126
|
Brown JR, Beckenbach AT, Smith MJ. Intraspecific DNA sequence variation of the mitochondrial control region of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Mol Biol Evol 1993; 10:326-41. [PMID: 8487634 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific sequence variation in the D-loop region of mtDNA in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), a relict North American fish species, was examined in 27 individuals from populations of the Columbia and Fraser rivers. Thirty-three varied nucleotide positions were present in a 462-nucleotide D-loop sequence, amplified using the polymerase chain reaction. Bootstrapped neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony trees of sequences from 19 haplotypes suggest that the two populations have recently diverged. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the Columbia River, a Pleistocene refugium habitat, was the source of founders for the Fraser River after the last glacial recession. On the basis of a divergence time of 10-12 thousand years ago, the estimated substitution rate of the white sturgeon D-loop region is 1.1-1.3 x 10(-7) nucleotides/site/year, which is comparable to rates for hypervariable sequences in the human D-loop region. Furthermore, the ratio of mean percent nucleotide differences in the D-loop (2.27%) to that in whole mtDNA (0.54%, as estimated from restriction-enzyme data) is 4.3, which is similar to the fourfold-to-fivefold-higher substitution rate estimated for the human D-loop. The high nucleotide substitution rate of the hypervariable region indicates that the vertebrate D-loop has potential as a genetic marker in molecular population studies.
Collapse
|
127
|
Brown JR, Chew V, Melson RO. Malathion aerosol cloud behavior in a Coastal Plains pine flatwoods. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 1993; 9:91-93. [PMID: 8468581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The study examines malathion aerosol cloud behavior in a North Florida pine flatwoods. Droplet mass median diameters (MMD) decreased over distance in both open and pine flatwoods. A sharp decrease in number of aerosol droplets per cm2 occurred between 3.1 and 15.2 m and a gradual decline in droplets per cm2 occurred beyond 15.2 m in both treatment areas. There were no interactions between habitat and distance in regard to MMD or droplets per cm2. Analysis of variance models accounted for 82% of the variability in the MMD data and 79% of the variability in the number of droplets per cm2.
Collapse
|
128
|
Zinn GM, Belyea RL, Williams JE, Tumbleson ME, Clevenger TE, Brown JR. Feeding wash water solids to sows during gestation and lactation: sow productivity, pig performance, and tissue compositions. J Anim Sci 1992; 70:3112-24. [PMID: 1429288 DOI: 10.2527/1992.70103112x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets containing 0, 10, or 20% dried wash water solids (WWS) from a milk processing plant were fed to 54 Yorkshire gilts (160 to 270 kg) for five parities. Feed intake, weight changes, and morbidity of sows were measured; number of pigs per litter, birth weight, and weight gain of pigs were also determined. Blood, tissue, and milk samples were taken from sows for hematological and mineral analyses, and tissue samples were taken from newborn pigs from each treatment per parity. Overall, initial sow weight, sow weight at weaning, and weight losses were not affected (P greater than .05) by treatment. At 107 d of gestation, overall weights decreased (P less than .05) linearly with level of WWS in the diet. The number of pigs per litter and weight of pigs were not affected (P greater than .10) by diet. Concentrations of NA (P less than .10) and Cd (P less than .05) were lower in kidney of sows fed 20% WWS, and concentrations of Zn were lower in bone and in kidney of sows fed the 20% WWS diet. The Sr and Ba concentrations increased (P less than .05, P less than .10) linearly in bone from sows with level of WWS in the diet. In pigs, concentrations of Mn in kidney and Zn in liver were lower for the 20% WWS treatment. In conclusion, feeding WWS to sows over five parities had minimal adverse effects on sow productivity and pig performance; the reduction in Zn concentrations in tissues of sows and pigs seemed to be related to the Ca content of WWS.
Collapse
|
129
|
Brown JR, Beckenbach AT, Smith MJ. Mitochondrial DNA length variation and heteroplasmy in populations of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Genetics 1992; 132:221-8. [PMID: 1398055 PMCID: PMC1205119 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/132.1.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern blot analysis was used to quantify the extent of mtDNA D-loop length variation in two populations of white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. Over 42% of individuals were heteroplasmic for up to six different mtDNA length variants attributable to varying copy numbers of an 82-bp repeat sequence. Chi-square analyses revealed that the frequencies of length genotypes and the incidence of heteroplasmy were significantly different between Fraser and Columbia River sturgeon populations but not between restriction site haplotypes. Heteroplasmic fish have, on average, higher copy number than homoplasmic fish. Forty-five of 101 homoplasmic individuals carry only a single copy of the repeat, while none of the 73 heteroplasmic fish has the single repeat as the predominant variant. On the basis of differences in frequency distributions of copy number within and between fish, we suggest that (1) heteroplasmy is maintained by high recurrent mutation of multiple copy genomes, favoring increased copy number and (2) the mutation pressure toward higher copy number heteroplasmy is partially offset by selection to reduced genome size and segregation to the homoplasmic condition.
Collapse
|
130
|
Kavanagh KT, Maijub AG, Brown JR. Passive exposure to cocaine in medical personnel and its effect on urine drug screening tests. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992; 107:363-6. [PMID: 1408218 DOI: 10.1177/019459989210700302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This report studies the importance of passive exposure of medical personnel to cocaine hydrochloride and its impact on urine screening testing. Eleven medical staff members were exposed to cocaine hydrochloride by means of aerosol and cutaneous application, similar to that which may occur in medical practice. Urine drug screening tests were negative for everyone tested. This finding is supported by known drug kinetics. It is unlikely that a single passive exposure of medical staff to cocaine hydrochloride will produce a positive urine screening test. In all cases of positive urine tests, contaminants should be tested for which may indicate a source of the drug. The routine use of gloves and masks--which is recommended to prevent HIV infection--should further decrease medical personnel's passive exposure to cocaine hydrochloride.
Collapse
|
131
|
Brown JR, Brown AM. Office diagnosis of lower extremity venous insufficiency and treatment with the use of nonprescription support hose. THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OSTEOPATHIC ASSOCIATION 1992; 92:459-68, 471. [PMID: 1601688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A two-part crossover study assessed the efficacy of nonprescription support pantyhose by evaluating the relative performance of sheer- versus firm-support types in 30 women with lower extremity complaints. In this clinical trial, 23 women wore nonprescription firm-support pantyhose and seven wore sheer-support pantyhose during the initial 4-week treatment period. Next, treatment was discontinued for 2 weeks, after which a 4-week crossover trial was started. During the crossover, the 23 women who had worn the firm-support hose during the initial trial wore the sheer-support hose, and the seven who had worn the sheer-support hose switched to wearing the firm-support hose. The 2-week washout period did not prove sufficient to allow measured values to return to baseline, thus invalidating the crossover comparisons between the sheer- and firm-support pantyhose. However, the direct comparison of results showed that patients generally experienced an improvement in venous circulation by using either firm- or sheer-support hose as evaluated by venous index measurements and a corresponding decrease in subjective complaints. One year after this study was completed, the patients were recalled. Of the 25 who were seen at this follow-up, 91% continued to use support hose, either when they had symptoms or on a regular daily basis. Venous circulation, as evaluated by noninvasive Doppler ultrasound and photoplethysmography, remained improved.
Collapse
|
132
|
Brown JR, Dunn J. Talk with your mother or your sibling? Developmental changes in early family conversations about feelings. Child Dev 1992; 63:336-49. [PMID: 1611938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Developmental changes in the pattern of family conversations and talk about feelings were examined in a longitudinal study of 50 families observed at home when the second-born children were 33 and 47 months old. Significant increases were noted in the total amount of talk and the frequency of talk about feelings between sibling pairs as well as decreases in the amount of mother-child conversation and references to feelings. Differences in whose feelings were discussed and in the context of references to feelings were found for mother-child and sibling-child dyads. Developmental changes in the children's use of feeling state language co-occurred with the increase in interaction between children and their siblings. The findings contrast the "complementary" nature of mother-child interaction and the "reciprocal" nature of child-sibling interaction and support the argument that the quality of particular relationships influences the use children make of their communicative competence.
Collapse
|
133
|
Pettit FH, Lyon D, Brown JR, Shive W. Evidence for sulfite as an essential metabolite for human peripheral lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 179:611-4. [PMID: 1883383 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)91415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sulfite has been identified as an essential metabolite by means of growth studies using a chemically-defined, protein-free medium for culture of human peripheral lymphocytes. Sulfite reduced the amount of cysteine required for optimum growth by at least four-fold. In some subjects, sulfite stimulated growth even in the presence of optimal amounts of cysteine indicating that lymphocytes of some individuals are unable to convert cysteine to sulfite in adequate amounts.
Collapse
|
134
|
Brown JR. Regulatory implications: a committee member's perspective. Biochem Soc Trans 1991; 19:463-5. [PMID: 1889631 DOI: 10.1042/bst0190463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
135
|
Barceló F, Mincher DJ, Crampton MR, Brown JR, Shaw G. Kinetics of the DNA binding of 2-substituted anthraquinones. ANTI-CANCER DRUG DESIGN 1991; 6:37-46. [PMID: 2015040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The DNA-binding properties of the 2-substituted-1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinones 5-12 were examined. Compounds 5 and 6 were synthesized in this study, 7-12 were already available. Spectral studies were consistent with intercalation of 5, 6 and 8 into DNA. Affinity constants were in the range of 3 x 10(4)M-1. Compounds 7 and 10-12 showed no DNA binding, presumably being sterically excluded from binding. The kinetics of the DNA interaction of 5, 6 and 8 were studied. There is a biphasic process. This may reflect an initial reaction, with drug from this first mode of binding moving into the second binding mode (a sequential process) or independent binding of drug in two sets of sites (a parallel process). The methods used in this study do not allow us to discriminate between these models. However, if the parallel binding model is correct, the compounds show sequence selectivity of binding, and provide a lead for further development of neutral DNA-binding ligands with sequence selectivity.
Collapse
|
136
|
Brown JR. Carriage driving for disabled people. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1990; 301:1427-8. [PMID: 2149079 PMCID: PMC1679828 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.301.6766.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
137
|
Ward P, Ewan GB, Jordan CC, Ireland SJ, Hagan RM, Brown JR. Potent and highly selective neurokinin antagonists. J Med Chem 1990; 33:1848-51. [PMID: 1694545 DOI: 10.1021/jm00169a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
138
|
Buroker NE, Brown JR, Gilbert TA, O'Hara PJ, Beckenbach AT, Thomas WK, Smith MJ. Length heteroplasmy of sturgeon mitochondrial DNA: an illegitimate elongation model. Genetics 1990; 124:157-63. [PMID: 1968410 PMCID: PMC1203902 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/124.1.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive length polymorphism and heteroplasmy (multiple forms within an individual) of the D-loop region are observed in mitochondrial DNA of the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). The nucleotide sequence of this region, for both a short and a long form, shows that the differences are due to variable numbers of a perfect 82-bp direct repeat. We propose a model for the replicative origin of length differences, involving a competitive equilibrium between the heavy strand and the D-loop strand. This model suggests that frequent misalignment in the repeat region prior to elongation, facilitated by a stable secondary structure in the displaced strand, can explain both the polymorphism and heteroplasmy in this species.
Collapse
|
139
|
Fisher GR, Brown JR, Patterson LH. Involvement of hydroxyl radical formation and DNA strand breakage in the cytotoxicity of anthraquinone antitumour agents. FREE RADICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1990; 11:117-25. [PMID: 1963615 DOI: 10.3109/10715769009109674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Four 9,10-anthraquinones (AQ) mono- or bis-substituted with the -NH(CH2)2NH(CH2)2OH group were studied. 1-AQ, 1,5-AQ and 1,8-AQ but not 1,4-AQ (100 microM) generated pBR322 plasmid DNA single strand breaks in the presence of purified NADPH dependent cytochrome P450 reductase. 1-AQ, 1,5-AQ and 1,8-AQ (at 100 microM) stimulated hydroxyl radical formation in MCF-7 S9 cell fraction (as measured by dimethyl pyrolline N-oxide spin trapping) and MCF-7 DNA strand breaks as measured by alkaline filter elution. In contrast 1,4-AQ did not stimulate hydroxyl radical formation and produced considerably less strand breaks in MCF-7 cells compared to the other AQ's. It would appear that the position of the -NH(CH2)2NH(CH2)2OH groups on the chromophore is an important determinant in the metabolic activation of cytotoxic anthraquinones. This may contribute to the cytotoxicity (ID50 values) of 1-AQ (0.06 microM), 1-8-AQ (0.5 microM) and 1,5-AQ (12.3 microM) but not the 1,4-AQ (1.2 microM).
Collapse
|
140
|
Lund LJ, Brown JR. Lead poisoning from contaminated feed. Vet Rec 1989; 125:536. [PMID: 2595993 DOI: 10.1136/vr.125.21.536-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
141
|
Brown JR, Gilbert TL, Kowbel DJ, O'Hara PJ, Buroker NE, Beckenbach AT, Smith MJ. Nucleotide sequence of the apocytochrome B gene in white sturgeon mitochondrial DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1989; 17:4389. [PMID: 2740232 PMCID: PMC317963 DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.11.4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
|
142
|
Brown JR. Letting the family in during a code. Legally, it makes good sense. Nursing 1989; 19:46. [PMID: 2927760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
143
|
Bell A, Brown JR, Neidle S. Thermodynamic studies on the interactions of di-substituted anthraquinones with DNA. Biochem Pharmacol 1989; 38:216-7. [PMID: 2910305 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(89)90174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
144
|
Fisher GR, Brown JR, Patterson LH. Redox cycling in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by antitumor agents based on mitozantrone. FREE RADICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1989; 7:221-6. [PMID: 2555276 DOI: 10.3109/10715768909087945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In a series of hydroxyethylaminoalkylaminoanthraquinones (AQ's) based on mitozantrone, 1-AQ (340%) and 1,8-AQ (137%) stimulated basal rate NADPH oxidation (72 + 18 pmol min-1 mg S9 protein-1) whilst 1,4-AQ, 1,5-AQ and mitozantrone had no effect. A similar trend was observed for O2.- generation (measured as nmol acet. cyt c reduction min-1 mg protein-1) by these compounds in MCF-7 S9 fraction: 1-AQ (9.5) and 1,8-AQ (7.9), whilst 1,5-AQ, 1,4-AQ and mitozantrone showed no significant effect. All the AQ's including mitozantrone were cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells in a dose dependent manner with EC50 values as follows: 1-AQ (0.01 micron) greater than doxorubicin (0.4 microM) greater than mitozantrone (0.6 microM) greater than 1,8-AQ (2.0 microM) greater than 1,5-AQ (4.0 microM) greater than 1,4-AQ (8.0 microM). Thus the redox active AQ's were also the most cytotoxic. Mitozantrone however was not redox active but was more cytotoxic than all but 1-AQ hence it would appear that factors other than free radical generation contribute to the antitumor activity of this group of compounds.
Collapse
|
145
|
Gilbert TL, Brown JR, O'Hara PJ, Buroker NE, Beckenbach AT, Smith MJ. Sequence of tRNA(Thr) and tRNA(Pro) from white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res 1988; 16:11825. [PMID: 3211756 PMCID: PMC339125 DOI: 10.1093/nar/16.24.11825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
|
146
|
Golightly L, Brown JE, Mitchell JB, Brown JR. Trypanocidal activity of free and carrier bound daunorubicin. CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS 1988; 12:77-83. [PMID: 3396080 DOI: 10.1016/0309-1651(88)90121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Activities of a range of macromolecular conjugates of daunorubicin against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in vitro and in vivo are described and compared to those of free daunorubicin. Conjugates tested were daunorubicin attached to bovine serum albumin by (i) a labile 'glutaraldehyde' linkage (D-BSAG), and (ii) a stable succinyl linkage (D-BSAS), daunorubicin covalently linked to agarose beads (D-AG), and daunorubicin adsorbed onto polyisobutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles (D-PICA). Trypanocidal activity in vitro was retained in all except D-BSAS, whereas in vivo only D-BSAG had any activity. The results indicate that daunorubicin must be released from the conjugate before it can exert its activity.
Collapse
|
147
|
Campion MJ, Brown JR, McCance DJ, Atia W, Edwards R, Cuzick J, Singer A. Psychosexual trauma of an abnormal cervical smear. BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1988; 95:175-81. [PMID: 2831933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The psychosexual sequelae of diagnosis and treatment of pre-invasive cervical atypia were assessed in three groups of women. The first group included 30 women referred to a colposcopy clinic with an abnormal cervical smear indicating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), the second comprised 50 women who were traced as sexual partners of men with penile human papillomavirus (HPV) infection; 26 of them had histologically proven cervical atypia and 24 had no such evidence. The third group included 25 women traced as partners of men with non-specific urethritis and who did not have cervical disease. Before and after questionnaires assessed six aspects of sexual behaviour and responses before diagnosis and 6 months after treatment in women with cervical atypia. These were compared with answers given by women investigated and treated, if necessary, as partners of men with sexually transmitted disease (control group). There were statistically significant adverse psychosexual sequelae associated with diagnosis and treatment of pre-invasive cervical epithelial disease.
Collapse
|
148
|
Brown JR. Mortality from ischaemic heart disease in the Armed Forces 1973-1984. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 1987; 133:179. [PMID: 3500306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
149
|
Brown JR. Assessing assessment: the Goldman-Fristoe-Woodcock Auditory Skills Battery. Ear Hear 1987; 8:262-9. [PMID: 3678639 DOI: 10.1097/00003446-198710000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose for this study was to determine the internal consistency (reliability) and the test-retest consistency (stability), and analyze the factor structures for the first ten tests of The Goldman-Fristoe-Woodcock Auditory Skills Battery (GFW Battery) in a population of normally hearing and regularly educated elementary children. The test battery was administered exactly as described in the test manuals to 100 children randomly selected from three public school districts. The results were that while the tests in the GFW Battery were typically reliable they were not stable. Additionally, the results indicated that factor structures suggested four distinct behaviors which conformed to auditory processing but which were significantly different than the factor structures reported for the GFW Battery. The first implication for clinicians is to retest children, after initial test administration, to ensure the stability of the initial test score. The second implication from this study is to question the validity of identifying each of the tests of the GFW Battery as unique and the validity for isolating the first 10 tests for planning and implementing auditory training.
Collapse
|
150
|
Poulos C, Stavropoulos G, Brown JR, Jordan CC. Structure-activity studies on the C-terminal hexapeptide of substance P with modifications at the glutaminyl and methioninyl residues. J Med Chem 1987; 30:1512-5. [PMID: 2441056 DOI: 10.1021/jm00391a041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of [Orn6]-SP6-11 have been synthesized in which the SCH3 group of the Met11 side chain is replaced by other functional groups, such as (CH2)2NH2, COOH, CONH2, and COOR, which have basic, acid, or neutral character and which may act as either H-bonding donors or H-bonding acceptors. These analogues were tested in guinea pig ileum and rat colon muscularis mucosae, in vitro. Substitution of Lys, Gln, or Glu at position 11 caused a marked reduction in biological activity in both tissues. In contrast, the glutamate benzyl ester analogue had only slightly reduced activity in the guinea pig ileum and an increased (4.7 times) activity in the rat colon. It is concluded that charged groups in the side chain at position 11 of SP6-11 reduce the biological activity of SP hexapeptide.
Collapse
|