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Rosen J, Yariv A. Reconstruction of longitudinal distributed incoherent sources. OPTICS LETTERS 1996; 21:1803-1805. [PMID: 19881807 DOI: 10.1364/ol.21.001803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe measurement of the degree of coherence induced by a random light source distributed along the longitudinal z axis. If this degree of coherence is measured only between all the in-plane pairs of points placed along the radial lines it is proportional to the Fourier transform of the source's three-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the paraxial far zone. A reconstruction of the source shape from the measured degree of coherence is also demonstrated.
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Rosen J. Individuals' rights and wrongs. Nature 1996; 383:474. [PMID: 8849714 DOI: 10.1038/383474b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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128
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Guido EC, Delorme EO, Clemm DL, Stein RB, Rosen J, Miner JN. Determinants of promoter-specific activity by glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Endocrinol 1996; 10:1178-90. [PMID: 9121486 DOI: 10.1210/mend.10.10.9121486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is expressed at essentially equal levels in almost all tissues and cell types. Remarkably, glucocorticoids themselves regulate transcription in vivo in both a promoter- and tissue-specific manner. Thus, specific systems must be in place to regulate receptor action within certain cells and at certain promoters. To address two specific aspects of these systems, we have analyzed promoter-specific activity of GR using two different, well studied promoters (termed simple and composite promoters) from which GR activates transcription. The simple promoter depends only on the receptor for glucocorticoid-responsive transcriptional activation, while GR activity at the composite promoter depends on additional transcription factors. We have compared the action of several GR ligands at these promoters and demonstrate fundamental differences in the activities of these ligands on receptor activity. Furthermore, these compounds induce unique conformational changes in receptor, resulting in promoter-specific receptor function. We have identified critical amino acid residues within GR which, when mutated, genetically distinguish the action of GR at these promoters. Taken together, the data indicate that the presence of only the receptor and the ligand is not sufficient to allow activation of transcription. An additional system of regulation influences receptor action in both a tissue- and promoter-selective fashion, suggesting that multiple, regulated surfaces of the receptor respond to the cellular environment and determine the spectrum of GR activities. These functional surfaces may be induced or regulated by ligand binding, by the DNA sequence to which receptor is bound, or by the nonreceptor factors resident at the promoter or in the tissue.
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Rosen J, Yariv A. Three-dimensional imaging of random radiation sources. OPTICS LETTERS 1996; 21:1011-1013. [PMID: 19876235 DOI: 10.1364/ol.21.001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A method to image random three-dimensional source distributions is proposed. We show that, by using a Michelson stellar interferometer in a prescribed fashion, one is able to measure a special form of a threedimensional degree of coherence. The inverse Fourier transform of this coherence function yields the threedimensional intensity distribution of the source as seen from the paraxial far zone.
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Grossman R, Cohen L, Rosen J, DeCaria C, Hollander E. Seasonal effects in prolactin response to m-chlorophenylpiperazine challenge in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 39:982-5. [PMID: 9162213 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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131
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Post RM, Weiss SR, Smith M, Rosen J, Frye M. Stress, conditioning, and the temporal aspects of affective disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995; 771:677-96. [PMID: 8597441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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132
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Rosen J, Day A, Jones TK, Jones ET, Nadzan AM, Stein RB. Intracellular receptors and signal transducers and activators of transcription superfamilies: novel targets for small-molecule drug discovery. J Med Chem 1995; 38:4855-74. [PMID: 8523397 DOI: 10.1021/jm00025a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Phillips A, Rosen J, Walke V. Molecular structure determination by convex
global underestimation of local energy
minima. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1090/dimacs/023/12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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134
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Armstrong TA, Bettoni D, Bharadwaj V, Biino C, Blanford G, Borreani G, Broemmelsiek D, Buzzo A, Calabrese R, Ceccucci A, Cester R, Church M, Dalpiaz P, Dalpiaz PF, Dimitroyannis D, Fabbri M, Fast J, Gianoli A, Ginsburg CM, Gollwitzer K, Govi G, Hahn A, Hasan M, Hsueh S, Lewis R, Luppi E, Macrí M, Majewska AM, Mandelkern M, Marchetto F, Marinelli M, Marques J, Marsh W, Martini M, Masuzawa M, Menichetti E, Migliori A, Mussa R, Palestini S, Pallavicini M, Passaggio S, Pastrone N, Patrignani C, Peoples J, Petrucci F, Pia MG, Pordes S, Rapidis P, Ray R, Reid J, Rinaudo G, Roccuzzo B, Rosen J, Santroni A, Sarmiento M, Savrré M, Schultz J, Seth KK, Smith A, Smith GA, Sozzi M, Trokenheim S, Weber MF, Werkema S. Study of the eta c(1 (1)S0) state of charmonium formed in p-barp annihilations and a search for the eta c'(2 (1)S0). PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1995; 52:4839-4854. [PMID: 10019708 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.52.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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135
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Rosen J, Yariv A. Snake beam: a paraxial arbitrary focal line. OPTICS LETTERS 1995; 20:2042-2044. [PMID: 19862244 DOI: 10.1364/ol.20.002042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The creation of paraxial arbitrary focal lines by a Fourier computer-generated hologram is demonstrated. The desired focal line is represented by a series of connected straight line segments, each of which is implemented by a radial harmonic function located on a different radial portion of the entire hologram. Each subhologram is multiplied by appropriate linear and quadratic phase functions and is shifted by some distance from the center. The two phase factors determine the location of each line segment, while the in-plane shift determines the tilt angle of the segment.
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Lamb P, Seidel HM, Haslam J, Milocco L, Kessler LV, Stein RB, Rosen J. STAT protein complexes activated by interferon-gamma and gp130 signaling molecules differ in their sequence preferences and transcriptional induction properties. Nucleic Acids Res 1995; 23:3283-9. [PMID: 7667105 PMCID: PMC307189 DOI: 10.1093/nar/23.16.3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of members of the STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) family of latent transcription factors is an early event following the binding of many cytokines to their cognate receptors. Although the patterns of STATs activated by different cytokines are well described, the consequences of differential STAT activation are less well studied. We show by mutational analysis that STAT binding elements (SBEs) exist that discriminate between STAT complexes containing STAT1 alpha, STAT3 or both, and that these elements show altered cytokine responsiveness. We also show that in the context of a minimal promoter, single and multiple SBEs exhibit strikingly different patterns of transcriptional activation in response to IFN-gamma, IL-6, OSM or LIF. These differences in transcriptional activation are correlated with the differential ability of these cytokines to activate STAT1 alpha, STAT3 or both. Our results show that the pattern of STATs activated by a cytokine and the arrangement and sequence of the SBEs in the responding promoter have a profound effect on the ability of the cytokine to elicit a transcriptional response.
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Kotzer T, Rosen J, Shamir J. Application of serial- and parallel-projection methods to correlation-filter design. APPLIED OPTICS 1995; 34:3883-3895. [PMID: 21052211 DOI: 10.1364/ao.34.003883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe generalized projection procedures for the design of arbitrary filter functions for correlators. More specifically, serial and parallel implementations of projection-based algorithms are employed. The novelty of this procedure lies in its generality and its ability to handle wide varieties of constraints by the same procedure. The procedure is demonstrated by the design of filters for the 4-ƒ linear correlator, the phase-extraction correlator, and variants thereof. The filters are subject to a variety of constraints, including rotation-invariant pattern recognition and class discrimination. Examples are given to show the versatility, flexibility, and applicability of the design process to a variety of pattern-recognition tasks. Satisfactory results are also obtained because of the combination with the special nonlinear correlators proposed for pattern recognition.
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Cohen LJ, Stein DJ, Simeon D, Spadaccini E, Rosen J, Aronowitz B, Hollander E. Clinical profile, comorbidity, and treatment history in 123 hair pullers: a survey study. J Clin Psychiatry 1995; 56:319-26. [PMID: 7615485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichotillomania, characterized by an irresistible urge to pull one's hair, may be more prevalent than previously believed. Despite increasing attention devoted to this topic in the recent literature, there are few studies based on large samples that are potentially generalizable to a community population. METHOD Surveys addressing clinical profile, comorbidity, and treatment history were mailed to all responders to a nationally distributed magazine article on trichotillomania. Out of 772 surveys sent, 123 completed surveys were returned. RESULTS While there was a predominance of females in the whole sample, female-to-male prevalence was lower in children than adults. Onset was predominantly in childhood (mean age = 11 years), most frequently in middle childhood and least frequently before age 6. Subjects pulled hair from a variety of sites, including scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, pubic region, face, and body, but the highest incidence and severity involved scalp hair. Children under 6 were more likely than other age groups to pull scalp hair and possibly less likely to pull other hair. In adults, symptom profile was not associated with age at onset. While subjects reported high rates of comorbid conditions in both self and family, trichotillomania was reportedly formally diagnosed in only 40% of the subjects. Although subjects reported a range of treatments, the majority (58%) reported no treatment history. Finally, only minimal improvement was reported for all modalities, with no significant difference in response to psychotherapy, behavior therapy, clomipramine, or fluoxetine. CONCLUSION Trichotillomania is a chronic illness that may be difficult to treat. Controlled studies on comorbidity, epidemiology, treatment-seeking patterns, and long-term treatment response are needed.
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Eliyahu D, Salvatore RA, Rosen J, Yariv A, Drolet JJ. Retardation and reduction of pulse distortion by group-velocity dispersion through pulse shaping. OPTICS LETTERS 1995; 20:1412-1414. [PMID: 19862032 DOI: 10.1364/ol.20.001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We show that a reduction in the pulse distortion caused by chromatic dispersion can be achieved through pulse shaping. We argue that a simple binary phase mask in the Fourier plane of the laser spectrum can improve the transmission of short pulses in a dispersive channel through reduced broadening. The argument was tested experimentally, and a good agreement was found with the theory.
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Seidel HM, Milocco LH, Lamb P, Darnell JE, Stein RB, Rosen J. Spacing of palindromic half sites as a determinant of selective STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:3041-5. [PMID: 7708771 PMCID: PMC42355 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.7.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT proteins) bind to palindromic sequence elements related to interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) activation sites, which were first identified in the promoters of IFN-gamma-inducible genes. Although the sequences of the natural palindromic STAT-binding elements vary considerably, they conform to the general structure TT(N)5AA. We have systematically examined the effects of the spacing between the TT and AA core half sites on the binding of the STAT complexes activated by IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL) 6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-4. We show that (i) as suggested earlier, a core palindromic TT--AA motif with a 5-bp spacing displays general STAT binding, (ii) a palindromic motif with a spacing of 4 bp selectively binds to complexes containing Stat3, and (iii) a motif with a 6-bp spacing selectively binds the STAT complexes activated by IL-4. We have examined natural elements in the promoters of cytokine-responsive genes that differ in half-site spacing and found that they display binding properties predicted from the synthetic binding sites. Furthermore, the observed differential selective binding characteristics for the most part correlate with the ability to mediate transcriptional activation of transfected test genes in response to the cytokines tested. Our results thus demonstrate that the specificity of STAT-directed transcription in response to particular cytokines or cytokine families depends in part on the spacing of half sites within the conserved response element sequence.
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Rosen J, Salik B, Yariv A, Liu HK. Pseudonondiffracting slitlike beam and its analogy to the pseudonondispersing pulse. OPTICS LETTERS 1995; 20:423-425. [PMID: 19859208 DOI: 10.1364/ol.20.000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new nonspreading beam is proposed for the case in which diffraction occurs only in one transverse coordinate. The beam has the shape of a pulse in one dimension and is constant in the other (slitlike shape). The intensity of the pulse's peak remains almost constant along a finite interval on the propagation axis. The proposed beam is analyzed and demonstrated experimentally. The analogy between this beam and the temporal pulse in a dispersive medium is discussed.
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Pollock BG, Mulsant BH, Sweet RA, Rosen J, Altieri LP, Perel JM. Prospective cytochrome P450 phenotyping for neuroleptic treatment in dementia. PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 1995; 31:327-331. [PMID: 7491387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Older patients have more adverse experiences when treated with psychotropics than younger patients. Age-associated physiological changes, such as reductions in hepatic mass and blood flow, magnify genetic and acquired variations in drug metabolism. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (debrisoquine hydroxylase), which is responsible for the metabolism of several antidepressants and neuroleptics, is constitutionally deficient in up to 10 percent of the population. In this study of 45 elderly patients suffering from dementia and treated with perphenazine, 5 patients who were prospectively identified as poor P450 2D6 metabolizers had significantly greater side effects than the 40 extensive metabolizers.
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Sano M, Rosen W, Stern Y, Rosen J, Mayeux R. Simple reaction time as a measure of global attention in Alzheimer's disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1995; 1:56-61. [PMID: 9375209 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617700000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive decline in memory, language and other cognitive functions. Deficits in attentional processes have also been suggested. A simple reaction time (RT) task was used to assess global attention in AD. The length and consistency of a warning signal given prior to the response stimulus were manipulated to determine if patients with AD and age-matched controls benefit from predictability in RT tasks. Overall reaction time was slower in the AD group than in the and control group. Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in RT with long warning signals compared to short warning signals, but only the control group benefited from the consistency of the warning.
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Hamberger MJ, Friedman D, Ritter W, Rosen J. Event-related potential and behavioral correlates of semantic processing in Alzheimer's patients and normal controls. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 1995; 48:33-68. [PMID: 7712148 DOI: 10.1006/brln.1995.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In normal young adults, N400 amplitude varies inversely with the extent to which a word has been primed by its preceding semantic context. Based on a series of behavioral studies, it appears that in Probable Alzheimer's patients (PAD) the organization of semantic memory is disrupted such that specific items within a category lose their distinction, although superordinate information remains relatively intact. The present study examined whether the N400 gradient which has been found with normal young adults would also reflect this loss of discriminability among semantically related items in PAD patients. Ten normal young adults, 10 normal elderly, and 6 "mild" PAD patients made speeded (but accurate) sense/nonsense decisions to the terminal words of a series of highly constrained sentence contexts. The terminal words belonged to one of four stimulus types which varied as a function of relatedness to a highly expected word. Counter to our predictions, N400 amplitude was identically responsive to semantic relatedness in the young normal and PAD groups, but was characterized differently in the normal elderly. Given the significantly greater number of errors committed by PAD patients, we concluded that their disruption in semantic processing occurs at some point between the elicitation of N400 and the generation of the reaction time response. The anomalous N400 pattern in the normal elderly appeared to be strategy related and superimposed upon an otherwise normal semantic network.
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Lamb P, Haslam J, Kessler L, Seidel HM, Stein RB, Rosen J. Rapid activation of the interferon-gamma signal transduction pathway by inhibitors of tyrosine phosphatases. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1994; 14:365-73. [PMID: 7897256 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1994.14.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Induction of gene expression by interferon-gamma involves the activation of a latent cytoplasmic transcription factor, p91, by phosphorylation on a single tyrosyl residue. This phosphorylation triggers dimerization, nuclear translocation, and the binding of p91 to interferon-gamma response elements present in the promoters of induced genes. Phosphorylation of p91 requires the activation of two tyrosine kinases, JAK1 and JAK2, that themselves become phosphorylated on tyrosyl residues shortly after interferon-gamma binds to its receptor. The importance of tyrosine phosphorylation in this pathway prompted us to investigate the role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in the regulation of the pathway. We find that in the absence of interferon-gamma, treatment of cells with an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases causes a rapid and potent activation of the components of the interferon-gamma signal transduction pathway and induces an interferon-gamma-responsive gene. This suggests that tyrosine phosphatases act both to repress the interferon-gamma signal transduction pathway in the absence of interferon-gamma and to downregulate the pathway after interferon-gamma induction.
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Antoniazzi L, Arenton M, Cao Z, Chen T, Conetti S, Corti G, Cox B, Delchamps S, Fortney L, Guffey K, Haire M, Ioannou P, Jenkins CM, Judd DJ, Kourkoumelis C, Manousakis-Katsikakis A, Kuzminski J, LeCompte T, Marchionni A, He M, Mazur PO, Murphy CT, Pramantiotis P, Rameika R, Resvanis LK, Rosati M, Rosen J, Shen C, Shen Q, Simard A, Smith RP, Spiegel L, Stairs DG, Tan Y, Tesarek RJ, Turkington T, Turnbull L, Turkot F, Tzamarias S, Voulgaris G, Wagoner DE, Wang C, Yang W, Yao N, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zioulas G, Zou B. Search for hidden charm states decaying into J/ psi or psi ' plus pions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1994; 50:4258-4264. [PMID: 10018067 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.50.4258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Sweet RA, Pollock BG, Rosen J, Mulsant BH, Altieri LP, Perel JM. Early detection of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism in elderly patients with dementia. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1994; 7:251-3. [PMID: 7826496 DOI: 10.1177/089198879400700411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The recently promulgated Health Care Finance Administration guidelines regarding the use of neuroleptic medications for nursing home residents do not offer criteria for the frequency or nature of the required assessments of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism (NIP). NIP has been poorly characterized in the elderly and empirical evidence on which to base guidelines for monitoring NIP is sparse. We examined the onset of NIP in 12 closely monitored, elderly psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with dementia being treated with perphenazine. Significant increases in the Simpson Extrapyramidal Side Effect Scale total score were detected by day 4 of treatment with perphenazine at a mean dose of 8.0 mg. This increase was highly correlated with the final NIP severity. This is the first report to demonstrate that routine screening of elderly patients can detect NIP within days of the initiation of neuroleptic treatment. Early detection of NIP may allow for effective intervention to reduce the ultimate severity and associated morbidity of NIP.
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Tian SS, Lamb P, Seidel HM, Stein RB, Rosen J. Rapid activation of the STAT3 transcription factor by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Blood 1994; 84:1760-4. [PMID: 7521688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein that stimulates proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells of neutrophils by signaling through its receptor (G-CSFR). Although the G-CSFR belongs to the cytokine receptor superfamily, which lacks an intracellular kinase domain, G-CSF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins is critical for its biologic activities. We report here that JAK1 and JAK2 tyrosine kinases are tyrosine phosphorylated in response to G-CSF induction. We also demonstrate that the DNA-binding protein STAT3 (also called the acute-phase response factor [APRF], activated by interleukin-6) is an early target of G-CSF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. G-CSF induces two DNA-binding complexes; the major complex contains tyrosine phosphorylated STAT3 protein and the minor complex appears to be a heterodimer of the STAT1 (previously p91, a component of DNA-binding complexes activated by interferons) and STAT3 proteins. Antiphosphotyrosine antibody interferes with the DNA binding activity of activated STAT3, indicating that tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 is important for the DNA binding activity. These results identify a signal transduction pathway activated in response to G-CSF and provide a mechanism for the rapid modulation of gene expression by G-CSF.
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Chisholm J, Goldstein G, Cory-Slechta D, Weiss B, Landrigan P, Mushak P, Needleman HL, Rice D, Rosen J, Silbergeld E. Lead debate goes on. Pediatrics 1994; 94:408-10. [PMID: 8065878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Piestun R, Rosen J, Shamir J. Generation of continuous complex-valued functions for a joint transform correlator. APPLIED OPTICS 1994; 33:4398-4405. [PMID: 20935801 DOI: 10.1364/ao.33.004398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The principle of representing continuous complex-valued functions by their decomposition into three positive-valued ones is proposed for the generation of complex reference functions for a joint transform correlator. Three basic approaches involving coherent and incoherent superposition of the component functions are analyzed. The potentials and limitations of the techniques are discussed.
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