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Lim JM, Choi JH, Choi JW, Yun JW, Park TJ, Park JP. Cloning, Expression, and Production of Xylo-Oligosaccharides by Using a Newly Screened Xylanase Isolated from Bovine Rumen. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:1347-1357. [PMID: 29027104 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Choi JW, Lee H, Lee G, Kim YR, Ahn MJ, Park HJ, Eom K, Kwon T. Blood Droplet-Based Cancer Diagnosis via Proteolytic Activity Measurement in Cancer Progression. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2878-2887. [PMID: 28824722 PMCID: PMC5562222 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is a key marker and target molecule for cancer diagnosis, as MMP is able to cleave peptide chains resulting in degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), a necessary step for cancer development. In particular, MMP2 has recently been recognized as an important biomarker for lung cancer. Despite the important role of detecting MMP molecules in cancer diagnosis, it is a daunting task to quantitatively understand a correlation between the status of cancer development and the secretion level of MMP in a blood droplet. Here, we demonstrate a nanoscale cancer diagnosis by nanomechanical quantitation of MMP2 molecules under cancer progression with using a blood droplet of lung cancer patients. Specifically, we measured the frequency dynamics of nanomechanical biosensor functionalized with peptide chains mimicking ECM in response to MMP2 secreted from tumors in lung with different metastasis level. It is shown that the frequency shift of the biosensor, which exhibits the detection sensitivity below 1 nM, enables the quantitation of the secretion level of MMP2 molecules during the progression of cancer cells or tumor growth. More importantly, using a blood droplet of lung cancer patients, nanomechanical biosensor is shown to be capable of depicting the correlation between the secretion level of MMP2 molecules and the level of cancer metastasis, which highlights the cantilever-based MMP2 detection for diagnosis of lung cancer. Our finding will broaden the understanding of cancer development activated by MMP and allow for a fast and point-of-care cancer diagnostics.
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Choi JW, Lee H, Lee JC, Lee S, Kim YS, Yoon HJ, Kim HC. Application of genetic algorithm for hemodialysis schedule optimization. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 145:35-43. [PMID: 28552124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conventional hemodialysis (HD) schedule has been used for decades, even though new modalities have been introduced. Many reasons limit practices of frequent dialysis, such as patients' environments and unknown optimal schedules for each patient. This research provides a theoretical recommendation of HD schedule through genetic algorithm (GA). METHODS An end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with various dialysis conditions was modeled through a classic variable-volume two-compartment kinetic model to simulate an anuric patient, and GA was implemented to search for an optimal HD schedule for each individual considering and ignoring burden consumption of each dialysis session. The adequacy of the optimized HD schedules through GA was assessed with time average concentration (TAC) and time average deviation (TAD). RESULTS While ignoring the burden of dialysis sessions, GA returned schedules with slightly improved values of adequacy criteria (EKRc and std Kt/V), compared to the conventional regular uniform HD schedules. The optimized HD schedules also showed decreased TAC and TAD values compared to the conventional regular uniform HD schedules. It showed that frequent dialysis resulted in more effective treatment and higher fitness values. However, when burden was considered, less frequent dialysis schedules showed better fitness value. CONCLUSIONS Through this research, GA confirmed that at least 12h of dialysis should be conducted for a week. The optimized schedules from GA indicated that evenly distributing the intervals amongst sessions is efficient, and that scheduling a session at the start and end of a week is optimal to overcome a long weekend interval. The theoretical optimal schedule of HD may help distribution of frequent dialysis and provide more schedule options to patients.
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Jeong WS, Choi JW, Kim DY, Lee JY, Kwon SM. Corrigendum to "Can a surgery-first orthognathic approach reduce the total treatment time?" [Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 46 (2017) 473-482]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [PMID: 28623044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jun HY, Kim TH, Choi JW, Lee YH, Lee KK, Yoon KH. Evaluation of connectivity map-discovered celastrol as a radiosensitizing agent in a murine lung carcinoma model: Feasibility study of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178204. [PMID: 28542649 PMCID: PMC5441657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to identify potential radiosensitizing (RS) agents for combined radio- and chemotherapy in a murine model of human lung carcinoma, and to evaluate the in vivo effect of the RS agents using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). Radioresistance-associated genes in A549 and H460 cells were isolated on the basis of their gene expression profiles. Celastrol was selected as a candidate RS by using connectivity mapping, and its efficacy in lung cancer radiotherapy was tested. Mice inoculated with A549 carcinoma cells were treated with single ionizing radiation (SIR), single celastrol (SC), or celastrol-combined ionizing radiation (CCIR). Changes in radiosensitization over time were assessed using DW-MRI before and at 3, 6, and 12 days after therapy initiation. The tumors were stained with hematoxylin and eosin at 6 and 12 days after therapy. The percentage change in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in the CCIR group was significantly higher than that in the SC and SIR group on the 12th day (Mann–Whitney U-test, p = 0.05; Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.05). A significant correlation (Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient of 0.713, p = 0.001) was observed between the mean percentage tumor necrotic area and the mean ADC values after therapy initiation. These results suggest that the novel radiosensitizing agent celastrol has therapeutic effects when combined with ionizing radiation (IR), thereby maximizing the therapeutic effect of radiation in non–small cell lung carcinoma. In addition, DW-MRI is a useful noninvasive tool to monitor the effects of RS agents by assessing cellularity changes and sequential therapeutic responses.
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Bak SH, Roh HG, Moon WJ, Choi JW, An HS. Appropriate Minimal Dose of Gadobutrol for 3D Time-Resolved MRA of the Supra-Aortic Arteries: Comparison with Conventional Single-Phase High-Resolution 3D Contrast-Enhanced MRA. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1383-1390. [PMID: 28473338 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and neural tissue deposition is gadolinium dose-dependent. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate minimal dose of gadobutrol with time-resolved MRA to assess supra-aortic arterial stenosis with contrast-enhanced MRA as a reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundred sixty-two consecutive patients underwent both standard-dose contrast-enhanced MRA and low-dose time-resolved MRA and were classified into 3 groups; group A (a constant dose of 1 mL for time-resolved MRA), group B (2 mL), or group C (3 mL). All studies were independently evaluated by 2 radiologists for image quality by using a 5-point scale (from 0 = failure to 4 = excellent), grading of arterial stenosis (0 = normal, 1 = mild [<30%], 2 = moderate [30%-69%], 3 = severe to occlusion [≥70%]), and signal-to-noise ratio. RESULTS The image quality of time-resolved MRA was similar to that of contrast-enhanced MRA in groups B and C, but it was inferior to contrast-enhanced MRA in group A. For the grading of arterial stenosis, there was an excellent correlation between contrast-enhanced MRA and time-resolved MRA (R = 0.957 for group A, R = 0.988 for group B, R = 0.991 for group C). The SNR of time-resolved MRA tended to be lower than that of contrast-enhanced MRA in groups A and B. However, SNR was higher for time-resolved MRA compared with contrast-enhanced MRA in group C. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose time-resolved MRA is feasible in the evaluation of supra-aortic stenosis and could be used as an alternative to contrast-enhanced MRA for a diagnostic technique in high-risk populations.
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Seo K, Choi JW, Kim DW, Han D, Noh SJ, Jung HS. Aminophylline Effect on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:358-365. [PMID: 28219599 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aminophylline increases the intracellular concentration of cAMP and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aminophylline on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. METHODS Thirty C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups. In the sham group (group S, n = 10), only right nephrectomy was performed. In the control group (group C, n = 10), after right nephrectomy, the mice were subjected to 30 minutes of left renal ischemia. In the aminophylline group (group A, n = 10), an intraperitoneal injection of aminophylline (5 mg/kg) was performed before renal ischemia. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, the mice were euthanized, and plasma and kidney samples were obtained to analyze the serum creatinine, renal histology, and expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS The serum creatinine concentration in group C was markedly elevated at 24 hours after reperfusion. Aminophylline treatment significantly reduced serum creatinine, compared with group C. Aminophylline also reduced the histological evidence of renal damage. The expression levels of NF-kB, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA were significantly increased in group C (P < .001). Group A showed lower expression of NF-kB, TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-2, and ICAM-1 mRNA than group C (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Aminophylline treatment improved the renal function and indexes of renal inflammation, which suggests that it provided reno-protection against renal I/R injury.
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Nam SY, Jeon SW, Lee HS, Kwon YH, Park H, Choi JW. Long-term follow-up of pepsinogen I/II ratio after eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients who underwent endoscopic mucosal resection for gastric cancer. Dig Liver Dis 2017; 49:500-506. [PMID: 28057446 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the pepsinogen I/II (PGI/II) ratio after Helicobacter pylori eradication is recovered at short-term follow-up, long-term follow-up studies of PGI/II are rare. METHODS A total of 773 patients with gastric cancer who underwent endoscopic resection and pepsinogen and H. pylori tests were enrolled. H. pylori was eradicated in these patients. Endoscopic and pepsinogen tests were performed every year. A low PGI/II ratio was defined as ≤3. RESULTS The PGI/II ratio was higher in non-infected patients (n=275, 4.99) than infected patients (n=498, 3.53). After H. pylori eradication, the PGI/II ratio increased to 5.81 and 5.63 after 1 and 2 years (each p<0.05). The PGI/II ratio in the non-eradication group decreased to 3.94 and 2.75 after 1 and 2 years. The PGI/II ratio in the H. pylori eradication group became similar to that of the H. pylori-negative group at 3 (4.48 vs. 4.34), 4 (4.88 vs. 4.34), and 5 years (4.89 vs. 4.23). The adjusted odds ratios for a lower PG I/II ratio in the non-eradication group compared to the eradication group were 4.78 (95% CI 2.15-10.67) after 1year and 8.13 (95% CI 2.56-25.83) after 2 years. CONCLUSIONS After H. pylori eradication, the PGI/II ratio increased and was similar to that of H. pylori-negative controls for up to 5 years of follow-up.
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Kim NR, Moon SG, Park JY, Choi JW, Oh KS. Stress ultrasound in baseball players with ulnar collateral ligament injuries: additional value for predicting rehabilitation outcome. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017; 26:815-823. [PMID: 28314694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the additional value of stress ultrasound (US) for predicting rehabilitation outcome in baseball players with ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury. METHODS Stress US and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 41 baseball players with UCL injury who received rehabilitation treatment for more than 6 weeks were retrospectively compared between the rehabilitation group (n = 23) and surgery group (n = 18). The MRI grade of UCL injury was assessed as intact continuity, low-grade partial tear, high-grade partial tear, and complete tear. To estimate sonographic joint laxity, we assessed 3 sonographic criteria as present or absent: ligamentous waviness, joint gapping, and intra-articular ring-down artifact. In addition, the presence of concomitant tenderness was checked during stress US. The diagnostic validity of MRI with and without stress US was analyzed as a predictor for the rehabilitation outcome. RESULTS The MRI grade was higher in the surgery group than in the rehabilitation group (P < .001). Sonographic joint laxity showing the ring-down artifact and concomitant tenderness with stress were significantly more frequent in the surgery group (P = .024 and P = .006, respectively). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 61.1%, 86.9%, and 75.6%, respectively, for MRI alone and 83.3%, 56.5%, and 68.2%, respectively, for the combination of MRI with joint laxity showing the ring-down artifact. For MRI in combination with joint laxity and concomitant tenderness, these values were 72.2%, 82.6%, and 78.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION The addition of stress US showing the ring-down artifact and concomitant tenderness was helpful for predicting the rehabilitation outcome of UCL injuries.
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Choi JW, Park JH, Cho HR, Chung JW, Kim DD, Kim HC, Cho HJ. Sorafenib and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid-loaded imageable microspheres for transarterial embolization of a liver tumor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:554. [PMID: 28373713 PMCID: PMC5429668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib (SOF; an angiogenesis inhibitor) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA; a contrast agent for computed tomography imaging)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres (MSs) were fabricated. Embolization, drug delivery, and tracing the distribution of MSs for liver cancer therapy were accomplished with the developed MSs after their intra-arterial (IA) administration. SOF/TIBA/PLGA MSs with 24.8–28.5 µm mean diameters were prepared, and the sustained release of SOF from MSs was observed. Lower systemic exposure (represented as the area under the curve [AUC]) and maximum drug concentration in plasma (Cmax) values of the SOF/TIBA/PLGA MSs group (IA administration, 1 mg/kg) in the results of the pharmacokinetic study imply alleviated unwanted systemic effects (e.g., hand and foot syndrome), compared to the SOF solution group (oral administration, 10 mg/kg). In a rat hepatoma model, the increase of microvessel density (MVD) following arterial embolization (i.e., reactive angiogenesis) was partially limited by SOF/TIBA/PLGA MSs. This resulted in the SOF/TIBA/PLGA MSs group (IA administration, single dosing, 1 mg/kg) showing a smaller tumor size increase and viable tumor portion compared to the TIBA/PLGA MSs group. These findings suggest that a developed SOF/TIBA/PLGA MS can be a promising therapeutic system for liver cancer using a transarterial embolization strategy.
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Yang SH, Choi JW, Huh D, Jo HA, Kim S, Lim CS, Lee JC, Kim HC, Kwon HM, Jeong CW, Kwak C, Joo KW, Kim YS, Kim DK. Roles of fluid shear stress and retinoic acid in the differentiation of primary cultured human podocytes. Exp Cell Res 2017; 354:48-56. [PMID: 28320523 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to the distinct features that distinguish immortalized podocyte cell lines from their in vivo counterparts, primary cultured human podocytes might be a superior cell model for glomerular disease studies. However, the podocyte de-differentiation that occurs in culture remains an unresolved problem. Here, we present a method to differentiate primary cultured podocytes using retinoic acid (RA) and fluid shear stress (FSS), which mimic the in vivo environment of the glomerulus. RA treatment induced changes in the cell shape of podocytes from a cobblestone-like morphology to an arborized configuration with enhanced mobility. Moreover, the expression of synaptopodin and zonula occludens (ZO)-1 in RA-treated podocytes increased along with Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) expression. Confocal microscopy revealed that RA increased the expression of cytoplasmic synaptopodin, which adopted a filamentous arrangement, and junctional ZO-1 expression, which showed a zipper-like pattern. To elucidate the effect of FSS in addition to RA, the podocytes were cultured in microfluidic devices and assigned to the static, static+RA, FSS, and FSS+RA groups. The FSS+RA group showed increased synaptopodin and ZO-1 expression with prominent spikes on the cell-cell interface. Furthermore, interdigitating processes were only observed in the FSS+RA group. Consistent with these data, the mRNA expression levels of synaptopodin, podocin, WT-1 and ZO-1 were synergistically increased by FSS and RA treatment. Additionally, the heights of the cells were greater in the FSS and FSS+RA groups than in the static groups, suggesting a restoration of the 3D cellular shape. Meanwhile, the expression of KLF15 increased in the RA-treated cells regardless of fluidic condition. Taken together, FSS and RA may contribute through different but additive mechanisms to the differentiation of podocytes. These cells may serve as a useful tool for mechanistic studies and the application of regenerative medicine to the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Choi JW, Kim HC, Lee JH, Yu SJ, Cho EJ, Kim MU, Hur S, Lee M, Jae HJ, Chung JW. Cone Beam CT-Guided Chemoembolization of Probable Hepatocellular Carcinomas Smaller than 1 cm in Patients at High Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017; 28:795-803.e1. [PMID: 28302348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of cone-beam computed tomography (CT)-guided chemoembolization for probable hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) smaller than 1 cm in patients at high risk for HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS From December 2009 to May 2014, 57 patients (43 male and 14 female; mean age, 61.1 y) at high risk for HCC underwent cone-beam CT-guided conventional chemoembolization for 79 treatment-naive probable HCCs < 1 cm. Probable HCCs were diagnosed when hepatic nodules showed arterial enhancement and washout on dynamic CT or magnetic resonance images. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional-hazards regression were used to evaluate the time to local progression (TTLP), time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Initial follow-up images obtained 2-3 months after chemoembolization showed complete response in all 79 tumors. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year local progression rates were 10.4%, 21.7%, and 35.7%, respectively. Subsegmental catheterization (P < .001; hazard ratio [HR] = .041) and segmental catheterization (P = .001; HR = .049) were significantly associated with longer TTLP. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year progression rates were 40.5%, 66.7%, and 78.6%, respectively. Tumor multiplicity (P = .004; HR = 2.612) was a significant risk factor for shorter TTP. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were 100%, 98.2%, and 88.5%, respectively. Child-Turcotte-Pugh class B disease (P = .029; HR = 5.989) was significantly associated with shorter OS. No complications occurred after chemoembolization. CONCLUSIONS Cone-beam CT-guided chemoembolization can be a useful and safe option for probable HCCs < 1 cm in patients at high risk for HCC.
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Choi JW, Lee D, Hyun SH, Han M, Kim JH, Lee SJ. Intratumoural heterogeneity measured using FDG PET and MRI is associated with tumour-stroma ratio and clinical outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:482-489. [PMID: 28285707 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between the tumour-stroma ratio and intratumoural heterogeneity measured using 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and further investigate the prognostic significance of imaging biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Textural-based imaging parameters of the primary tumour were extracted in 44 patients. In addition, the difference between the minimum and maximum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (ADCdiff) was calculated on MRI. The relationships between the tumour-stroma ratio and imaging parameters were evaluated. The associations between imaging parameters and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS Coarseness (r=-0.382) on PET and ADCdiff (r=0.534) on MRI were significantly correlated with the proportion of stroma. The best imaging biomarkers for the 2-year RFS prediction were coarseness (AUC=0.741) and ADCdiff (AUC=0.779). Multivariate analysis showed that coarseness (hazard ratio=10.549, 95% confidence interval=2.544-43.748, p=0.001) was an independent prognostic factor for RFS. CONCLUSION Heterogeneity imaging parameters are significantly associated with the tumour-stroma ratio. These imaging biomarkers may help to facilitate the risk stratification for tumour recurrence in HNSCC.
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Seo KH, Choi JW, Jung HS, Yoo H, Joo JD. The Effects of Remifentanil on Expression of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Septic Rats. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:542-551. [PMID: 28145661 PMCID: PMC5290117 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.3.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a pivotal mediator of sepsis progression. Remifentanil, an opioid agonist, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in septic mice. However, it is not yet known whether remifentanil affects the expression of HMGB1. We investigated the effects of remifentanil on HMGB1 expression and the underlying mechanism in septic rats. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups; a sham group, a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, and a CLP with remifentanil treatment (Remi) group. The rat model of CLP was used to examine plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, tissue HMGB1 mRNA and the activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the liver, lungs, kidneys, and ileum. Pathologic changes and immunohistochemical staining of NF-κB in the liver, lungs, and kidneys tissue were observed. We found that remifentanil treatment suppressed the level of serum interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 6 hours after CLP, and serum HMGB1 24 hours after CLP. HMGB1 mRNA levels and the activity of NF-κB in multiple organs decreased by remifentanil treatment 24 hours after CLP. Remifentanil treatment also attenuated nuclear expression of NF-κB in immunohistochemical staining and mitigated pathologic changes in multiple organs. Altogether, these results suggested that remifentanil inhibited expression of HMGB1 in vital organs and release of HMGB1 into plasma. The mechanism was related to the inhibitory effect of remifentanil on the release of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of NF-κB.
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Baik JS, Choi JW, Kim SJ, Kim JH, Kim S, Kim JH. Predictive Value of Dental Maturity for a Positive Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation Test Result in Girls with Precocious Puberty. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:296-302. [PMID: 28049241 PMCID: PMC5219996 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.2.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental maturity is associated with skeletal maturity, which is advanced in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). We investigated the performance of dental maturity as a screening method for CPP using mandibular second premolar and molar calcification stages, assessed the associated anthropometric and laboratory factors, and evaluated pubertal response predictors using the gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test (GnRHST) in prepubertal and pubertal girls. A prospective case-control study was conducted in girls, aged 7.0-8.9 years, classified into pubertal (peak luteinizing hormone [LH] after GnRHST ≥ 5 IU/L), prepubertal (peak LH < 5 IU/L), and control groups. Auxological and biochemical tests, panoramic radiographs, and GnRHSTs in participants with breast development were conducted. Dental maturity was assessed using the Demirjian index (DI). We included 103 girls (pubertal, 40; prepubertal, 19; control, 44). Chronological age (CA) was not significantly different between groups. Bone age (BA) and BA advancement was higher in the pubertal and prepubertal groups. Increased DI values at the mandibular second premolar and molar were significantly associated with CA, BA, BA advancement, height standard deviation score (SDS), peak LH after GnRHST, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (all P < 0.05). Moreover, odds ratio (OR) of the mandibular second premolar and molar (a DI value of ≥ E) for predicting a positive response to GnRHST was 8.7 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.9-26.1) and 5.2 (95% CI, 2.2-12.7), respectively. Dental maturity was a strong predictor for diagnosing CPP. Determining dental maturity in girls with suspected precocious puberty might help determine the performance of GnRHSTs.
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Park HY, Kang EJ, Kim DG, Kim KJ, Choi JW, Nam SY, Kwon YH, Lee HS, Jeon SW. High and Frequent Dose of Dexlansoprazole and Amoxicillin Dual Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Infections: A Single Arm Prospective Study. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2017; 70:176-180. [DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2017.70.4.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Choi JW, Jeon SW, Kwon JG, Lee DW, Ha CY, Cho KB, Jang BI, Park JB, Park YS. Volume of hospital is important for the prognosis of high-risk patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB). Surg Endosc 2016; 31:3339-3346. [PMID: 27928663 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-016-5369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is a potentially life-threatening hospital emergency requiring hemodynamic stabilization and resuscitation. This study is carried out to determine whether hospital volume can influence outcome in patients with NVUGIB. METHOD This is a retrospective study with a prospective cohort database (KCT 0000514. cris.nih.go.kr). Eight teaching hospitals were divided into two different groups: high-volume centers (HVC, ≥60 NVUGIB patients/year, four clinics) and low-volume centers (LVC, <60 NVUGIB patients/year, four clinics). Baseline characteristics of patients, risk stratification, and outcomes between hospitals of different volumes were compared. From February 2011 to December 2013, a total of 1584 NVUGIB patients enrolled in eight clinics were retrospectively reviewed. The main outcome measurements consisted of continuous bleeding after treatment, re-bleeding, necessity for surgical/other retreatments, and death within 30 days. RESULTS Similar baseline characters for patients were observed in both groups. There was a significant difference in the incidence of poor outcome between the HVC and LVC groups (9.06 vs. 13.69%, P = 0.014). The incidence rate of poor outcome in high-risk patients (Rockall score ≥8) in HVC was lower than that in high-risk patients in LVC (16.07 vs. 26.92%, P = 0.048); however, there was no significant difference in poor outcome in the lower-risk patients in either group (8.72 vs. 10.42%, P = 0.370). CONCLUSIONS Significant correlation between hospital volume and outcome in NVUGIB patients was observed. Referral to HVC for the management of high-risk NVUGIB patients should be considered in clinical practice.
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Kim SS, Han GS, Kim GN, Koo DS, Kim IG, Choi JW. Advanced remediation of uranium-contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 164:239-244. [PMID: 27522327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The existing decontamination method using electrokinetic equipment after acidic washing for uranium-contaminated soil requires a long decontamination time and a significant amount of electric power. However, after soil washing, with a sulfuric acid solution and an oxidant at 65 °C, the removal of the muddy solution using a 100 mesh sieve can decrease the radioactivity of the remaining coarse soil to the clearance level. Therefore, only a small amount of fine soil collected from the muddy solution requires the electrokinetic process for its decontamination. Furthermore, it is found that the selective removal of uranium from the sulfuric washing solution is not obtained using an anion exchanger but rather using a cation exchanger, unexpectedly. More than 90% of the uranium in the soil washing solutions is adsorbed on the S-950 resin, and 87% of the uranium adsorbed on S-950 is desorbed by washing with a 0.5 M Na2CO3 solution at 60 °C.
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Kim KH, Tandi TE, Choi JW, Moon JM, Kim MS. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in South Korea, 2015: epidemiology, characteristics and public health implications. J Hosp Infect 2016; 95:207-213. [PMID: 28153558 PMCID: PMC7114867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Since the first case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in South Korea was reported on 20th May 2015, there have been 186 confirmed cases, 38 deaths and 16,752 suspected cases. Previously published research on South Korea's MERS outbreak was limited to the early stages, when few data were available. Now that the outbreak has ended, albeit unofficially, a more comprehensive review is appropriate. Methods Data were obtained through the MERS portal by the Ministry for Health and Welfare (MOHW) and Korea Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, press releases by MOHW, and reports by the MERS Policy Committee of the Korean Medical Association. Cases were analysed for general characteristics, exposure source, timeline and infection generation. Sex, age and underlying diseases were analysed for the 38 deaths. Findings Beginning with the index case that infected 28 others, an in-depth analysis was conducted. The average age was 55 years, which was a little higher than the global average of 50 years. As in most other countries, more men than women were affected. The case fatality rate was 19.9%, which was lower than the global rate of 38.7% and the rate in Saudi Arabia (36.5%). In total, 184 patients were infected nosocomially and there were no community-acquired infections. The main underlying diseases were respiratory diseases, cancer and hypertension. The main contributors to the outbreak were late diagnosis, quarantine failure of ‘super spreaders’, familial care-giving and visiting, non-disclosure by patients, poor communication by the South Korean Government, inadequate hospital infection management, and ‘doctor shopping’. The outbreak was entirely nosocomial, and was largely attributable to infection management and policy failures, rather than biomedical factors.
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Kim TK, Park YS, Baik HW, Jun JH, Kim EK, Sull JW, Sung HJ, Choi JW, Chung SH, Gye MC, Lim JY, Kim JB, Kim SH. Melatonin modulates adiponectin expression on murine colitis with sleep deprivation. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7559-7568. [PMID: 27672276 PMCID: PMC5011669 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i33.7559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine adiponectin expression in colonic tissue of murine colitis and systemic cytokine expression after melatonin treatments and sleep deprivation.
METHODS The following five groups of C57BL/6 mice were used in this study: (1) group I, control; (2) group II, 2% DSS induced colitis for 7 d; (3) group III, 2% DSS induced colitis and melatonin treatment; (4) group IV, 2% DSS induced colitis with sleep deprivation (SD) using specially designed and modified multiple platform water baths; and (5) group V, 2% DSS induced colitis with SD and melatonin treatment. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) or saline was intraperitoneally injected daily to mice for 4 d. The body weight was monitored daily. The degree of colitis was evaluated histologically after sacrificing the mice. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis was performed using anti-adiponectin antibody. After sampling by intracardiac punctures, levels of serum cytokines were measured by ELISA.
RESULTS Sleep deprivation in water bath exacerbated DSS induced colitis and worsened weight loss. Melatonin injection not only alleviated the severity of mucosal injury, but also helped survival during stressful condition. The expression level of adiponectin in mucosa was decreased in colitis, with the lowest level observed in colitis combined with sleep deprivation. Melatonin injection significantly (P < 0.05) recovered the expression of adiponectin. The expression levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were increased in the serum of mice with DSS colitis but decreased after melatonin injection.
CONCLUSION This study suggested that melatonin modulated adiponectin expression in colonic tissue and melatonin and adiponectin synergistically potentiated anti-inflammatory effects on colitis with sleep deprivation.
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Choi JW, Joo JD, Kim DW, In JH, Kwon SY, Seo K, Han D, Cheon GY, Jung HS. Comparison of an Intraoperative Infusion of Dexmedetomidine, Fentanyl, and Remifentanil on Perioperative Hemodynamics, Sedation Quality, and Postoperative Pain Control. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:1485-90. [PMID: 27510395 PMCID: PMC4974193 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.9.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare fentanyl, remifentanil and dexmedetomidine with respect to hemodynamic stability, postoperative pain control and achievement of sedation at the postanesthetic care unit (PACU). In this randomized double-blind study, 90 consecutive total laparoscopic hysterectomy patients scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned to receive fentanyl (1.0 μg/kg) over 1 minute followed by a 0.4 μg/kg/hr infusion (FK group, n = 30), or remifentanil (1.0 μg/kg) over 1 minute followed by a 0.08 μg/kg/min infusion (RK group, n = 30), or dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) over 10 minutes followed by a 0.5 μg/kg/hr infusion (DK group, n = 30) initiating at the end of main procedures of the operation to the time in the PACU. A single dose of intravenous ketorolac (30 mg) was given to all patients at the end of surgery. We respectively evaluated the pain VAS scores, the modified OAA/S scores, the BIS, the vital signs and the perioperative side effects to compare the efficacy of fentanyl, remifentanil and dexmedetomidine. Compared with other groups, the modified OAA/S scores were significantly lower in DK group at 0, 5 and 10 minutes after arrival at the PACU (P < 0.05), whereas the pain VAS and BIS were not significantly different from other groups. The blood pressure and heart rate in the DK group were significantly lower than those of other groups at the PACU (P < 0.05). DK group, at sedative doses, had the better postoperative hemodynamic stability than RK group or FK group and demonstrated a similar effect of pain control as RK group and FK group with patient awareness during sedation in the PACU. (World Health Organization registry, KCT0001524).
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Kim YR, Park MS, Eum KH, Kim J, Lee JW, Bae T, Lee DH, Choi JW. Transcriptome analysis indicates TFEB1 and YEATS4 as regulatory transcription factors for drug resistance of ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31030-8. [PMID: 26307679 PMCID: PMC4741586 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is an intractable disease because patients with ovarian cancer frequently develop drug resistance after long-term chemotherapy. Despite the availability of cumulative information on drug-resistant patients, strategies to reverse drug resistance have still not been established. In this study, we analyzed drug resistance-associated transcription factors (TFs) in ovarian cancer. Gene expression profiles of 15 drug-resistant and 11 drug-sensitive patients with ovarian cancer were compared. Our results showed that TFs TFEB1 and YEATS4 regulated the expression of downstream target genes. These 2 TFs have already been implicated in tumorigenesis or metastasis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the involvement of these TFs in drug resistance of ovarian cancer. Interestingly, 70% knockdown of each of these TFs with siRNAs resulted in approximately 20%∼30% recovery of drug sensitivity. Further, combination treatment of ovarian cancer cells with TFEB1 and YEATS4 siRNAs resulted in 35% reversal of drug resistance. The effect of these TFs on chemoresistance seemed to be associated with intrinsic apoptosis-related pathways, such as p53 activation, and not with the suppression of drug transport. Thus, we suggest a novel approach to reverse chemoresistance of ovarian cancer by suppressing TFEB1 and YEATS4.
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Choi JW, Yoon KH, Yun SH. Antimetastatic Effect by Targeting CTC Cluster-Response. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4910. [PMID: 27528582 PMCID: PMC4991551 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood
- Melanoma, Experimental/enzymology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/metabolism
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Kim YW, Hong JM, Park DG, Choi JW, Kang DH, Kim YS, Zaidat OO, Demchuk AM, Hwang YH, Lee JS. Effect of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease on Endovascular Treatment for Patients with Acute Vertebrobasilar Occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:2072-2078. [PMID: 27313131 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although intracranial atherosclerotic disease is often encountered during endovascular treatment for acute vertebrobasilar occlusions, its clinical implication is not well-known. We aimed to evaluate whether intracranial atherosclerotic disease influences the clinical outcomes following endovascular treatment of acute vertebrobasilar occlusive stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-one patients with acute vertebrobasilar occlusive stroke were included. The onset-to-groin puncture time was ≤12 hours, and aspiration- or stent-based thrombectomy was used as the primary treatment method. Following primary endovascular treatment, intracranial atherosclerotic disease (IAD group) was angiographically diagnosed when a fixed focal stenosis was observed at the occlusion site, whereas embolism (embolic group) was diagnosed if no stenosis was observed. Clinical and treatment variables were compared in both groups, and IAD was evaluated as a prognostic factor for clinical outcomes. RESULTS The baseline NIHSS score tended to be lower (14 versus 22, P = .097) in the IAD group (n = 19) than in the embolic group (n = 32). The procedural time was longer in the IAD group (96 versus 61 minutes, P = .002), despite similar rates of TICI 2b-3 (89.5% versus 87.5%, P = 1.000). The NIHSS score at 7 days was higher (21 versus 8, P = .060) and poor outcomes (mRS 4-6 at 3 months) were more frequent in the IAD group (73.7% versus 43.8%, P = .038). IAD (odds ratio, 5.469; 95% CI, 1.09-27.58; P = .040) was independently associated with poor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS An arterial occlusion related to IAD was associated with a longer procedural time and poorer clinical outcome. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the appropriate endovascular strategy.
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Choi JS, Kim JK, Yang YJ, Kim Y, Kim P, Park SG, Cho EY, Lee DH, Choi JW. Corrigendum to "Identification of cromolyn sodium as an anti-fibrotic agent targeting both hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells" [Pharmacol. Res. 102 (2015) 176-183]. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:277-278. [PMID: 27137797 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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