126
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Fox J, Myers CD, Greaves MF, Pegram S. Knowledge acquisition for expert systems: experience in leukaemia diagnosis. Methods Inf Med 1985; 24:65-72. [PMID: 3889543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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127
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Chan LC, Pegram SM, Greaves MF. Contribution of immunophenotype to the classification and differential diagnosis of acute leukaemia. Lancet 1985; 1:475-9. [PMID: 2857851 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The diagnostic value of a panel of monoclonal antibodies was assessed in 100 consecutive patients with acute leukaemia. 97 patients were clearly phenotyped. Clinical and haematological feedback showed that the immunological data made a critical contribution to the final haematological diagnosis in 19 patients and provided useful confirmatory data in another 78. Immunophenotype also provided the basis for a subset classification of known prognostic relevance to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Immunophenotype and haematological findings conflicted in 2 cases, and 3 cases were unclassifiable with the antibody panel. In these difficult cases leukaemic-cell DNA was investigated for immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. Immunophenotyping with selective probes may be used in conjunction with other laboratory analyses (eg, karyotyping) in the routine investigation of patients with acute leukaemia.
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128
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Bicknell DC, Sutherland DR, Stanbridge EJ, Greaves MF. Monoclonal antibodies specific for a tumor-associated membrane phosphoprotein in human cell hybrids. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1985; 4:143-52. [PMID: 2408990 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1985.4.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four monoclonal antibodies, 5/138, 5/32, BD6 and 6/266, are reported which recognize a previously described membrane associated dimeric protein of Mr = 2 X 75,000 and whose expression is correlated with malignant phenotype in HeLa-normal fibroblast hybrids.
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129
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Katz FE, Parkar M, Stanley K, Murray LJ, Clark EA, Greaves MF. Chromosome mapping of cell membrane antigens expressed on activated B cells. Eur J Immunol 1985; 15:103-6. [PMID: 3871395 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830150121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hybrids formed by fusion of either human acute lymphoblastic or chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and the mouse myeloma P3.X63.Ag8/653 have been used to show that the expression of two cell surface antigens, Bp37 and p76, associated with B cell activation and detected by the monoclonal antibodies BB1 and BB2, respectively, segregate with human chromosomes 12 and 19, respectively. Another antigen expressed on activated B cells (p24) also maps to chromosome 12 (Katz et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1984. 13: 1008) which is of interest in the light of the frequent involvement of this chromosome in certain B cell leukemias and lymphomas.
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130
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Katz FE, Tindle R, Sutherland DR, Greaves MF. Identification of a membrane glycoprotein associated with haemopoietic progenitor cells. Leuk Res 1985; 9:191-8. [PMID: 3857408 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(85)90082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (3C5) is described which selectively binds to progenitor cell populations in human bone marrow and foetal liver. Mature, lymphoid (T,B) colony forming cells do not express the antigen. The antibody identifies a cell surface glycoprotein of mol. wt approximately 100,000 which might have an important regulatory role in early haemopoietic differentiation.
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131
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Greaves MF, Pegram SM, Chan LC. Collaborative group study of the epidemiology of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia subtypes: background and first report. Leuk Res 1985; 9:715-33. [PMID: 3859718 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(85)90281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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132
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Dalgleish AG, Beverley PC, Clapham PR, Crawford DH, Greaves MF, Weiss RA. The CD4 (T4) antigen is an essential component of the receptor for the AIDS retrovirus. Nature 1984; 312:763-7. [PMID: 6096719 DOI: 10.1038/312763a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2557] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by opportunistic infections and by 'opportunistic neoplasms' (for example, Kaposi's sarcoma). Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) is epidemiologically associated with AIDS, especially in male homosexuals. A subset of T lymphocytes positive for the CD4 antigen (also termed T4 antigen), is depleted in AIDS and PGL patients. A retrovirus found in T-cell cultures from these patients is strongly implicated in the aetiology of AIDS because of the high frequency of isolation and the prevalence of specific antibodies in the patients. Here we have detected cell-surface receptors for the AIDS retrovirus (human T-cell leukaemia virus-III (HTLV-III) and lymphadenopathy-associated virus-1 (LAV-1) isolates) by testing the susceptibility of cells to infection with pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus bearing retroviral envelope antigens, and by the formation of multinucleated syncytia on mixing virus-producing cells with receptor-bearing cells. Receptors were present only on cells expressing CD4 antigen; among 155 monoclonal antibodies tested, each of the 14 anti-CD4 antibodies inhibited formation of syncytia and blocked pseudotypes. Productive infection of CD4+ cells with HTLV-III or LAV-1 markedly reduced cell-surface expression of CD4. In contrast, receptors for HTLV-I and HTLV-II were not restricted to CD4+ cells, were not blocked by anti-CD4 antibodies; cells productively infected with HTLV-I and HTLV-II expressed surface CD4. Hence, we conclude that the CD4 antigen is an essential and specific component of the receptor for the causative agent of AIDS.
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133
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134
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Greaves MF, Myers CD, Katz FE, Schneider C, Sutherland DR. Cell-surface structures involved in haemopoietic cell differentiation and proliferation. Br Med Bull 1984; 40:224-8. [PMID: 6205712 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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135
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Sutherland DR, Rudd CE, Greaves MF. Isolation and characterization of a human T lymphocyte-associated glycoprotein (gp40). JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1984; 133:327-33. [PMID: 6609985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic and structural characteristics of the human thymocyte/T cell antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody WT1 have been studied. WT1 identified a monomeric cell surface glycoprotein of Mr = 40,000 ( gp40 ). Cross-absorption experiments and two-dimensional gel analyses indicate that WT1 and another monoclonal antibody, 3A1, react with the same structure. This glycoprotein was asymmetrically inserted into the rough endoplasmic reticulum as a transmembrane structure. At this stage, the polypeptide chain possessed two N-linked, "high-mannose" type glycans; these were subsequently processed into endo-H-insensitive, complex oligosaccharides during intracellular transport to the cell surface. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation with tunicamycin failed to block the processing of the nonglycosylated Mr = 29,000 polypeptide to a glycoprotein of Mr = 33,000. Cleavage of the mature Mr = 40,000 form with endo-F yielded a similar Mr = 33,000 product. The kinetics of synthesis of the Mr = 33,000 intermediate in conjunction with gal-NAc oligosaccharidase digestion indicated the presence of O-linked glycans in the mature cell surface WT1 antigen. The fully processed cell surface form of the polypeptide also contains covalently associated fatty acid, and was labeled by 32P phosphate, the predominantly labeled phosphoamino acid being phosphoserine. We also demonstrate biochemically that the reactivity of WT1 with cells from a few patients with acute myeloid leukemia reflects genuine expression of the gp40 structure on myeloid cells.
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136
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Sutherland DR, Rudd CE, Greaves MF. Isolation and characterization of a human T lymphocyte-associated glycoprotein (gp40). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1984. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.133.1.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The biosynthetic and structural characteristics of the human thymocyte/T cell antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody WT1 have been studied. WT1 identified a monomeric cell surface glycoprotein of Mr = 40,000 ( gp40 ). Cross-absorption experiments and two-dimensional gel analyses indicate that WT1 and another monoclonal antibody, 3A1, react with the same structure. This glycoprotein was asymmetrically inserted into the rough endoplasmic reticulum as a transmembrane structure. At this stage, the polypeptide chain possessed two N-linked, "high-mannose" type glycans; these were subsequently processed into endo-H-insensitive, complex oligosaccharides during intracellular transport to the cell surface. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation with tunicamycin failed to block the processing of the nonglycosylated Mr = 29,000 polypeptide to a glycoprotein of Mr = 33,000. Cleavage of the mature Mr = 40,000 form with endo-F yielded a similar Mr = 33,000 product. The kinetics of synthesis of the Mr = 33,000 intermediate in conjunction with gal-NAc oligosaccharidase digestion indicated the presence of O-linked glycans in the mature cell surface WT1 antigen. The fully processed cell surface form of the polypeptide also contains covalently associated fatty acid, and was labeled by 32P phosphate, the predominantly labeled phosphoamino acid being phosphoserine. We also demonstrate biochemically that the reactivity of WT1 with cells from a few patients with acute myeloid leukemia reflects genuine expression of the gp40 structure on myeloid cells.
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137
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Greaves MF, Verbi W, Tilley R, Lister TA, Habeshaw J, Guo HG, Trainor CD, Robert-Guroff M, Blattner W, Reitz M. Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) in the United Kingdom. Int J Cancer 1984; 33:795-806. [PMID: 6329969 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910330614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ten out of 26 leukaemic patients who had emigrated from the Caribbean region to the United Kingdom had adult T-cell leukaemia with associated serum antibodies to HTLV I. Antibodies to HTLV were also detected in sera from a small proportion of non-leukaemic Caribbean immigrants but not in any sera from other (non-ATL) T-cell leukaemias or a variety of control groups. The long period between immigration to the UK and diagnosis of leukaemia (up to 30 years) suggests that an extensive latent period in disease development may exist. Cell lines were isolated from two patients with HTLV antibody-positive ATL and were shown to be virus-positive by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence using antibodies to the p19 and p24 viral proteins. HTLV1 provirus integration and active transcription were demonstrated by Southern blotting of DNA and in situ hybridization respectively using molecularly cloned HTLV1 probes. Virus from one of these cell lines could be transmitted to normal T cells by co-cultivation.
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138
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Greaves MF. Regulation of cell-surface structures in malignancy, differentiation and proliferation. Biochem Soc Trans 1984; 12:532-3. [PMID: 6734912 DOI: 10.1042/bst0120532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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139
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Williams CK, Alabi GO, Junaid TA, Saxinger C, Gallo RC, Blayney DW, Blattner WA, Greaves MF. Human T cell leukaemia virus associated lymphoproliferative disease: report of two cases in Nigeria. BMJ : BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1984; 288:1495-6. [PMID: 6326929 PMCID: PMC1441172 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.288.6429.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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140
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Myers CD, Thorpe PE, Ross WC, Cumber AJ, Katz FE, Tax W, Greaves MF. An immunotoxin with therapeutic potential in T cell leukemia: WT1-ricin A. Blood 1984; 63:1178-85. [PMID: 6370334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A conjugate of the monoclonal antibody WT1 and ricin A-chain was studied for its suitability for purging marrow of leukemic T cells for autologous transplantation in T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL). The conjugate was powerfully cytotoxic to the human T-ALL cell line, GH1, which expresses the WT1 antigen at a high density. Treatment of the cells with the conjugate at 10(-11) M reduced their rate of protein synthesis by 50%, and the inclusion of 6 mM ammonium chloride in the cultures enhanced the potency of cytotoxic effect by 10-100-fold. Clonogenic assays indicated that less than 0.1% of GH1 cells survived 3-hr exposure to the conjugate in ammonium chloride. WT1 alone did not react with multipotent (CFU-GEMM) hematopoietic progenitors in normal human bone marrow, as measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Under conditions giving maximal killing of GH1 cells, there was no toxicity to multipotential progenitors in normal human marrow.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/physiology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antitoxins/pharmacology
- Antitoxins/therapeutic use
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Bone Marrow/drug effects
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Line
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Ricin/metabolism
- Ricin/pharmacology
- Ricin/therapeutic use
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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141
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Miedema F, Terpstra FG, Smit JW, Daenen S, Gerrits W, Hegde U, Matutes E, Catovsky D, Greaves MF, Melief CJ. Functional properties of neoplastic T cells in adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia patients from the Caribbean. Blood 1984; 63:477-81. [PMID: 6318867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The neoplastic T cells from five patients with adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATLL), born in the Caribbean, were studied with respect to immunoregulatory activity on pokeweed mitogen (PWM) driven immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis as well as surface-marker phenotypes with monoclonal antibodies. The neoplastic T cells in all patients had an OKT1+4+8-11+M1-I1-3A1- phenotype, but differed in the reactivity with OKT3. None of the patients' cells exerted helper activity on PWM-induced Ig synthesis. The neoplastic cells of three patients had suppressor activity on PWM-induced Ig synthesis. All patients were positive for human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) or had antibodies against HTLV antigens. It has previously been shown that the neoplastic cells in Japanese ATLL patients and in patients from the Caribbean are indistinguishable by morphology and marker phenotype. We now show them to be also similar with respect to their functional properties.
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142
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Vodinelich L, Tax W, Bai Y, Pegram S, Capel P, Greaves MF. A monoclonal antibody (WT1) for detecting leukemias of T-cell precursors (T-ALL). Blood 1983; 62:1108-13. [PMID: 6354305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The selectivity of a monoclonal anti-T antibody, designated WT1, has been assessed in a series of 906 leukemias and lymphomas. In acute lymphoblastic leukemias, WT1 reacts comprehensively and selectively with thymic acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells in untreated or relapsed patients, thus overriding the extensive antigenic diversity of this cancer and the immaturity of the cell type involved. All 80 cases of thymic ALL examined were WT1-positive. In addition, 18 cases of presumptive prethymic ALL were also WT1-positive, but were unreactive with other maturation-linked T-cell markers. The phenotype WT1+ HLA-DR TdT+ appears to be unique to T-ALL and can therefore be used systematically for the differential diagnosis of this poor prognosis subtype of ALL. Virtually all ALL cases can now be placed into one of two major subgroups representing transformed precursors of either the T- or B-cell lineage. WT1 identifies a single polypeptide of approximately 40,000 mol wt and is similar to two previously described monoclonal antibodies.
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143
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Williams RC, Duncan MH, Tung KS, Stinson ER, Walker LC, Greaves MF. Characterization of immune complexes in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Clin Exp Immunol 1983; 54:418-28. [PMID: 6606508 PMCID: PMC1535870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sera from 120 children and young adults with acute leukaemia (59), various other tumours (53) and histiocytosis X (eight) were studied for the presence and characteristics of circulating immune complexes (CIC). Serial and parallel testing was performed using: C1q binding (solid phase), Raji cell radioimmunoassay and anti-C3 (solid phase). CIC were detected in 36 of 56 (64%) patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and in 62% of other tumour subjects. In the ALL sera, the mean positive C1q binding was 5.4 s.d., Raji cell 4.2 s.d. and anti-C3 4.4 s.d. In 12 ALL sera CIC were characterized for molecular size by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Most samples showed high molecular weight (19S) complexes but intermediate (11-14S) and smaller (8-9S) complexes were also detected. There was no apparent relationship between the presence, amount or physical size of the detectable CICs and clinical course of the patients studied; 12 patients with ALL in long term remission showed presence of CIC at some time during their course. Immune complexes precipitated from leukaemic sera were also examined for the presence of common ALL antigen (cALL) and Ia(DR) antigens utilizing rabbit antisera and mouse monoclonal antibodies. Experiments with isolated immune complexes from ALL sera provided no positive evidence for the presence of cALL antigen or Ia antigen within immune complex materials from ALL patients.
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144
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Lebacq-Verheyden AM, Ravoet AM, Bazin H, Sutherland DR, Tidman N, Greaves MF. Rat AL2, AL3, AL4 and AL5 monoclonal antibodies bind to the common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CALLA gp 100). Int J Cancer 1983; 32:273-9. [PMID: 6576989 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910320303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Four distinct rat monoclonal antibodies against the common ALL antigen (CALLA, gp 100) were obtained in a single fusion. Rat AL2, AL3, AL4, AL5 and the previously reported mouse J5 monoclonal antibodies identified the same subsets of leukaemic cells. AL2 and AL3 reacted weakly with terminal transferase-positive cells in normal bone marrow and foetal liver, as well as with a minority of mature granulocytes in blood. Immunoprecipitation experiments and competitive binding assays demonstrated that the four rat antibodies and J5 bound to the same glycoprotein of approximately 100,000 mol. wt. This set of rat monoclonal antibodies directed against CALLA has not only a diagnostic usefulness but may also be of therapeutic value.
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145
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Gallo RC, Kalyanaraman VS, Sarngadharan MG, Sliski A, Vonderheid EC, Maeda M, Nakao Y, Yamada K, Ito Y, Gutensohn N, Murphy S, Bunn PA, Catovsky D, Greaves MF, Blayney DW, Blattner W, Jarrett WF, zur Hausen H, Seligmann M, Brouet JC, Haynes BF, Jegasothy BV, Jaffe E, Cossman J, Broder S, Fisher RI, Golde DW, Robert-Guroff M. Association of the human type C retrovirus with a subset of adult T-cell cancers. Cancer Res 1983; 43:3892-9. [PMID: 6602653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether the human T-cell lymphoma-leukemia virus (HTLV) is associated with particular cancers, patient sera were surveyed for HTLV-specific antibodies. An association was seen with aggressive cancers of mature T-cells, specifically Japanese adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and T-cell lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (TLCL), a similar cancer of Caribbean blacks. Ninety to 100% of these patients possessed HTLV-specific antibody. Forty-seven and 20% of relatives of ATL and TLCL patients, respectively, and 12 and 4% of healthy donors from ATL and TLCL endemic areas were also antibody positive. Visceral organ involvement, hypercalcemia, and skin manifestation, features of ATL and TLCL, were often seen in other antibody-positive patients. Childhood cancers, most cutaneous T-cell and all non-T-cell leukemias and lymphomas, myeloid leukemias, Hodgkin's disease, and solid tumors were not associated with HTLV. Healthy United States donors and European patients with non-malignant diseases were antibody negative. HTLV is thus associated with a subtype of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma, clustered in viral endemic areas, with apparent racial and geographic predilection.
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146
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Schneider C, Asser U, Sutherland DR, Greaves MF. In vitro biosynthesis of the human cell surface receptor for transferrin. FEBS Lett 1983; 158:259-64. [PMID: 6307747 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The human cell surface receptor for transferrin is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein composed of two disulphide linked and apparently identical subunits of Mr 90 000. Using an affinity purified, polyclonal rabbit antibody, we have studied the in vitro biosynthesis of this receptor. The primary translation product, synthesised in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate programmed with human placental RNA, appears to have the same Mr (78 000) as the unglycosylated molecule immunoprecipitated from tunicamycin-treated cells. In the presence of a dog pancreatic microsomal system the cell free system accurately reproduces the glycosylation and the asymmetric transmembrane integration.
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147
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Bell PA, Greaves MF, Sloman JC, Thompson EN, Whittaker JA. Significance of glucocorticoid receptors and responses in leukaemia. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1983; 19:851-5. [PMID: 6577246 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(83)90023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor levels and cellular responses to glucocorticoid treatment in vitro were evaluated for the malignant cells from patients with leukaemia. Cells from all cases of lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia contained glucocorticoid receptors; receptor levels and the extent of in vitro responses appeared to depend primarily on cell type and differentiation status. For acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), high receptor levels were associated with the common ALL phenotype, intermediate levels with null (unclassified) ALL and low levels with T-ALL. Considerable variation in receptor levels and in responses in vitro was observed for acute myeloid leukaemia; receptor levels measured by whole-cell assay did not relate to patient survival.
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148
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Ford AM, Molgaard HV, Greaves MF, Gould HJ. Immunoglobulin gene organisation and expression in haemopoietic stem cell leukaemia. EMBO J 1983; 2:997-1001. [PMID: 6416836 PMCID: PMC555220 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analysed the organisation and expression of mu genes in the granulocytic phase and in the lymphoid and myeloid blast crises of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL), a leukaemia which is known to arise in multipotential stem cells. We find that mu chain gene rearrangement occurs exclusively in lymphoid blast crisis leading in some, but not all, cases to the synthesis of small amounts of cytoplasmic mu chains characteristic of early pre-B lymphocytes. In Southern blots, only one or two rearranged mu chain genes are seen, suggesting that a clonal event leading to blast crisis can occur in a committed B cell precursor rather than in the multipotential stem cell precursor, in which the Ph1 chromosome originated. The pattern of mu gene rearrangement observed in Ph1 CGL blast crisis is compared with that in normal B cells, other B lineage malignancies, myeloid leukaemias and T cell leukaemias.
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149
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Greaves MF, Sieff C, Edwards PA. Monoclonal antiglycophorin as a probe for erythroleukemias. Blood 1983; 61:645-51. [PMID: 6572533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (LICR.LON.R10) specific for the major sialoglycoprotein of the erythroid cell membrane, glycophorin A (alpha), has been used to test the possibility that "cryptic" erythroleukemia may be diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). In addition to 27 overt erythroleukemias, 724 leukemias, including 329 ALL (103 in relapse), 205 AML, and 109 blast crises of Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia, were analyzed. Twenty cases with a significant proportion of glycophorin-A-positive (gA+) cells were found; 8 of these (5 AML and 3 blast crises of chronic myeloid leukemia, CML) had an obvious erythroid component, but 12 others were diagnosed as AML (2), AMML (1), CML in myeloid blast crisis (4) or megakaryoblastic blast crisis (1), acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (2), or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2). The latter two patients had no immunologic evidence supporting a diagnosis of ALL and were resistant to chemotherapy. We conclude that AML and ALL only very rarely express gA, and these are probably genuine "cryptic" erythroleukemias. Other gA+ leukemias (megakaryoblastic and CML blast crises) may arise from bi- or pluripotent stem cells and contain distinct and separable blast cell populations.
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150
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Greaves MF, Hariri G, Newman RA, Sutherland DR, Ritter MA, Ritz J. Selective expression of the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (gp 100) antigen on immature lymphoid cells and their malignant counterparts. Blood 1983; 61:628-39. [PMID: 6338969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The selectivity of monoclonal antibody J-5 (anti-gp 100, common ALL antigen) for normal and leukemic hemopoietic cells has been investigated. J-5 gave concordant reactions with rabbit anti-cALL, coredistributed on the cell surface, and precipitated a similar if not identical glycoprotein from leukemic and normal tissue. Normal, immature lymphoid cells reactive with J-5 were detected in bone marrow and in fetal thymus. In marrow they were largely coincident with the TdT+ population. J-5 defines a major subgroup of ALL (common ALL) with a favorable prognosis. Of 853 non-ALL acute leukemias investigated, 80 were J-5 positive. These included 14 cases diagnosed as AML, 51 TdT+ blast crises of CGL, and 15 cases diagnosed as "AUL." Of the 14 J-5+ AML, 13 were subsequently rediagnosed either as cALL (10 cases) or mixed lymphoid-myeloid leukemias (3 cases). One-hundred forty-three cases of mature lymphoid cell leukemia (91 B, 52 T) were investigated with J-5; 3 cases only, of disseminated B lymphoma, were positive, albeit weakly. A higher proportion of follicular lymphomas are, however, J-5 positive when studied in sections of biopsy material. A similar pattern of selective reactivity was observed in a series of leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. These studies emphasize the diagnostic value of monoclonal anti-cALL reagents.
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