Grey matter changes in patients with vestibular migraine

AIM

To identify structural changes in the brain regions of patients with vestibular migraine (VM) so as to better understand its pathophysiology.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The differences in grey matter (GM) in patients with VM, patients with migraine without aura (MWoA), and healthy controls (HC) were investigated. Using a GE Signa 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, 3D structural images were acquired from 18 VM, 21 MWoA, and 21 age-, gender-, and education level-matched HC using a T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echo (MPRAGE) sequence. The volumetric abnormalities of GM were estimated by voxel-based morphometry. Analysis of variance and Bonferroni multiple comparisons were applied.

RESULTS

Compared with HC, patients with VM had significantly increased GM volume of the right medial superior frontal gyrus (p=0.008) and the right angular gyrus (p=0.009). Compared to patients with MWoA, patients with VM also had significantly increased volume of the right medial superior frontal gyrus (p=0.001), the right angular gyrus (p=0.008), and the left middle frontal gyrus (p=0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The GM volume of some brain regions of patients with VM is significantly larger than the other two groups. The increased GM volume in these brain regions in patients with VM may be related to self-adaptation of the nervous system, leading to an abnormal brain sensitization. Some of the brain regions with increased GM volume identified in this study were involved in assessment, integration, and expectations of pain and were strongly related to mood and anxiety.

CX3CR1 participates in pulmonary angiogenesis in experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome mice through inhibiting AKT/ERK signaling pathway and regulating NO/NOS release

OBJECTIVE

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a kind of pulmonary microvascular disease and occurs in 15%-30% cirrhosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pulmonary CX3CR1 on angiogenesis and associated mechanisms in HPS animal models.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

CX3CR1GFP/GFP mice were constructed by replacing CX3CR1 with GFP. Common bile duct ligation (CBDL) mouse model was established with surgery. Release of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was employed to examine the inflammation of lung tissues. CD31 expression was detected with immunohistochemistry assay. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT), phosphorylated-ERK (p-ERK). Quantitative Real Time-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was used to examine VEGF, PDGF, iNOS, eNOS, and HO-1 expression.

RESULTS

CX3CR1-deficiency (CX3CR1GFP/GFP-sham or CX3CR1GFP/GFP-CBDL mice) significantly reduced NO release compared to wide type (WT)-mice or WT-CBDL mice (p<0.05). CX3CR1-deficiency significantly alleviated inflammation compared to wide type (WT)-mice or WT-CBDL mice (p<0.05). CX3CR1-deficiency significantly reduced CD31 expression compared to WT-sham and WT-CBDL mice, respectively (p<0.05). CX3CR1 also participated in anti-angiogenesis efficacy of Bevacizumab. CX3CR1-deficiency significantly down-regulated the ratio of p-AKT/AKT and p-ERK/ERK and inhibited the secretion of VEGF and PDGF compared to WT-mice (p<0.05). CX3CR1-deficiency significantly reduced iNOS, eNOS, and HO-1 expression compared to WT-mice (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

CX3CR1 deficiency reduced VEGF and PDGF production, inhibited p-AKT, and p-ERK activation and down-regulated iNOS, eNOS, and HO-1 expression. Therefore, CX3CR1 participates in pulmonary angiogenesis in the experimental HPS mice via inhibiting AKT/ERK signaling pathway and regulating NO/NOS release. These findings would provide a potential insight for clarifying the pathological mechanisms of HPS.

Association between rs12742784 polymorphism and hip fracture, bone mineral density, and EPHB2 mRNA expression levels in elderly Chinese women

Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between rs12742784 polymorphism in the non-coding area and hip fracture, bone mineral density (BMD), and EPHB2 mRNA expression levels in elderly Chinese women.Methods: We investigated 250 Chinese women (mean age: 63.5 ± 8.3 years) including 123 hip fracture patients and 127 non-fracture controls. All participants underwent clinical examination to meet the inclusion criteria. Lumbar and hip BMD were detected by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. rs12742784 polymorphism was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism and EPHB2 mRNA expression levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Distribution of rs12742784 genotypes agreed with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the CT + TT genotype was significantly associated with decreased risk of hip fracture (adjusted odds ratio = 0.57, p < 0.01) after adjusting for age and body mass index, and with increased BMD and EPHB2 mRNA expression levels. The T allele of the rs12742784 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was a protective factor for hip fracture (adjusted odds ratio = 0.56, p < 0.01).Conclusion: rs12742784 polymorphism was associated with EPHB2 mRNA expression levels, BMD, and hip fracture in Chinese women. The T allele of the rs12742784 SNP was a protective factor for osteoporosis and hip fracture.

Relationship between the Degeneration and Regeneration of Neuromuscular Junction and Wound Age during the Repair of Mouse Skeletal Muscle Contusion

Abstract

Objective To investigate the morphological changes in the degeneration and regeneration of neuromuscular junctions （NMJ） during the repair of mouse skeletal muscle contusion and discuss the correlation between the degeneration and regeneration of NMJ and wound age. Methods A total of 50 healthy adult male mice were randomly divided into 10 groups, including 9 experimental groups and 1 control group. Immunofluorescent staining was applied, and neurofilament was marked with neurofilament protein-H （NF-H）, presynaptic membrane was marked with synaptophysin （Syn）, presynaptic membrane was marked with acetylcholine receptor （AChR）. Morphological changes of NMJ regeneration at different time points after mouse skeletal muscle contusion were detected. Results The neurofilament and presynaptic membrane of NMJ at the junction of contusion zones began to degrade after contusion, and completed degradation at about 3 d post-injury. Then they gradually regenerated, roughly completing the regeneration at about 21 d and basically reaching the control group level. The ratio of presynaptic membrane quantity to presynaptic membrane quantity showed a trend of decreasing then rising and finally reaching the control level. Conclusion During the repair of mouse skeletal muscle contusion, the morphological changes and wound age of the NMJ at the junction of contusion zones have a close correlation, which is expected to be one of the biological indicators for forensic skeletal muscle wound age estimation.

Expression of Nrf2 in Different Cells after Human Cerebral Cortex Contusion

Abstract

Objective To observe the expression changes of nuclear factor-erythroid derived 2-related factors （Nrf2） in different cells at different time points after human cerebral cortex contusion, and to discuss its application in brain wound age estimation. Methods Thirty-six human brain tissues were selected, of which 6 were for control and 30 were cortical contusion at different time points post-injury, which were divided into 0-1 h, 3-6 h, 1-3 d, 5-7 d, and 10-14 d post-injury groups, with 6 cases in each group. Based on paraffin embedded sections, HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes post-injury, and double immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of Nrf2 in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. The number of positive cells was counted and statistical analysis was made. Results The number of neurons decreased 1-3 d post-injury. The expression of Nrf2 cells in neurons increased after injury, and the rate of positive cells peaked at 1-3 d post-injury. Glial cells were activated 1-3 d post-injury, and the activation peaked at 5-7 d post-injury. The cerebromalacia began to form at 10-14 d post-injury. Glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） positive cells in mice increased gradually after injury and peaked at 5-7 d post-injury, while the proportion of Nrf2 in GFAP positive cells was relatively stable. After injury, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 （IBA1） positive cells increased and activated gradually. The expression proportion of Nrf2 in IBA1 positive cells increased gradually, reached its peak at 5-7 d post-injury, and then decreased. Conclusion The expression of Nrf2 in different cells involves in the biological function of different cells post-injury, and the dynamic expression of single cells has a time-dependent pattern. This may provide a new reference index for the wound age estimation of brain contusion in human.

Relationship between Changes of Pericyte Number and Wound Age during Repair of Skeletal Muscle Contusion in Mice

Abstract

Objective To observe the change pattern of pericyte number at different time periods after mice skeletal muscle contusion and discuss its role in wound age estimation. Methods A mice gastrocnemius muscle contusion model was established. The form and number changes of pericytes at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, and 28 d post-injury were detected by multiple immunofluorescence staining. Results Compared with the slender shape of pericytes in normal skeletal muscles, pericytes in the contusion area had increased volume, rounder form and a round nuclei. Part of pericytes were found to express satellite cell markers paired-box transcription factor （Pax7） or myoblast determination 1 （MyoD1）. The changes of pericyte number in skeletal muscles after contusion were time-dependant, and showed unimodal distribution with the extension of wound age. In the central contusion area, the number of pericytes peaked at 5 d post-injury while in the peripheral contusion area, the number of pericytes peaked at 5 d and 7 d post-injury. Conclusion The number of pericytes in contusion area varies time-dependently after skeletal muscle contusion in mice and might be a reference index for muscle wound age estimation, and is involved in the repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle injury.

Relationship between Expression Changes of CB2R and Wound Age of Brain Contusion in Mice

Abstract

Objective To investigate the expression of cannabinoid type 2 receptor （CB2R） at different time points after brain contusion and its relationship with wound age of mice. Methods A mouse brain contusion model was established with PCI3000 Precision Cortical Impactor. Expression changes of CB2R around the injured area were detected with immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting at different time points. Results Immunohistochemical staining results showed that only a few cells in the cerebral cortex of the sham operated group had CB2R positive expression. The ratio of CB2R positive cells gradually increased after injury and reached the peak twice at 12 h and 7 d post-injury, followed by a decrease to the normal level 28 d post-injury. The results of Western blotting were consistent with the immunohistochemical staining results. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that the changes of the ratio of CB2R positive cells in neurons, CB2R positive cells in monocytes and CB2R positive cells in astrocytes to the total cell number showed a single peak pattern, which peaked at 12 h, 1 d and 7 d post-injury, respectively. Conclusion The expression of CB2R after brain contusion in neurons, monocytes and astrocytes in mice suggests that it is likely to be involved in the regulation of the biological functions of those cells. The changes in CB2R are time-dependent, which suggests its potential applicability as a biological indicator for wound age estimation of brain contusion in forensic practice.

Research Progress?on?Age?Determination?of?Venous?Thrombosis in Forensic Medicine

Abstract

Pulmonary thromboembolism （PTE）, which is caused by detachment of venous thrombosis, is a common cause of sudden death in forensic practice. In the cases which die of PTE after trauma or die of PTE during non-thrombosis disease hospitalization, forensic pathologists are required to analyze the time sequence between trauma or medical practice and venous thrombosis, and then analyze their causal relationship. This review summarizes the history of thrombus age estimation and recent advances in forensic medicine, and then gives a brief outlook for future research to provide reference for forensic identification of PTE and guide follow-up studies.

Simplified LC-MS/MS method for quantification of IG-105, a novel tubulin ligand, and its application to the pharmacokinetic study in rats at the anticancer effective dose

IG-105, N-(2, 6-dimethoxypyridine-3-yl)-9-methylcarbazole-3-sulfonamide, a novel carbazole sulfonamide, shows a potent anticancer activity in a variety of human tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, a rapid and convenient liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of IG-105 in rats. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a C₁₈ column using an isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (56:44:0.2, v/v/v). The ion transitions of IG-105 and combretastatin A4 (internal standard) in selected reaction monitoring mode were m/z 398→154 and m/z 317→286, respectively. The assay exhibited good linearity over the range of 2-512 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precisions were within 8.2 %, and the accuracies ranged from -6.0 to 3.7 %. The extraction recoveries were higher than 90 %, and the matrix effects were negligible. All quality control samples were stable at different storage conditions. The validated LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study of IG-105 in rats after a single oral dose of 100, 250, or 1000 mg/kg which showed tumor growth inhibition activity. The absorption of IG-105 was proved to be rapid but saturated to a certain extent into the blood circulation, from where it was distributed and eliminated gradually.

Beclin 1, LC3, and p62 expression in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis

Paraquat (PQ) is a highly toxic herbicide to humans. Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the most typical features of PQ poisoning, which develops from several days to weeks after ingestion. However, the mechanism of fibrosis is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine expressions of autophagy-related markers Beclin 1, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), and p62 in PQ-poisoned lungs and to explore the role of autophagy in pulmonary fibrosis induced by PQ. We detected markers of lung fibrosis and expressions of autophagy-related protein in the specimens from eight fatal cases of PQ poisoning by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry. Based on the staining results of lung fibrosis, these cases were divided into two groups, fibrosis and non-fibrosis groups. The correlation between autophagy protein expressions and pulmonary fibrosis was examined. The results demonstrated that the autophagy-related proteins were significantly expressed in fibrosis group compared with the non-fibrosis group. There was a significantly positive correlation between these protein expressions and severity of lung fibrosis. In conclusion, autophagy dysfunction may be involved in lung fibrogenesis caused by PQ poisoning. This may be a promising clue for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying PQ-induced lung fibrosis and provide evidence for treating fibrosis by regulating the level of autophagy.

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra) and miR-140 overexpression via pNNS-conjugated chitosan-mediated gene transfer enhances the repair of full-thickness cartilage defects in a rabbit model

Objectives

Previously, we reported the improved transfection efficiency of a plasmid DNA-chitosan (pDNA-CS) complex using a phosphorylatable nuclear localization signal-linked nucleic kinase substrate short peptide (pNNS) conjugated to chitosan (pNNS-CS). This study investigated the effects of pNNS-CS-mediated miR-140 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra) gene transfection both in rabbit chondrocytes and a cartilage defect model.

Methods

The pBudCE4.1-miR-140, pBudCE4.1-IL-1Ra, and negative control pBudCE4.1 plasmids were constructed and combined with pNNS-CS to form pDNA/pNNS-CS complexes. These complexes were transfected into chondrocytes or injected into the knee joint cavity.

Results

High IL-1Ra and miR-140 expression levels were detected both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, compared with the pBudCE4.1 group, the transgenic group presented with significantly increased chondrocyte proliferation and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, as well as increased collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN), and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1) levels. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was reduced, as were a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5 (ADAMTS-5) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 levels. In vivo, the exogenous genes reduced the synovial fluid GAG and NO concentrations and the ADAMTS-5 and MMP-13 levels in cartilage. In contrast, COL2A1, ACAN, and TIMP-1 levels were increased, and the cartilage Mankin score was decreased in the transgenic group compared with the pBudCE4.1 group. Double gene combination produced greater efficacies than each single gene, both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion

This study suggests that pNNS-CS is a good candidate for treating cartilage defects via gene therapy, and that IL-1Ra in combination with miR-140 produces promising biological effects on cartilage defects.

Cite this article: R. Zhao, S. Wang, L. Jia, Q. Li, J. Qiao, X. Peng. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra) and miR-140 overexpression via pNNS-conjugated chitosan-mediated gene transfer enhances the repair of full-thickness cartilage defects in a rabbit model. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:165–178. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.83.BJR-2018-0222.R1.

[Meta-analysis on influence of psychological nursing on quality of life of AIDS patients]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of psychological nursing intervention on the quality of life of AIDS patients. Methods: The experimental studies about the influence of psychological nursing intervention on the quality of life of AIDS patients were systematically retrieved in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), China journal full text database (CNKI), Wanfang database and VIP Chinese science and technology periodical database (VIP). The SF-36 scale scores in 8 dimensions were combined with Review Manager 5.3, the weighted mean difference and 95% CI of the value of the combined effects were calculated. Results: In addition to the dimension of physiological function, the differences in weighted mean of the remaining seven dimensions of SF-36 scales were significant, among which the average score of physiological function increased to 6.48, but the average score of emotional function increased up to 19.90. It can be considered that in addition to the dimension of physiological function, the score of the other dimensions were improved after the psychological nursing intervention. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the differences in weighted means of the eight dimensions of SF-36 scale were significant, indicating that the quality of life of the observation group was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: Psychological nursing intervention can improve the quality of life of AIDS patients, and it is suggested to use it in clinical practice.

[A meta-analysis of the test results of five indicators for hepatitis B virus of college freshmen in current mainland China]

Objective: Using Meta analysis to evaluate the test results of five indicators and main infection patterns for hepatitis B virus (HBV) of college freshmen in mainland China. Methods: In this paper, "college students", "college freshmen", "hepatitis b virus" and "HBV" were used to search systematically for cross-sectional data of the results of five indicators for HBV of entrants from 2006-2015 through CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP as well as Pubmed and Web of Science. Then Combie's standard for cross-sectional study was used to assess the qualities of the articles included, and Stata 14.0 software and Meta analysis method (including performing heterogeneity test, calculating combined detection rates and carrying out sensitivity analysis and publication bias test) were used to analyze and evaluate the epidemiological significance of the results above. Results: Sixteen studies containing 82 144 cases were included. The result of heterogeneity test showed that there was significant heterogeneity (P<0.001), hence random effects model was adopted. The Meta analysis resulted in total positive rate for surface antigen (HBsAg) of 7.0% (95%CI: 6.0%-8.0%), surface antibody positive rate (HBsAb) of 46.0% (95%CI: 42.0%-49.0%), and positive rate for HBsAg, core antibody (HBcAb) combined with E antigen (HBeAg) or E antibody (HBeAb) of 3.0% (95%CI: 2.0%-3.0%) and 3.0% (95%CI: 2.0%-3.0%), respectively; whereas the negative rate of all indicators was 41.0% (95%CI: 35.0%-46.0%). Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were highly heterogeneous (P<0.001), while the result of Egger's regression indicated that there were publication bias of all indicators (P<0.05), except for HBsAb (P=0.436). Conclusion: The positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb of college students are lower than those of general population, while the positive rates of HBsAg, HBcAb combined with HBeAg or HBeAb and the all-negative rate of HBV count for a considerable proportion among entrants.

[Preliminary application of endonasopharyngeal ultrasound-guided transnasopharyngeal needle aspiration in the diagnosis of submucosal nasopharyngeal carcinoma]

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and clinical value of endonasopharyngeal ultrasound-guided transnasopharyngeal needle aspiration (ENUS-TNNA) in the diagnosis of submucosal nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: Clinical data of 9 patients from Sichuan Cancer Hospital with submucosal nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing ENUS-TNNA between December 2013 and January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The feasibility and safety were analyed. All 9 patients were all males with a mean age of (49.2±10.9) years. Results: Needle puncture biopsies were successfully performed in all cases, and sufficient tissue sample for histopathological examination was obtained from each of the 9 patients. No major bleeding or persistent bleeding occurred during and after puncture procedures. There were 5 patients with undifferentiated nonkeratinizing carcinoma and 4 patients poorly differentiated carcinoma. Conclusion: ENUS-TNNA is a safe, feasible and effective technique to provide a diagnosis of submucosal growth type of nasopharyngeal neoplasms, which has some clinical value.

[Retrospect on 60 years' history and prospect of Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University]

The Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University is the leading team in Shandong province. It is integrated with clinical treatment, scientific research, teaching, personnel training, and medical service for social crisis, which undertakes the tasks of giving lessons and offering chances for noviciate and internship of burns and plastic surgery in College of Medicine of Shandong University. It is not only the training unit affiliated to College of Medicine of Shandong University for master students and doctoral students major in burns and plastic surgery, but also the national training base for specialists of burns and plastic surgery. It is the national key clinical subject of burn surgery. Over the past 60 years, with the concerted efforts of several generations, it has made significant contributions to the development and innovation of burns and plastic surgery in Shandong province and the whole China.

[Analysis on reproductive health service, demographics and characteristics of internal migrant population in three municipalities of China]

Objective: To investigate the utilization of reproductive health services and relating factors among internal migrant population in Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing. Methods: A multi-stage cluster sampling method was adopted in this cross-sectional study, conducted in Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing from August 2014 to August 2015. Standard methods on statistics and nonlinear canonical correlation were applied. Results: Out of the 6 545 internal migrant persons, 41.76% ever used the reproductive health services in the past year. Results from the nonlinear canonical correlation analysis revealed that the utilization of reproductive health services was correlated with the demographic features (=0.28, P<0.000 1) and characteristics of the population mobility (=0.21, P<0.000 1), respectively. For the above said demographic features, canonical variable L(1) which represented the demographic features was mainly determined by area, occupation and education attainment. Canonical variable M(1) that reflected the utilization of reproductive health services, was mainly determined by factors as free contraceptives, education on contraception/reproductive health, and pregnancy diagnosis/antenatal care. As for the characteristics of the population mobility, canonical variable U(1), which represented population mobility characteristics, was mainly determined by factors as purpose of migration, current pattern of residence and the length of annual stay in the area. Again, the canonical variable V(1), reflecting the use of reproductive health services was mainly determined by factors as free contraceptives, check-up on reproductive tract infection, education on contraception/reproductive health, and pregnancy diagnosis/antenatal care. Conclusions: The utilization of reproductive health services was low among the internal migrant population under study. Responsible departments for health and family planning in those cities should make internal migrants attach importance to reproductive health.