. J Child Neurol 2000; 15:132-5. [PMID: 10695900 DOI: 10.1177/088307380001500214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism is characterized by social deficits, communication and language impairments, narrow restricted interests, repetitive behaviors, inattention, and hyperactivity. While selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in treating core symptoms of autism, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). An open, retrospective clinical study with venlafaxine evaluated its effect on core symptoms of autism as well as associated features of ADHD. Ten consecutive subjects meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), criteria for an autism spectrum disorder were treated with venlafaxine, initiated at 12.5 mg per day and adjusted on a flexible basis. Six of 10 completers were judged to be sustained treatment responders, by scoring 1 (very much improved) or 2 (much improved) on the Clinical Global Impressions improvement scale. Venlafaxine was effective in low dosages (mean, 24.37 mg/day; range, 6.25 to 50 mg/day) and was well tolerated. Improvement was noted in repetitive behaviors and restricted interests, social deficits, communication and language function, inattention, and hyperactivity. Controlled treatment trials with venlafaxine are warranted in autism spectrum disorders.
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146
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Fell J, Kaplan A, Darkhovsky B, Röschke J. EEG analysis with nonlinear deterministic and stochastic methods: a combined strategy. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2000; 60:87-108. [PMID: 10769933 DOI: 10.55782/ane-2000-1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
We describe nonlinear deterministic versus stochastic methodology, their applications to EEG research and the neurophysiological background underlying both approaches. Nonlinear methods are based on the concept of attractors in phase space. This concept on the one hand incorporates the idea of an autonomous (stationary) system, on the other hand implicates the investigation of a long time evolution. It is an unresolved problem in nonlinear EEG research that nonlinear methods per se give no feedback about the stationarity aspect. Hence, we introduce a combined strategy utilizing both stochastic and nonlinear deterministic methods. We propose, in a first step to segment the EEG time series into piecewise quasi-stationary epochs by means of nonparametric change point analysis. Subsequently, nonlinear measures can be estimated with higher confidence for the segmented epochs fulfilling the stationarity condition.
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Black DE, Peterson LC, Overpeck JT, Kaplan A, Evans MN, Kashgarian M. Eight centuries of north atlantic ocean atmosphere variability. Science 1999; 286:1709-13. [PMID: 10576732 DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5445.1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Climate in the tropical North Atlantic is controlled largely by variations in the strength of the trade winds, the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and sea surface temperatures. A high-resolution study of Caribbean sediments provides a subdecadally resolved record of tropical upwelling and trade wind variability spanning the past 825 years. These results confirm the importance of a decadal (12- to 13-year) mode of Atlantic variability believed to be driven by coupled tropical ocean-atmosphere dynamics. Although a well-defined interdecadal mode of variability does not appear to be characteristic of the tropical Atlantic, there is evidence that century-scale variability is substantial. The tropical Atlantic may also have been involved in a major shift in Northern Hemisphere climate variability that took place about 700 years ago.
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Abstract
This study is concerned with the role that achievement goals may play in facilitating the psychological well-being of students. Specifically, we build on "goal theory" analysis of adaptive behavior in examining the relationship between task and ego goals, perceptions of school emphases on task and ego goals, and indices of well-being and disruptive behavior. Generally, task goals and perception of the school as emphasizing task goals were related to positive psychological well-being, and ego goals and perceiving the school as emphasizing ego goals were related to negative psychological well-being. This pattern was found for both African American and Euro-American students. However, path analyses pointed to possible different processes as operating for the African Americans and the Euro-Americans in the sample. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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Vardi A, Berman-Frank I, Rozenberg T, Hadas O, Kaplan A, Levine A. Programmed cell death of the dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense is mediated by CO(2) limitation and oxidative stress. Curr Biol 1999; 9:1061-4. [PMID: 10508616 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The phytoplankton assemblage in Lake Kinneret is dominated in spring by a bloom of the dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense, which terminates sharply in summer [1]. The pH in Peridinium patches rises during the bloom to values higher than pH9 [2] and results in CO(2) limitation. Here we show that depletion of dissolved CO(2) (CO(2(dis))) stimulated formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced cell death in both natural and cultured Peridinium populations. In contrast, addition of CO(2) prevented ROS formation. Catalase inhibited cell death in culture, implicating hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as the active ROS. Cell death was also blocked by a cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64, a treatment which stimulated cyst formation. Intracellular ROS accumulation induced protoplast shrinkage and DNA fragmentation prior to cell death. We propose that CO(2) limitation resulted in the generation of ROS to a level that induced programmed cell death, which resembles apoptosis in animal and plant cells. Our results also indicate that cysteine protease(s) are involved in processes that determine whether a cell is destined to die or to form a cyst.
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Vardi A, Berman-Frank I, Rozenberg T, Hadas O, Kaplan A, Levine A. Programmed cell death of the dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense is mediated by CO(2) limitation and oxidative stress. Curr Biol 1999. [PMID: 10508616 DOI: 10.1016/s096049822(99)80459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The phytoplankton assemblage in Lake Kinneret is dominated in spring by a bloom of the dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense, which terminates sharply in summer [1]. The pH in Peridinium patches rises during the bloom to values higher than pH9 [2] and results in CO(2) limitation. Here we show that depletion of dissolved CO(2) (CO(2(dis))) stimulated formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced cell death in both natural and cultured Peridinium populations. In contrast, addition of CO(2) prevented ROS formation. Catalase inhibited cell death in culture, implicating hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as the active ROS. Cell death was also blocked by a cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64, a treatment which stimulated cyst formation. Intracellular ROS accumulation induced protoplast shrinkage and DNA fragmentation prior to cell death. We propose that CO(2) limitation resulted in the generation of ROS to a level that induced programmed cell death, which resembles apoptosis in animal and plant cells. Our results also indicate that cysteine protease(s) are involved in processes that determine whether a cell is destined to die or to form a cyst.
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