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Yang J, Zheng J, Hu R, Chen F, Fan P, Zhong M. Effect of surface modification of graphite oxide on the morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of polyurea/graphite oxide composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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127
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Huang Q, Zhang M, Zhong M, Yu Y, Liang W, Hang L, Gao Y, Huang L, Wang Z. Advanced glycation end products as an upstream molecule triggers ROS-induced sFlt-1 production in extravillous trophoblasts: A novel bridge between oxidative stress and preeclampsia. Placenta 2013; 34:1177-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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128
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Wang M, Zhong M, Yan A, Li L, Yu C. Quantitative structure and bioactivity relationship study on HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 25:1-15. [PMID: 24283437 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2013.820790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Several QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) models for predicting the inhibitory activity of 333 hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase inhibitors were developed. All the inhibitors are HCV polymerase non-nucleoside analogue inhibitors (NNIs) fitting into the pocket of the NNI III binding site. For each molecule, global descriptors and 2D property autocorrelation descriptors were calculated from the program ADRIANA.Code. Pearson correlation analysis was used to select the significant descriptors for building models. The whole dataset was split into a training set and a test set randomly or using a Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM). Then, the inhibitory activity of 333 HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors was predicted using multilinear regression (MLR) analysis and support vector machine (SVM) method, respectively. For the test set of the best model (Model 2B), correlation coefficient of 0.91 was achieved. Some molecular descriptors, such as molecular complexity (Complexity), the number of hydrogen bonding donors (HDon) and the solubility of the molecule in water (log S) were found to be very important factors which determined the bioactivity of the HCV NS5B inhibitors. Some other molecular properties such as electrostatic and charge properties also played important roles in the interaction between the ligand and the protein. The selected molecular descriptors were further confirmed by analysing the interaction between two representative inhibitors and the polymerase in their crystal structures.
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Yang J, Huang L, Zhang Y, Chen F, Fan P, Zhong M, Yeh S. A New Promising Nucleating Agent for Polymer Foaming: Applications of Ordered Mesoporous Silica Particles in Polymethyl Methacrylate Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Microcellular Foaming. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4018447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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130
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Xu HG, Cheng JF, Peng HX, Lv K, Wang H, Liu P, Zhong M, Zhang MY. JNK phosphorylation promotes natural degeneration of cervical endplate chondrocytes by down-regulating expression of ANK. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2013; 17:2335-2344. [PMID: 24065227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endplate degeneration leads to accelerated degeneration of the intervertebral disc. The importance of endplate chondrocytes in this process is unclear. Many cellular processes in chondrocytes are controlled by activated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and protein kinase B (AKT). However, the involvement of their pathways in the degeneration process needs to be elucidated. AIM To study activation of JNK and AKT signaling pathways and their significance for degeneration of endplate chondrocytes, as well as involvement of progressive ankylosis protein (ANK) in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat primary chondrocytes were grown to confluence and subcultured until passage 4. Morphological appearances (microscope, hematoxylin & eosin staining, toluidine blue staining) and proliferation rates of cells (MTT test) were observed. Further, levels of type II collagen, aggrecan, phosphorylated JNK and AKT, total JNK, AKT and ANK were evaluated by qPCR, flow cytometry and Western blot assays. Furthermore, inhibition experiments with SP600125, the JNK inhibitor, were carried out in the passage 4 cells to assess the effects of the JNK pathway on natural degeneration of endplate chondrocytes. RESULTS The proliferative speed of endplate chondrocytes progressively decreased during passaging. Expressions of type II collagen and aggrecan were significantly decreased with cells at higher passages. Furthermore, phosphorylation of JNK, but not AKT, was significantly up-regulated and accompanied by reduced ANK expression. Inhibition of the JNK pathway increased expression of type II collagen, aggrecan and ANK and facilitated proliferation rates. CONCLUSIONS Phosphorylation of JNK promotes natural degeneration of cervical endplate chondrocytes, likely by down-regulating ANK expression.
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Huang QT, Wang SS, Zhang M, Huang LP, Tian JW, Yu YH, Wang ZJ, Zhong M. Advanced oxidation protein products enhances soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 expression in trophoblasts: a possible link between oxidative stress and preeclampsia. Placenta 2013; 34:949-52. [PMID: 23899470 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.06.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) is prevalent in obesity, advanced maternal age, diabetes mellitus, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Alterations in the regulation and signaling of angiogenic pathways have been recognized as a link between these conditions and pre-eclampsia. To investigate the possible impact of AOPPs on soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) expression in trophoblasts. A trophoblast cell line (HRT-8/SVneo) was treated with various concentrations of AOPPs. The mRNA expression of sFlt-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and placental growth factor (PlGF) in trophoblasts were measured with the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction; and the secretion of sFlt-1, VEGF, and PlGF protein from trophoblasts were detected with the use of ELISA. Exposure of HRT-8/SVneo cells to AOPPs induced overexpression of sFlt-1 at mRNA and protein levels in a dose dependent manner. These effects could be inhibited by apocynin, an inhibitors of NADPH oxidase. Our data identified AOPPs as a class of important mediator in the regulation and signaling of angiogenic pathways of trophoblasts. Accumulation of AOPPs might contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia by promoting sFlt-1 production in trophoblasts.
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Sun YH, Wang Z, Quinn P, Xiao N, Shi H, Zhong M, Jing H, Ge L, Pascalis O, Tanaka J, Lee K. Face contour is crucial to the fat face illusion. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Li B, Lu L, Zhong M, Tan XX, Liu CY, Guo Y, Yi X. Terbinafine inhibits KSR1 and suppresses Raf-MEK-ERK signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Neoplasma 2013; 60:406-12. [PMID: 23581412 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2013_052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Terbinafine inhibits the proliferation of many types of cancer cells, but the underlying mechanism remains to be determined. By computer simulation, we found that kinase suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1) is a possible target of terbinafine. Treatment of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) KB cells with either terbinafine or siRNA to knockdown KSR1 reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by suppression of the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway. In vivo, KSR1 expression was significantly associated with the clinical staging of OSCC and the smoking habit of patients. Kaplan Meyer survival analysis demonstrated that the cumulative survival time of patients without KSR1 expression was significantly longer than those with KSR1 overexpression. Our data provide the basis for developing terbinafine to treat OSCC.
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Yang J, Huang L, Zhang Y, Chen F, Zhong M. Mesoporous silica particles grafted with polystyrene brushes as a nucleation agent for polystyrene supercritical carbon dioxide foaming. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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135
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Zhong M, Shen Y, Tan L, Feng M, Wang H, Wang Q, Jiang W. F-056LEARNING CURVES FOR THORACOSCOPIC OESOPHAGECTOMY: FROM DECUBITUS TO PRONE POSITION. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt288.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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136
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Han Y, Yin Y, Shi M, Zhong M, Chen S, Xiang Z, Jiang N, Chen X. P3.260 Difference in Distribution of Chlamydia Trachomatis Genotypes Among Different Provinces: A Pilot Study from Four Provinces in China. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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137
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Filippone M, Zhong M, Girolami M. A comparative evaluation of stochastic-based inference methods for Gaussian process models. Mach Learn 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10994-013-5388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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138
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Liu C, Duan W, Li R, Xu S, Zhang L, Chen C, He M, Lu Y, Wu H, Pi H, Luo X, Zhang Y, Zhong M, Yu Z, Zhou Z. Exposure to bisphenol A disrupts meiotic progression during spermatogenesis in adult rats through estrogen-like activity. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e676. [PMID: 23788033 PMCID: PMC3702305 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of bisphenol A (BPA) on the reproductive system is highly debated but has been associated with meiotic abnormalities. However, evidence is lacking with regard to the mechanisms involved. In order to explore the underlying mechanisms of BPA-induced meiotic abnormalities in adult male rats, we exposed 9-week-old male Wistar rats to BPA by gavage at 0, 2, 20 or 200 μg/kg body weight (bw)/day for 60 consecutive days. 17β-Estradiol (E2) was administered at 10 μg/kg bw/day as the estrogenic positive control. Treatments with 200 μg/kg bw/day of BPA and E2 significantly decreased sperm counts and inhibited spermiation, characterized by an increase in stage VII and decrease in stage VIII in the seminiferous epithelium. This was concomitant with a disruption in the progression of meiosis I and the persistence of meiotic DNA strand breaks in pachytene spermatocytes,and the ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and checkpoint kinase 2 signal pathway was also activated; Eventually, germ cell apoptosis was triggered as evaluated by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling assay and western blot for caspase 3. Using the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182780, we determined that ER signaling mediated BPA-induced meiotic disruption and reproductive impairment. Our results suggest that ER signaling-mediated meiotic disruption may be a major contributor to the molecular events leading to BPA-related male reproductive disorders. These rodent data support the growing association between BPA exposure and the rapid increase in the incidence of male reproductive disorders.
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139
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Yang J, Huang L, Li L, Zhang Y, Chen F, Zhong M. Preparation of polystyrene/graphene oxide composites and their supercritical carbon dioxide foaming. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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140
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Gao L, Pan J, Wu S, Xie C, Zhong M, Chen X, Jin Y, Wu G, Cai J, Xu G. PO-077: Cetuximab Plus Radiotherapy for Chinese Patients with Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)34696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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141
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Meng F, Sun G, Zhong M, Yu Y, Brewer MA. Anticancer efficacy of cisplatin and trichostatin A or 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine on ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:579-86. [PMID: 23370212 PMCID: PMC3593556 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the anticancer efficacy of the combination of epigenetic modifiers and cisplatin in human ovarian cancer. METHODS The effect of trichostatin A (TSA) and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine alone or in combination with low-dose cisplatin was evaluated on human ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. We measured drug interaction by MTS assay, migration by transwell assay, expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (Twist, Snail, Slug, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin), pluripotency markers (Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog), and epigenetic markers (DNMT3A, LSD1 and H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K9me2, and H3K9me3) by western blot, and the impact on and characteristics of spheroid growth when exposed to these drugs. Mouse xenografts were used to evaluate the anticancer effect of sequential drug treatment. RESULTS Combination treatment had greater efficacy than single drugs and significantly suppressed cell viability, migration, and spheroid formation and growth. Sequential treatment of cisplatin (1 mg kg(-1)) followed by TSA (0.3 mg kg(-1)) significantly suppressed tumorigenicity of HEY xenografts through inhibition of EMT and decreased pluripotency of ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSION Epigenetic modifiers potentiate the anticancer efficacy of low-dose cisplatin in ovarian cancer through regulation of EMT and pluripotency, and may provide a promising treatment for ovarian cancer patients.
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Chen F, Dai D, Yang J, Fei Z, Zhong M. Controlled Synthesis of Polyelectrolytes by 4-Cyanopentanoic Acid Dithiobenzoate Mediated RAFT Polymerization. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2013.814329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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143
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Fan P, Wang L, Yang J, Chen F, Zhong M. Graphene/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites with high dielectric constant and low percolation threshold. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:365702. [PMID: 22910284 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/36/365702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In aiming to obtain highly flexible polymer composites with high dielectric performance, graphene/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites with a multi-layered structure were proposed and prepared. Graphene sheets were prepared by reducing graphene oxide using phenylhydrazine, which could effectively alleviate aggregation of the graphene sheets. A two-step method, including solution casting and compression molding, was employed to fabricate the graphene/PVDF composites. The composites showed an alternative multi-layered structure of graphene sheets and PVDF. Due to their unique structure, the composites had an extremely low percolation threshold (0.0018 volume fraction of graphene), which was the lowest percolation threshold ever reported among PVDF-based polymer composites. A high dielectric constant of more than 340 at 100 Hz could be obtained within the vicinity of the percolation threshold when the graphene volume fraction was 0.00177. Above the percolation threshold, the dielectric constant continued to increase and a maximum value of as high as 7940 at 100 Hz was observed when the graphene volume fraction was 0.0177.
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Feng J, Zhong M, Lin W. Fabrication of polyethylene surface with stable superhydrophobicity by nanoparticle assisted thermal micromolding process. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 12:2679-2684. [PMID: 22755108 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.5754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surface with lotus leaf effect has many practical and potential applications in different fields. In this paper, a novel process based on nanoparticle assisted thermal micromolding was developed to create polyethylene superhydrophobic surface. Briefly, a thin layer of TiO2 nanoparticles was first coated on the featured surface of the poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp replicated from a fresh lotus leaf. Then low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was thermally pressed onto such TiO2 coated stamp. A control process was also performed by thermally pressing TiO2/LDPE nanocomposite material onto a blank PDMS stamp. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and contact angle measurements showed that the surfaces of LDPE films replicated from stamp coated with TiO2 had more delicate nano-structures and higher water contact angles (> or = 155 degrees) than those replicated from the blank stamp. Moreover, the superhydrophobic surface formed by TiO2 assisted micromolding was relatively stable under water stream with high pressure. This study shows that nanoparticle assisted micromolding is an alternative technique to other techniques for large scale production of superhydrophobic polymeric films.
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145
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Yang J, Sang Y, Chen F, Fei Z, Zhong M. Synthesis of silica particles grafted with poly(ionic liquid) and their nucleation effect on microcellular foaming of polystyrene using supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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146
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Fan R, Zhong M, Wang S, Zhang Y, Andrew A, Karagas M, Chen H, Amos CI, Xiong M, Moore JH. Entropy-based information gain approaches to detect and to characterize gene-gene and gene-environment interactions/correlations of complex diseases. Genet Epidemiol 2011; 35:706-21. [PMID: 22009792 PMCID: PMC3384547 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
For complex diseases, the relationship between genotypes, environment factors, and phenotype is usually complex and nonlinear. Our understanding of the genetic architecture of diseases has considerably increased over the last years. However, both conceptually and methodologically, detecting gene-gene and gene-environment interactions remains a challenge, despite the existence of a number of efficient methods. One method that offers great promises but has not yet been widely applied to genomic data is the entropy-based approach of information theory. In this article, we first develop entropy-based test statistics to identify two-way and higher order gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. We then apply these methods to a bladder cancer data set and thereby test their power and identify strengths and weaknesses. For two-way interactions, we propose an information gain (IG) approach based on mutual information. For three-ways and higher order interactions, an interaction IG approach is used. In both cases, we develop one-dimensional test statistics to analyze sparse data. Compared to the naive chi-square test, the test statistics we develop have similar or higher power and is robust. Applying it to the bladder cancer data set allowed to investigate the complex interactions between DNA repair gene single nucleotide polymorphisms, smoking status, and bladder cancer susceptibility. Although not yet widely applied, entropy-based approaches appear as a useful tool for detecting gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. The test statistics we develop add to a growing body methodologies that will gradually shed light on the complex architecture of common diseases.
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147
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Meng F, Sun G, Zhong M, Yu Y, Brewer M. Epigenetic regulation and tumorigenicity of ovarian cancer cells. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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148
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Yang J, Wu M, Chen F, Fei Z, Zhong M. Preparation, characterization, and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming of polystyrene/graphene oxide composites. J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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149
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Heestand GM, Pipas JM, Valone F, McMullen AD, Gadea P, Williams D, Zhong M, Neff T, Fisher GA, Koong A. A phase I trial of the monoclonal antibody FG-3019 to connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
269 Background: CTGF is highly expressed in pancreatic tumors and is thought to mediate local desmoplasia. FG-3019 is a fully human monoclonal antibody against CTGF. Studies using FG-3019 in murine xenograft models have shown reduced tumor growth and metastasis. Methods: This open-label, dose escalation study assessed the safety and pharmacokinetics of FG-3019 (3, 10, 15, and 25 mg/kg q14D). FG-3019 was initiated on D1 to assess single-agent toxicity. Standard gemcitabine and erlotinib were added on D15. Chemotherapy-naive patients with locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma were eligible. Seventeen subjects (median age 66 yrs) were enrolled: n=4, 3, and 10 at 3, 10, and 15 mg/kg respectively. Enrollment is ongoing in the 25 mg/kg cohort. Seven subjects were female; four were stage 3, and 13 were stage 4. Results: No safety signals were detected with single-agent FG-3019. After beginning chemotherapy, four subjects experienced seven SAEs, which were deemed unrelated to FG-3019 including three deaths: sepsis, suicide, and disease progression. Nine subjects experienced grade 3 AEs, all of which were expected in patients with pancreatic cancer. There were no grade 4 hematologic abnormalities. AEs related to gemcitabine (hematologic, abnormal LFTs) and erlotinib (rash) occurred at a rate and severity consistent with the prescribing information (preliminary data). Steady-state Cmax (median 428, range 236-455 μg/mL), and T1/2 (median 6.6, range 6.3-6.7 days) at the 10 mg/kg dose level were comparable to PK data from subjects in non-oncological trials who received FG-3019 at the same dose level. One subject had a partial response by RECIST criteria for 9.7+ months. Another subject had a minor response for 7.7 months. Three of five subjects with PET scans at baseline and D15 experienced stable to reduced PET activity before starting chemotherapy. The median TTP across all cohorts was 3.7 months (95% CI 1.9-6.2), and the median OS was 9.4 months (95% CI 1.9-10.6). Conclusions: FG-3019 is well tolerated and dose escalation continues. Reduced PET activity after treatment with single-agent FG-3019 may indicate a biological effect of the agent. [Table: see text]
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Zhong M, Carney DH, Jo H, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Inorganic phosphate induces mammalian growth plate chondrocyte apoptosis in a mitochondrial pathway involving nitric oxide and JNK MAP kinase. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 88:96-108. [PMID: 21104071 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocytes in the hypertrophic zone of the growth plate undergo apoptosis during endochondral bone development via mechanisms that involve inorganic phosphate (Pi) and nitric oxide (NO). Recent evidence suggests that Pi-dependent NO production plays a role in apoptosis of cells in the resting zone as well. This study examined the mechanism by which Pi induces NO production and the signaling pathways by which NO mediates its effects on apoptosis in these cells. Pi decreased the number of viable cells based on MTT activity; the number of TUNEL-positive cells and the level of DNA fragmentation were increased, indicating an increase in apoptosis. Blocking NO production using the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L: -NAME or cells from eNOS(-/-) mice blocked Pi-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, indicating that NO production is necessary. NO donors NOC-18 and SNOG both induced chondrocyte apoptosis. SNOG also upregulated p53 expression, the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio, and cytochrome c release from mitochondria, as well as caspase-3 activity, indicating that NO induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway. Inhibition of JNK, but not of p38 or ERK1/2, MAP kinase was able to block NO-induced apoptosis, indicating that JNK is necessary in this pathway. Pi elevates NO production via eNOS in resting zone chondrocytes, which leads to a mitochondrial apoptosis pathway dependent on JNK.
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