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Robertson JF, Nicholson RI, Bundred NJ, Anderson E, Rayter Z, Dowsett M, Fox JN, Gee JM, Webster A, Wakeling AE, Morris C, Dixon M. Comparison of the short-term biological effects of 7alpha-[9-(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentylsulfinyl)-nonyl]estra-1,3,5, (10)-triene-3,17beta-diol (Faslodex) versus tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. Cancer Res 2001; 61:6739-46. [PMID: 11559545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
7Alpha-[9-(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentylsulfinyl)-nonyl]estra-1,3,5, (10)-triene-3,17beta-diol (ICI 182,780; Faslodex) is a novel steroidal antiestrogen. This partially blind, randomized, multicenter study compared the effects of single doses of long-acting ICI 182,780 with tamoxifen or placebo on estrogen receptor (ERalpha) and progesterone receptor (PgR) content, Ki67 proliferation-associated antigen labeling index (Ki67LI), and the apoptotic index in the primary breast tumors of postmenopausal women. Previously untreated patients (stages T(1)-T(3); ER-positive or -unknown) were randomized and received a single i.m. dose of ICI 182,780 50 mg (n = 39), ICI 182,780 125 mg (n = 38), or ICI 182,780 250 mg (n = 44) or oral tamoxifen 20 mg daily (n = 36) or matching tamoxifen placebo (n = 43) for 14-21 days before tumor resection surgery with curative intent. The ER and PgR H-scores, together with the Ki67LI were determined immunohistochemically in the matched pretreatment biopsy and the posttreatment surgical specimens. The apoptotic index was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling on the same samples. The effects of treatment on each of these parameters were compared using analysis of covariance. ICI 182,780 produced dose-dependent reductions in ER and PgR H-scores and in the Ki67LI. The reductions in ER expression were statistically significant at all doses of ICI 182,780 compared with placebo (ICI 182,780 50 mg, P = 0.026; 125 mg, P = 0.006; 250 mg, P = 0.0001), and for ICI 182,780 250 mg compared with tamoxifen (P = 0.024). For PgR H-score, there were statistically significant reductions after treatment with ICI 182,780 125 mg (P = 0.003) and 250 mg (P = 0.0002) compared with placebo. In contrast, tamoxifen produced a significant increase in the PgR H-score relative to placebo, and consequently, all doses of ICI 182,780 produced PgR values that were significantly lower than those in the tamoxifen-treated group. All doses of ICI 182,780 significantly reduced Ki67LI values compared with placebo (ICI 182,780 50 mg, P = 0.046; 125 mg, P = 0.001; 250 mg, P = 0.0002), but there were no significant differences between any doses of ICI 182,780 and tamoxifen. ICI 182,780 did not alter the apoptotic index when compared with either placebo or tamoxifen. Short-term exposure to ICI 182,780 reduces the ERalpha in breast tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner by down-regulating ER protein concentration. The reductions in tumor PgR content by ICI 182,780 demonstrate that ICI 182,780, unlike tamoxifen, is devoid of estrogen-agonist activity. Reductions in tumor cell proliferative activity (as indicated by Ki67LI) show that ICI 182,780 is likely to have antitumor activity in the clinical setting.
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Lobb R, Dixon M. Readers' perspectives. Is the role of consultants increasing or decreasing in importance in health care information technology? HEALTH DATA MANAGEMENT 2001; 9:72. [PMID: 11409340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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128
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Macdonald SJ, Dowle MD, Harrison LA, Shah P, Johnson MR, Inglis GG, Clarke GD, Smith RA, Humphreys D, Molloy CR, Amour A, Dixon M, Murkitt G, Godward RE, Padfield T, Skarzynski T, Singh OM, Kumar KA, Fleetwood G, Hodgson ST, Hardy GW, Finch H. The discovery of a potent, intracellular, orally bioavailable, long duration inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase--GW311616A a development candidate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:895-8. [PMID: 11294386 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a potent intracellular inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase which is orally active and has a long duration of action is described. The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of a trans-lactam development candidate, GW311616A, are described.
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Banyard KE, Ellis DJ, Tait AD, Dixon M. Ab initio studies of the potential energy curves for low-lying states of F2+and F2++. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/7/11/028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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130
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Ellis DJ, Banyard KE, Tait AD, Dixon M. Potential energy curves and spectroscopic constants for some diatomic systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/6/9/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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131
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132
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Dixon M, Sangster MJL. The structure of molten NaCl from a simulation model which allows for the polarization of both ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/9/1/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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133
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Dixon M, Sangster MJL. Computer simulation study of the structural properties of molten caesium halides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/10/16/011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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134
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Dixon M, Sangster MJL. Effects of polarization on some static and dynamic properties of molten NaI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/9/6/011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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135
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Dixon M, Sangster MJL. A comparison of the structure and some dynamical properties of molten rubidium halides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/9/18/007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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136
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137
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Macdonald SJ, Dowle MD, Harrison LA, Spooner JE, Shah P, Johnson MR, Inglis GG, Clarke GD, Belton DJ, Smith RA, Molloy CR, Dixon M, Murkitt G, Godward RE, Skarzynski T, Singh OM, Kumar KA, Hodgson ST, McDonald E, Hardy GW, Finch H, Humphreys DC, Fleetwood G. Intracellular inhibition of human neutrophil elastase by orally active pyrrolidine-trans-lactams. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:243-6. [PMID: 11206469 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Described are the acylation binding of trans-lactam 1 to porcine pancreatic elastase, the selection of the SO2Me activating group for the lactam N which also confers metabolic stability in hamster liver microsomes, the introduction of aqueous solubility through the piperidine salt 9, the in vivo oral activity of 9 and its bioavailability, and the introduction of 9 as an intracellular neutrophil elastase inhibitor.
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Dixon M. Charity spice. BMJ 2000; 321:1479. [PMID: 11110748 PMCID: PMC1119191 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.321.7274.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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139
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Gillan MJ, Dixon M. Molecular dynamics simulation of fast-ion conduction in SrCl2. I. Self-diffusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/13/10/010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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140
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Gillan MJ, Dixon M. Quasi-elastic scattering in fast-ion conducting SrCl2: a molecular dynamics study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/13/30/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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141
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Caccamo C, Dixon M. Molten alkali-halide mixtures: a molecular-dynamics study of Li/KCl mixtures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/13/10/009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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142
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Dixon M. Molecular dynamics simulation of fast-ion conduction in SrCl2. II. Distribution of ions and specific heat anomaly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/13/10/011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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143
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Gillan MJ, Dixon M. The calculation of thermal conductivities by perturbed molecular dynamics simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/16/5/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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144
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Walker AB, Dixon M, Gillan MJ. Computer simulation of ionic disorder in high-temperature PbF2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/15/19/007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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145
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Baker PJ, Dixon M, Roopenian DC. Genetic control of susceptibility to Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss in mice. Infect Immun 2000; 68:5864-8. [PMID: 10992496 PMCID: PMC101548 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.10.5864-5868.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease affects a large percentage of the human population. Resorption of the alveolar bone of the jaw is a pivotal sequela of periodontal disease, because this bone is the attachment site for the periodontal ligaments that anchor the teeth. Using a murine model in which alveolar bone loss is induced by oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative bacterium associated with human adult periodontal disease, we provide evidence suggesting that susceptibility to such bone loss is a genetically determined trait. AKR/J, DBA/2J, and BALB/cByJ or BALB/cJ mice were highly susceptible, while A/J, A/HeJ, 129/J, SJL/J, and C57BL/6J mice were much more resistant. When susceptible BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice were crossed to resistant strains, two patterns were observed. (BALBc/ByJ x C57BL/6J)F(1) offspring were susceptible, suggesting C57BL/6J has recessive resistance alleles, while (BALB/cJ x A/J)F(1) mice were all resistant, suggesting that A/J mice have dominant resistance alleles. These results suggest a tractable genetic basis for P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss and open the possibility of exploiting the mouse model to identify loci important for host susceptibility and resistance to periodontal disease.
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Dixon M, Oyebode F, Brannigan C. Formal justifications for compulsory psychiatric detention. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2000; 40:319-326. [PMID: 11281354 DOI: 10.1177/002580240004000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The formal justifications for all detentions under s.2 of the Mental Health Act 1983 within an inner-city mental health trust were examined over a 12-month period. The study explored: the nature of the justifications for detention; the extent to which these were associated with patient characteristics; and the extent to which the two medical practitioners involved in each case agreed on the justifications. The justifications reflected a greater emphasis on the protection of the individual concerned rather than the protection of others. A content analysis of the textual justifications revealed five broad themes: the nature of the risk posed by the patient; the patient's capacity to provide informed consent; their need for hospitalization; their lack of consent to informal admission; and their reliability or likely compliance. There was a significant association between patients' sex, ethnic group, diagnosis and the nature of risk indicated in the documentation, but further research is needed to clarify the nature of this association. The study found that in nearly a quarter of cases, the two professionals did not agree about whether or not the patient presented a danger to others. This lack of agreement was not associated with any patient or professional characteristics, and may reflect the complexity of this area of risk assessment. The authors suggest that the issue of 'risk' needs to be addressed in a more sophisticated manner within the Mental Health Act. Specifically, further guidance is needed as to the nature and levels of risk that constitute grounds for detention. Further guidance is also needed regarding the issues that need to be recorded on the legal documentation for detention.
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147
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Ridgway AE, Akhtar S, Munier FL, Schorderet DF, Stewart H, Perveen R, Bonshek RE, Odenthal MT, Dixon M, Barraquer R, Escoto R, Black GC. Ultrastructural and molecular analysis of Bowman's layer corneal dystrophies: an epithelial origin? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41:3286-92. [PMID: 11006215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Two mutations (R555Q and R124L) in the BIGH3 gene have been described in anterior or Bowman's layer dystrophies (CDB). The clinical, molecular, and ultrastructural findings of five families with CDB was reviewed to determine whether there is a consistent genotype:phenotype correlation. METHODS Keratoplasty tissue from each patient was examined by light and electron microscopy (LM and EM). DNA was obtained, and exons 4 and 12 of BIGH3 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and single-stranded conformation polymorphism/heteroduplex analysis. Abnormally migrating products were analyzed by direct sequencing. RESULTS In two families with type I CDB (CDBI), the R124L mutation was defined. There were light and ultrastructural features of superficial granular dystrophy and atypical banding of the "rod-shaped bodies" ultrastructurally. Patients from three families with "honeycomb" dystrophy were found to carry the R555Q mutation and had characteristic features of Bowman's dystrophy type II (CDBII). CONCLUSIONS There is a strong genotype:phenotype correlation among CBDI (R124L) and CDBII (R555Q). LM and EM findings suggest that epithelial abnormalities may underlie the pathology of both conditions. The findings clarify the confusion over classification of the Bowman's layer dystrophies.
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148
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Macmillan D, Dixon M. Gynaecomastia: when is action required? THE PRACTITIONER 2000; 244:785-7. [PMID: 11048375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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149
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Light D, Dixon M. Intermediate care. A new way through. THE HEALTH SERVICE JOURNAL 2000; 110:24-5. [PMID: 11183714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of intermediate care, which will keep patients out of hospital, depends on co-operation between specialists and primary care organisations. Community hospitals and some nursing homes will have to take on new roles as community treatment centres. Action is needed to unlock budgets currently tied up in hospital services. The potential for consultants and GPs to work together to commission services needs to be unleashed. Clinical criteria should be established for referral to these services.
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150
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Baker PJ, DuFour L, Dixon M, Roopenian DC. Adhesion molecule deficiencies increase Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss in mice. Infect Immun 2000; 68:3103-7. [PMID: 10816450 PMCID: PMC97538 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.6.3103-3107.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar bone resorption can be induced in specific-pathogen-free mice by oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. J. Baker, R. T. Evans, and D. C. Roopenian, Arch. Oral Biol. 39:1035-1040, 1994). Here we used a mouse strain, C57BL/6J, which is relatively resistant to P. gingivalis-induced bone loss to examine whether partial or complete deletion of various adhesion molecules would increase susceptibility. Complete deletion of P-selectin or nearly complete lack of expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) led to increased susceptibility to bone resorption after oral infection, while a hypomorphic defect in beta(2)-integrins did not. Both the total amount of bone lost and the number of sites at which there was significant loss were increased in mice deficient in either ICAM-1 or P-selectin. Each of the three adhesion molecule deficiencies was sufficient to decrease P. gingivalis-specific serum immunoglobulin G responses, but lower antibody titers did not lead to increased bone loss in partially beta(2)-integrin-deficient mice. In conclusion, P-selectin and ICAM-1 deficiencies increase susceptibility to and severity of alveolar bone loss after P. gingivalis infection. This finding underscores the importance of innate immunity in protection against P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone resorption.
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